专题07 名词、介词、代词、冠词和数词-备战2025年中考必考题型考前专项突破(名校最新模拟+真题演练)

2025-03-12
| 2份
| 86页
| 397人阅读
| 12人下载
Love英语
进店逛逛

资源信息

学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 题集-专项训练
知识点 名词,代词,数词,介词,冠词
使用场景 中考复习-二轮专题
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 317 KB
发布时间 2025-03-12
更新时间 2025-03-12
作者 Love英语
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-03-12
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/50951080.html
价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

内容正文:

备战2025年中考必考题型考前专项突破 专题07 名词、介词、代词、冠词和数词 考点一 名词 考向一 考查名词词义辨析 名词词义辨析主要在完形填空中考查。除根据语境进行意义辨析外,名词词义辨析的选项有一些特有的规律及考法。如:同类名词辨析,近义名词辨析,形近名词辨析,以及通过构词法v.+-r/-er推导出的名词词义辨析等。所以考生在平时的学习中,应多积累相关词汇,才能在做完形填空题时游刃有余。 中考常考形似/同根名词汇总 (1)以-tion/-sion结尾的名词 attention 注意  celebration 庆祝  communication 交流 comparision 比较  competition 比赛 completion 完成  condition 状况 connection 联系 consideration 考虑 conversation 谈话 creation 创造  decision 决定 description 描述 direction 方向  discussion 讨论 education 教育 explanation 解释 expression 表达  imagination 想象  information 信息 instruction 指导 introduction 介绍  invention 发明  pollution 污染  population 人口 preparation 准备 production 生产 pronunciation 发音 question 问题 reception 接待仪式 satisfaction 满意 situation 情况 solution 解决方法 suggestion 建议  translation 翻译 (2)以-ce结尾的名词 appearance 出现 balance 平衡 chance 机会 choice 选择 confidence 信心  convenience 便利 dependence 依靠  difference 差别 entrance 入口 experience 经历,经验 importance 重要性 influence 影响 patience 耐心 performance 表演 presence 出现 silence 沉默 (3)以-ment结尾的名词 achievement 成就 advertisement 广告 agreement 同意 development 发展  encouragement 鼓励 environment 环境 government 政府  instrument 器械  management 管理 punishment 惩罚  requirement 需要 treatment 对待 (4)以-ness结尾的名词 awareness 意识  business 生意 darkness 黑暗  fairness 公正性 happiness 幸福  illness 疾病 kindness 善良  laziness 懒惰  politeness 礼貌 sadness 难过 shyness 害羞  sickness 疾病 thickness 厚(度)  tiredness 疲劳  weakness 虚弱,弱点 (5)形容词/动词+-y合成的名词:difficulty 困难 discovery 发现 (6)名词+-ship合成的名词:friendship 友谊 relationship 关系 在中考中,对于名词的考查多集中在具体语言环境下名词词义辨析上,综合这几年中考真题,总结一些常考的名词。具体如下 首字母 中考高频名词 A ability能力;advice建议;attention注意;background背景;athlete运动员action行动;activity活动 ;address地址;advertisement广告;advantage优势 B break间歇:休息;balance平衡;bottom底部;business商业,生意 C cause原因;custom风俗;courage勇气;care照顾,关心;communication交流,通信condition条件,状况;culture文化;challenge挑战;chance机会;change变化,零钱choice选择collection收集物;contribution贡献 ;competition比赛:竞争 D degree学位,度数,程度;danger危险;description描述;direction说明;方向;difficulty困难;development发展;difference不同; discovery发现;director导演:负责人;decision决定;design设计;discussion讨论;duty责任;义务;distance距离 E education教育;★effort努力;expression表达;★fear害怕,恐惧;exhibition展览 energy能量;精力;experiment实验;excuse借口;environment环境;experience经验:经历 example实例,样品;explanation解释;说明;exercise练习 F fact事实 ;fight战斗;force力,力量;fun乐趣;feeling感觉;field田野,场地,领域 ★form形式,类型;friendship友谊;future未来 H habit 习惯;hobby 业余爱好; honour荣誉; health 健康;hope 希望 I information 信息; idea 想法,主意; interest 兴趣;importance 重要性;invention 发明 interview 面试;访谈;influence 影响(力); instruction指示,命令; invitation 邀请 instrument器械,仪器; introduction介绍 J job 工作, 职业; joke 笑话, 玩笑; journey(尤指长途)旅行, 行程 K knowledge 知识 L language 语言;laughter 笑, 笑声; lesson 课程, 教训;level 水平; life(pl.lives)生活,生命; list名单,清单;luck 幸运,运气 M meaning 意义, 意思; member 成员;mess杂乱; mood心情;message 消息; method 方法; mind 头脑,心智;material 材料 N nature 自然; news 新闻; note 笔记;notice通知;number 号码;数字; noise 噪音; O offer 提议,出价; opinion意见,看法; opportunity机会;organization 机构, 组织 ;object物体,物品 ;order命令 P pain 痛苦, 疼痛; patience 耐心;peace和平; protection保护; praise表扬; patient病人; progress 进步;problem 问题; promise 承诺; pride 骄傲; pity 遗憾;pleasure 高兴, 愉快; present 现在,礼物; price价格;program 节目; purpose目的 R reason 理由;原因; relation 关系; result结果; report 报告; research研究,调查; regret遗憾,懊悔; relationship关系; reply 回复; rule 规则 S service 服务; shape 形状;外形; stranger陌生人; safety安全; saying格言; secret秘密; sight视力,景象; style样式,款式; support 支持; sign标志; silence 沉默;skill技艺,技巧;success成功; suggestion建议; sense感觉; situation 情况; system 系统; square 广场;surface 表面; space太空,空间 T technology 技术; tourist 游客; tradition 传统; traffic 车辆,交通; trouble 困难; task 任务;taste 味觉,品味;temperature 温度;trade 贸易; treat款待,招待; truth实情;thought 思想, 思考; treasure 珠宝; transport 交通运输 V voice嗓音; volunteer 志愿者; value价值;victory 胜利 W waste 浪费,废品; way方式,道路; wealth财富; weight重量; wish愿望,祝愿 ;worry担心,担忧 考向二 考查可数名词单数形式 当设空处前有a/an, each等词时,可判断出设空处表示“一个”的含义,此时需填可数名词单数形式。其他修饰可数名词单数的词有one, this, that, every, another, either, any other, 序数词等。此外,在一些固定搭配中,需填可数名词单数,如next door在隔壁。 考向三 考查可数名词复数形式 ①one of the + 形容词最高级后,填可数名词复数; ②设空处前有大于1的数词时,考虑填可数名词复数; ③设空处前有只能修饰可数名词复数的限定词如few, a few, many, several, a great many,a great/good/large number of, the number of, 及quite a few等出现时,考虑填可数名词复数。 1.可数名词变复数的规则变化: 规则 例词 ①一般情况下加-s desk→desks, face→faces ②以元音字母加-y或-o结尾,加-s boy→boys, toy→toys, radio→radios, zoo→zoos ③以辅音字母加-y结尾,变-y为-i,再加-es baby→babies, story→stories ④以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾加-es bus→buses, box→boxes, brush→brushes, watch→watches 特例:stomach→stomachs ⑤以字母-f/-fe结尾,变-f/-fe为-v,再加-es wolf→wolves, knife→knives [助记:妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌,躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。] ⑥以辅音字母加-o结尾 有生命的加-es:tomato→tomatoes, hero→heroes; 无生命的加-s:photo→photos, piano→pianos 2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化: 规则 例词 ①单复同形 sheep→sheep, deer→deer, fish→fish ②变-a为-e man→men, woman→women, policeman→policemen, postman→postmen,gentleman→gentlemen 【特例】human→humans ③变-oo为-ee foot→feet, tooth→teeth ④其他形式 child→children, mouse→mice 3.“某国人”(中日不变英法变,其余-s加后面): 变man为men:Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen 单复同形:Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese 词尾加-s: German→Germans, American→Americans, Australian→Australians 考向四 考查集合名词 当people含义为“人”时,形式为单数,但意义永远为复数。police用法同people。 集合名词分为两类: 1.形式为单数,意义可分为单数和复数,如family, team, group, class等。当强调整体时,用单数表示;当强调集体中每个成员时,用复数表示。如:My team is a strong one. 我们队很强。My team are all strong players. 我们队的队员都很厉害。 2.形式为单数,意义永远为复数,如people(人), police。不与a/an连用,但可以与定冠词the连用,谓语动词用复数。如:The police are looking for the lost boy in the streets. 警察正在街上寻找失踪的男孩。 【拓展】常以复数形式出现的名词 1.成双成对的名词:trousers, glasses, scissors, chopsticks, shoes, socks等 2.食物类名词:noodles, vegetables, snacks等 3.固定短语中的名词:express thanks to sb., in high spirits, do sports等  注意:当这些常以复数形式出现的名词被量词修饰时,谓语动词与量词的数保持一致。如:These black socks look nice. 这些黑色袜子看起来不错。A pair of black socks is two dollars. 一双黑色袜子2美元。 考向五 考查不可数名词 ①不可数名词不能用数量计算,没有复数形式。 ②不可数名词的量化表达方式。 1.只能修饰不可数名词的词(组)有:little, a little, much, a good/great deal of, a bit of等。 2.既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词(组)有:a lot of, lots of, plenty of, all, some, most, any, no, the rest of等。 3.不可数名词的量化表达方式:数词/冠词+计量名词+of+不可数名词。如:a glass of milk, two bottles of orange juice等。 4.初中阶段常见的不可数名词有: 类别 例词 物质 名词 流体 air空气 water水 beer啤酒 coffee咖啡 oil油 tea茶 juice 饮料 wine酒 soup 汤 porridge粥 ink 墨水 颗粒 rice大米 salt盐 dust灰尘 stone石头 sand沙 flour面粉 dirt尘土 自然 rain雨水 snow雪 wind风 fog雾 食物 meat肉 beef牛肉 mutton羊肉 bread面包 抽象 名词 学科 mathematics/maths数学 physics物理 politics政治 geography地理 chemistry化学 biology生物 history历史 概念 advice建议 information信息 news消息/信息 knowledge知识 情感 fear害怕/畏惧 happiness幸福 hope希望 kindness 善良 pity同情 【拓展】有些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,但两种形式的意义不同,如: 单词 可数名词意义 不可数名词意义 单词 可数名词意义 不可数名词意义 chicken 鸡 鸡肉 orange 橙子;柑橘 橙汁 fish 鱼(种类) 鱼肉 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 life 生命 生活 paper 报纸;试卷;论文 纸 room 房间 空间 time 次数;倍数 时间 work 作品 工作 interest 业余爱好 (2020.58) 兴趣;关注;趣味; 利息 experience 经历 经验 wood 树林 木材 考向六 考查名词所有格 名词所有格表示名词之间的所属关系,即某物或某人是“谁的”。 1.-’s所有格 适用 规则 例词 一般用于表示有生命的名词所有格 ①以s结尾加’ the teachers’ office 教师办公室 ②不以s结尾加’s my dad’s pen 我爸爸的钢笔 ③不规则复数名词加’s Children’s Day 儿童节 Women’s Day 妇女节 用and连接两个并列的单数名词 ①表示共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加’s Tony and Jim’s dad 托尼和吉姆的爸爸 ②表示各自拥有,在两个名词后都加’s Tony’s and Jim’s desks 托尼的书桌和吉姆的书桌 有些表示时间、距离、重量、国家、城镇、团体、机构等无生命的名词后,也可加“’s”构成所有格 ①单数加’s China’s development 中国的发展 a pound’s weight 一磅的重量 ②复数或以s结尾加’ two hours’ walk 步行两小时的路程 The cinema is 15 minutes’ drive from my home. 从我家到电影院开车要15分钟。 注意:不定代词与else连用时,表示所有格的’s应加在else之后。如:someone else’s book 某人的书 2.of所有格 (1)一般来说,表示无生命事物的名词的所有关系。如: The windows of the house face the sea. 这栋房子的窗户朝着大海。 (2)有时也表示人和其他有生命事物的名词的所有关系。如: When in trouble, I will take the advice of my parents. 遇到麻烦时,我通常采纳我父母的建议。 (3)地名、交通工具名以及与人的活动有关的表示无生命事物的名词可用of短语所有格,也可用-’s所有格。如:the future of China/China’s future 中国的未来 3.双重所有格 of+名词’s:a friend of my mom’s 我母亲的一个朋友 of+名词性物主代词: a book of hers 她的一本书 名校最新模拟 1.(2025·江苏连云港·模拟预测)There is wide _______ that health is much more important than wealth. A.application B.announcement C.achievement D.agreement 2.(2025·吉林松原·一模)What surprises the world most is that China’s space technology has reached a new ________ . A.place B.energy C.height 3.(2025·辽宁·模拟预测)—What do you call your father’s sisters? —________. A.Uncles B.Cousins C.Aunts D.Parents 4.(2025·江西·一模)David was very lucky because his hobby brought him ________ and success. A.pressure B.pleasure C.shyness D.sadness 5.(2025·陕西西安·二模)A group of ________ are having a great time ________ Shaanxi History Museum now. A.visitors; visit B.visitors; visiting C.visitor; visit D.visitor; visiting 6.(2025·陕西西安·二模)I live a healthy life. I often have ________ and ________ for lunch. A.fish; eggs B.fishes; egg C.chickens; carrots D.chicken; carrot 7.(2025·江苏南通·一模)I like the taste of ________ in my drink. A.lemon B.burn C.expect D.deep 8.(2024·广东珠海·模拟预测)The artist ________ day and night and many of his art pieces are famous ________. A.work, works B.works, works C.works, work D.work, work 9.(2024·江苏南通·模拟预测)—It’s said that the two ________doctors have just come back from Shanghai. —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________. A.woman; forty B.women; fortieth C.women; forties D.woman; forties 10.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模)Her mother bought ________ for her. A.two pair of shoe B.two pair of shoes C.two pairs of shoes 11.(2024·河北邢台·三模)Tom is very helpful and often gives me ________ on how to improve my Math. A.an advice B.some advice C.some suggestion D.advise 12.(2024·河北承德·二模)I was told that two ________ teachers would teach us English and chemistry next term. A.woman B.women C.woman’s D.women’s 13.(2024·吉林松原·二模)Would you please show the way to the ________ shop? A.shoe’s B.shoes C.shoes’ D.shoe 14.(2024·西藏日喀则·一模)It’s easy to travel from Nyingchi to Lhasa by taking the high-speed railway. It’s only________. A.four hours’ ride B.four hour’s ride C.four hours ride D.four-hours ride 15.(2024·甘肃武威·三模)—What will you do after your _________ from senior high school, Tim? —Well, I'll go to college. A.graduate B.graduates C.graduated D.graduation 16.(2024·上海金山·二模)This article offers much useful ________ on how to lose weight and keep healthy. A.topic B.tip C.suggestion D.information 17.(2024·四川广元·二模)—Would you like something to eat? —Yes, I’d like some ________. A.apple B.milk C.bread D.water 18.(2024·安徽亳州·模拟预测)—When I do something good, my parents will give me some ________. —That’s really a good way to give encouragement. A.praise B.pity C.worries D.stress 19.(2024·上海·模拟预测)This summer vacation, I am going to make ________ for my senior high school. A.operations B.suggestions C.inventions D.preparations 20.(2024·安徽亳州·模拟预测)—I heard you changed your mind the last minute. —What Ms. Green said did the ________. A.role B.good C.work D.trick 真题演练 21.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)—I don’t know what to write about the four great classical Chinese novels. —You’d better read ________ first and then organize your own ideas. A.reviews B.reasons C.results D.rewards 22.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)We call the Earth “Blue ________” because the ocean covers about 71 percent of it. A.Sky B.Water C.Planet D.Mountain 23.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)The body language on the right means “________” in China. A.advice B.attention C.praise D.practice 24.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)Stay away from the river. Look at the sign! It says, “________.” A.No shouting B.No parking C.No swimming D.No littering 25.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)Look at the black clouds. They are a sure ________ of rain. A.chance B.view C.sign D.idea 26.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)Nowadays, WeChat is one of the most convenient ways of ________ in our daily life. A.information B.competition C.communication D.pollution 27.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—What’s your favourite weekday, Frank? —________, because the next day is Saturday. Then I can have a rest. A.Monday B.Friday C.Sunday 28.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ father works in the police station. A.Eric and Helen’s B.Eric and Helen C.Eric’s and Helen D.Eric’s and Helen’s 29.(2024·西藏·中考真题)There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A.woman hero B.women heroes C.women hero D.woman heroes 30.(2024·江苏镇江·中考真题)Helen keeps English diaries every day as a ________ to develop her writing skills. A.habit B.present C.victory D.dream 考点二 介词 考向一 介词的基本用法 介词 意义及示例 about ①关于: a movie about love and sharing 一部关于爱与分享的电影 ②目的是,为了: The purpose of the meeting is about raising money for sick children. 会议的目的是帮生病的孩子筹钱。 above ①在……上方(不接触,不一定垂直):I heard a strange noise coming from the tree above us. 我听见头顶的树上传来一种奇怪的声音。 ②高于;超出(海拔、温度、年龄、职位等):She is above 60 years old and she always keeps the room temperature above 26°C. 她已年过60,经常把室内温度调在26°C之上。 across ①横过(从一边到另一边):run across the road 跑过马路 ②在……对面:My home is across from the street. 我家就在街对面。 ③在……各处,遍及:Her friends are across the world. 她的朋友遍及世界各地。 after ①在……之后:(+时间点,常与将来时连用)I will call you after three. 我三点后给你打电话。(+时间段,常与过去时连用)I met him after two days. 两天后我见到了他。 ②反复不断或一个接一个:day after day 日复一日;year after year 年复一年 against ①紧靠,倚,碰,撞:The rain beat against the window. 雨打在窗户上。 ②反对,违反,与……相反;逆:That’s against the law. 那是违法的。We will play against Class Four next week. 下周我们要和四班比赛。 along 沿着,顺着:I like running along the river in the morning. 我喜欢早上沿着河跑步。 among 在(大于等于三者)之间:The song is popular among the teenagers. 这首歌在青少年中很流行。 around 环绕,在……周围: He looked around the hall but didn’t find his mom. 他环顾了大厅一圈,没找到他妈妈。 as ①作为,当作:He gave me a card as the gift. 他给我一张卡片作为礼物。 ②像,如同:They were all dressed as clowns. 他们都打扮成小丑。 at ①在(某个地点)/在……时刻/在……岁时/在(某方面):at home; at three o’clock; at noon; at five years old; be good at English ②以……速度/价格/程度:The goods there are sold at good prices. 那里的商品卖得很便宜。 before ①在……之前(时间):Call me before 9 this evening. 今晚九点前给我打电话。 ②在……前面/面前:Please pass me the book before you. 麻烦把你面前的书递给我。 ③比……更重要:She puts her family before everything. 她以家庭为重。 behind ①在……后面:There is a park behind our house. 我们房子后面有个公园。 ②落后于:He’s behind the rest of the class in reading. 他的阅读能力不及班上其他人。 ③支持,赞成:Come on, Tom. We are all behind you. 振作点儿,汤姆。我们都支持你。 below ①在……下面:Don’t write below this line. 不要在这条线下面书写。 ②少于,低于:Her work was well below average for the class. 她的功课远在班里的中等水平之下。 beside 在……旁边/附近:She lives beside a river. 她住在一条河附近。 between 在(两者)之间:between...and... 在……和……之间 by 通过…… down ①从高处往下;向下:The cat climbed down the tree. 这只猫从树上爬下来了。 ②沿着,顺着:Go down the road and turn right at the second corner. 沿着这条路走,在第二个街角右转。 during 在……期间:Zach moved to a new city during the holiday. 扎克在假期期间搬到了一个新的城市。 except 除……之外:Everybody except Tom came to the party. 除了汤姆,大家都来参加聚会了。 for ①表对象,“为,给”:Someone left a message for you. 有人给你留了口信。 ②表原因,“因为”:Sydney is famous for its Opera House. 悉尼因歌剧院而闻名于世。 ③表目的,“为了”:Let’s go for a walk. 咱们去散步吧。 ④表一段时间或距离:They always play for hours on weekends. 周末他们总是一起玩上几个小时。 ⑤支持,拥护:Are you for or against the idea? 你支持还是反对这个主意? from ①来自;源于,始于:He came from Henan, China. 他来自中国河南。 ②from...to...,从……到……(时间/空间):The store opens from 10:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. 这家商店从早上十点到晚上八点营业。 ③使免于;使免受:The elephants could break away from their ropes but they didn’t do that. 大象可以挣脱绳索的束缚,但是它们并没有那样做。 ④由……制成:Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。 