UNIT 1 Section 1 Reading and Thinking—Prereading(教用Word)-【赢在微点·轻松课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 文化意识　1. 了解古今中外著名科学家的重要科学成就,性格特点,人格魅力,深刻体会科学精神的内涵。 2. 了解中国科技发展的伟大成就,增强民族自豪感,提升文化自信。 3. 坚定刻苦学习的决心和毅力,学习科学家们的钻研精神,努力掌握文化知识,将来为祖国发展献出自己的一分力量。 学习能力　1. 通过学习课文了解约翰·斯诺攻克霍乱的过程,掌握科学研究的基本步骤。 2. 通过阅读其他科学家的科学事迹,探索科学研究发现的规律和特点。 ■知识先知 severe; proof; suspect; blame; handle; link; decrease; transform; initial; pour; defend; gifted; besides; fault; shift once and for all; subscribe to; thanks to;break out;in charge of;come down;above all ①so...that...句式 ②one of+名词复数 ◆表语从句 ◆写一篇关于科学家精神的短文 ■画里有话玛丽·安宁(1799—1846)是一位英国早期的化石收集者与古生物学家,她的三次重要发现为早期的古生物学作出了很大贡献。 Women have been making ①scientific(science)discoveries since ancient times. Dozens of women have won the Nobel Prize, one of the highest honors in the world. Some women scientists never married, some worked with their husbands, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists. In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women ②recognized(recognize)for her discoveries of the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils (化石) in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that ③have been saved(save) in rocks for millions of years. When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person ④to find (find) the almost complete skeletons (骨架) of several animals that no longer existed on earth. She didn􀆳t become famous ⑤for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.  UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Section 1　Reading and Thinking—Prereading 阳光晨读 微点释疑 原|文|诵|读 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” Cholera① used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe② diarrhoea③, dehydration④, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated⑤ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑥. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory⑦ theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection⑧ from germs⑨ in food or water. Snow subscribed to⑩ the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 　　Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. 　　The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through Snow􀆳s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. 微|点|清|障 ①cholera /̍kɒlərə/ n.霍乱 ②severe /sɪ̍vɪə(r)/ adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的 ③diarrhoea /̩daɪə̍rɪə/ n.腹泻 ④dehydration /̩diːhaɪ̍dreɪʃn/ n.脱水 ⑤frustrated /frʌ̍streɪtɪd/ adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的 ⑥once and for all 最终地;彻底地 ⑦contradictory /̩kɒntrə̍dɪktəri/ adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的 ⑧infection /ɪn̍fekʃn/ n.感染;传染 infect /ɪn̍fekt/ vt. 使感染;传染 ⑨germ /dʒɜːm/ n.微生物;细菌;病菌 ⑩subscribe /səb̍skraɪb/ vi. 认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费) subscribe to 同意;赞同 proof /pruːf/ n. 证据;证明;检验 so... that 如此……以至于 multiple /̍mʌltɪpl/ adj. 数量多的;多种多样的 pump /pʌmp/ n. 泵;抽水机;打气筒 water pump 水泵 household /̍haʊshəʊld/ n. 一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人 suspect /sə̍spekt/ vt. & vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 /̍sʌspekt/ n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象 blame /bleɪm/ vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责　n. 责备;指责 handle /̍hændl/ n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) intervention /̩ɪntə̍venʃn/ n.介入;出面;干涉 link /lɪŋk/ n.联系;纽带　vt.把……连接起来;相关联 raw /rɔː/ adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的 pure /pjʊə(r)/ adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的 substantial /səb̍stænʃl/ adj. 大量的;价值巨大的;重大的 decrease /̍diːkriːs/ n. 减少;降低;减少量 /dɪ̍kriːs/ vt. & vi. (使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低 thanks to 幸亏;由于 statistic /stə̍tɪstɪk/ n.[pl.]统计数字;统计资料;统计学 transform /træns̍fɔːm/ vt.使改观;使改变形态　vi.改变;转变 epidemiology /̩epɪ̩diːmi̍ɒlədʒi/ n.流行病学 约翰·斯诺打败“霍乱王” 霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一,直到英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何战胜它。这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水,甚至死亡。19世纪初,欧洲暴发霍乱,数百万人死于这种疾病。作为一名年轻的医生,约翰·斯诺变得灰心丧气,因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。后来,他成了一名著名的医生,甚至在维多利亚女王生产的时候为她助产。然而,他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。 一般来说,当时的医生对霍乱的传播有两种相互矛盾的解释。一种理论是,糟糕的空气会导致疾病。另一种观点认为霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。斯诺赞成第二种理论。这种理论是对的,但他仍然需要证据。因此,当1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时,斯诺开始调查。他发现在两条特定的街道上,霍乱爆发如此严重,以至于在10天内有500多人死亡。他决心找出原因。 　　斯诺首先在地图上标出了所有死去的人曾经生活过的确切地点。布罗德街的水泵附近有多人死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号和40号的房子)。然而,一些家庭(如布罗德街20号和21号,剑桥街8号和9号)没有人死亡。这些人在剑桥街7号的酒吧里工作。他们得到了免费的啤酒,所以没有喝到水泵里的水。斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。此外,在伦敦的另一个地方,一位妇女和她的女儿从布罗德街搬走后死于霍乱。这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水,以至于她每天都让人把水送到她家。根据这一证据,约翰·斯诺能够宣布水泵里的水携带了霍乱细菌。因此,他把水泵的把手拿掉了,这样水泵就不能用了。通过这种干预,阻止了疾病的蔓延。 　　事实上,布罗德街上的水泵里的水已经被废物污染了。此外,斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。一些公司出售泰晤士河的水,这些水被未经处理的废物污染了。喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。 通过斯诺的不懈努力,自来水公司开始销售清洁水,霍乱的威胁在世界范围内大幅下降。然而,霍乱仍然是一个问题。每年,世界各地有数百万人感染霍乱,许多人因此死亡。幸运的是,由于约翰·斯诺的工作,我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。此外,斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此,斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。 语篇理解 读思练通 　 Step 1　Careful reading 　　Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions. 1.We know from the text that John Snow 　　　　.  A. had collected information before cholera broke out B. didn􀆳t feel quite sure after he finished the map C. helped the woman from Broad Street D. became famous after defeating cholera 答案　B 2.Why did John Snow use a map in his research? A. It could help him find exactly how many people died of cholera. B. It could help him find the source of drinking water for people. C. It could help him organize his ideas and find evidence. D. It could help him find his way in Broad Street. 答案　B 3.At last, “King Cholera” was controlled by 　　　　.  A. using medicines in hospitals B. driving patients out of the country C. dealing with the polluted water D. getting rid of all kinds of pollution 答案　C Step 2　Post reading 　　Summary writing—Below is the summary of the passage with some contents missing. Choose the right contents from the box to make the summary complete. needed proof, substantial decrease, contradictory theories, once and for all, on a map, subscribed to, water pump 　　Doctors had two ①contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. And Snow ②subscribed to the second one—cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. It was correct, but he still ③needed proof. So he began by marking ④on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. Snow suspected that the ⑤water pump was to blame. ⑥Once and for all, through Snow􀆳s tireless efforts, the threat of cholera around the world saw a ⑦substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent it.  Step 3　Study reading 　　Analyze the following sentence in the text that may be difficult to understand. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 【尝试分析】 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$