UNIT 2 Section 3 Grammar(教用Word)-【赢在微点·轻松课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section 3　Grammar—名词性从句 课前观察 自主领悟 语法图解 观察句子 ①What we find out from space research is important for us on Earth. ②It􀆳s well⁃known that the ancient Chinese invented the rocket. ③We think it probable that he is dead. ④The teacher showed us the controls of the spacecraft and explained how gravity worked. ⑤They insisted that everyone (should) come to the party. ⑥The proposal that we (should) import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting. ⑦I have no idea when she will be back. ⑧The question remains whether they will be able to help us. ⑨The question is who will take charge of the large conference. 我的领悟 1. 句①②为主语从句,句③④⑤为宾语从句,句⑥⑦为同位语从句,句⑧⑨为表语从句。 2. 句②③⑤⑥中的引导词为连接词,在从句中不作成分;句①⑨中的引导词为连接代词,句④⑦中的引导词为连接副词。 3. 句②③中使用了it作形式主语或形式宾语,而真正的主语或宾语为后置的主语从句或宾语从句。 4. 句⑤中的that可省略,其他句中的that一般不可省略。 5. 句⑤⑥中的从句使用了虚拟语气。 语法课堂 高效学习 一、名词性从句的不同类型 名词性从句是具有名词功能的分句,包括:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 1. 主语从句。 位置:谓语动词之前 ①That you are coming to Shanghai is the best news I have heard this long time. 这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来上海。 ②What matters most in learning English is enough practice. 学习英语最重要的是足够的训练。 ③When they will come hasn􀆳t been made public. 他们来的时间没有公布。 ④It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future. 显而易见,学生应该为他们的未来做好充分准备。 注意　(1)从句的语序:在任何情况下,名词性从句都用陈述语序;(2)主谓一致:单个从句作主语时,主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式;但当what引导主语从句时,若主句的表语为复数形式,主句的谓语动词通常也用复数形式。 2. 宾语从句。 位置:及物动词之后或介词之后 ①We must find out who did all this. 我们必须查明谁做了这个。 ②Tom is a nice boy except that he is sometimes late for school. 汤姆除了有时候上学迟到外,是个很不错的男孩。 ③I find it necessary that we should spend more time practicing spoken English. 我发现花更多时间练习英语口语是必要的。 ④Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 3. 表语从句。 位置:系动词之后 ①The reason is that he missed the early bus. 原因是他错过了早班车。 ②That is where the problem lies. 那就是问题所在。 ③As is known to us, China is no longer what she used to be. 众所周知,中国再也不是从前的样子了。 ④The fact is that people report feeling happier after crying. 事实上,人们流泪后会感觉更快乐。 4. 同位语从句。 位置:常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, doubt等之后 ①They made an official request that the meeting be postponed. 他们已经正式请求将会议推迟。 ②The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved. 我们是否应该继续做实验的问题已经解决了。 ③Where did you get the idea that I couldn􀆳t come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来? 注意　同位语从句与定语从句的结构极其相似,但同位语从句是对前面的表示抽象概念的名词的内容做进一步地解释说明,而定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰、限制。同位语从句常放在feeling, news, doubt, problem, promise, idea等名词后,而定语从句不受此限制。 对比: The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. (同位语从句;that从句是对news内容的具体解释说明;that不作成分) 他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 The news (that) you told me yesterday was really thrilling.(定语从句;that从句对news进行修饰限定;that在从句中作宾语,可省略) 你昨天告诉我的消息真的令人激动。 【小练1】　用适当的连接词填空 ①There are so many good magazines that I don􀆳t know which I should choose. ②It seems that there are people from all over the world living here. ③Pick yourself up. Courage is doing what you􀆳re afraid to do. 二、名词性从句的连接词 名词性从句的常见连接词有:that, whether, what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, when, where, why, how, how many, how much等,根据其在从句中的功能可分为三类: 1. 从句中缺少主语或宾语时,选择以下连接词:what(ever), which(ever), who(ever), whom(ever)。通常情况下,which是在语境中有选择范围才会使用,否则,指事物时使用what(ever)。 ①What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主语从句,what在从句中作主语) 她告诉我,对她来说最重要的是她的家人。 ②I will give the book to whoever needs it.(宾语从句,whoever在从句中作主语) 我要把这本书给真正需要的人。 2. 从句中缺少状语成分,则用when, where, why, how, how many/much等连接词。 ①Some students even have no idea why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.(同位语从句,连接词在从句中作原因状语) 一些学生甚至都不知道为什么学习,所以他们浪费很多时间玩儿。 ②She always thinks of how she can work well. (宾语从句,连接词在从句中作方式状语) 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 3. 从句中既不缺少成分,又语义完整,则用连接词that;缺“是否”的含义则用whether/if。 ①He gave us a suggestion that we should practise speaking English in class. (同位语从句,不缺成分和语义) 他建议我们在课堂上练习说英语。 ②I have no idea whether he will come here to deliver a speech. 我不知道他是否会来这里进行演讲。 【小练2】　用适当的连接词填空 ①Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. ②As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose whichever suits you best. ③There is a question/an argument whether we have enough time to do it. ④What puzzles Lily􀆳s friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas.  三、名词性从句的重点、易错点 1. that与what的误用。 (1)什么原因导致了这次事故仍完全是一个谜。 (×)That caused the accident is still a complete mystery. (√)What caused the accident is still a complete mystery. 分析:主语从句缺少主语,意为“什么”,故用what引导主语从句,并作从句的主语。 (2)在售卖开始之前,我把孩子们下一季需要的东西列了一个清单。 (×)Before the sales start, I make a list of that my kids will need for the coming season. (√)Before the sales start, I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season. 分析:宾语从句中谓语need缺少宾语,且在句中意为“……的事物(东西)”,故用what引导宾语从句,并在从句中作宾语。 注意　that引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在从句中要充当一定的句子成分。试比较: ①It􀆳s a pity that he has made such a mistake. 很遗憾他犯了这样一个错误。 ②I will do what I can (do) to help him. 我将尽力帮他。 【小练3】　选用that/what填空 ①I have no idea what she said at the conference. ②I have no doubt that you are qualified for the position. ③ What she told us was totally wrong. ④He believed that no one could persuade him to give up his ambition. 