UNIT 1 Section 1 Reading and Thinking(教用Word)-【赢在微点·轻松课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

UNIT 1　ART 文化意识　1.了解西方绘画简史的过程中感受艺术的魅力,从而能够热爱艺术、热爱生活、热爱美。 2.理解作品的内涵和艺术家的精神追求,为将来实现跨文化交流打下基础。 学习能力　1.了解西方绘画艺术发展的历史以及不同时期的著名艺术家和代表作,学会赏析世界闻名的西方绘画佳作。 2.能够谈论自己喜爱的西方绘画艺术风格,交流和分享自己对艺术内涵与价值的理解。 ■知识先知 precise, influential, noble, rank, purchase, subsequent, permanent, criticise, representative, exhibition, decline, recognition, guarantee in particular, set apart from, be fond of, bring ... to life, be worthy of, as a result, focus on, as well 1.while引导让步状语从句 2.what引导宾语从句 ◆不定式作表语 ◆写一篇艺术展的通知 ■画里有话凡·高是荷兰后印象派画家,1880年后学习绘画,代表作有《星月夜》,自画像系列和向日葵系列等。 　　Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) was a Dutch painter ①who/that went to live in southern France and helped to develop the style of Post⁃Impressionism. His paintings ②typically (typical) use bright colors and have thick lines of paints in circular patterns, and the most famous ones include Sunflowers and Irises. He is also known ③for being mentally ill and cutting ④off one of his ears and later killing himself. Although he was poor during his life, his paintings are now extremely ⑤valuable (value) and are sold at very high prices. UNIT 1　ART Section 1　Reading and Thinking 阳光晨读微点释疑 原|文|诵|读 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING What is Western art? It is hard to give a precise① definition. As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. 　　The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century) During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity②. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic③ scenes. Their works were often primitive④ and two⁃dimensional⑤, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337). While⑥ his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment. In particular⑦, his paintings are set apart from⑧ other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 　　The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century) New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes. They began to adopt a more humanistic⑨ attitude to life. An important breakthrough⑩ during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401-1428). Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Michelangelo (1475-1564), and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio􀆳s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669),who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light. 　　In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid⁃19th century. After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840-1926) called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet􀆳s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself. While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people. Unlike the cold, black⁃and⁃white photographs of that time period, Renoir􀆳s paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well. Modern Art (from the 20th century to today) After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, “What do we do next?” Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973) tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way,with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream⁃like quality. Still others turned to abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art?” 微|点|清|障 ①precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ adj. 准确的;精确的 precisely /prɪˈsaɪsli/ adv. 准确地;精确地;的确如此 ②Christianity /ˌkrɪstiˈænəti/ n. 基督教 ③realistic /ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk/ adj. 现实的;逼真的 realism /ˈriːəlɪzəm/ n. 逼真;现实主义;务实作风 realist /ˈriːəlɪst/ n. 现实主义画家(或作家等);现实主义者 ④primitive /ˈprɪmətɪv/ adj. 发展水平低的;原始的;远古的　n. 文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品) ⑤two⁃dimensional /ˌtuːdaɪˈmenʃənl/ adj. 二维的 dimension /daɪˈmenʃn/ n. 维;规模;范围 ⑥while在句中含义是“尽管;虽然”,引导让步状语从句。 ⑦in particular尤其;特别 ⑧set apart from使与众不同;使突出;使优于…… ⑨humanistic /ˌhjuːməˈnɪstɪk/ adj. 人文主义的 humanity /hjuːˈmænətɪ/ n. 人性;人道;(统称)人类 ⑩breakthrough /ˈbreɪkθruː/ n. 重大进展;突破 influential /ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/ adj. 有很大影响力的;有支配力的 reputation /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/ n. 名誉;名声 noble /ˈnəʊbl/ n. 贵族成员;出身高贵的人　adj.崇高的;宏伟的;高贵的 rank /ræ􀱻k/ n. 地位;级别;行列　vt. & vi. 把……分等级;使排成行 purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ vt. 购买;采购　n.购买;购买的东西 mythology /mɪˈθɒlədʒi/ n. 神话;虚幻的想法 client /ˈklaɪənt/ n. 委托人;当事人;客户 photography /fəˈtɒ􀱹rəfi/ n. 照相术;摄影 emerge /ɪˈmɜːdʒ/ vi. & vt. 出现;浮现;暴露 sunrise /ˈsʌnraɪz/ n. 日出 convey /kənˈveɪ/ vt. 表达;传递(思想、感情等);传送 subjective /səbˈdʒektɪv/ adj. 主观的 outer /ˈaʊtə(r)/ adj. 外表的;外边的;外围的 subsequent /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ adj. 随后的;后来的;之后的 西方绘画简史 什么是西方艺术?很难给出一个明确的定义。由于西方艺术风格多种多样,不可能在一篇短文中描述全部。也许,了解西方艺术的最好方法就是回顾若干个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。 中世纪时期(5—15世纪) 中世纪时期,西方艺术的目的是向人们传授基督教。因此,艺术家们对描绘真实场景并无兴趣。他们的作品往往是原始的、二维的,主角也通常被塑造得比其他人高大许多,以显示其重要性。13世纪乔托·迪·邦多纳(1267年—1337年)的出现改变了这一现象。尽管他的绘画仍是宗教主题,但展示了真实环境中的真实人物。他的绘画尤其以逼真的人脸和强烈的情感冲击而与众不同。 　　文艺复兴时期(14—17世纪) 新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪时期旧的思想和价值观。因此,画家们较少关注宗教主题。他们开始对生活采取一种更为人性化的态度。这一时期的一项重大突破是马萨乔(1401年—1428年)对透视法的运用。在乔托和马萨乔创新的基础上,莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452年—1519年)、米开朗琪罗(1475年—1564年)和拉斐尔(1483年—1520年)等颇具影响力的画家创作出了欧洲有史以来最伟大的一些艺术作品。 另一大创新是油性颜料的使用。凭借其浓重的色彩和写实主义,一些最好的油画作品看上去与照片相似。虽然像达·芬奇这么早的画家就已经开始用颜料画画,但这一技艺走向鼎盛则始于获得光影大师称号的伦勃朗(1606年—1669年)。 在题材方面,重心日益从宗教主题转向我们身边的人与世界。国王、贵族和地位显赫的人都想购买自己及其所爱之人的精确画像。而其他人想要的则是展示重大历史事件或神话故事的绘画。最后,大多数顾客想要的是漂亮、有趣的绘画。 　　印象派时期(19世纪末—20世纪初) 在19世纪中叶摄影术发明之前,西方艺术发展缓慢。摄影术发明之后,绘画不再需要保留人与世界的模样。因此,画家必须找到一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。于是,印象主义在法国应运而生。这项新运动的名称源自克劳德·莫奈(1840年—1926年)名为《日出·印象》的绘画作品。在这幅作品里,莫奈的目的是传递场景中的光与运动——即场景给予他的主观印象,而非对场景本身的一种具体记录。 虽然许多印象派画家描绘的是大自然或日常生活中的场景,但是雷诺阿(1841年—1919年)等其他画家却侧重于人物。与那一时期冷色调的黑白照片不同,雷诺阿的绘画饱含光影、色彩和生活元素。他力求既展示主题人物的外在形象,又展现其内在的温暖和人性。 现代艺术时期(20世纪至今) 在印象主义之后,后代的艺术家们开始发问:“接下来我们应该做什么?”毕加索(1881年—1973年)等画家试图分析自然世界中存在的形状,但是以一种新的方式——立体主义。其他画家则赋予自己的绘画一种写实却又梦幻般的品质。还有一些画家则转向抽象艺术。他们所做的尝试不再是展示现实,而是提出这一问题:“艺术是什么?” 语篇理解读思练通 　 Step 1　Fast reading 快读课文,把握文章主旨大意。 What does the text mainly tell us? A. How religious paintings developed. B. How oil paintings developed. C. How Impressionist paintings developed. D. How Western art developed. 答案　D Step 2　Careful reading 细读课文,完成以下各题。　 