in ①在……内/在(某范围或空间)某一点:in the room;in the park;a country in Africa ②用……(方式、语言、工具或颜色等):in English; in a different way; in a loud voice ③在(某段时间)内:in 2009; in spring/summer; in March; in the morning/afternoon ④在(某段时间)之后:It will be ready in a week’s time. 只需一周的时间就会准备好。 ⑤在(某段时间)之内:I haven’t seen him in years. 我有好些年没见过他了。 ⑥穿着:She was all in black. 她穿着一身黑。 ⑦关于,在……方面:She does well in maths. 她数学学得很好。 including 包括;包含:I’ve got three days’ holiday including New Year’s Day. 包括元旦在内我有三天假。 like ①像……一样:He is very tall, like his father. 他很高,像他爸爸一样。 ②例如,比如:You should eat more fruit, like apples. 你应该多吃水果,比如苹果。 off ①从……离开:Keep off the grass! 勿践踏草坪! ②从(交通工具)下来:She got off the bus. 她下了公共汽车。 ③休假,离开:He’s had ten days off school. 他有十天没上学了。 on ①在……上面:There is a book on the desk. 书桌上有一本书。 ②表示两地接壤:Guangxi lies on the west of Guangdong. 广西在广东的西边。 ③在(某一天):We have art on Friday. 我们周五有美术课。 ④关于;涉及:a book on South Africa 一本关于南非的书 ⑤以……方式(一般指通过网络、电脑、电视、电话):on the Internet; on TV; on the phone 【易混辨析】in, on 和to 表示方位的用法 介词 用法 例句 in 表示在某一范围之内(属于该范围) Hainan is in the south of China. 海南位于中国南部。 on 表示与某地是毗邻关系 Hebei lies on the north of Henan. 河北在河南的北边。 to 表示在某一范围之外(不属于该范围) Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东部。 介词 意义及示例 opposite 与……相对;在……对面:The bank is opposite the school. 银行在学校对面。 over ①在……上方(不接触):There is a lamp hanging over the table. 桌子上方吊着一盏灯。 ②横过,越过:a bridge over the river ③多于(数量、时间、花费等):She has stayed here for over a month. 她已经在这里逗留一个多月了。 through ①穿过,贯穿:Light came in through the window. 光透过窗户照了进来。 ②自始至终,从头到尾:The child is too young to sit through the whole concert. 孩子太小了,不能坐着听完整场音乐会。 ③以;凭借;因为;由于:You can only achieve success through hard work. 你得孜孜不倦方能成功。 to ①到,往:the way to the cinema 去电影院的路 ②(引出接受者)给,予,向: He gave it to his sister. 他把它给了他的妹妹。 ③(表示范围或一段时间的结尾或界限)到,至:We only work from Monday to Friday. 我们仅从星期一工作到星期五。 ④固定搭配:stick to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, be/get used to doing with ①和……一起:I like going shopping with Mom. 我喜欢和妈妈一起购物。 ②带有,具有;穿,戴:The boy with glasses is Jim. 戴眼镜的男孩是吉姆。 ③用,以,借助(工具):He can’t eat with chopsticks. 他不会用筷子吃饭。 without 不,没有:She ran away quickly, without saying a word. 她没说一句话就很快跑掉了。 考向二 考查固定搭配中介词的用法 第一类 常见介词短语 1. at短语 at birth出生时    at first起初      at home在家  at last最后 at least至少  at most最多  at night在晚上 at once马上;立刻 at present目前    at times有时     at work在工作     at the moment此时 at the same time同时 at the age of在……岁时 at the beginning of 在……开始时 at the end of在……结束时at the foot of 在……底部 at the top of在……顶端 2. by短语 by+交通工具 乘坐……     by accident偶然;意外地      by chance偶然;碰巧 by hand手工 by mistake错误地 by the time到……的时候 by the way顺便说一下 by the end of到……结束时 3. in短语 in agreement达成一致in all 总共      in danger处于危险中 in fact 事实上 in general总体而言 in hand在手头;在进行中 in need在困境中 in pain 痛苦地 in peace和平地 in person亲自 in public公开地 in order井然有序 in return作为回报 in short 简言之 in silence沉默 in surprise惊奇地 in time及时 in total总共 in trouble处于困境中 in turn 轮流 in a hurry匆忙地 in a minute 立刻;马上 in a word总而言之 in one’s opinion 在某人看来 in that case既然那样     in the end最后 in the future在将来 in the past 在过去 in the way妨碍 in this way 用这种方式 in other words 换句话说 in control of掌管 in front of 在……前面(外部) in the front of在……前面(内部) in the middle of在……中间  in the face of 面对 in order to 为了 4. on短语 on business出差      on duty值日        on foot步行 on sale廉价销售 on time准时 on vacation在度假 on weekends在周末 on one’s own独自 on the Internet 在网上 on the left/right在左边/右边 on one’s way to在某人去……的路上 5. from短语 across from 在……对面    from...to... 从……到……    from now on从今以后 from then on从那时起 from time to time 不时 6. of短语 ahead of在……之前  because of 因为       instead of 代替 a number of 许多 the number of ……的数量 the rest of 其余的 the symbol of ……的象征 first of all首先 of medium height 中等身高 all of a sudden 突然 7. to短语 according to 根据      close to 接近      next to 紧靠…… thanks to 多亏;由于 to be honest 老实说 to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是to start with 起初 8. 其他常见介词短语 after all 毕竟     along with 连同   as for 至于 as usual像往常一样   for example 例如 for sale 待售 for sure 无疑;肯定    less than 少于          more than 多于 such as 比如 without doubt 毫无疑问 all in all 总的来说 as a result 结果;因此 with one’s help = with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下 once in a while偶尔;间或 once upon a time曾经 名校最新模拟 1.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)The eco-tourism project helps villagers earn more money ________ destroying the environment. A.without B.with C.by D.for 2.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)Tom ran ________ such a hurry that he left his schoolbag in his dad’s car. A.on B.for C.to D.in 3.(2025·陕西西安·二模)These trousers’ are ________ sale, and you can buy them ________ good prices. A.on;with B.on;at C.for;with D.at;at 4.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)There is a bird ________ the tree. A.in B.from C.into D.on 5.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)Go ________ the street, and you’ll find it at the end of the street. A.across B.cross C.through D.along 6.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)The local government is trying to prevent the “sky-high price” mooncakes ________ cheating consumers. A.from B.to C.of D.for 7.(2025·江苏扬州·一模)—Excuse me, how can I get to the bookstore? —Go ________ Center Street and turn right ________ the second street. A.along; to B.down; in C.along; on D.up; at 8.(2025·江西·模拟预测)My childhood was filled ________ these warm memories. A.of B.for C.with D.to 9.(2025·江苏常州·一模)China successfully sent off the Chang’e-6 spacecraft ________ the afternoon of May 3, 2024. A.at B.in C.on D.by 10.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)—This woman teacher is pretty strict, believe it or not, ________ her students, you’d better be careful. —Okay. A.and B.with C.to D.that 11.(2025·四川成都·一模)Many people are ________ using paper cups that can only be used once to protect the environment. A.for B.behind C.against 12.(2025·四川成都·一模)—Annie, I’m a very slow reader, what can I do? —You should read words in groups, don’t read word ________ word. A.to B.by C.with 13.(2025·四川成都·一模)________ December 20th, 2024, Chengdu once again ranked as one of “China’s Happiest Cities”. A.In B.On C.At 14.(2025·四川成都·一模)________ the Lantern Festival, we can see beautiful lanterns in all shapes at the fair in Zigong. A.On B.In C.Between 15.(2025·福建三明·一模)Huawei officially launched the native HarmonyOS NEXT (5.0) operating system (鸿蒙系统) ________ October 22, 2024. A.in B.on C.at 16.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)City Walk has become extremely popular _______ local people in Shanghai. A.in B.of C.between D.among 17.We had a great time ________ the summer vacation. A.in B.on C.at D.during 18.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)Alice complains ________ the long travel to work, especially when it rains or snows. A.on B.about C.by D.at 19.(2025·上海闵行·一模)You will be surprised ________ how quickly the world around you will change. A.at B.in C.with D.for 20.(2025·上海金山·一模)The boss asked the shop assistant to be patient and polite to the customers ________ work. A.for B.at C.in D.with 真题演练 21.(2024·四川·中考真题)The little girl is sitting ________ her father’s shoulders. A.in B.on C.above D.under 22.(2024·海南·中考真题)— Tony, how about going to the cinema this afternoon? — I’d love to, but I have to meet my sister ________ the airport at 3 p. m. A.for B.at C.on 23.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—Excuse me, which is the way to Chuxiu Park? —Walk ________ this road, and you will find it. A.along B.under C.for D.about 24.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)Lixia, or the Start of Summer, is a time when the temperature increases quickly ________ heavier rainfall. A.against B.with C.except D.among 25.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)My aunt Lily is going to get married ________ John on New Year’s Day. They’re both ________ their twenties. A.to; with B.with; in C.to; at D.to; in 26.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Harbin holds the “Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival” ________ January 5th every year. A.at B.on C.in D.to 27.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)Fan Jinshi, born _______ 1938, has devoted all her time to protecting Dunhuang cultural heritage. A.at B.on C.in D.by 28.(2024·北京·中考真题)The Chang’e-6 landed on the far side of the moon ________ June 2, 2024. A.at B.on C.to D.in 29.(2024·山东东营·中考真题)Jack: When it thunders (打雷), why do we see lightning (闪电) first, then hear thunder? Tom: Because our eyes are _______ ears. Ha-ha! Just a joke! A.before B.opposite C.between D.beside 30.(2024·吉林·中考真题)Mary plays light music _________ her free time to enjoy the beauty of music. A.in B.at C.on 考点三 代词 考向一 考查人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法 ①人称代词主格用作主语,位于谓语动词之前;人称代词宾格用作宾语,常用在动词和介词后,也可作表语,用在系动词后。 ②形容词性物主代词可作定语,置于名词之前。 ③反身代词主要在往年单选中考查。主要考查反身代词在动词后作宾语的用法以及在固定搭配中的用法。 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 【拓展】 1.常见含形容词性物主代词的短语 all one’s life 某人一生    change one’s mind 改变某人的主意  come to one’s mind 忽然想起 do/try one’s best 尽某人最大的努力 hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 in one’s opinion 在某人看来 keep one’s word 信守诺言 lose one’s life 某人失去生命 lose one’s way 迷路 make one’s way 前往;费力地前进 make up one’s mind 下定决心 on one’s own 独自 save one’s life 挽救某人的生命 take one’s time 不着急,慢慢来 take one’s order 点菜 take one’s place 代替某人 take one’s temperature 量体温 to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 2.常见含反身代词的短语 ①动词之后 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 hurt oneself伤到自己 dress oneself自己穿衣服 help oneself to随便吃/喝…… lose oneself in沉浸在……中 make oneself at home别拘束,别客气 prove oneself 证明自己 ②介词之后 keep...to oneself保守秘密 laugh to oneself 暗自发笑 look after/take care of oneself照顾自己 say to oneself自言自语 think to oneself盘算,自思自忖 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 believe in oneself相信自己 考向二 考查普通不定代词的用法 others意为“其他人或物”=other+复数名词,本身相当于名词,不可再修饰名词。 常见普通不定代词的用法 1.both/neither/either/all/none ★都常与of连用,除none仅作代词外,前四个词既可作代词,又可作限定词修饰名词。 ①both意为“两者都”,修饰或指代复数可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 ②neither意为“两者都不”,修饰或指代单数可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。 ③either意为“两者中任何一个”,修饰或指代单数可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 ④all意为“全体,一切”,修饰或指代复数可数名词或不可数名词,指三者或三者以上的所有人或物。作主语时,谓语动词与其后名词的数保持一致。 ⑤none意为“没有一个,全无”,指代人或物,常用搭配none of。既可指代复数可数名词,也可指代不可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词可用单数或复数。 2.few/a few/little/a little ①a few/a little意为“少量的,一些”,a few修饰或指代可数名词,a little修饰或指代不可数名词。 ②few/little意为“几乎没有”,few修饰或指代可数名词,little修饰或指代不可数名词。 3.each/every ①each指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”,强调个体,可用作形容词或代词。 ②every指三者或三者以上中的“每一个”,强调整体,只可作形容词,不可单独使用。 ③each/every+名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 ④each可与of连用,every不可与of连用。 4.some/any ①some和any都可修饰或指代可数名词和不可数名词,表示“一些”。 ②some主要用在肯定句中,any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。但在疑问句中,如希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时,要用some。如: I could not answer any of her questions. 我无法回答她的任何问题。 Do you have any suggestions? 你有什么建议吗? Would you like some oranges? 你想要些橙子吗? 5.many/much ①两者都意为“许多,大量”。 ②many修饰或指代可数名词;much修饰或指代不可数名词。 6.another/other/the other/others/the others(见本书P48) 考向三 考查复合不定代词的用法 1.初中常见复合不定代词一览表 some- any- no- every- -body somebody(某人) anybody(任何人) nobody(没有人) everybody(每人) -one someone(某人) anyone(任何人) no one(没有人) everyone(每人) -thing something(某事) anything(任何事) nothing(没有东西) everything(每件事) 2.复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语,不能作定语。作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。如:Someone is crying in the room. 有人在房间里哭泣。 3.当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,必须放在其后。如: There is nothing difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。 We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else? 我们还需要一名帮手。你能帮我们再找个人吗? 【拓展】 1.常见含复合不定代词的句型: ①There is something wrong with... ……出问题了。 ②...have something/nothing to do with... ……与……有关/无关 ③sb. can do nothing but... 某人什么都不能做,只能…… ④There is nothing to... 没有什么要…… 2.somebody, anybody可指有一点地位或小有名气的人物;nobody指没有地位或默默无闻的人物。something往往指了不起的东西;nothing指无关紧要的东西。 常见的指示代词主要有:this/these/that/those/one/it。 1.this/these/that/those (1)this/these表近指;that/those表远指,也常用于比较结构,代替前面提到的名词,避免重复。如:  These are my sisters and those are my brothers. 这些是我的姐妹;那些是我的兄弟。  I had a cold yesterday. That is why I didn’t come. 我昨天感冒了。那就是我没来的原因。  The weather in Shanghai is better than that in Heilongjiang. 上海的天气比黑龙江的天气好。  The coats in this shop are more expensive than those in that shop. 这家商店的外套比那家商店的外套贵。 (2)在电话用语中,this指代自己,that指代对方。如:  -Hello! This is Jim. Who’s that? 喂,我是吉姆。你是哪位?  -Hey, Jim. This is Jack. 嘿,吉姆。我是杰克。 2.it/one/that (1)it指代上文中提到的同一事物,即同类同物。如:  I have a new bike. My father bought it yesterday. 我有一辆新的自行车。我爸爸昨天买的。 (2)one表泛指,指代上文提到的同类中的任何一个,即同类不同物,相当于a/an+名词。如:  I didn’t bring my pens today. Can you lend me one? 我今天没带钢笔。你能借我一支吗? (3)that指代上文提到过的那个名词。如:  The population of China is larger than that of America. 中国的人口比美国的多。 【拓展】it的特殊用法 1.it作形式主语的句型 ①It’s + adj. (+for sb.) + to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)是……  It’s important for us to learn Chinese well. 学好汉语对我们很重要。 ②It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 某人做某事是……  It’s nice of you to help me with housework. 你帮我做家务,你真好。 ③It’s +adj.+that从句  It’s true that she is a great scientist. 她确实是一位伟大的科学家。 ④It’s + n. +to do sth. /doing sth./that从句  It’s a pity that he can’t come to the party. 很遗憾他不能来参加聚会。 ⑤It takes/took (sb.) + 一段时间+ to do sth. 做某事花费(某人)多长时间。  It took me two hours to finish my homework. 我花了两个小时完成作业。 ⑥It is+done+that从句。如:  It is said that... 据说……;有人说…… It is believed that... 人们认为/相信……  It is reported that... 据报道…… It is known that... 众所周知…… 2.it作形式宾语,常用在动词find, think, make, consider, feel等之后。如:  I find it impossible to lie to her. 我觉得无法对她撒谎。 名校最新模拟 1.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)The students who do best in examinations are not always ________ with the best brains. A.one B.it C.those D.that 2.(2025·吉林松原·一模)—Judy, is that boy with glasses ________ new classmate? —Yes. Let’s say hello to ________. A.we; he B.us; himself C.our; him 3.(2025·陕西西安·二模)—Leo, this is your camera. Is the white one your brother’s? —Yes, it’s ________. My mother bought it for ________ a week ago. A.his;him B.he’s;him C.he’s;he D.his;he 4.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)If you can’t find the book here, you can go to ________ bookshop. A.another B.other C.the other D.others 5.(2025·福建泉州·一模)I have several books on Chinese painting. You can borrow _______ if you want. A.one B.it C.that 6.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)The dictionary belongs to ________. A.mine B.me C.I D.my 7.(2025·福建泉州·一模)—Is this your 3D printer, Maria? —No, it’s not _______. A.mine B.yours C.hers 8.(2025·湖北武汉·模拟预测)—Has the problem been solved? —Not yet. Though we have two plans, ________ of them works very well. A.both B.neither C.either D.none 9.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)All the students went to the zoo except ________. A.she and I B.me and her C.her and me D.I and she. 10.(2025·甘肃定西·一模)Readers can get the general idea of a book from ________ introduction. A.its B.your C.our D.her 11.(2025·四川成都·一模)—David, is this movie magazine yours or Jenny’s? —Oh. It’s ________. She is a movie lover. I dislike movies. A.mine B.hers C.yours 12.(2025·福建三明·一模)—Never tell the strangers ________ personal by WeChat or QQ. —OK. I’ll keep it in mind. A.something B.everything C.anything 13.(2025·江苏宿迁·一模)—Who was calling you on the phone just now? —______ was my best friend, Amy. A.He B.His C.It D.Its 14.(2025·四川成都·一模)—I think ________ is at the door! —I heard the knock too. It could be Carla. A.somebody B.everybody C.nobody 15.(2025·四川成都·一模)—The last bus left 10 minutes ago and we just missed ________. Why don’t we take a taxi? —Good idea! A.that B.it C.one 16.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)She bought some books and decided to send _______ to her friends as gifts. A.theirs B.their C.them D.themselves 17.(24-25九年级上·福建福州·期末)Creative ideas can come from ________ around us. A.everything B.nobody C.nowhere 18.