小练(2) UNIT 1 Section 2(教用Word)-【赢在微点·轻松课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

小练(二)　UNIT 1　Section 2 三维度夯实基础 　 维度1　词形转换 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1.Your behavior is 　　　　(contradict) to the principles you stick to.  答案与解析　contradictory　句意:你的行为和你坚持的原则矛盾。be contradictory to “与……相矛盾”,故填contradictory。 2.Hearing that his application was turned down, he became 　　　　(frustrate).  答案与解析　frustrated　句意:听说他的申请被拒绝了,他变得很沮丧。系动词become后用形容词,故填frustrated。 3.Anyone breaking the law will be 　　　　(severe) punished.  答案与解析　severely　句意:任何破坏法律的人都将受到严厉的惩罚。修饰punished用副词形式,故填severely。 4.He was admitted to hospital with a serious 　　　　(infect).  答案与解析　infection　句意:由于被严重感染,他进了医院。作介词with的宾语用infect的名词形式,故填infection。 5.For me, the most fascinating 　　　　(transform) is when it changes color.  答案与解析　transformation　句意:对我来说最吸引人的转变就是它变颜色的时候。由the限定,在句中作主语用transform的名词形式,故填transformation。 6.She was suspected of 　　　　(betray) her friend.  答案与解析　betraying　句意:她被怀疑背叛了朋友。be suspected of doing sth“被怀疑做了某事”,故填betraying。 维度2　固定用法和常考句式 用1个适当的单词填空。 1.I became interested in playing football thanks 　　　　a small accident.  答案与解析　to　句意:由于一次小意外,我对足球产生了兴趣。thanks to“幸亏;由于”,固定短语。故填 to。 2.This special seat can be transformed 　　　　a bed.  答案与解析　into　句意:这个特殊的座位可以改成一张床。transform...into...“把……变成……”,固定短语。故填into。 3.They decreased the size of the class from 45　　　　30.  答案与解析　to　句意:他们把班里的人数从45减少到了30。decrease from...to...“把……从……减少到……”,固定短语。故填to。 4.Don􀆳t always blame your failure 　　　　others; sometimes you yourself are to blame.  答案与解析　on　句意:不要总是把你的失败归咎于他人;有时你自己应该负责。blame sth on sb“把某事归咎于某人”,固定短语。故填on。 5.Only mad people would subscribe 　　　　such views.  答案与解析　to　句意:只有疯子才会赞成这样的观点。subscribe to“同意;赞同”,固定短语。故填to。 6.Some locals were infected　　　　 the disease and had mild symptoms.  答案与解析　with　句意:有些当地人感染了这种疾病,有轻微的症状。be infected with“感染了……”,固定短语。故填with。 维度3　课文语法填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　Cholera used to be one of the most feared 　1　 (disease) in the world, until a British doctor John Snow 　2　 (show) that it could be overcome. 　3　 general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain 　4　 cholera spread.But Snow subscribed 　5　 the second one. When an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was 　6　 severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. Later, he found the truth 　7　 the water from the Broad Street pump 　8　 (infect) by waste. And the people who drank this water were much more likely 　9　 (get) cholera than those who drank pure 　10　 boiled water.  答案与解析　 1.diseases　句意:霍乱过去是世界上最令人害怕的疾病之一。此处为固定短语“one+of+可数名词复数”,故填diseases。 2.showed　设空在句中作谓语,故用一般过去时。 3.In　考查固定短语。in general “一般说来”。 4.how　句意:一般来说,当时的医生就霍乱是怎么传播的持有两种不同的理论。由句意可知,应填how。 5.to　考查固定结构。subscribe to “订购;同意”。 6.so　句意:斯诺发现有两条街道霍乱尤其严重以至于一天就死了500多人。so ... that “如此……以至于”。 7.that　设空在句中引导同位语从句,但又不作任何成分,故填that。 8.had been infected　设空在句中作谓语;根据上下文可知水被污染发生在found之前,故用过去完成时;水是被污染,所以填had been infected。 9.to get　考查固定用法。 be likely to do “可能做……”。 10.or　根据上下文的逻辑关系,设空表示一种选择。 全方位提能语篇 阅读理解　A　体裁:记叙文　主题语境:人物介绍　难度:★★☆☆☆ 　　Ada Lovelace was born on December 10th 1815. Ada􀆳s mother and father (the famous poet Lord George Gordon Byron) parted just weeks after she was born. Her mother feared her growing up with her father􀆳s changeable nature. To stop this from happening, Ada was forced by her mother to learn science and mathematics which was unusual for women at the time. She was also punished if her work was not up to standard. However, she was greatly interested in mathematics and science and would perhaps have