小练(3) UNIT 1 Section 4(教用Word)-【赢在微点·轻松课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

小练(三)　UNIT 1　Section 4 三维度夯实基础 　 维度1　词形转换 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1.My 　　　　(think) always lags behind reality.  答案与解析　thinking　句意:我的思想总是落后于现实。My是形容词性物主代词,后接名词,故填thinking。 2.Peas and beans are a good source of vegetable 　　　　(protein).  答案与解析　protein　句意:豌豆和豆荚是植物蛋白质的大好来源。protein “蛋白质”,不可数名词。 3.One of the main 　　　　(finding) of the survey was the confusion about the facilities already in place.  答案与解析　findings　句意:这项调查的一个主要发现就是对于那些已经到位的设备搞不清楚。one+of+可数名词复数,故填findings。 4.A 　　　　(shadow) passed over the kind face of the old woman.   答案与解析　shadow　句意:一道阴影掠过老太太慈祥的面孔。a shadow“一道阴影”。 5.They would have killed him if he had not 　　　　(defend) himself.  答案与解析　defended　考查if引导的虚拟条件句,与过去事实相反,故从句用had done。 6.My parents never thought I was 　　　　(gift).  答案与解析　gifted　句意:我父母从不认为我有天赋。be动词后接形容词作表语。 7.We introduce several new terms and 　　　　(concept).  答案与解析　concepts　根据“several new terms and 　　　　”结构可知,and前后形式一致,故填concepts。  维度2　固定用法和常考句式 用1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1.I come down 　　　　flu and am unable to go to work.  答案与解析　with　考查固定结构。 come down with “患病”。 2.He is 　　　　charge of the school work.  答案与解析　in　考查固定结构。in charge of “负责”。 3.He does well in all his subjects, but above 　　　　, in maths.  答案与解析　all　考查固定结构。above all “最重要的是;尤其是”。 4.The coffee is 　　　　hot that I can􀆳t drink it now.  答案与解析　so　句意:咖啡很热以至于我现在不敢喝。so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”。 5.The injured workers 　　　　(be) rushed to hospital after the accident happened.  答案与解析　were　The injured workers作主语,谓语动词用复数,再根据从句中的happened可知应用一般过去时。 6.The question is 　　　　it is worth doing.  答案与解析　whether　设空是表语从句的引导词,从句不缺成分,但缺少“是否”含义,故填whether。 维度3　语法填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　A heart⁃warming letter 　1　 (write) by Yuan Longping has caught international attention as the world is mourning (哀悼) over his passing away. At the age of 80, Yuan wrote the letter in memory of his late mother, Hua Jing, and many are 　2　 (deep) touched by its sincerity.  In the letter named “The Rice is Ripe, Mom”, Yuan 　3　 (look) back to the old days with his mother in Anjiang Town in Hunan Province, where his mother was buried. “Mom, the rice is ripe. Can you smell it? After 　4　 seemed to be so many years, I can still hear your laugh 　5　 (ring) in Anjiang. I can still see my son holding your hands to help you walk through the 　6　 (entirely) rice field,” he wrote.  Born in a wealthy family in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, Hua was well⁃educated and open⁃minded. She taught Yuan English and the thoughts of Nietzsche (尼采) when he was very young. Having never worked in the fields, Hua moved to Anjiang 　7　 (support) her son􀆳s research.  “Mom, the rice is ripe and I come back to Anjiang to see you. Every time I was able to deliver 　8　 speech to the audience from around the world or take a prize in my study, I always thought of you and your 　9　 (devote). You made me who I am. People say I􀆳ve changed the world with one tiny rice seed, but I know you had planted the seed 　10　 me when I was still a little boy, Mom.”  答案与解析　 　　【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。是水稻之父袁隆平写给母亲的信的内容。 好词　①in memory of为了纪念……;②sincerity n. 真诚;③well⁃educated adj. 受过良好教育的 1.written　考查非谓语动词。句意:在全世界哀悼袁隆平逝世之际,他写的一封暖心的信引起了国际关注。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语has caught,设空处应填非谓语动词形式,其逻辑主语为letter,二者之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填written。 2.deeply　考查副词。句意:为了纪念他已故的母亲华静,袁隆平80岁时写这封信,许多人被其真诚深深打动。分析句子可知,设空处在句中修饰动词,应用副词。故填deeply。 3.looked　考查动词时态。句意:在这封名为《妈妈,稻谷熟了》的信中,袁隆平回忆了他和母亲在湖南安江镇的日子,他的母亲就葬在那里。分析句子可知,设空处在句中作谓语,应用动词,主语为Yuan,二者之间为主动关系,应用主动语态;结合上下文可知,这封信是袁隆平在80岁时写的,是过去发生的事,应用一般过去时。故填looked。 4.what　考查宾语从句。句意:似乎过了这么多年,我仍能听到你的笑声响遍安江。分析句子可知,设空处在句中引导宾语从句,从句缺主语,表示物,应用what引导。故填what。 5.ringing　考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词,设空处作非谓语,其逻辑主语为laugh,二者之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式作宾补。故填ringing。 6.entire　考查形容词。句意:我还记得我儿子牵着你的手,帮你走过整片稻田的情景。分析句子可知,设空处在句中修饰后面的名词field,应用形容词。故填entire。 7.to support　考查非谓语动词。句意:华静从未下过地,为了支持儿子的研究,她搬到了安江。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词,设空处作非谓语,根据句意可知,此处指为了支持儿子的研究,表示目的,应用不定式。故填to support。 8.a　考查冠词。句意:每当我能够向来自世界各地的听众发表演讲,或者我的研究获奖时,我都会想起您和您的奉献。设空处在句中限定后面的名词speech,此处泛指一场演讲,应用不定冠词a。故填a。 9.devotion　考查名词。句意同上。设空处在句中作宾语,应用名词,devote的名词形式为devotion。故填devotion。 10.in　考查介词。句意:人们说我用一颗小小的水稻种子就改变了世界,但我知道,当我还是个小男孩的时候,是您把那颗种子种在我心里的,妈妈。