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)She opened the door, but there was ________ inside, just an empty room. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 19.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)You can ________ call me later or send an email with your questions. A.neither B.none C.either D.all 20.(2025·上海金山·一模)Kevin is thinking about ________, such as a poster, to call attention to homeless animals. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 真题演练 21.(2024·四川·中考真题)My mother’s birthday is coming, and I will buy a gift for ________. A.she B.hers C.her D.herself 22.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—Father’s Day is coming. What’s your gift for your father? —I’ve decided to make a cake for ________. A.he B.her C.him D.his 23.(2024·海南·中考真题)I went to Mr Chen’s office to ask ________ some English questions, but he wasn’t in. A.him B.her C.you 24.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—Oh! I forgot to bring ________ ruler. —Don’t worry. I can share mine with you. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 25.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)—Who was calling you on the phone just now? —________ was my cousin. A.He B.She C.It D.This 26.(2024·西藏·中考真题)He can use Chat GPT-4 by ________ without my help. A.him B.her C.himself D.herself 27.(2024·西藏·中考真题)It takes ________ 23 minutes to get to the library by subway. A.she B.he C.her D.his 28.(2024·江苏镇江·中考真题)Chemistry is as interesting as Physics. ________ of them help students explore the science world. A.Neither B.Both C.All D.None 29.(2024·江苏常州·中考真题)Little Mary was proud of ______ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online. A.herself B.hers C.she D.her 30.(2024·山东菏泽·中考真题)—Hey! Our father’s birthday is coming. —Let’s buy a T-shirt for ________ this afternoon. A.him B.her C.you 考点四 冠词 1.不定冠词a/an的用法(a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an 用于元音音素开头的词前。注意:区别元/辅音字母和元/辅音音素) 用法 示例 泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类 My mother bought me a book. 用于首次提到的单数可数名词前 I went to the shop and bought a watch. 用于泛指人或物的身份或性质 A teacher can influence many students. 用于序数词前表示“又一,再一” After reading the story, he wants to read a second time. 用于替代弱化的one“一” I have an umbrella. 表示“每一”,相当于every He goes to the shop three times a week. 用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前 He ate with a knife and fork. 用于物质名词前,表示“一杯、一份、一阵”等 What a heavy rain it was! 【拓展】常见的易混用不定冠词a和an的情况 易混类别 示例 Aa an actor, an apple, an artist, an amazing singer, an American writer, an astronaut Ee an egg, an eight-year-old girl, an exciting job, an eleven-year-old girl 【易错】a European country i an idea, an interesting story, an important part o an old man, an orange one, an outgoing girl 【易错】a one-month holiday Uu an umbrella, an unusual experience, an unhappy girl, an ugly man 【易错】a UFO, a unit, a university, a useless/useful suggestion, a usual trip 英文字母前 26个英文字母中,前面用an的有:a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x(口诀助记:Mr. Li has one fox) 特别记 an honest boy, an hour, an honor, a hero 易混助记: ①在部分数词前要用an,主要有8,18,80,800,11等。如: An 18-year-old girl finished the dance competition successfully. 一个18岁的女孩成功地完成了舞蹈比赛。 ②In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walked with a useful tool. This is a usual thing. 在一所大学里,一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具走着。这是一件平常之事。 ③An hour ago, an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task. 一个小时以前,一个诚实的人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物,然后去完成一项光荣的任务。 2.定冠词the的用法 用法 示例 特指说话双方都知道的人或物 She went to the supermarket to buy some fruit. 用在单数可数名词前表一类人或者事物 The train goes faster than the bus. 指上文提过的人或物 There is a bed in the room. And the bed is mine. 用在next, last, same, only等词前 I’m the only child in my family. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前 The sun is shining brightly. 用于序数词或形容词和副词最高级前 He is the tallest boy in his class. 用于江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛等名称之前 the Pacific Ocean;the Yellow River;the Yangtze River 用在乐器名称前 She likes playing the piano. 用于形容词前,表一类人或事物 The young should help the old. 用于姓氏复数前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人” The Greens will go boating with us. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall;the Summer Palace;the United States 用在年代前 in the 1980s 3.零冠词的用法 用法 示例 表示泛指意义的物质名词、抽象名词前 Money can’t buy you happiness. 在一日三餐、球类运动、语言、棋类、学科等名词前 have supper;play football;play chess;learn English 不可数名词、复数名词前(泛指某类人或事物时) Children like animals. 在星期、月份、季节、西方节日前 (注意:我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前,要加定冠词the,如the Mid-Autumn Festival) on Friday;in March;in spring;Mother’s Day 在称呼语、职位、头衔等名词前 We made him manager of the company. 人名、地名、街道名、城市名、州、省、机场以及大多数大学、公园等专有名词前 Beijing Street;Baiyun Airport 名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any, every, each等限定词修饰时 My pen is much more expensive than yours. 与by连用的交通工具名词前 by train, by bus 4.易错提醒   在一些固定词组中,有无定冠词时意义区别很大。如: go to school 去上学 go to hospital 去看病 at table 在吃饭/用餐 in bed 卧床 next year 明年 in class 在上课 in front of在……(外部的)前面 go to the school 去学校 go to the hospital 去医院 at the table 在桌旁 in the bed 在床上 the next year 第二年 in the class 在班里 in the front of在……(内部的)前面 考向二 考查固定搭配中冠词的用法 1.含有不定冠词的常见词组 ①动词词组 come to an end 结束     have a good time玩得高兴  have a cold 患感冒 have a headache 患头疼 have a try 试一试 have a look 看一看 have a bath 洗个澡 live a good life过好生活 keep a diary 记日记 keep a secret 保守秘密 make a living谋生 make a difference影响;有作用 make a mess弄得一团糟 make an effort作出努力 pay a visit to拜访 play a part参与;发挥作用 take a break/rest休息 take a message捎个口信 take/have an interest in对……感兴趣 give sb. a hand给予某人帮助 give sb. a lift=give sb. a ride让某人搭便车 ②介词词组 for a while一会儿     in a word总而言之     in a hurry 匆忙地 in a loud voice大声地 in a moment 立刻 in a sense在某种意义上 with a smile 面带微笑 as a result因此 all of a sudden突然 ③其他词组 a few/little少量的;一些    a lot/number of 许多     a great deal大量 a moment ago 刚才 half an hour 半小时 once upon a time很久以前 once a week每周一次 2.含有定冠词的常见词组 ①与时间相关的词组 all the time一直             all the year round 一年到头    at the same time同时 at the beginning/end of在……开始/结束时 at the moment此刻 at the age of 在……岁时 in the morning在早上 in the past 在过去 in the end最后 the next day 第二天 the week after next下下周(2017.21) for the first time第一次 ②与地点相关的词组 at the back/foot of在……的后面/脚下  in the middle of在……的中间  on the right/left在右边/左边 in/on/to the east of在……的东部 in the sky在天空中 all over the world全世界 ③其他词组 all the same仍然 by the way顺便问一下 in the way挡路 go to the cinema/movies看电影 have the flu患流感 make the bed铺床 make the team加入(球)队 on the whole总之;大体上 to tell the truth说实话 with the help of在……的帮助下 do the cooking/washing/shopping做饭/洗衣/购物 3.不用冠词的常见词组 at night/noon在夜里/中午   at home在家     at once立刻 at first/last 首先/最后 by mistake错误地 in danger在危险中 in fact事实上 on foot 步行 in time及时 on time 准时 go to school/work去上学/上班 have fun玩得开心 lose heart丧失信心 day and night夜以继日 day after day日复一日 hand in hand手牵手 face to face面对面 step by step一步一步地 arm in arm臂挽着臂 名校最新模拟 1.(2025·江苏连云港·模拟预测)India is _______ Asian country with a large number of people. A.a B.an C.the D./ 2.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)She likes playing ________ piano, but her brother likes playing ________ football. A.the; the B.the; / C./; the D./; / 3.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—Have you seen ________ movie Hi, Mom? It’s really moving. —Yes, I have. I went to see it with my family last weekend. A.a B.an C.the D./ 4.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)The Anhui government launched a new initiative to protect the Yangtze River’s ecosystem. ________ project aims to restore wetlands and reduce pollution. A.A B.An C.The D./ 5.(2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)Dear boys and girls, it’s just ________ usual exam, please finish it as ________ as you can. A.an; careful B.a; more carefully C.a; carefully 6.(2025·辽宁·模拟预测)My host family is taking me to _________ English film festival next weekend. A.an B.a C.the D./ 7.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)At five, Jack learned to play ________ baseball. A.an B.the C.a D./ 8.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)My sister likes music, and she can play ________ piano very well. A.a B.an C.the D./ 9.(2025·陕西西安·二模)—I want to buy ________ T-shirt for my father as his birthday gift. —How about ________ black T-shirt? A.a; / B.a; the C.an; the D.an; / 10.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)This is ________ useful book. I’ve learned a lot from it. A.a B.an C.the D./ 11.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)________ Amazon River is the second longest river in the world. A.A B.An C.The D./ 12.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)Eddie said he saw ________ UFO in ________ sky last night. A.a; a B.the; the C.an; the D.a; the 13.(2025·福建泉州·一模)Lifelong learning plays _______ important part in today’s fast-changing world. A.a B.an C.the 14.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)Anhui government has been promoting the development of new energy vehicles. Now, more and more people in Anhui are choosing to buy them. ________ new energy vehicles are becoming more and more popular in our daily life. A.A B.An C.The D./ 15.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)I left ________‘s’ when I wrote the word ‘press’, so I didn’t get full mark. A.a B.the C.an D./ 16.(2025·甘肃定西·一模)________ Greens are planning to visit Sanya for their winter vacation. A.A B.An C.The D./ 17.(2025·四川成都·一模)As a part-time job, Daniel used to teach ________ European student to speak Chinese when he was in university. A.a B.an C.\ 18.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)Members in the hiking group decided to cross the river—two at _______ time for safety. A.a B.an C.the D./ 19.(2025·上海闵行·一模)Panda Ya Ya will spend ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China. A.a B.an C.the D./ 20.(2025·上海长宁·一模)Maria is known as ________ honest girl, and her word is always trusted. A.a B.an C.the D./ 真题演练 21.(2024·四川·中考真题)Can you lend me ________ book that you bought yesterday? A.an B.the C.a D.不填 22.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Zhan Tianyou is ________ engineer and he is called the “Father of China’s Railroad”. A./ B.a C.an D.the 23.(2024·山东菏泽·中考真题)—What________ interesting book! —Yes, ________book is really amazing. A.a; an B.an; the C.an; a 24.(2024·吉林·中考真题)There is _________ river near our school. We never throw rubbish into it. A.the B.a C./ 25.(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)—Shenzhou-18 with three astronauts was sent up on April 25th, 2024. It’s such ________ exciting event. —Yes. And the astronauts are our heroes. I want to be ________ useful person like them. A.a, an B.an, a C.a, the 26.(2024·天津·中考真题)My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful. A.a; the B.an; the C.不填; 不填 D.an; 不填 27.(2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题)Linda often plays ________ piano after school. A.a B.an C.the D./ 28.(2024·山东滨州·中考真题)—The final exam is coming. How is it going? —Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as _________ usual one. I think I can make it. A.a B.an C.the D./ 29.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)I bought a new computer last weekend. ________ computer is made in China. A.A B.An C.The D./ 30.(2024·四川达州·中考真题)Mike is ________ honest boy. We all trust him. A.a B.an C.the 考点五 数词 考向一 考查基数词的用法 1. 基数词的构成 构成 例词 构成 例词 1-12为独立的单词 one two three eleven twelve 几十几 45: forty-five 13-19以-teen结尾 thirteen fifteen eighteen 几百几 278: two hundred and seventy-eight 整十数 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, ninety 易错点 4,14,40:four;fourteen;forty 2.基数词的用法 ①表示日期。年用基数词,日用序数词:March 1st, 2024 ②表示时刻。几点过几分,用past;差几分到几点,用to。如:4:10 ten past four 4:45 a quarter to five ③表顺序和编号。“名词+基数词”,首字母大写:Room 203 ④表示电话号码。用基数词,单个读。重复数字可读double。 ⑤表示年代。in the+年份复数: in the 1940s 在20世纪40年代 ⑥表示年龄。“基数词+years old”:20 years old 20岁 “at the age of+基数词”: at the age of 20 在20岁 “in one’s +整十数复数”:in her fifties 在她50多岁时 ⑦表示倍数和次数。一次once,两倍/次twice,三倍/次及以上用“基数词+times”:four times四倍/次 ⑧基数词+概数词(hundred/thousand/million)+名词复数,表示确切的数字。如:nine hundred dollars 九百美元 【拓展】 1.“基数词+连字符+单数名词”相当于复合形容词。如:a five-minute ride=five minutes’ ride 骑车5分钟的路程 2.“another+基数词+可数名词复数”=基数词+more+可数名词复数,如:another two bags= two more bags 另外两个包 3.基数词与表示时间、距离、重量、金钱、度量等词连用作主语时,常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数。如: Twenty years is quite a long time. 20年真的是很长的一段时间。 考向二 考查序数词的用法 1.基数词变序数词的规则 ①第1至第3: first, second, third ②第4至第19,基数词+-th: fourth,eleventh(特殊记:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth) ③整十数,基数词词尾-y变-i加-eth: twentieth, thirtieth ④几十几,个位变,十位不变: fifty-first 口诀助记: 基变序,有规律,末尾加上-th;一二三,特殊记,结尾各是t,d,d;八加-h,九去-e,-ve要用-f替; 以y结尾变-ie,后跟-th莫忘记;若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。 2.序数词的用法 ①加the表顺序。如: The second picture is very beautiful. 第二幅画很漂亮。 ②前有my, your, Jack’s等限定词时不加the。如:my first time to come here 我第一次来到这里 ③加不定冠词a或an,表示“又一,再一”。如: a second time 第二次 ④修饰谓语动词时,省略the。如:She came third in the race. 她在比赛中获得第三名。 ⑤物品编号。如:the second page=Page 2 ⑥与基数词连用时,通常置于基数词前。如:the first five pages of the book 这本书的前五页 3.判定空处用序数词的方法 ①the+序数词+名词。如:It was the first game of the season. 那是本赛季的第一场比赛。 ②形容词性物主代词+序数词+名词。如:This is her third win in a row. 这是她连续获得的第三次胜利。 ③在文章中罗列步骤,与其他序数词并列。如考向二例题。 考向三 考查分数的用法 1.分数的构成 分数是由基数词和序数词相结合来表达的。分子用基数词,分母用序数词;如果分子大于1,分母要用序数词复数形式。如: one third 三分之一 two thirds 三分之二 2.主谓一致 谓语动词的数与分数后的名词的数保持一致。“分数+of+限定词+名词复数” 作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式;“分数+of+限定词+不可数名词/名词单数”作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。如: About two thirds of the students in this class go to school by bus. 这个班里约三分之二的学生坐公共汽车上学。 Three fifths of the water in this area was polluted. 这片区域里五分之三的水被污染了。 3.quarter,half 和 percent 的用法 四分之一通常用 a/one quarter 来表示;四分之三通常用three quarters 来表示;二分之一通常用a/one half 来表示;百分之几通常用“基数词+percent”来表示,如:30% 可以表达为“30 percent”。 名校最新模拟 1.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—What’s the population of China? —It’s about 1.4 ________. A.billion B.billions C.millions D.thousand 2.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)According to a survey, two thirds of the 100 people support environmental actions. —How many people support environmental actions? —It’s about ________ people. A.fifty seven B.sixty seven C.sixty six D.seventy six 3.(2025·陕西西安·二模)My sister is ________ years old. And today is her ________ birthday. A.twelfth; twelfth B.twelve; twelve C.twelfth; twelve D.twelve; twelfth 4.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)We’ll have a ________ holiday. My parents will leave me ________ and I will feel ________. A.seven-days, alone, lonely B.seven-day, alone, lonely C.seven-day, lonely, alone D.seven-days, lonely, alone 5.(2025·甘肃定西·一模)These TV shows were very popular in China ________, but no one watches them now. A.in the 1900 B.in 1900s C.in the 1900s D.on the 1900s 6.(2025·上海静安·一模)Five ________ students in our school took part in the opening ceremony of the Tourism Festival. A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundredth D.hundreds of 7.(2024·广东珠海·模拟预测)________ of ________ Class Four students have joined the singing group. A.Four-fifths, the B.Four-fifth, the C.Four-fifths,  / D.Four-fifth,  / 8.(2024·甘肃嘉峪关·模拟预测)________ students like playing basketball in our school, and about ________ of them are boys. A.The number of; four fifths B.A number of; four fifth C.A number of; four fifths D.The number of; four five 9.(2024·广东珠海·模拟预测)—Which room shall we live in tonight?    —In ________. A.the Room 406 B.Room 406 C.the 406 Room D.406 Room 10.(2024·广东珠海·模拟预测)There are about ________ seats in the meeting hall. A.two hundreds B.two hundred C.hundreds of D.two hundred of 11.(2024·河北石家庄·二模)________ visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation. A.Thousand B.Thousand of C.Thousands D.Thousands of 12.(2024·陕西西安·二模)There are _________ floors in the building. The art room is on the _________ floor. A.twelfth; twelfth B.twelve; twelve C.twelfth; twelve D.twelve; twelfth 13.