learned about them on her own. Ada was partially disabled and as a result spent much time studying. Ada knew of her mother􀆳s thought about keeping the creative side of her from germinating (萌芽). However, as Ada herself is known to have said, “If you can􀆳t give me poetry at least give me poetical science.” Ada married at 19, to William King who was made Earl of Lovelace in 1838, at which point she became Lady Ada King, the Countess of Lovelace, but was known as Ada Lovelace. Ada and King had a relatively happy marriage, with King even encouraging his wife􀆳s love for numbers.  During her youth Ada was introduced to the Scot, Mary Somerville, who was known as the “Queen of 19th Century Science” and was the first woman to be accepted into the Royal Astronomical Society. It was through Mary Somerville that Ada first heard of Charles Babbage􀆳s idea for a new calculating (计算) engine. Attracted by this idea, Ada began a period of letter⁃writing with him that would come to decide her professional life. Ada met Babbage when she was around 17 and the two became close friends. Babbage was working on an “Analytical Engine”, something he was designing to deal with complex (复杂的) calculations. Ada was later asked to translate an article. She not only translated the article but added pages and pages of notes, calculations and innovations (创新). Her notes were published in 1843 and it turned out that what she had written was so original, it is now seen as the first comprehensive comment on what would become modern⁃day computer programming. Although impressive, Ada was not actually given credit for the article until 1848. 　　【语篇解读】　文章主要介绍了女科学家阿达·洛芙莱斯的主要事迹,展现了她对科学知识的热爱。 好词　①changeable adj. 易变的;无常的;②original adj. 原创的;最初的;③comment n. 评论 1.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean? A. Ada thought poetry was boring. B. Ada thought science was creative. C. Ada was interested in both science and poetry. D. Ada believed poetry was harder than science. 答案与解析　B　词句猜测题。根据第一段可知,阿达的父亲是英国诗人拜伦。她的父母分开之后,她的母亲不愿阿达继承拜伦身上感性、多变的特质,于是她强迫阿达学习数学和科学。对于母亲的想法,阿达了然于心。画线句意为“如果不让我学习诗歌,那么至少让我学习富有诗意的科学”,阿达将 poetry和science进行比较,说明她认为科学如诗歌般具有创造性。故选B。 2.What decided Ada􀆳s professional life? A. Ada was introduced to the Scot, Mary Somerville. B. Somerville􀆳s suggestions. C. Her husband􀆳s encouragement. D. Her communication with Babbage. 答案与解析　D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Attracted by this idea, Ada began a period of letter⁃writing with him that would come to decide her professional life.”可知,阿达与查尔斯·巴贝奇针对科学知识展开的交流在一定程度上决定了阿达以后的职业生涯。故选D。 3.What did Ada do after she met Babbage? A. She taught people how to program. B. She invented an “Analytical Engine”. C. She translated an article and developed it. D. She praised Babbage􀆳s achievements. 答案与解析　C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She not only translated the article but added pages and pages of notes, calculations and innovations (创新).”可知,她不仅翻译了学术文章,并加注了很多自己原创的见解。故选C。 B　体裁:说明文　主题语境:人物事迹　难度:★★☆☆☆ 　 The Alexander Technique Until earlier this year, I didn􀆳t know anything about the Alexander technique—and saw no reason to think I should. One day, the backache I regularly suffered was more painful. I was brought up to think that the preferred way of dealing with aches is to do nothing and hope they􀆳ll go away, but I eventually went to the doctor. After examining me, he said, “You actually have bad posture (姿势). Go off and learn the Alexander technique.” Three months later I could walk straighter and sit better. The Alexander