根据句意可知,此处表示“把种子种在了我的心里”,应用介词in。故填in。 全方位提能语篇 阅读理解　A　体裁:说明文　主题语境:健康　难度:★★☆☆☆ 　 　　Nowadays, people all over the world have various ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over⁃the⁃counter (非处方的) medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies (治疗) like herbal tea or chicken soup. However, here is the tough truth about the common cold:nothing really cures it. Then why do people sometimes still believe that their remedies work? According to James Taylor, a professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it􀆳s easy to believe it􀆳s medicine rather than time that deserves to be praised, USA Today reported. To many of us, it still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something as common as a cold. Recently, scientists came closer to figuring out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral (抗病毒的) drugs work. They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw (拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3⁃D model to study its surface before they can develop an antiviral drug that is effective enough. The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus (鼻病毒) A and B. But they didn􀆳t find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C, until 2006. All three of them lead to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B don􀆳t work well when used against C. “This accounts for most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinovirus,” study leader Professor Ann Palmenberg at University of Wisconsin⁃Madison, US, told Science Daily. Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly⁃detailed 3⁃D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses. With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don􀆳t really work. 　　【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。如今,世界各地的人们都有不同的方法来对付感冒。一些人服用阿司匹林等非处方药,而另一些人则尝试草药茶或鸡汤等流行的家庭疗法。然而,关于普通感冒有一个残酷的事实:没有什么能真正治愈它。 好词　①common cold普通感冒;伤风; ②structure n.结构;构造; 构体 1.What does the author think of popular remedies for curing a common cold? A. They are really quite effective. B. They are slightly helpful. C. They still need to be improved. D. They actually don􀆳t work. 答案与解析　D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However, here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.”(然而,关于普通感冒有一个残酷的事实:没有什么能真正治愈它。)可知,作者认为治疗普通感冒的流行疗法实际上不起作用。故选D。 2.How do antiviral drugs work? A. By identifying the viruses and breaking them up directly. B. By reshaping the top layers of the target cold viruses. C. By attacking the viruses one after another like finishing a jigsaw. D. By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time. 答案与解析　B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus.”(它们通过附着和改变病毒的表面结构来攻击病毒。)可知,抗病毒药物通过重塑目标感冒病毒的顶层发挥作用。故选B。 3.What can we infer from the passage? A. The surface of cold viruses looks quite similar. B. Scientists have already found a cure for the common cold. C. Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure. D. Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently. 答案与解析　C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw (拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3⁃D model to study its surface before they can develop an antiviral drug that is effective enough.”(要做到这一点,这种药物必须像拼图游戏的正确部分一样与病毒相匹配并锁定病毒,这意味着科学家必须先识别出病毒并建立一个三维模型来研究其表面,然后才能开发出足够有效的抗病毒药物。)以及倒数第二段“Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly⁃detailed 3⁃D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses.”(如今,在鼻病毒C被发现10多年后,科学家们终于建立了一个高度详细的病毒三维模型,表明病毒的表面与预期的不同,不同于其他感冒病毒。)可推知,了解感冒病毒的结构是开发有效治疗药物的关键。故选C。 4.What is the best title for this passage? A. Drugs against Cold Viruses B. Helpful Home Remedies C. No Current Cure for Common Cold D. Research on Cold Viruses 答案与解析　C　标题归纳题。根据第一段“Nowadays, people all over the world have various ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over⁃the⁃counter (非处方的) medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies (治疗) like herbal tea or chicken soup. However, here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it. ”(如今,世界各地的人们都有不同的方法来对付感冒。一些人服用阿司匹林等非处方药,而另一些人则尝试草药茶或鸡汤等流行的家庭疗法。然而,关于普通感冒有一个残酷的事实:没有什么能真正治愈它。)以及文章主要内容可知,本文主要围绕着“目前还没有治疗普通感冒的方法”展开。故选C。 