(2024·吉林长春·三模)On May Day, over ______ visitors came to Changchun to visit the “Snow Cake Monkey”. A.two million B.two million of C.two millions D.million of 14.(2024·广西钦州·三模)I’ve never been to Qinzhou. This will be my ________ visit to the Sanniang Bay. A.first B.second C.third 15.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模)The ________ Olympic Games was held successfully in Beijing in 2008. A.twenty-nineth B.twenty-ninth C.twenty-nine 16.(2024·甘肃陇南·三模)—Is the _________ month of the year August? —No, it’s September. A.seventh B.eighth C.ninth D.tenth 17.(2024·四川遂宁·二模)Heavy rainstorm on highways during the Spring Festival in 2024 led to ________ people losing control of their cars. A.thousands of B.two thousands of C.thousand of D.two thousands 18.(2024·甘肃陇南·二模)My grandma told me the number “9” stands for “Long lasting”. So I chose the ________ floor to live on. A.nine B.eighth C.ninth D.third 19.(2024·山东菏泽·二模)Nowadays, ________ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about ________ of them are adults. A.the number of; four fifths B.a number of; four fifth C.a number of; four fifths 20.(2024·江苏宿迁·三模)Marx found it necessary to learn Russian when he was already _________. A.in fifties B.in the fifties C.in fiftieth D.in his fifties 真题演练 21.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—________ of the students in our class have passed the exam. —Oh, that means 20% of them should work harder. A.One fifth B.Four five C.Four fifths D.One five 22.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)—How long is the bridge? —About ________ long. A.two thousand metre B.two thousand metres C.two thousands metre D.two thousands metres 23.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ of the students are in the art club. A.Two third B.Two thirds C.Third two D.Thirds two 24.(2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)There are ________ solar terms (节气) in a year. Lichun is the first one. A.twenty-four B.twenty-fourth C.the twenty-fourth 25.(2024·山东东营·中考真题)I am _____ child in my family. I have an elder brother and a younger sister. A.one B.the first C.the second D.the third 26.(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)Two ________ dollars is enough to buy the bike, but I can’t afford ________ it. A.hundreds, to buy B.hundreds, buy C.hundred, to buy 27.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)June is the ________ month of a year. A.fifth B.sixth C.seventh D.eighth 28.(2024·四川达州·中考真题)— Why is Jenny so happy? — Because today is her ________ wedding anniversary. A.fifth B.the fifth C.five 29.(2024·四川自贡·中考真题)—There is going to be the ________ Art Festival next week. —Great. We can enjoy some beautiful paintings again. A.two B.first C.second 30.(2024·四川凉山·中考真题)—Look at the triangle on the right, if AC=3, BC=4, how long is AB? —It’s ______. A.five B.seven C.twelve 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 备战2025年中考必考题型考前专项突破 专题07 名词、介词、代词、冠词和数词 考点一 名词 考向一 考查名词词义辨析 名词词义辨析主要在完形填空中考查。除根据语境进行意义辨析外,名词词义辨析的选项有一些特有的规律及考法。如:同类名词辨析,近义名词辨析,形近名词辨析,以及通过构词法v.+-r/-er推导出的名词词义辨析等。所以考生在平时的学习中,应多积累相关词汇,才能在做完形填空题时游刃有余。 中考常考形似/同根名词汇总 (1)以-tion/-sion结尾的名词 attention 注意  celebration 庆祝  communication 交流 comparision 比较  competition 比赛 completion 完成  condition 状况 connection 联系 consideration 考虑 conversation 谈话 creation 创造  decision 决定 description 描述 direction 方向  discussion 讨论 education 教育 explanation 解释 expression 表达  imagination 想象  information 信息 instruction 指导 introduction 介绍  invention 发明  pollution 污染  population 人口 preparation 准备 production 生产 pronunciation 发音 question 问题 reception 接待仪式 satisfaction 满意 situation 情况 solution 解决方法 suggestion 建议  translation 翻译 (2)以-ce结尾的名词 appearance 出现 balance 平衡 chance 机会 choice 选择 confidence 信心  convenience 便利 dependence 依靠  difference 差别 entrance 入口 experience 经历,经验 importance 重要性 influence 影响 patience 耐心 performance 表演 presence 出现 silence 沉默 (3)以-ment结尾的名词 achievement 成就 advertisement 广告 agreement 同意 development 发展  encouragement 鼓励 environment 环境 government 政府  instrument 器械  management 管理 punishment 惩罚  requirement 需要 treatment 对待 (4)以-ness结尾的名词 awareness 意识  business 生意 darkness 黑暗  fairness 公正性 happiness 幸福  illness 疾病 kindness 善良  laziness 懒惰  politeness 礼貌 sadness 难过 shyness 害羞  sickness 疾病 thickness 厚(度)  tiredness 疲劳  weakness 虚弱,弱点 (5)形容词/动词+-y合成的名词:difficulty 困难 discovery 发现 (6)名词+-ship合成的名词:friendship 友谊 relationship 关系 在中考中,对于名词的考查多集中在具体语言环境下名词词义辨析上,综合这几年中考真题,总结一些常考的名词。具体如下 首字母 中考高频名词 A ability能力;advice建议;attention注意;background背景;athlete运动员action行动;activity活动 ;address地址;advertisement广告;advantage优势 B break间歇:休息;balance平衡;bottom底部;business商业,生意 C cause原因;custom风俗;courage勇气;care照顾,关心;communication交流,通信condition条件,状况;culture文化;challenge挑战;chance机会;change变化,零钱choice选择collection收集物;contribution贡献 ;competition比赛:竞争 D degree学位,度数,程度;danger危险;description描述;direction说明;方向;difficulty困难;development发展;difference不同; discovery发现;director导演:负责人;decision决定;design设计;discussion讨论;duty责任;义务;distance距离 E education教育;★effort努力;expression表达;★fear害怕,恐惧;exhibition展览 energy能量;精力;experiment实验;excuse借口;environment环境;experience经验:经历 example实例,样品;explanation解释;说明;exercise练习 F fact事实 ;fight战斗;force力,力量;fun乐趣;feeling感觉;field田野,场地,领域 ★form形式,类型;friendship友谊;future未来 H habit 习惯;hobby 业余爱好; honour荣誉; health 健康;hope 希望 I information 信息; idea 想法,主意; interest 兴趣;importance 重要性;invention 发明 interview 面试;访谈;influence 影响(力); instruction指示,命令; invitation 邀请 instrument器械,仪器; introduction介绍 J job 工作, 职业; joke 笑话, 玩笑; journey(尤指长途)旅行, 行程 K knowledge 知识 L language 语言;laughter 笑, 笑声; lesson 课程, 教训;level 水平; life(pl.lives)生活,生命; list名单,清单;luck 幸运,运气 M meaning 意义, 意思; member 成员;mess杂乱; mood心情;message 消息; method 方法; mind 头脑,心智;material 材料 N nature 自然; news 新闻; note 笔记;notice通知;number 号码;数字; noise 噪音; O offer 提议,出价; opinion意见,看法; opportunity机会;organization 机构, 组织 ;object物体,物品 ;order命令 P pain 痛苦, 疼痛; patience 耐心;peace和平; protection保护; praise表扬; patient病人; progress 进步;problem 问题; promise 承诺; pride 骄傲; pity 遗憾;pleasure 高兴, 愉快; present 现在,礼物; price价格;program 节目; purpose目的 R reason 理由;原因; relation 关系; result结果; report 报告; research研究,调查; regret遗憾,懊悔; relationship关系; reply 回复; rule 规则 S service 服务; shape 形状;外形; stranger陌生人; safety安全; saying格言; secret秘密; sight视力,景象; style样式,款式; support 支持; sign标志; silence 沉默;skill技艺,技巧;success成功; suggestion建议; sense感觉; situation 情况; system 系统; square 广场;surface 表面; space太空,空间 T technology 技术; tourist 游客; tradition 传统; traffic 车辆,交通; trouble 困难; task 任务;taste 味觉,品味;temperature 温度;trade 贸易; treat款待,招待; truth实情;thought 思想, 思考; treasure 珠宝; transport 交通运输 V voice嗓音; volunteer 志愿者; value价值;victory 胜利 W waste 浪费,废品; way方式,道路; wealth财富; weight重量; wish愿望,祝愿 ;worry担心,担忧 考向二 考查可数名词单数形式 当设空处前有a/an, each等词时,可判断出设空处表示“一个”的含义,此时需填可数名词单数形式。其他修饰可数名词单数的词有one, this, that, every, another, either, any other, 序数词等。此外,在一些固定搭配中,需填可数名词单数,如next door在隔壁。 考向三 考查可数名词复数形式 ①one of the + 形容词最高级后,填可数名词复数; ②设空处前有大于1的数词时,考虑填可数名词复数; ③设空处前有只能修饰可数名词复数的限定词如few, a few, many, several, a great many,a great/good/large number of, the number of, 及quite a few等出现时,考虑填可数名词复数。 1.可数名词变复数的规则变化: 规则 例词 ①一般情况下加-s desk→desks, face→faces ②以元音字母加-y或-o结尾,加-s boy→boys, toy→toys, radio→radios, zoo→zoos ③以辅音字母加-y结尾,变-y为-i,再加-es baby→babies, story→stories ④以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾加-es bus→buses, box→boxes, brush→brushes, watch→watches 特例:stomach→stomachs ⑤以字母-f/-fe结尾,变-f/-fe为-v,再加-es wolf→wolves, knife→knives [助记:妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌,躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。] ⑥以辅音字母加-o结尾 有生命的加-es:tomato→tomatoes, hero→heroes; 无生命的加-s:photo→photos, piano→pianos 2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化: 规则 例词 ①单复同形 sheep→sheep, deer→deer, fish→fish ②变-a为-e man→men, woman→women, policeman→policemen, postman→postmen,gentleman→gentlemen 【特例】human→humans ③变-oo为-ee foot→feet, tooth→teeth ④其他形式 child→children, mouse→mice 3.“某国人”(中日不变英法变,其余-s加后面): 变man为men:Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen 单复同形:Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese 词尾加-s: German→Germans, American→Americans, Australian→Australians 考向四 考查集合名词 当people含义为“人”时,形式为单数,但意义永远为复数。police用法同people。 集合名词分为两类: 1.形式为单数,意义可分为单数和复数,如family, team, group, class等。当强调整体时,用单数表示;当强调集体中每个成员时,用复数表示。如:My team is a strong one. 我们队很强。My team are all strong players. 我们队的队员都很厉害。 2.形式为单数,意义永远为复数,如people(人), police。不与a/an连用,但可以与定冠词the连用,谓语动词用复数。如:The police are looking for the lost boy in the streets. 警察正在街上寻找失踪的男孩。 【拓展】常以复数形式出现的名词 1.成双成对的名词:trousers, glasses, scissors, chopsticks, shoes, socks等 2.食物类名词:noodles, vegetables, snacks等 3.固定短语中的名词:express thanks to sb., in high spirits, do sports等  注意:当这些常以复数形式出现的名词被量词修饰时,谓语动词与量词的数保持一致。如:These black socks look nice. 这些黑色袜子看起来不错。A pair of black socks is two dollars. 一双黑色袜子2美元。 考向五 考查不可数名词 ①不可数名词不能用数量计算,没有复数形式。 ②不可数名词的量化表达方式。 1.只能修饰不可数名词的词(组)有:little, a little, much, a good/great deal of, a bit of等。 2.既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词(组)有:a lot of, lots of, plenty of, all, some, most, any, no, the rest of等。 3.不可数名词的量化表达方式:数词/冠词+计量名词+of+不可数名词。如:a glass of milk, two bottles of orange juice等。 4.初中阶段常见的不可数名词有: 类别 例词 物质 名词 流体 air空气 water水 beer啤酒 coffee咖啡 oil油 tea茶 juice 饮料 wine酒 soup 汤 porridge粥 ink 墨水 颗粒 rice大米 salt盐 dust灰尘 stone石头 sand沙 flour面粉 dirt尘土 自然 rain雨水 snow雪 wind风 fog雾 食物 meat肉 beef牛肉 mutton羊肉 bread面包 抽象 名词 学科 mathematics/maths数学 physics物理 politics政治 geography地理 chemistry化学 biology生物 history历史 概念 advice建议 information信息 news消息/信息 knowledge知识 情感 fear害怕/畏惧 happiness幸福 hope希望 kindness 善良 pity同情 【拓展】有些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,但两种形式的意义不同,如: 单词 可数名词意义 不可数名词意义 单词 可数名词意义 不可数名词意义 chicken 鸡 鸡肉 orange 橙子;柑橘 橙汁 fish 鱼(种类) 鱼肉 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 life 生命 生活 paper 报纸;试卷;论文 纸 room 房间 空间 time 次数;倍数 时间 work 作品 工作 interest 业余爱好 (2020.58) 兴趣;关注;趣味; 利息 experience 经历 经验 wood 树林 木材 考向六 考查名词所有格 名词所有格表示名词之间的所属关系,即某物或某人是“谁的”。 1.-’s所有格 适用 规则 例词 一般用于表示有生命的名词所有格 ①以s结尾加’ the teachers’ office 教师办公室 ②不以s结尾加’s my dad’s pen 我爸爸的钢笔 ③不规则复数名词加’s Children’s Day 儿童节 Women’s Day 妇女节 用and连接两个并列的单数名词 ①表示共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加’s Tony and Jim’s dad 托尼和吉姆的爸爸 ②表示各自拥有,在两个名词后都加’s Tony’s and Jim’s desks 托尼的书桌和吉姆的书桌 有些表示时间、距离、重量、国家、城镇、团体、机构等无生命的名词后,也可加“’s”构成所有格 ①单数加’s China’s development 中国的发展 a pound’s weight 一磅的重量 ②复数或以s结尾加’ two hours’ walk 步行两小时的路程 The cinema is 15 minutes’ drive from my home. 从我家到电影院开车要15分钟。 注意:不定代词与else连用时,表示所有格的’s应加在else之后。如:someone else’s book 某人的书 2.of所有格 (1)一般来说,表示无生命事物的名词的所有关系。如: The windows of the house face the sea. 这栋房子的窗户朝着大海。 (2)有时也表示人和其他有生命事物的名词的所有关系。如: When in trouble, I will take the advice of my parents. 遇到麻烦时,我通常采纳我父母的建议。 (3)地名、交通工具名以及与人的活动有关的表示无生命事物的名词可用of短语所有格,也可用-’s所有格。如:the future of China/China’s future 中国的未来 3.双重所有格 of+名词’s:a friend of my mom’s 我母亲的一个朋友 of+名词性物主代词: a book of hers 她的一本书 名校最新模拟 1.(2025·江苏连云港·模拟预测)There is wide _______ that health is much more important than wealth. A.application B.announcement C.achievement D.agreement 【答案】D 【详解】句意:人们广泛地达成一种共识,健康比财富重要得多。考查名词辨析。application申请;announcement声明;achievement成就;agreement共识。根据“There is wide…that health is much more important than wealth.”可知,此处是表示人们达成共识。故选D。 2.(2025·吉林松原·一模)What surprises the world most is that China’s space technology has reached a new ________ . A.place B.energy C.height 【答案】C 【详解】句意:最让世界惊讶的是,中国的空间技术已经达到了新的高度。考查名词辨析。place地方;energy能量;height高度。根据“What surprises the world most is that China’s space technology has reached a new….”可知,此处意思是中国的空间技术已经达到了新的高度,heighr“高度”,名词,符合题意。故选C。 3.(2025·辽宁·模拟预测)—What do you call your father’s sisters? —________. A.Uncles B.Cousins C.Aunts D.Parents 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你如何称呼你父亲的姐妹?——姑姑。考查名词辨析。Uncles叔叔;Cousins堂(表)兄弟,堂(表)姐妹;Aunts姑母;Parents父母。根据“What do you call your father’s sisters?”及常识可知,自己应称呼父亲的姐妹为姑姑。故选C。 4.(2025·江西·一模)David was very lucky because his hobby brought him ________ and success. A.pressure B.pleasure C.shyness D.sadness 【答案】B 【详解】句意:戴维非常幸运,因为他的爱好给他带来了乐趣和成功。考查名词辨析。pressure压力;pleasure乐趣,快乐;shyness害羞;sadness悲伤。根据“David was very lucky”及“and success”可知,此处指他的爱好给他带来了乐趣和成功,故选B。 5.(2025·陕西西安·二模)A group of ________ are having a great time ________ Shaanxi History Museum now. A.visitors; visit B.visitors; visiting C.visitor; visit D.visitor; visiting 【答案】B 【详解】句意:一群游客正在陕西历史博物馆玩得很开心。考查可数名词复数形式和动词形式。visitors游客(可数名词复数);visitor游客(可数名词单数);visit参观(动词原形或名词);visiting参观(现在分词,作状语)。A group of“一群”,后接复数名词;have a great time doing sth“做某事玩得开心”。故选B。 6.(2025·陕西西安·二模)I live a healthy life. I often have ________ and ________ for lunch. A.fish; eggs B.fishes; egg C.chickens; carrots D.chicken; carrot 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我过着健康的生活。我午餐经常吃鱼和鸡蛋。考查名词的单复数形式。fish作为“鱼肉”时单复数同形;eggs是egg的复数形式;fishes通常指不同种类的鱼;chickens通常指鸡的复数;chicken鸡肉;carrots是carrot的复数形式。此处是关于午餐食物,因此fishes和chickens不符合,排除B、C,D项carrot应用复数形式,故选A。 7.(2025·江苏南通·一模)I like the taste of ________ in my drink. A.lemon B.burn C.expect D.deep 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我喜欢饮料中柠檬的味道。考查词汇辨析。lemon柠檬;burn燃烧;expect期待;deep深的。根据句意,饮料中适合加入的是“柠檬”,其他选项与句意不符。故选A。 8.(2024·广东珠海·模拟预测)The artist ________ day and night and many of his art pieces are famous ________. A.work, works B.works, works C.works, work D.work, work 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这位艺术家日夜工作,他的许多艺术作品都是著名的作品。考查动词和名词辨析。“work”既可作动词,表示“工作”,也可作“名词”,表示作品,第一空根据“The artist ... day and night”可知,此处表达“这位艺术家日夜工作”,需用动词,本句时态为一般现在时,主语为“The artist”,第三人称单数,谓语需用三单形式。第二空根据“many of his art pieces are famous”可知,此处表达为“作品”,根据“many of his art pieces are”可知,需填名词复数。故选B。 9.(2024·江苏南通·模拟预测)—It’s said that the two ________doctors have just come back from Shanghai. —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________. A.woman; forty B.women; fortieth C.women; forties D.woman; forties 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——据说这两位女医生刚从上海回来。——是啊。我认识她们。她们俩都已经四十多岁了。 考查名词复数和年龄段表达。以man、woman修饰的职业名称变复数时,man、woman也要变成复数,第一空后名词doctors为复数,所以此处应用women; in one’s +整十的复数,表示“在某人几十岁时”。故选C。 10.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模)Her mother bought ________ for her. A.two pair of shoe B.two pair of shoes C.two pairs of shoes 【答案】C 【详解】她的母亲给她买了两双鞋。考查量词。shoe“鞋”,可数名词,“两双鞋”应表达为two pairs of shoes,此时pair和sock都应用复数形式。故选C。 11.(2024·河北邢台·三模)Tom is very helpful and often gives me ________ on how to improve my Math. A.an advice B.some advice C.some suggestion D.advise 【答案】B 【详解】句意:汤姆很乐于助人,经常给我一些关于如何提高数学水平的建议。考查可数名词与不可数名词的复数形式。advice建议,不可数名词;suggestion建议,可数名词;advise建议,动词。根据语境可知,此处是经常给我一些建议,give sb sth表示“给某人某物”,空处需填名词复数或不可数名词,排除A和D,又因suggestion为可数名词,some后需用复数形式suggestions,排除C。故选B。 12.(2024·河北承德·二模)I was told that two ________ teachers would teach us English and chemistry next term. A.woman B.women C.woman’s D.women’s 【答案】B 【详解】句意:有人告诉我下学期将有两位女老师教我们英语和化学。考查复合名词的复数。“man/woman+名词”构成的复合名词,两个词都要变成复数,women teachers“女老师”。故选B。 13.(2024·吉林松原·二模)Would you please show the way to the ________ shop? A.shoe’s B.shoes C.shoes’ D.shoe 【答案】D 【详解】句意:请告诉我去鞋店的路好吗?考查名词的用法。shoe“鞋子”,名词,作定语修饰名词时,应用单数;shoe shop“鞋店”。故选D。 14.(2024·西藏日喀则·一模)It’s easy to travel from Nyingchi to Lhasa by taking the high-speed railway. It’s only________. A.four hours’ ride B.four hour’s ride C.four hours ride D.four-hours ride 【答案】A 【详解】句意:从拉萨到林芝坐高铁很容易。只有四个小时的车程。考查名词所有格。根据语境和选项,大约四个小时的车程,“四个小时”four hours的所有格是four hours’ 修饰“车程”ride。故选A。 15.(2024·甘肃武威·三模)—What will you do after your _________ from senior high school, Tim? —Well, I'll go to college. A.graduate B.graduates C.graduated D.graduation 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——Tim,高中毕业后你打算做什么?——嗯,我会去上大学。考查名词。graduate毕业,动词;graduation毕业,名词。形容词性物主代词your后接名词graduation作介词after的宾语。故选D。 16.(2024·上海金山·二模)This article offers much useful ________ on how to lose weight and keep healthy. A.topic B.tip C.suggestion D.information 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这篇文章提供了很多关于如何减肥和保持健康的有用信息。考查名词辨析。topic主题,可数名词;tip建议,可数名词;suggestion建议,可数名词;information信息,不可数名词。much修饰不可数名词,故选D。 17.