1.How can we understand Western art? A. By analysing the features of painters. B. By looking at the development of Western painting. C. By buying Western paintings. D. By learning from famous painters. 答案　B 2.What􀆳s the purpose of Western art during the Middle Ages? A. To teach people about Christianity. B. To teach people about Buddhism. C. To teach people about Taoism. D. To teach people about religion. 答案　A 3.Why did the painters concentrate less on religious themes during the Renaissance? A. Because the painters didn􀆳t like religious themes any more. B. Because the painters weren􀆳t interested in painting. C. Because new ideas and values replaced old ones gradually. D. Because the painters paid more attention to animals. 答案　C 4.When did the development of Western art slow? A. In the beginning of the 19th century. B. In the mid⁃19th century. C. In the late 19th century. D. In the 18th century. 答案　B 5.Which is NOT the feature of Modern art? A. Analysing the shapes that existed. B. Giving paintings a realistic quality. C. Giving paintings a dream⁃like quality. D. Emphasising the colours. 答案　D Step 3　Intensive reading 精读课文,理清文章脉络。 阳光晨读新知先学 　 固基础须牢记 A组　阅读词汇知其意 1.Christianity n.基督教 2.primitive adj.发展水平低的;原始的;远古的 n.文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品) 3.dimension n.维;规模;范围 4.breakthrough n.重大进展;突破 5.mythology n.神话;虚幻的想法 6.subsequent adj.随后的;后来的;之后的 B组　重点词汇写其形 1.reputation n.名誉;名声 2.noble n.贵族成员;出身高贵的人　adj.崇高的;宏伟的;高贵的 3.rank n.地位;级别;行列　vt. & vi.把……分等级;使排成行 4.purchase vt.购买;采购　n.购买;购买的东西 5.client n.委托人;当事人;客户 6.emerge vi. & vt.出现;浮现;暴露 7.sunrise n.日出 8.convey vt.表达;传递(思想、感情等);传送 9.outer adj.外表的;外边的;外围的 10.pond n.池塘;水池 C组　派生词精准变形 1.precise adj. 准确的;精确的→precisely adv. 准确地;精确地;的确如此 2.subjective adj. 主观的→objective adj. 客观的 3.sunrise n. 日出→sunset n. 日落 4.photography n. 照相术;摄影→photographer n. 摄影家→photograph n. 照片 5.influential adj. 有很大影响力的;有支配力的→influence n. & v. 影响 6.realistic adj. 现实的;逼真的→realism n. 逼真;现实主义;务实作风→realist n. 现实主义画家(或作家等);现实主义者 7.humanistic adj.人文主义的→humanity n. 人性;人道;(统称)人类 8.sculpture n. 雕像;雕刻品;雕刻术→sculptor n. 雕刻家;雕塑家 9.visual adj. 视觉的;视力的→visible adj. 看得见的→invisible adj. 看不见的 10.arched adj. 拱形的;弓形的→arch vt. & vi. 呈弧形横跨;(使)成弓形　n. 拱;拱形结构;拱门 D组　重点短语双向记 1.in particular 　 尤其;特别 2.set apart from 使与众不同;使突出;使优于…… 3.break through 重大进展;突破 4.the way to do 做……的方法 5.attempt to do sth 尝试/试图做某事  6.focus on 关注  7.be fond of 喜爱;喜欢  8.fine art 美术(尤其绘画和雕塑)  创意课堂高效学习 学·语言知识 重点词汇 1.Thus,artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. 因此,艺术家们对描绘真实场景并无兴趣。 ◆realistic adj. 现实的;逼真的 ①We have to be realistic about our chances of winning. 我们必须实事求是地估计我们获胜的可能性。 ②There was a new mood of realism among the leaders at the peace talks. 参加和平谈判的领导人之间有着一种务实的新气氛。 ③In reality, the chemical plant still produces a lot of waste every day. 实际上,化工厂每天仍然制造很多废弃物。 ④He is supposedly talking as a realist, but he obviously knows nothing about reality. 他说话的架势像个现实主义者,但他明显对现实一无所知。 ⑤It is not realistic (reality) to expect people to spend so much money. 期望人们花那么多的钱是不实际的。 ⑥He is said to work around the clock to realize (real)his dream of setting up his own company. 据说他夜以继日地工作,以实现他开办自己的公司的梦想。 2.In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 他的绘画尤其以逼真的人脸和强烈的情感冲击而与众不同。 (1)in particular 尤其;特别 be particular about 对……挑剔 particularly adv. 尤其 ①He loves primitive history in particular. 他尤其喜欢远古的历史。 ②Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants. 蓝莓的抗氧化物含量特别高。 ③The young girl is particular about what she wears and eats. 这个年轻的女孩对自己吃的和穿的都很挑剔。 ④My brother likes science fiction in particular. 我哥哥特别喜欢科幻小说。 ⑤Thomas likes all kinds of fruit, particularly (particular) bananas. 托马斯喜欢各种各样的水果,尤其是香蕉。 (2)set短语 ①Try to set aside some time every day for exercise. 努力每天抽出一点时间来锻炼。 ②All the students of Grade Two set off for the national park in high spirits. 所有的二年级学生都情绪高涨地向国家公园出发。 ③The Smiths set about cleaning the garage the moment they arrived home. 史密斯一家一到家就开始打扫车库。 ④They want to set up their own company in the future. 将来他们想成立自己的公司。 ⑤Her clear and elegant writing set her apart from other journalists. 她的文章清丽典雅,比其他记者略高一筹。 ⑥You are supposed to set down the main points of the lecture. 你应该把演讲的要点记下来。 3.Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519),Michelangelo (1475-1564),and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio􀆳s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. 在乔托和马萨乔创新的基础上,莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452年—1519年)、米开朗琪罗(1475年—1564年)和拉斐尔(1483年—1520年)等颇具影响力的画家创作出了欧洲有史以来最伟大的一些艺术作品。 ◆influential adj. 有很大影响力的;有支配力的 influence vt. 影响;感化 n.影响(力);势力 ①She is one of the most influential figures in local politics. 她是本地政坛最有影响力的人物之一。 ② Global warming has a great influence on the climate around the world. 全球变暖给全世界的气候造成了很大的影响。 ③Under the influence of his tutor, he became interested in physics. 在家教的影响下,他开始对物理产生了兴趣。 ④The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential (influence) when we􀆳re making decisions. 测试表明,当我们做决策时,社会环境是非常有影响力的。 ⑤What the teacher said had a great influence on/upon the boy. 老师的话对男孩有很大的影响。 4.Kings,nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.国王、贵族和地位显赫的人都想购买自己及其所爱之人的精确画像。 ◆rank n. 地位;级别;行列　vt. & vi. 把……分等级;使排成行 ①It is believed that he is a painter of the first rank. 人们认为他是一流的画家。 ②At the height of her career she ranked second in the world. 在她事业的顶峰时期,她排名世界第二位。 ③They rank him as a first⁃class pianist. 他们把他评为一流的钢琴家。 ④He is ranked as one of the greatest pianists of our day. 他被评为当代最伟大的钢琴家之一。 ⑤The boy determined to become a scientist of the first rank like Yuan Longping. 这个男孩决心要成为像袁隆平那样的一流科学家。 ⑥Her team won five medals ranking (rank) third in the medal table. 她的队伍得了五块奖牌,位列奖牌榜第三。 5.From this, Impressionism emerged in France. 于是,印象主义在法国应运而生。 ◆emerge vi. & vt.出现;浮现;暴露 ①The moon emerged from behind the clouds. 月亮从云层后浮现。 ②It emerged that the company was going to be sold. 事已清楚,这家公司准备售出。 ③He emerged as a key figure in the campaign. 他已初露头角,成为这次运动的关键人物。 ④He was excited at the emergence of new evidence. 新证据的出现让他感到兴奋。 ⑤The rain stopped and the sun emerged from behind the clouds. 雨停了,太阳穿云而出。 6.In this work, Monet􀆳s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself. 在这幅作品里,莫奈的目的是传递场景中的光与运动——即场景给予他的主观印象,而非对场景本身的一种具体记录。 ◆convey vt. 表达;传递(思想、感情等);传送 convey sth to sb 向某人表达,传递(思想、感情等) convey sb/sth from ... to ... 把某人/物从……运送到…… ①Pipes convey hot water from the boiler to the radiators. 管道把热水从锅炉输送到暖气片。 ②Please convey my apologies to your wife. 请向你的妻子转达我的歉意。 ③Don􀆳t forget to convey my regards when you see him. 你看见他时,别忘了转达我的问候。 重点句式 It is hard to give a precise definition. 很难给出一个明确的定义。 微点　本句属于“it is+形容词+不定式”句式。其中it是形式主语,动词不定式短语是真正的主语。 用法记牢——熟记it作形式主语常用句型: (1)It is+adj.+for sb to do sth 句式中作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质,如hard, easy, important, difficult, impossible, necessary等。 (2)It is+adj.+of sb to do sth 句式中作表语的形容词用于说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性格、性质等,该句式通常可改为Sb+be+adj.+to do sth,能用于该结构的形容词有:kind, clever, honest, lazy, nice, good, stupid, silly, careful, careless等。 ①It has been a habit for them to have a walk after supper. 晚饭后去散步成了他们的习惯。 ②It is a pity that I can􀆳t go to the amusement park with you. 很遗憾我不能跟你去游乐园了。 ③It is kind of you to lend me a hand when I was in trouble last week. 你真好,上周我有困难时,你伸出援手。 ④It was impossible for them to pick all the apples within twenty minutes. 他们不可能在二十分钟内摘完所有苹果。 ⑤It is clever of you to work out the math problem. 你真聪明,解出了这道数学题。 循环微练 以下练习中加黑体词汇是选择性必修第二册的词汇重现,如有遗忘,请及时回顾。 维度1　单词的正确形式 1.He recalled he made apurchase (购买的东西)in the supermarket and left in a hurry. 2.They are trying to satisfy the needs of their clients. 3.They can􀆳t wait to see the beauty of the sunrise (日出) at the top of the mountain. 4.Please convey (传达) my apologies to your wife for the poor service of the restaurant. 5.He was a generous and noble man who was always willing to help in any way he could. 6.Above all, the scientist made a great breakthrough (突破) in the research of cholera. 7.The new policy had a dramatic influence on the local people􀆳s life. 8.Nobody knows precisely (精确地) how many people are still living in this camp. 维度2　固定搭配和句式 1.Jack is capable of speaking several foreign languages, Chinese in particular(尤其是中文). 2.He is set apart from (与众不同) others by his height. 3.There is a swimming pool in the backyard, as my family are fond of swimming (喜欢游泳). 4.Harbin has a reputation for (以……著称) its bitterly cold winter. 5.The swimmer emerged from (从……冒出) the water and climbed on the raft. 习·综合素养 学语言表达 1.学好词 (1)高级词汇的使用:如第一段第二句中用precise一词形象地告诉我们对于Western art来说,没有明确的定义。 (2)利用恰当的修饰语使表达更具体。 第二段中的“were not interested in, often, In particular”;第三段中的“gradually, breakthrough”和第五段中的“shifted from”的使用,表明新思想取代旧思想是一个逐渐的过程,并取得了重大突破,绘画的主题也从强调宗教向强调人转变;第六段中的“no longer”强调了印象派找到了对待艺术的新方法。 2.学佳句 (1)第一段中的第二句“It is hard to give a precise definition.”和第三句“ ... it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.”都用了“It is+形容词+to do”这一结构,用it作形式主语,避免了句子头重脚轻,并更好地体现了给Western art下定义不容易,也不好对其更好地描述。 (2)第二段中的第五句“While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.”用了while引导的让步状语从句,体现了绘画主题的变化。 学后微练—尝试翻译句子 ①年轻人掌握两门外语是有必要的。 It􀆳s necessary for the young to master two foreign languages.  ②While he was tired, he went on working. 尽管他很累,但他还是继续工作。 学行文结构 　　本文是“总—分”结构,第一段告诉我们想了解西方艺术就要看它几个世纪以来的发展。接下来几段分别按时间顺序讲述了不同时期西方艺术的特点。 文章恰当地使用了并列连词and,转折连词but将各要点串联在一起,使文章成为一个整体。表示转折的词(短语)还有yet, however, on the contrary等。 学后微练—尝试用恰当的连词填空 　　Technological change may also cause disruption, ①but AI is likely to have a bigger impact than anything else since the appearance of computers, ②and its consequences could be far more disruptive. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$