UNIT 2 Section 1 Reading and Thinking(教用Word)-【赢在微点·轻松课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

UNIT 2　HEALTHY LIFESTYLE 文化意识　能够理解中外生活方式的差异和共性,识别不同文化背景下健康的生活方式和不良的生活方式。 学习能力　1.运用所学的习惯循环原理分析、改变现实生活中存在的不良习惯。 2.能够区分事实和观点,了解观点产生的事实基础和推导过程,批判性地接受意见或建议。 ■知识先知 abuse, reward, rely, negative, compose, delete, disturb, skip, stimulate, dynamic, comedy, enhance, refresh, absorb in response to, rely on, straight away, decide on, make up one􀆳s mind, be composed of, shave off, stressed out, worn out 1.as引导时间状语从句 2.不定式作目的状语 3.so ... that ...引导结果状语从句 ◆不定式作主语 ◆给编辑的一封信 ■画里有话现在,很多人都有睡眠不足的问题。研究表明,小睡一会儿有益于健康,而且能减轻压力,使注意力更集中。小睡不是老人和孩子的专属,打个盹儿可以提高人们的工作和学习效率。 　　Research found that stress hormone levels were lower in those who took stress⁃reducing actions such as napping. Take ①a break each day from the stresses and reduce your risks, find a quiet, ②comfortable (comfort) spot and take a nap. Even a short power nap can leave you ③feeling (feel) refreshed, renewed, and more focused. If you have the opportunity to have a power nap, ④particularly (particular) after a poor night of sleep, by all means, take one. You will feel more alert and ⑤energetic (energy) afterwards, and once rested after your mid⁃afternoon nap, your mood, efficiency, and alertness level will improve greatly. Naps aren􀆳t just for the very young and old. They are beneficial to the working people. Daytime dozing may enhance a person􀆳s capacity ⑥to learn (learn) certain tasks. UNIT 2　HEALTHY LIFESTYLE Section 1　Reading and Thinking 阳光晨读微点释疑 原|文|诵|读 HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco① or alcohol② abuse③, which can lead to physical④ and mental health problems. To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating⑤ a teenager􀆳s life is essential. They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes. To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: “We are what we repeatedly⑥ do.” In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work. According to modern psychology⑦, we must first learn about the “habit cycle”, which works like this: ·Firstly, there is a “cue”⑧, an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do something. ·Secondly, there is a “routine”, the regular action you take in response to⑨ the cue. ·Thirdly, there is the “reward”⑩, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. 　　For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed. To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas. For example, we could try to replace a negativeroutine with something more positive. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits. For example, when we come to an escalator(cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead. Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up. In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly,but over a period of time. As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small, but it is essential. To reach the goal of change,a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After all, it is not easy to break bad habits. For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits. However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits! 微|点|清|障 ①tobacco /təˈbækəʊ/ n. 烟草;烟叶 ②alcohol /ˈælkəhɒl/ n. 酒;酒精 ③abuse /əˈbjuːs/ n. 滥用;虐待;辱骂　/əˈbjuːz/ vt. 滥用;虐待;辱骂 ④physical /ˈfɪzɪkl/ adj. 身体的;客观存在的;物理学的 ⑤dominate /ˈdɒmɪneɪt/ vt. & vi. 支配;控制;占有优势 ⑥repeatedly /rɪˈpiːtɪdli/ adv. 重复地 ⑦psychology /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/ n. 心理学;心理;心理影响 ⑧cue /kjuː/ n. 提示;暗示;信号　vt. 给(某人)暗示(或提示) ⑨in response to回答;答复 ⑩reward /rɪˈwɔːd/ n. 回报;奖励;报酬　vt. 奖励;奖赏;给以报酬 rely /rɪˈlaɪ/ vi. 依赖;依靠;信赖 rely on依赖;依靠;信赖 facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ vt. 