(2024·四川广元·二模)—Would you like something to eat? —Yes, I’d like some ________. A.apple B.milk C.bread D.water 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你想吃点什么吗?——是的,我想要一些面包。考查名词辨析。apple苹果,可数名词单数;milk牛奶,不可数名词;bread面包,不可数名词;water水,不可数名词。根据“something to eat”可排除BD;some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,排除A。故选C。 18.(2024·安徽亳州·模拟预测)—When I do something good, my parents will give me some ________. —That’s really a good way to give encouragement. A.praise B.pity C.worries D.stress 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——当我做了一些好事,我的父母会给我一些表扬。——这真是一个很好的鼓励方式。 考查名词辨析。praise表扬;pity同情;worries担心;stress压力。根据“That’s really a good way to give encouragement.”可知,设空处应该说父母给予表扬。故选A。 19.(2024·上海·模拟预测)This summer vacation, I am going to make ________ for my senior high school. A.operations B.suggestions C.inventions D.preparations 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这个暑假,我要为我的高中做准备。考查名词辨析。operations手术;suggestions建议;inventions发明;preparations准备。根据“I am going to make…for my senior high school.”可知,此处应该说为高中做准备。故选D。 20.(2024·安徽亳州·模拟预测)—I heard you changed your mind the last minute. —What Ms. Green said did the ________. A.role B.good C.work D.trick 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我听说你在最后一刻改变了主意。——格林女士的话起了作用。 考查名词辨析。role作用,角色;good好处;work工作;trick诡计。根据“I heard you changed your mind the last minute. ”可知,格林女士说的话起了作用,do the trick意为“达到目的,奏效”,符合语境,故选D。 真题演练 21.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)—I don’t know what to write about the four great classical Chinese novels. —You’d better read ________ first and then organize your own ideas. A.reviews B.reasons C.results D.rewards 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——我不知道该怎么写中国四大名著的读后感。——你最好先读读书评,然后整理自己的想法。考查名词辨析。reviews评论;reasons原因;results结果;rewards报酬。根据“and then organize your own ideas.”可知先读一些评论,然后整理自己的想法。故选A。 22.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)We call the Earth “Blue ________” because the ocean covers about 71 percent of it. A.Sky B.Water C.Planet D.Mountain 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我们称地球为“蓝色星球”,因为海洋覆盖了大约71%的地球。考查名词辨析。sky天空;water水;planet星球;mountain山。根据“call the Earth ‘Blue...’”可知地球被称为“蓝色星球”。故选C。 23.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)The body language on the right means “________” in China. A.advice B.attention C.praise D.practice 【答案】C 【详解】句意:右边的肢体语言在中国意味着“赞美”。考查常识和名词辨析。advice建议;attention注意;praise赞美;practice练习。根据常识可知,在中国竖大拇指是赞美的意思。故选C。 24.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)Stay away from the river. Look at the sign! It says, “________.” A.No shouting B.No parking C.No swimming D.No littering 【答案】C 【详解】句意:远离河流。看这个标志!上面写着:“禁止游泳。”考查名词辨析以及情景交际。No shouting禁止喧哗;No parking禁止停车;No swimming禁止游泳;No littering禁止乱扔垃圾。根据“Stay away from the river”可知标志上写着“禁止游泳”,所以要远离河流。故选C。 25.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)Look at the black clouds. They are a sure ________ of rain. A.chance B.view C.sign D.idea 【答案】C 【详解】句意:看看乌云,它们是要下雨的明显迹象。考查名词辨析。chance机会;view看法;sign迹象;idea想法。根据“Look at the black clouds.”可知,此处是指乌云是要下雨的迹象。故选C。 26.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)Nowadays, WeChat is one of the most convenient ways of ________ in our daily life. A.information B.competition C.communication D.pollution 【答案】C 【详解】句意:如今,微信是我们日常生活中最方便的交流方式之一。考查名词辨析。information信息;competition竞争;communication交流;pollution污染。根据“WeChat is one of the most convenient ways of...in our daily life.”和常识可知,微信是一种交流方式,故选C。 27.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—What’s your favourite weekday, Frank? —________, because the next day is Saturday. Then I can have a rest. A.Monday B.Friday C.Sunday 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你最喜欢的工作日是哪一天,Frank?——星期五,因为第二天是星期六。然后我可以休息一下。考查名词辨析。Monday星期一;Friday星期五;Sunday星期日。根据“because the next day is Saturday.”可知,Frank最喜欢的工作日是星期五。故选B。 28.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ father works in the police station. A.Eric and Helen’s B.Eric and Helen C.Eric’s and Helen D.Eric’s and Helen’s 【答案】A 【详解】句意:Eric和Helen的爸爸在警察局工作。考查名词所有格。此空修饰名词father,应用名词所有格,排除B选项;father是单数,此处表示两个人共同的父亲,在最后一个人名后加’s,故选A。 29.(2024·西藏·中考真题)There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A.woman hero B.women heroes C.women hero D.woman heroes 【答案】B 【详解】句意:中国历史上有许多著名的女英雄。考查名词复数。含有woman修饰名词时,变为复数时,需要将woman和所修饰词一起变为复数;hero的复数是heroes,因此women heroes符合句意,故选B。 30.(2024·江苏镇江·中考真题)Helen keeps English diaries every day as a ________ to develop her writing skills. A.habit B.present C.victory D.dream 【答案】A 【详解】句意:海伦每天写英文日记作为一种习惯来提高她的写作技巧。考查名词辨析。habit习惯;present礼物;victory胜利;dream梦想。根据“keeps English diaries every day as a … to develop her writing skills”可知,海伦每天写英文日记,这是一种习惯,故选A。 考点二 介词 考向一 介词的基本用法 介词 意义及示例 about ①关于: a movie about love and sharing 一部关于爱与分享的电影 ②目的是,为了: The purpose of the meeting is about raising money for sick children. 会议的目的是帮生病的孩子筹钱。 above ①在……上方(不接触,不一定垂直):I heard a strange noise coming from the tree above us. 我听见头顶的树上传来一种奇怪的声音。 ②高于;超出(海拔、温度、年龄、职位等):She is above 60 years old and she always keeps the room temperature above 26°C. 她已年过60,经常把室内温度调在26°C之上。 across ①横过(从一边到另一边):run across the road 跑过马路 ②在……对面:My home is across from the street. 我家就在街对面。 ③在……各处,遍及:Her friends are across the world. 她的朋友遍及世界各地。 after ①在……之后:(+时间点,常与将来时连用)I will call you after three. 我三点后给你打电话。(+时间段,常与过去时连用)I met him after two days. 两天后我见到了他。 ②反复不断或一个接一个:day after day 日复一日;year after year 年复一年 against ①紧靠,倚,碰,撞:The rain beat against the window. 雨打在窗户上。 ②反对,违反,与……相反;逆:That’s against the law. 那是违法的。We will play against Class Four next week. 下周我们要和四班比赛。 along 沿着,顺着:I like running along the river in the morning. 我喜欢早上沿着河跑步。 among 在(大于等于三者)之间:The song is popular among the teenagers. 这首歌在青少年中很流行。 around 环绕,在……周围: He looked around the hall but didn’t find his mom. 他环顾了大厅一圈,没找到他妈妈。 as ①作为,当作:He gave me a card as the gift. 他给我一张卡片作为礼物。 ②像,如同:They were all dressed as clowns. 他们都打扮成小丑。 at ①在(某个地点)/在……时刻/在……岁时/在(某方面):at home; at three o’clock; at noon; at five years old; be good at English ②以……速度/价格/程度:The goods there are sold at good prices. 那里的商品卖得很便宜。 before ①在……之前(时间):Call me before 9 this evening. 今晚九点前给我打电话。 ②在……前面/面前:Please pass me the book before you. 麻烦把你面前的书递给我。 ③比……更重要:She puts her family before everything. 她以家庭为重。 behind ①在……后面:There is a park behind our house. 我们房子后面有个公园。 ②落后于:He’s behind the rest of the class in reading. 他的阅读能力不及班上其他人。 ③支持,赞成:Come on, Tom. We are all behind you. 振作点儿,汤姆。我们都支持你。 below ①在……下面:Don’t write below this line. 不要在这条线下面书写。 ②少于,低于:Her work was well below average for the class. 她的功课远在班里的中等水平之下。 beside 在……旁边/附近:She lives beside a river. 她住在一条河附近。 between 在(两者)之间:between...and... 在……和……之间 by 通过…… down ①从高处往下;向下:The cat climbed down the tree. 这只猫从树上爬下来了。 ②沿着,顺着:Go down the road and turn right at the second corner. 沿着这条路走,在第二个街角右转。 during 在……期间:Zach moved to a new city during the holiday. 扎克在假期期间搬到了一个新的城市。 except 除……之外:Everybody except Tom came to the party. 除了汤姆,大家都来参加聚会了。 for ①表对象,“为,给”:Someone left a message for you. 有人给你留了口信。 ②表原因,“因为”:Sydney is famous for its Opera House. 悉尼因歌剧院而闻名于世。 ③表目的,“为了”:Let’s go for a walk. 咱们去散步吧。 ④表一段时间或距离:They always play for hours on weekends. 周末他们总是一起玩上几个小时。 ⑤支持,拥护:Are you for or against the idea? 你支持还是反对这个主意? from ①来自;源于,始于:He came from Henan, China. 他来自中国河南。 ②from...to...,从……到……(时间/空间):The store opens from 10:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. 这家商店从早上十点到晚上八点营业。 ③使免于;使免受:The elephants could break away from their ropes but they didn’t do that. 大象可以挣脱绳索的束缚,但是它们并没有那样做。 ④由……制成:Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。 in ①在……内/在(某范围或空间)某一点:in the room;in the park;a country in Africa ②用……(方式、语言、工具或颜色等):in English; in a different way; in a loud voice ③在(某段时间)内:in 2009; in spring/summer; in March; in the morning/afternoon ④在(某段时间)之后:It will be ready in a week’s time. 只需一周的时间就会准备好。 ⑤在(某段时间)之内:I haven’t seen him in years. 我有好些年没见过他了。 ⑥穿着:She was all in black. 她穿着一身黑。 ⑦关于,在……方面:She does well in maths. 她数学学得很好。 including 包括;包含:I’ve got three days’ holiday including New Year’s Day. 包括元旦在内我有三天假。 like ①像……一样:He is very tall, like his father. 他很高,像他爸爸一样。 ②例如,比如:You should eat more fruit, like apples. 你应该多吃水果,比如苹果。 off ①从……离开:Keep off the grass! 勿践踏草坪! ②从(交通工具)下来:She got off the bus. 她下了公共汽车。 ③休假,离开:He’s had ten days off school. 他有十天没上学了。 on ①在……上面:There is a book on the desk. 书桌上有一本书。 ②表示两地接壤:Guangxi lies on the west of Guangdong. 广西在广东的西边。 ③在(某一天):We have art on Friday. 我们周五有美术课。 ④关于;涉及:a book on South Africa 一本关于南非的书 ⑤以……方式(一般指通过网络、电脑、电视、电话):on the Internet; on TV; on the phone 【易混辨析】in, on 和to 表示方位的用法 介词 用法 例句 in 表示在某一范围之内(属于该范围) Hainan is in the south of China. 海南位于中国南部。 on 表示与某地是毗邻关系 Hebei lies on the north of Henan. 河北在河南的北边。 to 表示在某一范围之外(不属于该范围) Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东部。 介词 意义及示例 opposite 与……相对;在……对面:The bank is opposite the school. 银行在学校对面。 over ①在……上方(不接触):There is a lamp hanging over the table. 桌子上方吊着一盏灯。 ②横过,越过:a bridge over the river ③多于(数量、时间、花费等):She has stayed here for over a month. 她已经在这里逗留一个多月了。 through ①穿过,贯穿:Light came in through the window. 光透过窗户照了进来。 ②自始至终,从头到尾:The child is too young to sit through the whole concert. 孩子太小了,不能坐着听完整场音乐会。 ③以;凭借;因为;由于:You can only achieve success through hard work. 你得孜孜不倦方能成功。 to ①到,往:the way to the cinema 去电影院的路 ②(引出接受者)给,予,向: He gave it to his sister. 他把它给了他的妹妹。 ③(表示范围或一段时间的结尾或界限)到,至:We only work from Monday to Friday. 我们仅从星期一工作到星期五。 ④固定搭配:stick to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, be/get used to doing with ①和……一起:I like going shopping with Mom. 我喜欢和妈妈一起购物。 ②带有,具有;穿,戴:The boy with glasses is Jim. 戴眼镜的男孩是吉姆。 ③用,以,借助(工具):He can’t eat with chopsticks. 他不会用筷子吃饭。 without 不,没有:She ran away quickly, without saying a word. 她没说一句话就很快跑掉了。 考向二 考查固定搭配中介词的用法 第一类 常见介词短语 1. at短语 at birth出生时    at first起初      at home在家  at last最后 at least至少  at most最多  at night在晚上 at once马上;立刻 at present目前    at times有时     at work在工作     at the moment此时 at the same time同时 at the age of在……岁时 at the beginning of 在……开始时 at the end of在……结束时at the foot of 在……底部 at the top of在……顶端 2. by短语 by+交通工具 乘坐……     by accident偶然;意外地      by chance偶然;碰巧 by hand手工 by mistake错误地 by the time到……的时候 by the way顺便说一下 by the end of到……结束时 3. in短语 in agreement达成一致in all 总共      in danger处于危险中 in fact 事实上 in general总体而言 in hand在手头;在进行中 in need在困境中 in pain 痛苦地 in peace和平地 in person亲自 in public公开地 in order井然有序 in return作为回报 in short 简言之 in silence沉默 in surprise惊奇地 in time及时 in total总共 in trouble处于困境中 in turn 轮流 in a hurry匆忙地 in a minute 立刻;马上 in a word总而言之 in one’s opinion 在某人看来 in that case既然那样     in the end最后 in the future在将来 in the past 在过去 in the way妨碍 in this way 用这种方式 in other words 换句话说 in control of掌管 in front of 在……前面(外部) in the front of在……前面(内部) in the middle of在……中间  in the face of 面对 in order to 为了 4. on短语 on business出差      on duty值日        on foot步行 on sale廉价销售 on time准时 on vacation在度假 on weekends在周末 on one’s own独自 on the Internet 在网上 on the left/right在左边/右边 on one’s way to在某人去……的路上 5. from短语 across from 在……对面    from...to... 从……到……    from now on从今以后 from then on从那时起 from time to time 不时 6. of短语 ahead of在……之前  because of 因为       instead of 代替 a number of 许多 the number of ……的数量 the rest of 其余的 the symbol of ……的象征 first of all首先 of medium height 中等身高 all of a sudden 突然 7. to短语 according to 根据      close to 接近      next to 紧靠…… thanks to 多亏;由于 to be honest 老实说 to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是to start with 起初 8. 其他常见介词短语 after all 毕竟     along with 连同   as for 至于 as usual像往常一样   for example 例如 for sale 待售 for sure 无疑;肯定    less than 少于          more than 多于 such as 比如 without doubt 毫无疑问 all in all 总的来说 as a result 结果;因此 with one’s help = with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下 once in a while偶尔;间或 once upon a time曾经 名校最新模拟 1.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)The eco-tourism project helps villagers earn more money ________ destroying the environment. A.without B.with C.by D.for 【答案】A 【详解】句意:生态旅游项目帮助村民在不破坏环境的情况下赚更多的钱。考查介词辨析。without没有;with用;by通过;for为了。根据“destroying the environment.”可知,生态旅游项目帮助村民赚钱的同时没有破坏环境。故选A。 2.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)Tom ran ________ such a hurry that he left his schoolbag in his dad’s car. A.on B.for C.to D.in 【答案】D 【详解】句意:汤姆跑得如此匆忙,以至于把书包忘在爸爸的车里了。考查介词辨析。on在……上;for为了;to到;in在……里面。in a hurry“匆忙”,是固定词组。故选D。 3.(2025·陕西西安·二模)These trousers’ are ________ sale, and you can buy them ________ good prices. A.on;with B.on;at C.for;with D.at;at 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这些裤子正在打折出售,你可以以优惠的价格购买它们。考查介词辨析。on在……上;with和;at在某处;for为了。“on sale”是一个固定搭配,表示“打折出售”或“正在促销”。因此第一个空应填“on”。“at good prices”也是一个常见的表达方式,表示“以优惠的价格”。因此第二个空应填“at”。故选B。 4.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)There is a bird ________ the tree. A.in B.from C.into D.on 【答案】A 【详解】句意:树上有一只鸟。考查介词辨析。in在……里面;from来自……;into进入……;on在……上面。鸟是外界的事物,非树上生长的,指外界的事物在树上,用介词in。故选A。 5.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)Go ________ the street, and you’ll find it at the end of the street. A.across B.cross C.through D.along 【答案】D 【详解】句意:沿着街道走,你会在街道尽头找到它。考查介词辨析。across横穿,介词;cross横穿,动词;through穿过(狭小的空间);along沿着。根据“and you’ll find it at the end of the street”可知,要沿着街道走到尽头才能找到要去的地方。故选D。 6.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)The local government is trying to prevent the “sky-high price” mooncakes ________ cheating consumers. A.from B.to C.of D.for 【答案】A 【详解】句意:当地政府正努力防止“天价”月饼欺骗消费者。考查介词辨析。from来自;to到,向;of……的;for为了。根据语境可知,此处说的是防止天价月饼欺骗消费者,短语prevent...from...“阻止……做……”,应用from,故选A 。 7.(2025·江苏扬州·一模)—Excuse me, how can I get to the bookstore? —Go ________ Center Street and turn right ________ the second street. A.along; to B.down; in C.along; on D.up; at 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——打扰一下,我怎样才能到达书店?——沿着文华街向上走,然后在第二条街右转。 考查介词辨析。along沿着;to到;down向下,in通常用于表示在某个范围内,不适用于表示在某个街道上或某个路口;on在……上;up向上;at在这里表示在某个具体的地点或位置。根据句子的意思,我们需要找到表示沿着街道走的短语和表示在某个地点右转的短语。在英文中,go up通常用于表示向上走或沿着街道走,而turn right at用于表示在某个具体地点(如街道口)右转。故选D。 8.(2025·江西·模拟预测)My childhood was filled ________ these warm memories. A.of B.for C.with D.to 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我的童年充满了这些温暖的回忆。考查介词辨析。of……的;for为了;with和;to到。be filled with“充满”,是固定词组。故选C。 9.(2025·江苏常州·一模)China successfully sent off the Chang’e-6 spacecraft ________ the afternoon of May 3, 2024. A.at B.in C.on D.by 【答案】C 【详解】句意:2024年5月3日下午,中国成功发射了嫦娥六号探测器。考查介词辨析。at用于具体时刻;in用于年、月、季节等;on用于具体某一天前;by表示“到……为止”。“the afternoon of May 3, 2024”是具体日期的下午,具体到某一天的下午,用介词on。故选C。 10.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)—This woman teacher is pretty strict, believe it or not, ________ her students, you’d better be careful. —Okay. A.and B.with C.to D.that 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——这位女老师对她的学生相当严格,信不信由你,你最好小心点。 ——好的。考查介词辨析。and和;with对;to向;that那。be strict with sb.意为“对某人严格”,形容词短语。故选B。 11.(2025·四川成都·一模)Many people are ________ using paper cups that can only be used once to protect the environment. A.for B.behind C.against 【答案】C 【详解】句意:为了保护环境,许多人反对使用只能使用一次的纸杯。考查介词辨析。for为了;behind在……后面;against反对。根据“to protect the environment”及“using paper cups that can only be used once”可知,此处是指反对使用一次性纸杯来保护环境,所以应该用against。故选C。 12.(2025·四川成都·一模)—Annie, I’m a very slow reader, what can I do? —You should read words in groups, don’t read word ________ word. A.to B.by C.with 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——安妮,我读得很慢,我该怎么办?  ——你应该分组阅读,而不是逐字阅读。考查介词辨析。to到;by通过;with和。word by word“逐字地”,故选B。 13.(2025·四川成都·一模)________ December 20th, 2024, Chengdu once again ranked as one of “China’s Happiest Cities”. A.In B.On C.At 【答案】B 【详解】句意:2024年12月20日,成都再次被评为“中国最幸福城市”之一。考查介词辨析。in在某年某月某季节;on在某一天;at在某时刻。空后是具体某一天,用介词on。故选B。 14.(2025·四川成都·一模)________ the Lantern Festival, we can see beautiful lanterns in all shapes at the fair in Zigong. A.On B.In C.Between 【答案】A 【详解】句意:在元宵节,我们可以在自贡的集市上看到各种形状的漂亮灯笼。考查介词辨析。on在……上面;in在……里面;between在……之间。 根据句意可知,此处表示在元宵节,表示在某个节日,用介词on。故选A。 15.(2025·福建三明·一模)Huawei officially launched the native HarmonyOS NEXT (5.0) operating system (鸿蒙系统) ________ October 22, 2024. A.in B.on C.at 【答案】B 【详解】句意:华为于2024年10月22日正式推出原生鸿蒙NEXT (5.0) 操作系统。考查介词辨析。