B　体裁:说明文　主题语境:科技发展　难度:★★★☆☆ 　　When it comes to modern communication, security is a big concern. It seems like we􀆳re forever hearing about hackers leaking emails, passwords and other important personal information. But thanks to a breakthrough by Chinese scientists, who won the 2018 Newcomb Cleveland Prize in February 2019, we may soon never have to worry about our data again. With the cutting⁃edge technology, a revolutionary satellite called Micius makes the information sent and received safer than ever. So what exactly makes the information sent to and from Micius so secure? Micius is the first satellite of its kind to use quantum key distribution (量子密匙分发), which uses particles (粒子) that transmit (传输) light to deliver information from one point to another. Currently, it can communicate with two base stations, both of which are located high up in the mountains in two different areas of Tibet, around 1,200 kilometers apart. Data is sent between the satellite and one of the base stations in the form of a ray of light. This makes it almost impossible for data sent and received using quantum satellite technology to be stolen, as the connection will be broken if someone tries to hack it. “Any eavesdropper (偷听者) on the quantum channel attempting to gain information can be found by the communicating users,” the scientists wrote in the paper. However, the technology does have a few limitations. For example, the process only works at night, as the information isn􀆳t able to pass through sunlight. And there􀆳s currently only a 10⁃minute window each day during which Micius can communicate with each of the base stations, according to Xinhua. This is because the satellite and the base station need to be close enough to each other for the information to successfully make it to and from outer space. Despite these small issues, the scientific community across the world has reacted positively to China􀆳s achievements in this groundbreaking project. “This Chinese experiment is a quite remarkable technological achievement, ” Artur Ekert, a professor of quantum physics at the University of Oxford, told BBC News. And Karl Ziemelis, an editor for Nature, told Xinhua, “It􀆳s a witness to China􀆳s investments (投资) and significant efforts in the physical sciences that this group has been able to push research in practical quantum communication technologies to such an astronomical height.” 　　【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。中国科学家在2019年2月凭借一颗名为“墨子号”的革命性卫星获得了2018年克利夫兰奖。文章同时说明了“墨子号”如何确保通信安全及其局限性,以及科学界对中国在这一开创性项目中取得的成就都给予了积极反应。 好词　①revolutionary adj.革命的;彻底变革的;巨变的; ②issue n.重要议题; 争论的问题; (有关某事的) 问题; ③groundbreaking adj. 开创性的;创新的 5.Why is it safe to use quantum key distribution to transfer information? A. The connection will fail if it is hacked. B. It makes the base stations close enough. C. It transfers data too fast for it to be stolen. D. The process often takes place at night. 答案与解析　A　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“This makes it almost impossible for data sent and received using quantum satellite technology to be stolen, as the connection will be broken if someone tries to hack it.”(这使得使用量子卫星技术发送和接收的数据几乎不可能被窃取,因为如果有人试图入侵,连接就会断开。)可知,使用量子密钥分发传输信息很安全,因为如果有人试图入侵,连接就会断开。故选A。 6.According to the text, what􀆳s the attitude of the scientific community towards the satellite Micius? A. It remains unclear whether it will be beneficial or not. B. It is really an impressive technological breakthrough. C. It will promote the investment in quantum⁃related technologies. D. It doesn􀆳t deserve a lot of attention given its limitations. 答案与解析　B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Despite these small issues, the scientific community across the world has reacted positively to China􀆳s achievements in this groundbreaking project.”(尽管存在这些小问题,但世界科学界对中国在这一开创性项目中取得的成就都给予了积极反应。)可知,科学界认为“墨子号”卫星确实是一个令人印象深刻的技术突破。故选B。 7.What is the main idea of the text? A. The latest security problems of modern communication. B. Micius􀆳 effect on the development of modern technology. C. The wide applications of quantum key distribution in data transition. D. How Micius works to ensure secure communication and its limitations. 答案与解析　D　主旨大意题。根据第二段“But thanks to a breakthrough by Chinese scientists, who won the 2018 Newcomb Cleveland Prize in February 2019, we may soon never have to worry about our data again. With the cutting⁃edge technology, a revolutionary satellite called Micius makes the information sent and received safer than ever.”(但由于中国科学家的一项突破,他们在2019年2月获得了2018年克利夫兰奖,我们可能很快就再也不用担心我们的数据了。凭借尖端技术,一颗名为“墨子号”的革命性卫星使发送和接收的信息比以往任何时候都更安全。)以及文章主要内容可推断,本文主要介绍了“墨子号”如何确保通信安全及其局限性。故选D。 书写与写作 　　下面是一篇与杰出人物有关的小短文,请在临摹过程中注意本课时所学语言知识,临摹之后再利用课余时间背诵。 提醒　①每个字母圆润饱满,压线书写;②宜用0.5或0.7 mm中性笔。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$