technique is a way of learning how you can get rid of harmful tension in your body. The teaching focuses on the neck, head and back. It trains you to use your body less severely and carry out the movements that we do all the time with less effort. There is little effort in the lessons themselves, which sets apart the Alexander technique from yoga or pilates, which are exercise⁃based. A typical lesson involves standing in front of a chair and learning to sit and stand with minimum effort. You spend some time lying on a bench with your knees bent to straighten the spine (脊椎) and relax your body while the teacher moves your arms and legs to train you to move them correctly. The technique helps to break the bad habits accumulated over years. Try folding your arms the opposite way to normal. This is an example of a habit the body has formed which can be hard to break. Many of us carry our heads too far back. The head weighs four to six kilos, so any inappropriate posture can cause problems for the body. The technique teaches you to let go of the muscles holding the head back, allowing it to go back to its natural place on the top of our spines. So who was Alexander and how did he come up with the technique? Frederick Alexander, an Australian actor born in 1869, found in his youth that he had vocal (声音的) problems during performances. He analyzed himself and realized his posture was bad. He worked on improving it, with excellent results. He brought his technique to London and opened a teacher⁃training school, which is still successful today. So if you􀆳re walking along the road one day with shoulders bent forward, feeling weighed down by your troubles, give a thought to the Alexander technique. It will help you walk tall again. 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亚历山大技巧对于矫正身体的作用以及其发明者。 好词　①technique n. 技巧;技艺;工艺;技术; ②tension n. 对立; (情绪上的)紧张,烦躁; ③severely adv. 严重地;严厉地;严格地 4.What does the author suggest in Paragraph 1? A. She felt no better after the treatment. B. She got bored with the Alexander technique. C. She was sceptical about the doctor􀆳s method. D. She was unwilling to seek treatment for her backache. 答案与解析　D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I was brought up to think that the preferred way of dealing with aches is to do nothing and hope they􀆳ll go away, but I eventually went to the doctor.”可知,作者从小就被灌输这样的思想,处理疼痛的更好办法就是不做任何事情,希望疼痛自行消失,但是却最终不得不去看医生。所以作者看医生是迫不得已,故选D。 5.What can we learn about Frederick Alexander? A. He managed to recover his vocal powers. B. He was eager to make a name for himself. C. He developed a form of exercise for actors. D. He had to leave home to develop his technique. 答案与解析　A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Frederick Alexander, an Australian actor born in 1869, found in his youth that he had vocal (声音的) problems during performances. He analyzed himself and realized his posture was bad. He worked on improving it, with excellent results.”可知,弗雷德里克·亚历山大,一个出生于1869年的澳大利亚演员,在年轻的时候声音出了问题。他做了分析,意识到自己的姿势不正确,因此致力于改善姿势,结果很好。所以他通过矫正姿势,解决了自己的声音问题,故选A。 6.What is the main idea of the passage? A. The occurrence of back pain is widespread. B. Alexander improved the technique to treat body pain. C. The Alexander technique helps overcome posture problems. D. People with back pain are victims of inappropriate postures. 答案与解析　C　主旨大意题。本文介绍了亚历山大技巧对于矫正身体的作用以及其发明者,故选C。 书写与写作 　　下面是一篇与科学家的品质相关的小短文,请在临摹过程中注意本课时所学语言知识,临摹之后再利用课余时间背诵。 提醒　①每个字母圆润饱满,压线书写;②宜用0.5或0.7 mm中性笔。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$