in在某年/某月/某季节;on在某一天;at在某时刻。空后是具体某一天,用介词on。故选B。 16.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)City Walk has become extremely popular _______ local people in Shanghai. A.in B.of C.between D.among 【答案】D 【详解】句意:在上海,“城市漫步” 在当地人中非常受欢迎。考查介词辨析。in在……里;of 属于……的;between在……之间,通常用于两者之间;among在……当中,用于三者或三者以上。因为“local people in Shanghai”表示的范围在三者以上,应用介词among。故选D。 17.We had a great time ________ the summer vacation. A.in B.on C.at D.during 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我们在暑假期间过得很愉快。考查介词辨析。in在,用于年、月、季节等;on在,用于具体日期等;at在,用于具体时间点;during在……期间。根据“We had a great time...the summer vacation.”可知,句中表述我们“暑假期间”玩得很开心。“在……期间”应该使用介词“during”表达,表示暑假这个特定时间段。故选D。 18.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)Alice complains ________ the long travel to work, especially when it rains or snows. A.on B.about C.by D.at 【答案】B 【详解】句意:爱丽丝抱怨上班路途遥远,尤其是下雨或下雪的时候。考查介词辨析。on在……上面;about关于;by被;at在。根据“Alice complains...the long travel to work”可知,此处表示她抱怨关于上班路途遥远的事。故选B。 19.(2025·上海闵行·一模)You will be surprised ________ how quickly the world around you will change. A.at B.in C.with D.for 【答案】A 【详解】句意:你会惊讶于周围的世界变化得如此之快。考查介词辨析。at在;in在……里面;with和;for为了。根据“You will be surprised...”可知,指的是对世界变化之快感到惊讶,be surprised at “对……感到惊讶”,符合语境。故选A。 20.(2025·上海金山·一模)The boss asked the shop assistant to be patient and polite to the customers ________ work. A.for B.at C.in D.with 【答案】B 【详解】句意:老板要求店员在工作中对顾客要有耐心和礼貌。考查介词辨析。for为了;at在;in在……里面;with和。根据“The boss asked the shop assistant to be patient and polite to the customers…work.”的语境并将结合选项可知,此处指在工作中的态度,at work“在工作中”。故选B。 真题演练 21.(2024·四川·中考真题)The little girl is sitting ________ her father’s shoulders. A.in B.on C.above D.under 【答案】B 【详解】句意:小女孩坐在她父亲的肩膀上。考查介词辨析。in在里面;on在上面,强调两者之间有接触;above在上方,两者之间不一定接触;under在下方。根据“sitting...her father’s shoulders.”可知是坐在她父亲的肩膀上,且和肩膀接触,用介词on。故选B。 22.(2024·海南·中考真题)— Tony, how about going to the cinema this afternoon? — I’d love to, but I have to meet my sister ________ the airport at 3 p. m. A.for B.at C.on 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——托尼,今天下午去看电影怎么样?——我很想去,但是我下午三点要去机场接我妹妹。 考查介词辨析。for为,给;at在;on在……上。。介词“at”用于表示在具体的时间点或地点,符合语境。故选B。 23.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—Excuse me, which is the way to Chuxiu Park? —Walk ________ this road, and you will find it. A.along B.under C.for D.about 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——请问,去楚秀公园怎么走?——沿着这条路走,你会找到的。考查介词辨析。along沿着;under在下方;for为了;about关于。根据“Walk...this road”可知是沿着这条路走。故选A。 24.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)Lixia, or the Start of Summer, is a time when the temperature increases quickly ________ heavier rainfall. A.against B.with C.except D.among 【答案】B 【详解】句意:立夏,即夏天的开始,是气温迅速上升并伴随更多降雨的时节。考查介词辨析。against紧靠;with和;except除了;among在……中。根据“when the temperature increases quickly...heavier rainfall.”可知,此处表示伴随,用介词with,表示“气温迅速上升并伴随更多降雨”。故选B。 25.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)My aunt Lily is going to get married ________ John on New Year’s Day. They’re both ________ their twenties. A.to; with B.with; in C.to; at D.to; in 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我姑姑莉莉要在元旦那天和约翰结婚。他们都二十多岁。考查介词辨析。to到;in在……里;with和;at在。get married to“和……结婚”,第一空to符合句意;in one’s+整十基数词的复数形式,表示“在某人几十多岁时”,第二空in符合句意。故选D。 26.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Harbin holds the “Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival” ________ January 5th every year. A.at B.on C.in D.to 【答案】B 【详解】句意:哈尔滨在每年1月5日举办“哈尔滨国际冰雪节”。考查时间介词用法。at后接具体时刻;on后接具体一天;in后接某年某月某季节;to到。“January 5th”是具体的一天,介词用on,故选B。 27.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)Fan Jinshi, born _______ 1938, has devoted all her time to protecting Dunhuang cultural heritage. A.at B.on C.in D.by 【答案】C 【详解】句意:樊锦诗,1938年出生,毕生致力于敦煌文化遗产保护。考查介词辨析。at其后加时间点等;on其后加星期或具体的时间;in其后加早中晚,月份,季节,年份等;by到……为止。“1938”是年份,用介词in。故选C。 28.(2024·北京·中考真题)The Chang’e-6 landed on the far side of the moon ________ June 2, 2024. A.at B.on C.to D.in 【答案】B 【详解】句意:嫦娥六号在2024年6月2日成功登上月球背面。考查介词辨析。at用于具体的时刻前面;on用于具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上;to表示方向或目的地;in用于年、月、季节的前面。根据“June 2, 2024”可知是具体的某一天,因此应用介词on。故选B。 29.(2024·山东东营·中考真题)Jack: When it thunders (打雷), why do we see lightning (闪电) first, then hear thunder? Tom: Because our eyes are _______ ears. Ha-ha! Just a joke! A.before B.opposite C.between D.beside 【答案】A 【详解】句意:杰克:打雷的时候,为什么我们先看到闪电,然后才听到雷声?汤姆:因为眼睛在耳朵前面。哈哈!开个玩笑!考查介词辨析。before在之前;opposite在对面;between在……之间;beside在旁边。根据“Because our eyes are ... ears.”可知,眼睛在耳朵前面,故选A。 30.(2024·吉林·中考真题)Mary plays light music _________ her free time to enjoy the beauty of music. A.in B.at C.on 【答案】A 【详解】句意:Mary在空闲时间播放轻音乐来享受音乐的美妙。考查介词辨析。in 在较长时间;at在某一时刻;on在具体某一天。根据“her free time”可知,此处指在空闲时间,用in one’s free time表示。故选A。 考点三 代词 考向一 考查人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法 ①人称代词主格用作主语,位于谓语动词之前;人称代词宾格用作宾语,常用在动词和介词后,也可作表语,用在系动词后。 ②形容词性物主代词可作定语,置于名词之前。 ③反身代词主要在往年单选中考查。主要考查反身代词在动词后作宾语的用法以及在固定搭配中的用法。 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 【拓展】 1.常见含形容词性物主代词的短语 all one’s life 某人一生    change one’s mind 改变某人的主意  come to one’s mind 忽然想起 do/try one’s best 尽某人最大的努力 hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 in one’s opinion 在某人看来 keep one’s word 信守诺言 lose one’s life 某人失去生命 lose one’s way 迷路 make one’s way 前往;费力地前进 make up one’s mind 下定决心 on one’s own 独自 save one’s life 挽救某人的生命 take one’s time 不着急,慢慢来 take one’s order 点菜 take one’s place 代替某人 take one’s temperature 量体温 to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 2.常见含反身代词的短语 ①动词之后 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 hurt oneself伤到自己 dress oneself自己穿衣服 help oneself to随便吃/喝…… lose oneself in沉浸在……中 make oneself at home别拘束,别客气 prove oneself 证明自己 ②介词之后 keep...to oneself保守秘密 laugh to oneself 暗自发笑 look after/take care of oneself照顾自己 say to oneself自言自语 think to oneself盘算,自思自忖 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 believe in oneself相信自己 考向二 考查普通不定代词的用法 others意为“其他人或物”=other+复数名词,本身相当于名词,不可再修饰名词。 常见普通不定代词的用法 1.both/neither/either/all/none ★都常与of连用,除none仅作代词外,前四个词既可作代词,又可作限定词修饰名词。 ①both意为“两者都”,修饰或指代复数可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 ②neither意为“两者都不”,修饰或指代单数可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。 ③either意为“两者中任何一个”,修饰或指代单数可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 ④all意为“全体,一切”,修饰或指代复数可数名词或不可数名词,指三者或三者以上的所有人或物。作主语时,谓语动词与其后名词的数保持一致。 ⑤none意为“没有一个,全无”,指代人或物,常用搭配none of。既可指代复数可数名词,也可指代不可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词可用单数或复数。 2.few/a few/little/a little ①a few/a little意为“少量的,一些”,a few修饰或指代可数名词,a little修饰或指代不可数名词。 ②few/little意为“几乎没有”,few修饰或指代可数名词,little修饰或指代不可数名词。 3.each/every ①each指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”,强调个体,可用作形容词或代词。 ②every指三者或三者以上中的“每一个”,强调整体,只可作形容词,不可单独使用。 ③each/every+名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 ④each可与of连用,every不可与of连用。 4.some/any ①some和any都可修饰或指代可数名词和不可数名词,表示“一些”。 ②some主要用在肯定句中,any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。但在疑问句中,如希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时,要用some。如: I could not answer any of her questions. 我无法回答她的任何问题。 Do you have any suggestions? 你有什么建议吗? Would you like some oranges? 你想要些橙子吗? 5.many/much ①两者都意为“许多,大量”。 ②many修饰或指代可数名词;much修饰或指代不可数名词。 6.another/other/the other/others/the others(见本书P48) 考向三 考查复合不定代词的用法 1.初中常见复合不定代词一览表 some- any- no- every- -body somebody(某人) anybody(任何人) nobody(没有人) everybody(每人) -one someone(某人) anyone(任何人) no one(没有人) everyone(每人) -thing something(某事) anything(任何事) nothing(没有东西) everything(每件事) 2.复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语,不能作定语。作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。如:Someone is crying in the room. 有人在房间里哭泣。 3.当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,必须放在其后。如: There is nothing difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。 We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else? 我们还需要一名帮手。你能帮我们再找个人吗? 【拓展】 1.常见含复合不定代词的句型: ①There is something wrong with... ……出问题了。 ②...have something/nothing to do with... ……与……有关/无关 ③sb. can do nothing but... 某人什么都不能做,只能…… ④There is nothing to... 没有什么要…… 2.somebody, anybody可指有一点地位或小有名气的人物;nobody指没有地位或默默无闻的人物。something往往指了不起的东西;nothing指无关紧要的东西。 常见的指示代词主要有:this/these/that/those/one/it。 1.this/these/that/those (1)this/these表近指;that/those表远指,也常用于比较结构,代替前面提到的名词,避免重复。如:  These are my sisters and those are my brothers. 这些是我的姐妹;那些是我的兄弟。  I had a cold yesterday. That is why I didn’t come. 我昨天感冒了。那就是我没来的原因。  The weather in Shanghai is better than that in Heilongjiang. 上海的天气比黑龙江的天气好。  The coats in this shop are more expensive than those in that shop. 这家商店的外套比那家商店的外套贵。 (2)在电话用语中,this指代自己,that指代对方。如:  -Hello! This is Jim. Who’s that? 喂,我是吉姆。你是哪位?  -Hey, Jim. This is Jack. 嘿,吉姆。我是杰克。 2.it/one/that (1)it指代上文中提到的同一事物,即同类同物。如:  I have a new bike. My father bought it yesterday. 我有一辆新的自行车。我爸爸昨天买的。 (2)one表泛指,指代上文提到的同类中的任何一个,即同类不同物,相当于a/an+名词。如:  I didn’t bring my pens today. Can you lend me one? 我今天没带钢笔。你能借我一支吗? (3)that指代上文提到过的那个名词。如:  The population of China is larger than that of America. 中国的人口比美国的多。 【拓展】it的特殊用法 1.it作形式主语的句型 ①It’s + adj. (+for sb.) + to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)是……  It’s important for us to learn Chinese well. 学好汉语对我们很重要。 ②It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 某人做某事是……  It’s nice of you to help me with housework. 你帮我做家务,你真好。 ③It’s +adj.+that从句  It’s true that she is a great scientist. 她确实是一位伟大的科学家。 ④It’s + n. +to do sth. /doing sth./that从句  It’s a pity that he can’t come to the party. 很遗憾他不能来参加聚会。 ⑤It takes/took (sb.) + 一段时间+ to do sth. 做某事花费(某人)多长时间。  It took me two hours to finish my homework. 我花了两个小时完成作业。 ⑥It is+done+that从句。如:  It is said that... 据说……;有人说…… It is believed that... 人们认为/相信……  It is reported that... 据报道…… It is known that... 众所周知…… 2.it作形式宾语,常用在动词find, think, make, consider, feel等之后。如:  I find it impossible to lie to her. 我觉得无法对她撒谎。 名校最新模拟 1.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)The students who do best in examinations are not always ________ with the best brains. A.one B.it C.those D.that 【答案】C 【详解】句意:考试成绩最好的学生并不总是那些头脑最聪明的学生。考查代词用法。one一个;it它;those那些;that那个。根据“The students who do best in examinations are not always...with the best brains”可知,此处指的是students,用those代指前面提到的人或物,故选C。 2.(2025·吉林松原·一模)—Judy, is that boy with glasses ________ new classmate? —Yes. Let’s say hello to ________. A.we; he B.us; himself C.our; him 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——朱迪,那个戴眼镜的男孩是我们的新同学吗?——是的。我们跟他打个招呼吧。 考查代词辨析。we我们,人称代词主格;he他,人称代词主格;us我们,人称代词宾格;himself他自己,反身代词;our我们的,形容词性物主代词;him他,人称代词宾格。第一空后有名词“new classmate”,因此填形容词性物主代词our;第二空前为介词“to”,指的是和“他”打招呼,填人称代词宾格him。故选C。 3.(2025·陕西西安·二模)—Leo, this is your camera. Is the white one your brother’s? —Yes, it’s ________. My mother bought it for ________ a week ago. A.his;him B.he’s;him C.he’s;he D.his;he 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——利奥,这是你的相机。白色的那个是你哥哥的吗?——是的,是他的。我妈妈一周前给他买的。考查代词辨析。he他,人称代词主格;him他,人称代词宾格;he’s他是;his他的,形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词。根据上文“Is the white one your brother’s?”可知,第一空需使用名词性物主代词(his)表示“哥哥的(相机)”,相当于“his camera”,B、C选项可排除。第二空介词“for”后需接宾语,因此需用宾格代词“him”。故选A。 4.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)If you can’t find the book here, you can go to ________ bookshop. A.another B.other C.the other D.others 【答案】A 【详解】句意:如果你在这里找不到那本书,你可以去另一家书店。考查代词辨析。another三者或三者以上之中的另一个;other其他的,后跟名词复数;the other两者之中的另一个;others其他的,相当于other+名词。根据“you can go to…bookshop”可知,此处表示多个之中的另一个。故选A。 5.(2025·福建泉州·一模)I have several books on Chinese painting. You can borrow _______ if you want. A.one B.it C.that 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我有几本关于中国绘画的书。如果你想借,可以借一本。考查代词辨析。one泛指同类中的“一个”;it特指前文提到的同一事物 (单数);that通常指代特定事物或对比。根据“I have several books on Chinese painting.”可知,此处表示“借一本”,而非特定的一本,所以填one,故选A。 6.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)The dictionary belongs to ________. A.mine B.me C.I D.my 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这本字典是我的。考查代词辨析。mine我的,名词性物主代词;me我,宾格;I我,主格;my我的,形容词性物主代词。belong to sb“属于某人”,此处应用宾格作宾语。故选B。 7.(2025·福建泉州·一模)—Is this your 3D printer, Maria? —No, it’s not _______. A.mine B.yours C.hers 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——这是你的3D打印机吗,玛丽亚?——不,这不是我的。考查代词辨析。mine我的;yours你的;hers她的。根据“Is this your 3D printer, Maria?”可知,玛丽亚回答“这不是我的”,故选A。 8.(2025·湖北武汉·模拟预测)—Has the problem been solved? —Not yet. Though we have two plans, ________ of them works very well. A.both B.neither C.either D.none 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——问题解决了吗?——还没有。虽然我们有两个计划,但两个都不太奏效。考查代词辨析。both两者都;neither两者都不;either两者中任何一个;none没有 (用于三者或以上)。根据“Though we have two plans, ... of them works very well.”可知,虽然有两个计划,但都不太奏效,因此此处表示“两者都不”。故选B。 9.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)All the students went to the zoo except ________. A.she and I B.me and her C.her and me D.I and she. 【答案】C 【详解】句意: 除了她和我,所有的学生都去了动物园。考查人称代词。she她,主格;I我,主格;her她,宾格;me我,宾格。except是介词,后面接人称代词宾格;当两个人称代词并列时,先考虑第三人称,再考虑第一人称,最后考虑第二人称,所以her在me前。故选C。 10.(2025·甘肃定西·一模)Readers can get the general idea of a book from ________ introduction. A.its B.your C.our D.her 【答案】A 【详解】句意:读者可以从引言中大致了解一本书。考查代词辨析。its它的;your你的、你们的;our我们的;her她的。根据“Readers can get the general idea of a book”可知此处指书的引言,用its指代。故选A。 11.(2025·四川成都·一模)—David, is this movie magazine yours or Jenny’s? —Oh. It’s ________. She is a movie lover. I dislike movies. A.mine B.hers C.yours 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——大卫,这本电影杂志是你的还是珍妮的?——哦。这是她的。她是个电影爱好者。我不喜欢电影。考查代词辨析。mine我的;hers她的;yours你的。根据“is this movie magazine yours or Jenny’s?”以及“She is a movie lover”可知此处表示这本电影杂志是珍妮的,用代词hers。故选B。 12.(2025·福建三明·一模)—Never tell the strangers ________ personal by WeChat or QQ. —OK. I’ll keep it in mind. A.something B.everything C.anything 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——永远不要通过微信或QQ告诉陌生人任何个人信息。——好的。我会记住的。考查不定代词辨析。something一些事,常用于肯定句中,也可用于表示建议或请求的疑问句中;everything一切事;anything任何事,常用于否定句或疑问句中。由“Never tell the strangers”可知,此处为否定句,表示任何个人信息,用anything。故选C。 13.(2025·江苏宿迁·一模)—Who was calling you on the phone just now? —______ was my best friend, Amy. A.He B.His C.It D.Its 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——刚才谁给你打电话?——是我最好的朋友,艾米。考查代词辨析。He他;His他的;It它;Its它的。根据“Who was calling you on the phone just now”可知,是询问对方是谁,指代不明身份的人,常用代词it。故选C。 14.(2025·四川成都·一模)—I think ________ is at the door! —I heard the knock too. It could be Carla. A.somebody B.everybody C.nobody 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——我认为有人在门口!——我也听到了敲门声。可能是Carla。考查复合不定代词。somebody某人;everybody每个人;nobody没有人。根据“I heard the knock too. It could be Carla.”可知,此处是说有人在敲门。故选A。 15.(2025·四川成都·一模)—The last bus left 10 minutes ago and we just missed ________. Why don’t we take a taxi? —Good idea! A.that B.it C.one 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——最后一班公交车10分钟前离开了,我们刚好错过了。为什么不乘出租车呢? ——好主意!  考查代词辨析。that那个;it它;one一个。根据“The last bus left 10 minutes ago and we just missed”可知,空处指错过了“刚才提到的那辆公交车”,是特指,应用it。故选B。 16.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)She bought some books and decided to send _______ to her friends as gifts. A.theirs B.their C.them D.themselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意:她买了一些书,决定把它们作为礼物送给她的朋友。考查代词辨析。theirs它们的,名词性物主代词;their它们的,形容词性物主代词;them它们,人称代词宾格;themselves它们自己,反身代词。根据“send … to her friends”可知,此处是指把它们送给她的朋友,应用人称代词宾格them作动词“send”的宾语。故选C。 17.(24-25九年级上·福建福州·期末)Creative ideas can come from ________ around us. A.everything B.nobody C.nowhere 【答案】A 【详解】句意:创意可以来自我们周围的一切。考查不定代词。everything每件事物,一切事物;nobody没有人;nowhere无处,哪里都不。根据“Creative ideas can come from...around us.”可知我们周围的任何事物都有可能带来创意。故选A。 18.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)She opened the door, but there was ________ inside, just an empty room. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 【答案】D 【详解】句意:她打开门,但里面什么也没有,只有一个空房间。考查代词辨析。something某事;anything任何事;everything一切;nothing没有什么。根据“just an empty room.”可知,应说里面什么都没有,nothing符合语境。故选D。 19.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)You can ________ call me later or send an email with your questions. A.neither B.none C.either D.all 【答案】C 【详解】句意:你要么稍后给我打电话要么把你的问题通过电子邮件发给我。