促进;促使;使便利 examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ vt. (仔细)检查;审查;测验 negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 消极的;有害的;否定的 escalator /ˈeskəleɪtə(r)/ n. 自动扶梯;滚梯 straight away立即;马上 pessimistic /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ adj. 悲观的;悲观主义的 discipline /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ n. 自制力;纪律;学科　vt. 自我控制;管教;处罚 pill /pɪl/ n. 药丸;药片 magic pill神奇药丸 decide on决定;选定 健康的生活方式需养成的习惯 在成长过程中,青少年会变得越来越独立,并且开始自己做决定。然而,在这一时期,他们中的一部分人容易养成不良习惯。如果任其发展,在他们长大成人后,这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。例如,一些青少年可能吸烟成瘾或酗酒,造成身心健康问题。防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会早早认清不良习惯并作出适当的改变。 改变不良习惯从来都不是一件容易的事情,即使你三番五次地尝试。有句基于亚里士多德哲学的名言:“我们反复做的事情造就了我们。”从很多方面看,我们的生活方式是我们所作出的选择的总和。我们选择做某件事,接着我们反反复复地做这件事。不久之后,这项选择就变得自然而然,成为一种更加难以改变的习惯。好消息是,如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的,我们就可以作出改变。 根据现代心理学,我们必须首先了解“习惯循环”,其工作原理如下: ·第一是“触发因素”,即一个行动、事件或状况,充当要做某事的讯号。 ·第二是“惯常行为”,即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。 ·第三是“回报”,即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。 　　例如,当我们感到不高兴时(触发因素),我们会吃很多不健康零食(惯常行为),这让我们感到快乐(回报)。这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环,从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。 为了促进我们不良习惯的积极改变,我们必须首先审视我们的不良习惯循环,然后尝试去改变它们。为了做到这一点,我们可以把来自我们不良习惯循环的信息与我们自己的积极想法结合起来。例如,我们可以试着将一个消极的惯常行为替换为一个更积极的东西。因此,当我们再次感到不高兴时(触发因素),我们可以听几首自己最喜爱的音乐(惯常行为),而不是吃零食,这会使我们感到放松(回报)。除了改变不良习惯之外,我们还可以利用习惯循环来养成良好的习惯。例如,当我们走到电梯前的时候(触发因素),我们的惯常行为是乘坐电梯,但是我们可以改为走楼梯,从而将上述惯常行为改变为一个更积极的事情。 我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯,一旦没有立刻成功,我们往往变得悲观,继而放弃。事实上,改变不良习惯的最佳方法不是一蹴而就,而是需要一段时间。正如中国哲学家老子所说:“千里之行,始于足下。”一步似乎很小,却至关重要。为了实现改变这一目标,一个人必须展示出一定程度的自制力,不断地迈出许多小步。毕竟,戒除不良习惯并非易事。 对年轻人来说,有大量的时间可以改变不良习惯。然而,能帮助你的“魔力丸”或删除键并不存在;你必须思考自己的不良习惯,选定一些作出改变。你有能力构建一种充满良好习惯的快乐、健康的生活! 语篇理解读思练通 Step 1　Fast reading 快读课文,把握文章段落大意。 ①Para. 1　 a.There is plenty of time for young people to change bad habits. ②Para. 2 b.The most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. ③Para. 3 c.Teenagers are easy to form bad habits. ④Para. 4 d.It􀆳s not easy to change bad habits. ⑤Para. 5 e.The habit cycle has three stages. ⑥Para. 6 f.Examine our bad habit cycles and adapt them. ⑦Para. 7 g.One example of the habit cycle. 答案　①—c;②—d;③—e;④—g;⑤—f;⑥—b;⑦—a　 Step 2　Careful reading 细读课文,完成以下各题。　 1. How can we change bad habits? A. We should know how bad habits work. B. We should be taught by our parents. C. We should make many choices. D. We should repeat the habits. 答案　A 2. Which is NOT the stage of the “habit cycle”? A. Cue.　　　　　　 B. Routine. C. Reward. D. Recycle. 答案　D 3. If we feel unhappy again, what should we do? A. We should listen to some of our favourite music. B. We should eat snacks. C. We should buy some delicious food. D. We should go to bed for a sleep. 答案　A 4. Why is the most successful way to change not suddenly? A. Because it is not easy to break bad habits. B. Because we don􀆳t know how to change. C. Because it costs a lot of time. D. Because it all depends on money. 答案　A Step 3　Intensive reading 精读课文,理清文章脉络。 阳光晨读新知先学 　 固基础须牢记 A组　阅读词汇知其意 1.tobacco n.烟草;烟叶 2.alcohol n.酒;酒精 3.dominate vt. & vi.支配;控制;占有优势 4.repeatedly adv.重复地 5.psychology n.心理学;心理;心理影响 6.escalator n.自动扶梯;滚梯 7.discipline n.自制力;纪律;学科　vt.自我控制;管教;处罚 B组　重点词汇写其形 1.abuse n.滥用;虐待;辱骂　vt.滥用;虐待;辱骂 2.physical adj.身体的;客观存在的;物理学的 3.cue n.提示;暗示;信号　vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示) 4.facilitate vt.促进;促使;使便利 5.pill n.药丸;药片 6.delete v.删去;删除 C组　派生词精准变形 1.examine vt. (仔细)检查;审查;测验→examination n. 检查;测试 2.pessimistic adj. 悲观的;悲观主义的→optimistic adj. 乐观主义的 3.negative adj. 消极的;有害的;否定的→ positive adj. 正面的;积极的 4.dominate vt. & vi. 支配;控制;占有优势→ domination n. 