2. that不可省略的情况。 (1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时,that不可省略。 ①That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed. 他考试不及格,这使他父母很失望。 (2)that引导表语从句或同位语从句时,一般不可省略。 ②The truth is that I didn􀆳t go there. 事实是我没有去那里。 (3)当that引导的从句作介词的宾语时,that通常不能省略。 ③They share little in common except that they are from the same country. 除了来自同一个国家之外,他们几乎没有共同点。 (4)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他的that不可省略。 ④I believe (that) you􀆳ve done your best and that things will get better. 我相信你已经尽力了,而且情况会好起来的。 (5)当it作形式宾语时,在that引导的宾语从句中,that也不可省略。 ⑤He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他不会屈服的,他已经表明了这一点。 (6)当that引导的宾语从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或与从句主语之间有插入语时,that通常不可省略。 ⑥He announced, believe it or not, that he would never forgive her. 信不信由你,他宣布他绝不会原谅她。 3. whether与if的用法。 whether 与if 在作“是否”讲时,在下列情况下一般只能用 whether,不用 if: (1)引导主语从句并在句首时。 (2)引导表语从句和同位语从句时。 (3)引导从句作介词宾语时。 (4)后紧跟“or not”时。 (5)后接动词不定式时。 ①It depends on whether you can do the work well.(从句作介词的宾语) 那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。 ②Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.(主语从句放于句首) 是否要开会仍然是个问题。 ③The problem is whether the meeting will be held.(表语从句) 问题是是否将举行会议。 ④I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.(同位语从句) 我不知道是否将举行会议。 ⑤I don􀆳t care whether he comes or not.(后有or not) 他来不来我都不在乎。 ⑥I don􀆳t know whether to go there.(后接不定式) 我不知道是否该去那里。 【小练4】　选用whether/if填空 ①The question is whether the proposal will be adopted. ②He asked whether/if we would participate with him in the debate. 4. 宾语从句的时态。 (1)主句的谓语动词如果是一般现在时或一般将来时,从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。 ①He says that he studies at school from Monday to Friday. 他说他从周一至周五都在学校学习。 (2)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,从句的谓语动词通常用相应的过去时。 ②The boy said that they would go to Shanghai. 那个男孩说他们要去上海。 ③My mother asked me if I was reading the book Gone with the Wind. 妈妈问我是否在读《乱世佳人》这本书。 (3)如果从句表示客观事实或真理,不管主句的谓语动词是何种时态,从句都要用一般现在时。 ④As a child, I was told that the moon has no light of its own. 孩提时,人们告诉我月亮自身不会发光。 (4)表示“要求,建议,命令;坚持”的词后跟名词性从句时,从句中的谓语动词用“should+do”,其中should可以省略。 ⑤The boss ordered that the task (should) be completed by noon.(宾语从句) 老板命令(我们)在中午之前完成任务。 ⑥The doctor􀆳s advice is that I (should) rest more and drink more.(表语从句) 医生建议我多休息、多喝水。 ⑦It was proposed that this matter (should) be discussed at the next meeting.(主语从句) 有人提议这事在下次会议上讨论。 ⑧The boss refused the demand that she (should) do the work alone.(同位语从句) 老板拒绝了她单独做那项工作的请求。 【小练5】　用正确的动词形式填空 ①He said he would graduate (graduate) the next month.  ②The doctor insisted that the patient (should) be operated(operate) on as soon as possible.  ③The teacher told them that the earth is (be) round. 5. it作形式主语和形式宾语的情况。 (1)it作形式宾语的宾语从句。 a. 一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有:find, feel, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。 ①He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. 他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。 b. hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等,常用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。 ②I shall see to it that he will be taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候,我会确保把他照顾好。 (2)用it作形式主语的常用句型。 ①It+系动词+形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)+that从句; ②It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that从句; ③It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)+that从句; ④It+特殊动词(seems, appears, happens, matters)+that从句。 It is a pity that I missed the party held last night. 很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。 It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness. 据报道,该事故源于(司机的)粗心(驾驶)。 语法微练 　 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether/if she could do so remotely; about three⁃quarters of the time, they agreed. 2. It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 3. One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. 4. What struck me most in the movie was the father􀆳s deep love for his son. 5. The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. 6. He is ill. That􀆳s why he is absent from school. 7. Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. 8. By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived. 9. We haven􀆳t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation this year. 10. It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. Ⅱ.完成句子 1. What we need now (我们现在需要的) is more water.  2. That English is important (英语很重要) is an undoubted fact.  3. I believe (that) he can finish the task on time (他能按时完成这项任务).  4. Our country has experienced great changes and it is no longer what it used to be (以前的样子).  5. It sounds as if someone is knocking at the window  (似乎有人在敲窗户). 6. People have no idea what happened on the plane (飞机上发生了什么事情) during the crash.  7. The news came that (消息传来) my cousin was chosen chairman of the Student Union.  8. Actually, whoever works hard (任何努力工作的人) can be whatever they want to be.  9. Could you tell me whether/if it snows (是否下雪) in Australia?  10. The fact that he didn􀆳t say anything at the meeting (他在会上什么也没说) surprised everybody.  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$