考查代词辨析。neither两者都不;none没有人;either(两者之中)任何一个;all全部。根据“You can...call me later or send an email with your questions.”可知,此处考查固定搭配,either...or...“要么……要么……”,表示你要么稍后给我打电话要么把你的问题通过电子邮件发给我。故选C。 20.(2025·上海金山·一模)Kevin is thinking about ________, such as a poster, to call attention to homeless animals. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 【答案】A 【详解】句意:凯文正在考虑一些东西,比如海报,以引起人们对流浪动物的关注。考查代词辨析。something某事,常用于肯定句;anything任何事物,常用于否定句或疑问句;nothing没有什么;everything每件事。根据“Kevin is thinking about…such as a poster, to call attention to homeless animals.”的语境并结合选项可知,此处指正在考虑一些东西,此句为肯定句,something符合。故选A。 真题演练 21.(2024·四川·中考真题)My mother’s birthday is coming, and I will buy a gift for ________. A.she B.hers C.her D.herself 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我妈妈的生日快到了,我要给她买礼物。考查代词辨析。she她,主格;hers她的,名词性物主代词;her她,宾格;herself她自己,反身代词。此处表示给妈妈买一个礼物,作介词的宾语,用代词宾格her。故选C。 22.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—Father’s Day is coming. What’s your gift for your father? —I’ve decided to make a cake for ________. A.he B.her C.him D.his 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——父亲节快到了。你为你父亲准备了什么礼物?——我决定给他做个蛋糕。考查代词辨析。he他,主格;her她;him他,宾格;his他的。根据“What’s your gift for your father?”可知,空处指代父亲,作介词for的宾语,应该用宾格him。故选C。 23.(2024·海南·中考真题)I went to Mr Chen’s office to ask ________ some English questions, but he wasn’t in. A.him B.her C.you 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我去陈先生的办公室问他一些英语问题,但是他不在。考查代词辨析。him他;her她;you你。根据“I went to Mr Chen’s office to ask…some English questions, but he wasn’t in.”可知,此处是去找陈先生,因此用代词“him”指代Mr Chen。故选A。 24.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—Oh! I forgot to bring ________ ruler. —Don’t worry. I can share mine with you. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——哦!我忘了带尺子。——别担心。我可以和你分享我的。考查代词辨析。I我,主格;me我,宾格;my我的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词。修饰名词ruler用形容词性物主代词。故选C。 25.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)—Who was calling you on the phone just now? —________ was my cousin. A.He B.She C.It D.This 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——刚才是谁给你打电话?——是我表妹。考查代词辨析。He他;She她;It它;This这。根据“Who was calling you on the phone just now”可知,是询问对方是谁,指代不明身份的人常用代词it。故选C。 26.(2024·西藏·中考真题)He can use Chat GPT-4 by ________ without my help. A.him B.her C.himself D.herself 【答案】C 【详解】句意:他可以在没有我帮助的情况下使用Chat GPT-4。考查代词辨析。him他;her她;himself他自己;herself她自己。by oneself“独自”,主语是He,反身代词用himself。故选C。 27.(2024·西藏·中考真题)It takes ________ 23 minutes to get to the library by subway. A.she B.he C.her D.his 【答案】C 【详解】句意:她乘地铁到图书馆需要23分钟。考查代词辨析。she她;he他;her她;his他的。根据“It takes”结构可知,动词后的人称代词用宾格,只有her是宾格形式。故选C。 28.(2024·江苏镇江·中考真题)Chemistry is as interesting as Physics. ________ of them help students explore the science world. A.Neither B.Both C.All D.None 【答案】B 【详解】句意:化学和物理一样有趣。它们都帮助学生探索科学世界。考查代词辨析。Neither两者都不;Both两者都;All三者或三者以上都;None三者或三者以上都不。根据“Chemistry is as interesting as Physics”可知,这里指的化学和物理两者都可以帮助学生探索科学世界,故选B。 29.(2024·江苏常州·中考真题)Little Mary was proud of ______ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online. A.herself B.hers C.she D.her 【答案】A 【详解】句意:小玛丽为自己感到骄傲,因为她教李叔叔如何在网上借书。考查代词辨析。herself她自己;hers她的;she她;her她/她的。根据“Little Mary was proud of …because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online.”可知,此处指为她自己感到骄傲,故选A。 30.(2024·山东菏泽·中考真题)—Hey! Our father’s birthday is coming. —Let’s buy a T-shirt for ________ this afternoon. A.him B.her C.you 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——嘿!我们爸爸的生日快到了。——今天下午我们给他买件T恤吧。考查代词辨析。him他;her她;you你,你们。根据“Our father’s birthday is coming.”可知,此处指爸爸,用him作宾语,故选A。 考点四 冠词 1.不定冠词a/an的用法(a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an 用于元音音素开头的词前。注意:区别元/辅音字母和元/辅音音素) 用法 示例 泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类 My mother bought me a book. 用于首次提到的单数可数名词前 I went to the shop and bought a watch. 用于泛指人或物的身份或性质 A teacher can influence many students. 用于序数词前表示“又一,再一” After reading the story, he wants to read a second time. 用于替代弱化的one“一” I have an umbrella. 表示“每一”,相当于every He goes to the shop three times a week. 用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前 He ate with a knife and fork. 用于物质名词前,表示“一杯、一份、一阵”等 What a heavy rain it was! 【拓展】常见的易混用不定冠词a和an的情况 易混类别 示例 Aa an actor, an apple, an artist, an amazing singer, an American writer, an astronaut Ee an egg, an eight-year-old girl, an exciting job, an eleven-year-old girl 【易错】a European country i an idea, an interesting story, an important part o an old man, an orange one, an outgoing girl 【易错】a one-month holiday Uu an umbrella, an unusual experience, an unhappy girl, an ugly man 【易错】a UFO, a unit, a university, a useless/useful suggestion, a usual trip 英文字母前 26个英文字母中,前面用an的有:a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x(口诀助记:Mr. Li has one fox) 特别记 an honest boy, an hour, an honor, a hero 易混助记: ①在部分数词前要用an,主要有8,18,80,800,11等。如: An 18-year-old girl finished the dance competition successfully. 一个18岁的女孩成功地完成了舞蹈比赛。 ②In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walked with a useful tool. This is a usual thing. 在一所大学里,一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具走着。这是一件平常之事。 ③An hour ago, an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task. 一个小时以前,一个诚实的人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物,然后去完成一项光荣的任务。 2.定冠词the的用法 用法 示例 特指说话双方都知道的人或物 She went to the supermarket to buy some fruit. 用在单数可数名词前表一类人或者事物 The train goes faster than the bus. 指上文提过的人或物 There is a bed in the room. And the bed is mine. 用在next, last, same, only等词前 I’m the only child in my family. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前 The sun is shining brightly. 用于序数词或形容词和副词最高级前 He is the tallest boy in his class. 用于江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛等名称之前 the Pacific Ocean;the Yellow River;the Yangtze River 用在乐器名称前 She likes playing the piano. 用于形容词前,表一类人或事物 The young should help the old. 用于姓氏复数前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人” The Greens will go boating with us. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall;the Summer Palace;the United States 用在年代前 in the 1980s 3.零冠词的用法 用法 示例 表示泛指意义的物质名词、抽象名词前 Money can’t buy you happiness. 在一日三餐、球类运动、语言、棋类、学科等名词前 have supper;play football;play chess;learn English 不可数名词、复数名词前(泛指某类人或事物时) Children like animals. 在星期、月份、季节、西方节日前 (注意:我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前,要加定冠词the,如the Mid-Autumn Festival) on Friday;in March;in spring;Mother’s Day 在称呼语、职位、头衔等名词前 We made him manager of the company. 人名、地名、街道名、城市名、州、省、机场以及大多数大学、公园等专有名词前 Beijing Street;Baiyun Airport 名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any, every, each等限定词修饰时 My pen is much more expensive than yours. 与by连用的交通工具名词前 by train, by bus 4.易错提醒   在一些固定词组中,有无定冠词时意义区别很大。如: go to school 去上学 go to hospital 去看病 at table 在吃饭/用餐 in bed 卧床 next year 明年 in class 在上课 in front of在……(外部的)前面 go to the school 去学校 go to the hospital 去医院 at the table 在桌旁 in the bed 在床上 the next year 第二年 in the class 在班里 in the front of在……(内部的)前面 考向二 考查固定搭配中冠词的用法 1.含有不定冠词的常见词组 ①动词词组 come to an end 结束     have a good time玩得高兴  have a cold 患感冒 have a headache 患头疼 have a try 试一试 have a look 看一看 have a bath 洗个澡 live a good life过好生活 keep a diary 记日记 keep a secret 保守秘密 make a living谋生 make a difference影响;有作用 make a mess弄得一团糟 make an effort作出努力 pay a visit to拜访 play a part参与;发挥作用 take a break/rest休息 take a message捎个口信 take/have an interest in对……感兴趣 give sb. a hand给予某人帮助 give sb. a lift=give sb. a ride让某人搭便车 ②介词词组 for a while一会儿     in a word总而言之     in a hurry 匆忙地 in a loud voice大声地 in a moment 立刻 in a sense在某种意义上 with a smile 面带微笑 as a result因此 all of a sudden突然 ③其他词组 a few/little少量的;一些    a lot/number of 许多     a great deal大量 a moment ago 刚才 half an hour 半小时 once upon a time很久以前 once a week每周一次 2.含有定冠词的常见词组 ①与时间相关的词组 all the time一直             all the year round 一年到头    at the same time同时 at the beginning/end of在……开始/结束时 at the moment此刻 at the age of 在……岁时 in the morning在早上 in the past 在过去 in the end最后 the next day 第二天 the week after next下下周(2017.21) for the first time第一次 ②与地点相关的词组 at the back/foot of在……的后面/脚下  in the middle of在……的中间  on the right/left在右边/左边 in/on/to the east of在……的东部 in the sky在天空中 all over the world全世界 ③其他词组 all the same仍然 by the way顺便问一下 in the way挡路 go to the cinema/movies看电影 have the flu患流感 make the bed铺床 make the team加入(球)队 on the whole总之;大体上 to tell the truth说实话 with the help of在……的帮助下 do the cooking/washing/shopping做饭/洗衣/购物 3.不用冠词的常见词组 at night/noon在夜里/中午   at home在家     at once立刻 at first/last 首先/最后 by mistake错误地 in danger在危险中 in fact事实上 on foot 步行 in time及时 on time 准时 go to school/work去上学/上班 have fun玩得开心 lose heart丧失信心 day and night夜以继日 day after day日复一日 hand in hand手牵手 face to face面对面 step by step一步一步地 arm in arm臂挽着臂 名校最新模拟 1.(2025·江苏连云港·模拟预测)India is _______ Asian country with a large number of people. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】B 【详解】句意:印度是一个拥有大量人口的亚洲国家。考查冠词辨析。a一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表示特指;/零冠词。句子中“Asian”以元音音素开头,因此应使用不定冠词“an”表示泛指。故选B。 2.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)She likes playing ________ piano, but her brother likes playing ________ football. A.the; the B.the; / C./; the D./; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意:她喜欢弹钢琴,但是她的哥哥喜欢踢足球。考查冠词用法。the表特指,定冠词;/表示不填,零冠词。第一空,空后“piano”属于乐器,乐器的名词前要加定冠词the,排除C和D;第二空,空后“football”属于球类,球类运动名词前不加冠词,排除A。故选B。 3.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—Have you seen ________ movie Hi, Mom? It’s really moving. —Yes, I have. I went to see it with my family last weekend. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你看过电影《你好,李焕英》吗?它真的很感人。——是的,我看了。上周末我和家人去看了。考查冠词。a一个,修饰辅音音素开头的单词;an一个,修饰元音音素开头的单词;the定冠词,表特指;/ 零冠词。空处特指《你好,李焕英》这部电影,用定冠词the修饰。故选C。 4.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)The Anhui government launched a new initiative to protect the Yangtze River’s ecosystem. ________ project aims to restore wetlands and reduce pollution. A.A B.An C.The D./ 【答案】C 【详解】句意:安徽政府启动了一项新举措来保护长江的生态系统。该项目旨在恢复湿地和减少污染。 考查定冠词的用法。A一个,表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;An一个,表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;The这个,表特指;/零冠词。此处的项目特指前面提到的新举措,用定冠词The。故选C。 5.(2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)Dear boys and girls, it’s just ________ usual exam, please finish it as ________ as you can. A.an; careful B.a; more carefully C.a; carefully 【答案】C 【详解】句意:亲爱的同学们,这只是一场普通的考试,请尽可能仔细地完成。考查冠词及副词的用法。an泛指一个,不定冠词,用于元音音素开头的单词前;a泛指一个,不定冠词,用于辅音音素开头的单词前。第一空,usual是以辅音音素开头的单词,用a。careful仔细的,形容词;more carefully更仔细地,副词比较级;carefully仔细地,副词。根据“please finish it as...as you can.”可知此处需使用副词修饰动词finish,且在as...as...“和……一样……”结构中,副词需要使用原级,用carefully。故选C。 6.(2025·辽宁·模拟预测)My host family is taking me to _________ English film festival next weekend. A.an B.a C.the D./ 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我的寄宿家庭下周末要带我去看一个英语电影节。考查冠词辨析。an一,泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;a一,泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;the特指;/零冠词。根据“English film festival”可知,此处泛指一个电影节,且“English”是元音音素开头的单词,故选A。 7.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)At five, Jack learned to play ________ baseball. A.an B.the C.a D./ 【答案】D 【详解】句意:五岁时,杰克学会了打棒球。考查冠词用法。an一个,用于元音音素前;the这个;a一个,用于辅音音素前;/不填。球类前不用冠词,故选D。 8.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)My sister likes music, and she can play ________ piano very well. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我姐姐喜欢音乐,她钢琴弹得很好。考查冠词。a一个,修饰辅音音素开头的单词;an一个,修饰元音音素开头的单词;the定冠词表特指;/零冠词。根据“piano”可知,乐器前面要加定冠词the,play the piano“弹钢琴”。故选C。 9.(2025·陕西西安·二模)—I want to buy ________ T-shirt for my father as his birthday gift. —How about ________ black T-shirt? A.a; / B.a; the C.an; the D.an; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我想给我父亲买一件T恤作为他的生日礼物。——那件黑色的T恤怎么样?考查冠词辨析。a一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个;用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the表示特指。第一空根据“T-shirt ”可知,此处表示泛指,用不定冠词;T-shirt”以辅音音素开头,因此用a。第二空根据“How about ... black T-shirt”可知,说话者指的是具体意见黑色T恤,因此特指,用定冠词the。故选B。 10.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)This is ________ useful book. I’ve learned a lot from it. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这是一本有用的书。我从中学到了很多。考查冠词用法。a一个,不定冠词,用在辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,不定冠词,用在元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指;/零冠词。根据句子结构,句中book是可数名词单数形式,且此处不是表特指,所以应该用不定冠词修饰;useful是辅音音素/j/开头的单词,所以应该用a修饰。故选A。 11.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)________ Amazon River is the second longest river in the world. A.A B.An C.The D./ 【答案】C 【详解】句意:亚马逊河是世界上第二长河。考查冠词的用法。A不定冠词,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;An不定冠词,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;The定冠词;/不填。河流、山脉、海洋等地理名称前应用冠词the。故选C。 12.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)Eddie said he saw ________ UFO in ________ sky last night. A.a; a B.the; the C.an; the D.a; the 【答案】D 【详解】句意:Eddie说他昨天晚上在天空看到一个UFO。考查冠词用法。第一空表示泛指的“一个”,且UFO以辅音音素开头,其前应用不定冠词a;in the sky“在天空中”,固定短语。故选D。 13.(2025·福建泉州·一模)Lifelong learning plays _______ important part in today’s fast-changing world. A.a B.an C.the 【答案】B 【详解】句意:在当今快速变化的世界中,终身学习起着重要的作用。考查冠词用法。a一个,不定冠词,表泛指,用于辅音音素开头单词前;an一个,不定冠词,表泛指,用于元音音素开头单词前;the那个,定冠词,表特指。根据“Lifelong learning plays ... important part in today’s fast-changing world”可知,此处表示泛指,“important”以元音音素开头,因此应使用不定冠词“an”,play an important part in“在……中起着重要作用”。故选B。 14.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)Anhui government has been promoting the development of new energy vehicles. Now, more and more people in Anhui are choosing to buy them. ________ new energy vehicles are becoming more and more popular in our daily life. A.A B.An C.The D./ 【答案】D 【详解】句意:安徽政府一直在推动新能源汽车的发展。现在,越来越多的安徽人选择购买它们。新能源汽车在我们的日常生活中变得越来越受欢迎。考查冠词的用法。A不定冠词,泛指一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;An不定冠词,泛指一个,用于元音音素开头的单词前;The定冠词,表示特指;/零冠词,表示不用冠词的情况。此处“new energy vehicles”是名词复数,泛指一类,前面不用冠词。故选D。 15.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)I left ________‘s’ when I wrote the word ‘press’, so I didn’t get full mark. A.a B.the C.an D./ 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我写“press”这个单词时漏写了一个“s”,所以我没有得到满分。考查冠词辨析。a一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;the这,特指; an一个,用于元音音素前;/不填。由于字母“s”的发音是/es/,以元音音素/e/开头,因此应使用冠词“an”。故选C。 16.(2025·甘肃定西·一模)________ Greens are planning to visit Sanya for their winter vacation. A.A B.An C.The D./ 【答案】C 【详解】句意:格林一家正计划去三亚度寒假。考查冠词。A一(表泛指,用于辅音音素前);An一(表泛指,用于元音音素前);The这/那(表特指)。“the+姓氏复数”是固定表达,表示“……一家人”。故选C。 17.(2025·四川成都·一模)As a part-time job, Daniel used to teach ________ European student to speak Chinese when he was in university. A.a B.an C.\ 【答案】A 【详解】句意:作为一份兼职工作,丹尼尔在大学时曾经教过一个欧洲学生说中文。考查冠词。此处泛指一个欧洲学生,应用不定冠词,European以辅音音素开头,应用a。故选A。 18.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)Members in the hiking group decided to cross the river—two at _______ time for safety. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】A 【详解】句意:徒步旅行小组的成员们为了安全决定一次两人过河。考查冠词的用法。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the是定冠词表特指;/ 表示零冠词。根据空前“Members in the hiking group decided to cross the river—two”以及空后“for safety”可知,此处表示每次两人过河来保障安全,time“次数”,作可数名词,time以辅音音素开头,不定冠词用a。故选A。 19.(2025·上海闵行·一模)Panda Ya Ya will spend ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】C 【详解】句意:熊猫丫丫将在她的家乡中国度过余生。考查冠词用法。a一个,不定冠词,表泛指,常用于以辅音音素开头的字母或单词前;an一个,不定冠词,表泛指,常用于以元音音素开头的字母或单词前;the这个,定冠词,表特指;/不填。根据“spend…rest of her life”可知,此处指度过余生,the rest of one’s life“余生”。故选C。 20.(2025·上海长宁·一模)Maria is known as ________ honest girl, and her word is always trusted. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】B 【详解】句意:玛丽亚是出了名的诚实姑娘,她的话总是可信的。考查冠词辨析。a一,泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一,泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the特指。根据“honest girl”可知,此处泛指“一个诚实的女孩”,且honest是元音音素开头的单词。故选B。 真题演练 21.(2024·四川·中考真题)Can you lend me ________ book that you bought yesterday? A.an B.the C.a D.不填 【答案】B 【详解】句意:你能把你昨天买的书借给我吗?考查冠词。根据“book that you bought yesterday”可知此处特指昨天买的书,用定冠词the。