支配;控制 5.reward n.回报;奖励;报酬　vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬→rewarding adj.有益的;有意义的;报酬高的 6.rely vi.依赖;依靠;信赖→reliable adj.可靠的;可信赖的 D组　重点短语双向记 1.in response to 　　 回答;答复 2.rely on 依赖;依靠;信赖 3.straight away 立即;马上 4.grow up 成长  5.in many ways 在很多方面  6.give up 放弃  创意课堂高效学习 学·语言知识 重点词汇 1.Secondly, there is a “routine”, the regular action you take in response to the cue. 第二是“惯常行为”,即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。 ◆response n. 回答;答复 ①Millions of people gave freely in response to the appeal for the victims of the earthquake. 为响应救济地震灾民的呼吁,几百万人慷慨相助。 ②The sculptor has never responded to my letter. 雕刻家从来没有给我回过信。 ③There had been no response (respond) to the boss􀆳s remarks from the company. 公司未对这个老板的言论作出回应。 ④These comments came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen. 这些评论用来回答当地记者经常问的一些具体问题。 2.Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. 第三是“回报”,即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。 ◆reward n. 回报;奖励;报酬　vt. 奖励;奖赏;给以报酬 ①He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作努力却没有很多报酬。 ②She got nothing in reward for her kindness. 她的善良没得到回报。 ③They rewarded him a lot of money for helping them. 为了感谢他的帮助,他们用很多钱酬谢他。 ④They rewarded the winners with medals. 他们用奖牌来奖励获胜者们。 ⑤I would like to invite you to the exhibition in reward for your generous help during my stay in Beijing. 我想邀请你来参观展览,以报答我在北京期间你慷慨的帮助。 3.The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed. 这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环,从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。 ◆rely v. 依赖;依靠;信赖 ①You can rely on it that Peter would like to accept the suggestion. 你可以相信彼得愿意接受这个建议。 ②Many people now would rather rely on surfing the Internet than read newspapers for news. 许多人现在依赖上网而不是看报纸来获取新闻。 ③You should not rely on him coming on time. 你不应该指望他准时到来。 ④These days, we rely heavily on computers to organize our work. 如今,我们非常依赖电脑去处理我们的工作。 ⑤We may rely on it that they will help us solve the problem. 我们可以指望他们会帮助我们解决这个问题。 ⑥Tom is influential and reliable (rely) while Jack is just the opposite. 汤姆很有影响力很可靠,而杰克正相反。 4.Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up. 我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯,一旦没有立刻成功,我们往往变得悲观,继而放弃。 (1) ①I should go and see a doctor straight away. 我应该立即去看医生。 ②I hope all of my close friends can be straight with me. 我希望我所有的密友都能坦诚待我。 ③They must develop a way of writing that goes straight to the point. 他们必须研究出一种开门见山的写作方法。 ④I told him straight away what I thought of the matter. 我毫不迟疑地把我对这个问题的看法告诉了他。 ⑤His wife is trying to keep him on the straight and narrow. 他妻子想方设法让他诚实正派。 ⑥She asked him straight off/out what he thought about it all.   她率直地问他对这一切有什么想法。 ⑦I saw it─straight up!   我亲眼看见了——真的! ⑧Please look straight at me and answer my question.  请直视着我,回答我的问题。 ⑨She went straight off and told Tom about it. 她直接跑去找到汤姆,把这事告诉了他。 (2)pessimistic adj. 悲观的;悲观主义的 ①She is not very optimistic about the outcome of the talks. 她对会谈的结果不太乐观。 ②It looks as if the pessimists are being proved right. 现在看来似乎悲观论者是正确的。 ③Not everyone is so pessimistic about the future.  不是每个人都对未来如此悲观。 5.... you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. ……你必须思考自己的不良习惯,选定一些作出改变。 ①My father decided to go to Rome for his holidays. 我的爸爸决定去罗马度假。 ②They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964. 1964年,他们决定去美国巡演。 ③He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run. 他犹豫了一下,然后说他已经决定不跑了。 ④I cannot make my decision immediately, but you will hear from me soon. 我不能立即做出我的决定,但你很快就会收到我的信。 ⑤(2022·全国甲卷)What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? 什么让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行? 重点句式 1.As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. 