故选B。 22.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Zhan Tianyou is ________ engineer and he is called the “Father of China’s Railroad”. A./ B.a C.an D.the 【答案】C 【详解】句意:詹天佑是一名工程师,他被称为“中国铁路之父”。考查冠词用法。此处表示泛指,engineer以元音音素开头,前面应使用不定冠词an。故选C。 23.(2024·山东菏泽·中考真题)—What________ interesting book! —Yes, ________book is really amazing. A.a; an B.an; the C.an; a 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——多有趣的书啊!——是的,这本书真的很棒。考查冠词。第一空是泛指一本有趣的书,interesting以元音音素开头,应用an;第二空是特指上文提到的那本书,应用定冠词the。故选B。 24.(2024·吉林·中考真题)There is _________ river near our school. We never throw rubbish into it. A.the B.a C./ 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我们学校附近有一条河。我们从不往里面扔垃圾。考查冠词辨析。the定冠词;a不定冠词,表泛指。此处泛指一条河,且river以辅音音素开头,其前加不定冠词a。故选B。 25.(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)—Shenzhou-18 with three astronauts was sent up on April 25th, 2024. It’s such ________ exciting event. —Yes. And the astronauts are our heroes. I want to be ________ useful person like them. A.a, an B.an, a C.a, the 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——神舟十八号搭载三名航天员于2024年4月25日发射升空。这是一个激动人心的事件。——是的。宇航员是我们的英雄。我想成为像他们一样有用的人。考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词,表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词,表泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词。第一空泛指一个激动人心的事件,exciting以元音音素发音开头,其前加an。第二空泛指一个有用的人,useful以辅音音素发音开头,其前加a。故选B。 26.(2024·天津·中考真题)My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful. A.a; the B.an; the C.不填; 不填 D.an; 不填 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我奶奶有一个花园。里面的花很漂亮。考查冠词的用法。第一处泛指一个花园,“garden”首字母发辅音音素,用a;第二处特指花园里的花,用定冠词the。故选A。 27.(2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题)Linda often plays ________ piano after school. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】C 【详解】句意:琳达放学后经常弹钢琴。考查冠词用法。piano是乐器,其前应加定冠词the。play the piano“弹钢琴”。故选C。 28.(2024·山东滨州·中考真题)—The final exam is coming. How is it going? —Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as _________ usual one. I think I can make it. A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——期末考试就要来了。最近怎么样?——还不错,谢谢。我只是把它当作平常的一场考试。我想我能做到。考查冠词。a一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the表特指;/不填。此处表示泛指,当作一场平常的考试,usual是以辅音音素开头的,故选A。 29.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)I bought a new computer last weekend. ________ computer is made in China. A.A B.An C.The D./ 【答案】C 【详解】句意:上周末我买了一台新电脑。这台电脑是中国制造的。考查冠词的用法。此处特指前句中提到的电脑,用定冠词the。故选C。 30.(2024·四川达州·中考真题)Mike is ________ honest boy. We all trust him. A.a B.an C.the 【答案】B 【详解】句意:迈克是一个诚实的男孩。我们都信任他。考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词,表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词,表泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词。此处泛指一个诚实的男孩,且honest以元音音素开头,其前加不定冠词an。故选B。 考点五 数词 考向一 考查基数词的用法 1. 基数词的构成 构成 例词 构成 例词 1-12为独立的单词 one two three eleven twelve 几十几 45: forty-five 13-19以-teen结尾 thirteen fifteen eighteen 几百几 278: two hundred and seventy-eight 整十数 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, ninety 易错点 4,14,40:four;fourteen;forty 2.基数词的用法 ①表示日期。年用基数词,日用序数词:March 1st, 2024 ②表示时刻。几点过几分,用past;差几分到几点,用to。如:4:10 ten past four 4:45 a quarter to five ③表顺序和编号。“名词+基数词”,首字母大写:Room 203 ④表示电话号码。用基数词,单个读。重复数字可读double。 ⑤表示年代。in the+年份复数: in the 1940s 在20世纪40年代 ⑥表示年龄。“基数词+years old”:20 years old 20岁 “at the age of+基数词”: at the age of 20 在20岁 “in one’s +整十数复数”:in her fifties 在她50多岁时 ⑦表示倍数和次数。一次once,两倍/次twice,三倍/次及以上用“基数词+times”:four times四倍/次 ⑧基数词+概数词(hundred/thousand/million)+名词复数,表示确切的数字。如:nine hundred dollars 九百美元 【拓展】 1.“基数词+连字符+单数名词”相当于复合形容词。如:a five-minute ride=five minutes’ ride 骑车5分钟的路程 2.“another+基数词+可数名词复数”=基数词+more+可数名词复数,如:another two bags= two more bags 另外两个包 3.基数词与表示时间、距离、重量、金钱、度量等词连用作主语时,常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数。如: Twenty years is quite a long time. 20年真的是很长的一段时间。 考向二 考查序数词的用法 1.基数词变序数词的规则 ①第1至第3: first, second, third ②第4至第19,基数词+-th: fourth,eleventh(特殊记:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth) ③整十数,基数词词尾-y变-i加-eth: twentieth, thirtieth ④几十几,个位变,十位不变: fifty-first 口诀助记: 基变序,有规律,末尾加上-th;一二三,特殊记,结尾各是t,d,d;八加-h,九去-e,-ve要用-f替; 以y结尾变-ie,后跟-th莫忘记;若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。 2.序数词的用法 ①加the表顺序。如: The second picture is very beautiful. 第二幅画很漂亮。 ②前有my, your, Jack’s等限定词时不加the。如:my first time to come here 我第一次来到这里 ③加不定冠词a或an,表示“又一,再一”。如: a second time 第二次 ④修饰谓语动词时,省略the。如:She came third in the race. 她在比赛中获得第三名。 ⑤物品编号。如:the second page=Page 2 ⑥与基数词连用时,通常置于基数词前。如:the first five pages of the book 这本书的前五页 3.判定空处用序数词的方法 ①the+序数词+名词。如:It was the first game of the season. 那是本赛季的第一场比赛。 ②形容词性物主代词+序数词+名词。如:This is her third win in a row. 这是她连续获得的第三次胜利。 ③在文章中罗列步骤,与其他序数词并列。如考向二例题。 考向三 考查分数的用法 1.分数的构成 分数是由基数词和序数词相结合来表达的。分子用基数词,分母用序数词;如果分子大于1,分母要用序数词复数形式。如: one third 三分之一 two thirds 三分之二 2.主谓一致 谓语动词的数与分数后的名词的数保持一致。“分数+of+限定词+名词复数” 作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式;“分数+of+限定词+不可数名词/名词单数”作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。如: About two thirds of the students in this class go to school by bus. 这个班里约三分之二的学生坐公共汽车上学。 Three fifths of the water in this area was polluted. 这片区域里五分之三的水被污染了。 3.quarter,half 和 percent 的用法 四分之一通常用 a/one quarter 来表示;四分之三通常用three quarters 来表示;二分之一通常用a/one half 来表示;百分之几通常用“基数词+percent”来表示,如:30% 可以表达为“30 percent”。 名校最新模拟 1.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—What’s the population of China? —It’s about 1.4 ________. A.billion B.billions C.millions D.thousand 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——中国的人口是多少?——大约14亿。考查大数的表达。billion十亿,million百万,thousand千。根据常识,中国人口约14亿,用1.4 billion,billion前面有具体数字时,用单数形式,故选A。 2.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)According to a survey, two thirds of the 100 people support environmental actions. —How many people support environmental actions? —It’s about ________ people. A.fifty seven B.sixty seven C.sixty six D.seventy six 【答案】B 【详解】句意:根据一项调查,100人中有三分之二的人支持环保行动。——多少人支持环保行动?——大约67人。考查数字运算。根据“two thirds of the 100 people support environmental actions”可知。100人中有三分之二的人支持环保行动,即大约67人。故选B。 3.(2025·陕西西安·二模)My sister is ________ years old. And today is her ________ birthday. A.twelfth; twelfth B.twelve; twelve C.twelfth; twelve D.twelve; twelfth 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我的妹妹十二岁了。今天是她的十二岁生日。考查基数词和序数词。twelve十二,基数词;twelfth第十二,序数词。根据“My sister is…years old. And today is her…birthday.”可知,基数词加上years old,表示人的年纪,故第一个空应填入基数词twelve,第二个空应填入序数词twelfth,修饰单数名词birthday。故选D。 4.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)We’ll have a ________ holiday. My parents will leave me ________ and I will feel ________. A.seven-days, alone, lonely B.seven-day, alone, lonely C.seven-day, lonely, alone D.seven-days, lonely, alone 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我们将有一个为期7天的假期。我的父母会把我一个人留下,我会感到孤独。考查基数词的用法、动词短语和形容词作表语。seven-days, alone, lonely七天,独自一人,孤独的;seven-day, alone, lonely七天的,独自一人,孤独的;seven-day, lonely, alone七天的,孤独的,独自一人;seven-days, lonely, alone七天,孤独的,独自一人。第一个空表示一个“七天的”假期,为定语,基数词与名词构成复合形容词时,词与词之间用连字符,且其中的名词用单数形式,应为“seven-day”;第二个空为动词短语“leave sb alone”,意为“把某人独自留下”;第三个空前有感官动词feel,后加形容词,作表语,lonely意为“孤独的,寂寞的”,带有感情色彩,此处指我感觉孤独,符合语境,故选B。 5.(2025·甘肃定西·一模)These TV shows were very popular in China ________, but no one watches them now. A.in the 1900 B.in 1900s C.in the 1900s D.on the 1900s 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这些电视节目在20世纪90年代的中国非常受欢迎,但现在没人看了。 考查年代的表达。在英语中,表示“在哪一年”,常用“in+年份”;若表示“在某一年代”,则用“in+the+逢十的基数词的复数”来表示,是固定用法。结合选项,空处应是“in the 1900s”,表示20世纪90年代。故选C。 6.(2025·上海静安·一模)Five ________ students in our school took part in the opening ceremony of the Tourism Festival. A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundredth D.hundreds of 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们学校有五百名学生参加了旅游节的开幕式。考查hundred的用法。“hundred”表示“百”,当其前面有具体数字修饰时,不用复数,也不与of连用;当表示概数时,要用其复数形式,且与of连用,即“hundreds of”表示“成百上千”。根据空前“Five”可知,此处表示具体几百,应用hundred。故选A。 7.(2024·广东珠海·模拟预测)________ of ________ Class Four students have joined the singing group. A.Four-fifths, the B.Four-fifth, the C.Four-fifths,  / D.Four-fifth,  / 【答案】A 【详解】句意:四班五分之四的学生加入了歌唱小组。考查分数表达和定冠词。第一空分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式,故排除B和D。第二空根据“Class Four students”可知,此处表特指,需用the修饰“students”。故选A。 8.(2024·甘肃嘉峪关·模拟预测)________ students like playing basketball in our school, and about ________ of them are boys. A.The number of; four fifths B.A number of; four fifth C.A number of; four fifths D.The number of; four five 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我们学校的很多学生喜欢打篮球,并且大约五分之四是男孩。考查分数表达法和主谓一致。The number of……的数量;A number of许多。根据“...students like playing basketball in our school”可知,很多学生喜欢打篮球,需A number of修饰;当分子大于1时,分母须用序数词的复数形式,four fifths表示“五分之四”。故选C。 9.(2024·广东珠海·模拟预测)—Which room shall we live in tonight?    —In ________. A.the Room 406 B.Room 406 C.the 406 Room D.406 Room 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我们今晚住哪个房间?——住406房间。考查房间号的表达方式。在英语中,房间号通常直接用“Room+数字”表示,不需要加冠词“the”或改变数字与“Room”的顺序,故B选项符合结构。故选B。 10.(2024·广东珠海·模拟预测)There are about ________ seats in the meeting hall. A.two hundreds B.two hundred C.hundreds of D.two hundred of 【答案】B 【详解】句意:会议厅里大约有200个座位。考查大数的表达。当hundred与数词连用时,表示一个具体的数字,后面不加s;当hundred与of+复数名词连用时,表示一个多而不具体的数字,后面加s。选项中AD为错误表达,设空处前是“about”,hundreds of表示“数百的”,是概数,与about冲突,因此应该填确切数字two hundred 。故选B。 11.(2024·河北石家庄·二模)________ visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation. A.Thousand B.Thousand of C.Thousands D.Thousands of 【答案】D 【详解】句意:假期期间,成千上万的游客来到洪崖洞拍照。考查数词的表达。表示具体的数量,用基数词+数词的单数形式,表示概数,用数词的复数形式+of。此处表示概数,此空应填Thousands of,故选D。 12.(2024·陕西西安·二模)There are _________ floors in the building. The art room is on the _________ floor. A.twelfth; twelfth B.twelve; twelve C.twelfth; twelve D.twelve; twelfth 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这栋楼有十二层。美术教室在十二楼。考查数词。twelve十二,基数词;twelfth第十二,序数词。第一空后是复数,表示楼层数用基数词;第二空后是单数名词,表示在第几层楼用序数词。故选D。 13.(2024·吉林长春·三模)On May Day, over ______ visitors came to Changchun to visit the “Snow Cake Monkey”. A.two million B.two million of C.two millions D.million of 【答案】A 【详解】句意:五一期间,长春有200多万游客前来参观“雪饼猴”。考查million的用法。当million前有具体数字时,不加s不加of;当无具体数字时,用结构millions of表概数。结合选项可知,选项A符合。故选A。 14.(2024·广西钦州·三模)I’ve never been to Qinzhou. This will be my ________ visit to the Sanniang Bay. A.first B.second C.third 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我从来没有去过钦州。这将是我第一次来到三娘湾。考查序数词。first第一;second第二;third第三。根据“I’ve never been to Qinzhou”可知从没有去过钦州,所以是第一次参观三娘湾。故选A。 15.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模)The ________ Olympic Games was held successfully in Beijing in 2008. A.twenty-nineth B.twenty-ninth C.twenty-nine 【答案】B 【详解】句意:第29届奥运会于2008年在北京成功举行。考查序数词。twenty-nineth拼写不正确;twenty-ninth第二十九,序数词;twenty-nine二十九,基数词。根据“The … Olympic Games”可知,此处表示“第二十九届奥运会”,应用序数词表顺序。故选B。 16.(2024·甘肃陇南·三模)—Is the _________ month of the year August? —No, it’s September. A.seventh B.eighth C.ninth D.tenth 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——一年中的第九个月是八月吗? ——不,是九月。考查序数词辨析。seventh第七;eighth第八;ninth第九;tenth第十。根据答语“No, it’s September.”可知,此处是谈论的是一年中的第九个月。故选C。 17.(2024·四川遂宁·二模)Heavy rainstorm on highways during the Spring Festival in 2024 led to ________ people losing control of their cars. A.thousands of B.two thousands of C.thousand of D.two thousands 【答案】A 【详解】句意:2024年春节期间,高速公路上的暴雨导致数千人失去了对汽车的控制。考查数字表达法。hundred、thousand、million等前面有具体数字修饰时,用其单数形式;和of连用表示概指时,用其复数形式,即hundreds/thousands/millions of。故选A。 18.(2024·甘肃陇南·二模)My grandma told me the number “9” stands for “Long lasting”. So I chose the ________ floor to live on. A.nine B.eighth C.ninth D.third 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我奶奶告诉我数字“9”代表“长久”。所以我选择住在九楼。考查序数词。nine九;eighth第八;ninth第九;third第三。根据“My grandma told me the number ‘9’ stands for ‘Long lasting’”以及表示楼层应用序数词可知,应用“第九”,故选C。 19.(2024·山东菏泽·二模)Nowadays, ________ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about ________ of them are adults. A.the number of; four fifths B.a number of; four fifth C.a number of; four fifths 【答案】C 【详解】句意:如今,很多人更喜欢华为手机,其中约五分之四是成年人。考查形容词短语及分数的表达。the number of……的数量,作主语时,谓语用单数;a number of很多,大量,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。根据谓语“like”可知,空一处指很多的人,用a number of;空二处表示是分数,分母用序数词,分子用基数词,当分子大于1时,分母需用复数,因此五分之四表示four fifths。故选C。 20.(2024·江苏宿迁·三模)Marx found it necessary to learn Russian when he was already _________. A.in fifties B.in the fifties C.in fiftieth D.in his fifties 【答案】D 【详解】句意:马克思在五十多岁时发现有必要学习俄语。考查年龄的表达。in one’s+逢十数字的复数形式表示 “在某人几十多岁时”。故选D。 真题演练 21.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—________ of the students in our class have passed the exam. —Oh, that means 20% of them should work harder. A.One fifth B.Four five C.Four fifths D.One five 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——我们班五分之四的学生通过了考试。——哦,那意味着他们中的20%应该更加努力。 考查分数表达。One fifth五分之一;Four five四五;Four fifths五分之四;One five一五。根据“20% of them should work harder”可知,有20%的学生没通过考试,即五分之一的学生没通过考试,那么通过考试的人数占五分之四。Four fifths表示五分之四。故选C。 22.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)—How long is the bridge? —About ________ long. A.two thousand metre B.two thousand metres C.two thousands metre D.two thousands metres 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——这座桥有多长?——大约2000米长。考查数词的表达。thousand前有基数词修饰,不加s,后面的名词用复数形式,故选B。 23.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ of the students are in the art club. A.Two third B.Two thirds C.Third two D.Thirds two 【答案】B 【详解】句意:三分之二的学生参加了艺术俱乐部。考查分数的表达。分数的表达中,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,且当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式。B选项Two thirds意为“三分之二”,符合语法规则。故选B。 24.(2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)There are ________ solar terms (节气) in a year. Lichun is the first one. A.twenty-four B.twenty-fourth C.the twenty-fourth 【答案】A 【详解】句意:一年有二十四个节气。立春是第一个。考查数词用法。twenty-four二十四,基数词;twenty-fourth第二十四,序数词;the twenty-fourth第二十四。根据“There are...solar terms (节气) in a year.”可知,此处表示“有二十四个节气”,用基数词强调数量。故选A。 25.(2024·山东东营·中考真题)I am _____ child in my family. I have an elder brother and a younger sister. A.one B.the first C.the second D.the third 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我是家里的第二个孩子。我有一个哥哥和一个妹妹。考查序数词。one一;the first第一;the second第二;the third第三。根据“I have an elder brother and a younger sister.”可知,“我”有一个哥哥和一个妹妹,所以“我”是家里的第二个孩子。故选C。 26.(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)Two ________ dollars is enough to buy the bike, but I can’t afford ________ it. A.hundreds, to buy B.hundreds, buy C.hundred, to buy 【答案】C 【详解】句意:两百美元足够买自行车了,但是我买不起。考查数词用法和不定式用法。hundred前面有具体数字时,用单数;动词短语afford to do sth表示“负担得起做某事”。故选C。 27.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)June is the ________ month of a year. A.fifth B.sixth C.seventh D.eighth 【答案】B 【详解】句意:六月是一年中的第六个月。考查序数词辨析和常识。fifth第五;sixth第六;seventh第七;eighth第八。根据“June is the ... month of a year.”和常识可知,六月是一年中的第六个月。故选B。 28.(2024·四川达州·中考真题)— Why is Jenny so happy? — Because today is her ________ wedding anniversary. A.fifth B.the fifth C.five 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——珍妮为什么这么高兴?——因为今天是她的结婚五周年纪念日。考查数词。fifth第五;the fifth第五;five五。anniversary是单数,此处指第五个结婚纪念日,应用序数词。因空前有代词her修饰,序数词前不加定冠词the。故选A。 29.(2024·四川自贡·中考真题)—There is going to be the ________ Art Festival next week. —Great. We can enjoy some beautiful paintings again. A.two B.first C.second 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——下周将举行第二届艺术节。——太棒了。我们可以再次欣赏一些美丽的画。考查序数词的用法。two二,基数词;first第一,序数词;second第二,序数词。根据“the …Art Festival”可知,此处应填序数词表示顺序,根据again可知,这是第二次举办艺术节,故选C。 30.(2024·四川凉山·中考真题)—Look at the triangle on the right, if AC=3, BC=4, how long is AB? —It’s ______. A.five B.seven C.twelve 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——看右边的三角形,如果AC=3 BC=4,AB有多长?——是5.考查数学运算。根据勾股定理,AC2+BC2=AB2,由此可得出,AB=5,故选A。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

资源预览图

专题07 名词、介词、代词、冠词和数词-备战2025年中考必考题型考前专项突破(名校最新模拟+真题演练)
1
专题07 名词、介词、代词、冠词和数词-备战2025年中考必考题型考前专项突破(名校最新模拟+真题演练)
2
专题07 名词、介词、代词、冠词和数词-备战2025年中考必考题型考前专项突破(名校最新模拟+真题演练)
3
所属专辑
相关资源
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。