在成长过程中,青少年会变得越来越独立,并且开始自己做决定。 微点　本句中As teenagers grow up为as引导的时间状语从句,其中as意思是“随着”。 when, while, as引导的时间状语从句 (1)when既可表示时间段,也可表示时间点,用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。 When I came in, he was reading. 当我进来时,他正在读书。 (2)当两个可延续的动作同时发生而又具有对比意义时,从句常用while引导,主句和从句的时态通常是相同的。 My brother was washing the dishes while I was cleaning the table. 我哥哥在刷碗,我在清理桌子。 (3)as 意为“一边……一边……;随着”,常用于表示两个动作同时或几乎同时发生;表述两个发展变化中的情况;表示在某事发生的过程中另一事发生;表示随着短暂动作的发生,另一行为立即发生。 As I have grown older, I have also grown smaller. 随着我年龄越来越大,我也变得越来越小。 2.To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. 为了实现改变这一目标,一个人必须展示出一定程度的自制力,不断地迈出许多小步。 微点　“To reach the goal of change”在句中作目的状语。 (1)不定式作状语主要用来表示目的,有时也可以表示结果、原因等。 She was surprised to see George walk in. 看到乔治走进来,她很惊讶。 (2)不定式作目的状语时,常位于句首或句中,形式上可用 in order to do, so as to do, to do等代替,但so as to do不能置于句首。 In order to pass the exam, he worked hard. 为了通过考试,他努力学习。 (3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。 To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.(×) [名师点津]不定式作结果状语时,通常表示出乎意料的结果,而现在分词表示自然而然的结果。 ①I went to see him, only to find him out. 我去看他,不料他出去了。 ②Football is played all over the world, making it the most popular sport. 世界各地的人们都在踢足球,使足球成了最受欢迎的运动。 循环微练 以下练习中加黑体词汇是UNIT 1的词汇重现,如有遗忘,请及时回顾。 维度1　单词的正确形式 1. The influential professor keeps telling his students repeatedly (重复地) that the future belongs to the well⁃educated. 2. People who abuse their power will be punished sooner or later. 3. We should form the habit of backing our files up in case we delete them by mistake. 4. Astronauts discipline (严格要求) themselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day. 5. The teacher will examine the students on everything they have learnt this year. 6. The center has a strong team which consists of top medical experts in psychology (心理学). 7. They say these pills (药丸) have many side effects, so we had better not take them. 8. More than one boy is fond of playing football,which is of benefit to their physical and mental health. 维度2　固定搭配和句式 1. You can rely on it that (相信) we will do our best to carry out the task. 2. When the bell rang, the children were required to hand in their examination papers straight away (立刻). 3. Early in your project, you should first decide on (决定) which type of material to use. 4. After much consideration, she came up with (想出) a novel solution to the problem. 5. Many young people volunteered to work in a remote mountainous area in response to (作为对……的反应) the call of the country. 6. Running benefits people in many ways (在很多方面), enabling them to connect with each other. 习·综合素养 学语言表达 1.学好词 (1)根据文章第一段第一句中的“grow up, more independent”可知,孩子们在成长过程中会形式一些不良习惯。 (2)根据第二段第二句中的repeatedly可以看出,一旦习惯形成就很难改变,因为它是不断重复形成的。 (3)根据第三段第一句中的must可以看出,要想改掉一些不良习惯,必须要知道“habit cycle”是怎样进行和起作用的。 2.学佳句 (1)第一段首句“As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions.”中用了As引导的时间状语从句,可见习惯的形成是一个逐渐的过程。 (2)第二段最后一句“The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.”中既有that引导的表语从句,又有if引导的条件状语从句,从句的使用能丰富句子的内容,让读者更容易理解句意。 (3)文章第一、二段,第五、六段都用到了不定式作目的状语,非谓语的使用使句子结构丰富,且更能突出重点。 学后微练—尝试翻译下列句子 ①随着时间的流逝,我长成了一个真正的男人。 As time goes by, I have grown up into a real man.  ②事实是他没有做真正的努力。 The fact is that he doesn􀆳t really try.  学行文结构 　　本文是按“总—分—总”结构行文的,首先提出青少年随着年龄的增长,容易形成一些不良习惯,接下来讲了怎么样改掉不良习惯,最后说青少年有足够的时间去改掉不良习惯,文章结构非常清楚,易于理解。 文章恰当地使用了并列连词and和转折副词however以及表示因果的so将各要点串联在一起,使文章成为一个整体。表示转折的词还有yet, but, on the contrary等。 学后微练—尝试用恰当的词填空 　　Most of us think cold weather leads to dry skin and wrinkling. ①But according to a recent study, proper cold temperature could be good for the skin because it trains blood vessels in the skin to be responsive. ②So, rosy cheeks! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$