UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2024）

UNIT 1 ART Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking UNIT 1　ART 教材助读1 ①precise/prIˈsaIs/ adj.准确的；精确的 precisely/prIˈsaIsli/ adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此 ②definition/ˌdefIˈnIʃn/ n．定义 ③Christianity/ˌkrIstiˈænəti/ n．基督教 ④realistic/ˌriːəˈlIstIk/ adj.现实的；逼真的 realism/ˈriːəlIzəm/n.逼真；现实主义 realist/ˈriːəlIst/ n．现实主义画家(或作家等)；现实主义者 ⑤primitive/ˈprImətIv/ adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的 n．文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品) ⑥two-dimensional/ˌtuː daIˈmenʃənl/adj.二维的 dimension/daIˈmenʃn/ n．维；规模；范围 ⑦in particular尤其；特别 ⑧set apart from 使与众不同；使突出；使优于…… ⑨impact/ˈImpækt/ n．影响；效果 ⑩concentrate on集中精力于；全神贯注于 ⑪adopt/əˈdɒpt/ vt.采取；接受；收养 ⑫humanistic/ˌhjuːməˈnIstIk/adj.人文主义的 humanity/hjuːˈmænəti/ n．人性；人道；(统称)人类 ⑬breakthrough /ˈbreIkθruː/n.突破；重大进展 ⑭perspective/pəˈspektIv/n.透视图；观点；远景 ⑮influential/ˌInfluˈenʃl/adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的 ⑯innovation/ˌInəˈveIʃn/ n．创新；革新；新方法 ⑰reputation/ˌrepjuˈteIʃn/ n．名誉；名声 ⑱shift from…to…从……转变到…… ⑲noble/ˈnəʊbl/ n．贵族成员；出身高贵的人adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的 ⑳rank/ræk/n.地位；级别；行列 vt.&vi.把……分等级；使排成行 purchase/ˈpɜːtʃəs/ vt.购买；采购n.购买；购买的东西 mythology/mIˈθɒlədʒi/ n．神话；虚幻的想法 client/ˈklaIənt/n.委托人；当事人；客户 photography/fəˈtɒɡrəfi/ n．摄影；照相术 preserve/prIˈzɜːv/ vt.保存；保护；维持 hence/hens/ adv.因此；今后 emerge/Iˈmɜːdʒ/ vi.&vt.出现；浮现；暴露 sunrise/ˈsʌnraIz/ n．日出；黎明 convey/kənˈveI/ vt.传达 subjective/səbˈdʒektIv/ adj.主观的 seek to 追求；争取；力图 outer/ˈaʊtə(r)/ adj.外面的；外部的 subsequent/ˈsʌbsIkwənt/ adj.随后的；后来的；之后的 analyse/ˈænəlaIz/ vt.分析；分解 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING What is Western art? It is hard to give a precise① definition②.As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.【1】 Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.【2】 【1】as 引导原因状语从句；主句为“it＋be＋adj.＋to do sth”句式。 【2】句中to understand为动词不定式作定语，to look at为动词不定式作表语。 The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century) During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity③.【3】 Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic④ scenes.Their works were often primitive⑤ and two-dimensional⑥， and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance.This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267－1337)．While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.In particular⑦， his paintings are set apart from⑧ other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact⑨. 【3】句中to teach people about Christianity为动词不定式作表语。 The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century) New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages.As a result, painters concentrated less on⑩ religious themes.They began to adopt⑪ a more humanistic⑫ attitude to life.An important breakthrough⑬ during this period was the use of perspective⑭ by Masaccio (1401－1428)．Influential⑮ painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452－1519), Michelangelo (1475－1564), and Raphael (1483－1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations⑯ to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.【4】 【4】句中that 引导定语从句。 Another innovation was the use of oil paints.With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606－1669), who gained a reputation⑰ as a master of shadow and light.【5】 【5】while 引导时间状语从句，who 引导定语从句。 In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to⑱ people and the world around us.Kings, nobles⑲， and people of high rank⑳ wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology.Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.【6】 【6】that 引导定语从句。 Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century.After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like.Hence， painters had to find a new way of looking at their art.From this, Impressionism emerged in France.The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840－1926) called Impression, Sunrise.In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself.【7】 【7】句中动词不定式作表语；the scene gave him为定语从句， 前面省略that。 While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841－1919), focused on people.Unlike the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time period, Renoir's paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life.He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.【8】 【8】本句为not…but…句型。 Modern Art(from the 20th century to today) After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, “What do we do next？” Painters such as Picasso (1881－1973) tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism.【9】 Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality.Still others turned to abstract art.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art？” 【10】 【9】which 引导定语从句。 【10】What they attempted to do 为主语从句。 西方绘画简史 什么是西方艺术？很难给一个精确的定义。由于西方艺术有如此多不同的风格，不可能在一篇简短的文章里把它们全部描述出来。也许理解西方艺术的最好方法是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。 中世纪(5世纪至15世纪) 在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是教导人们基督教。因此，艺术家们对描绘现实场景不感兴趣。他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化，主体人物往往比其他人大得多，以显示他们的重要性。这种情况在13世纪随着乔托·迪·邦多纳(1267—1337)开始改变。虽然他的画仍然有宗教主题，但它们表现的是真实环境中的真实人物。尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而与其他绘画作品截然不同。 文艺复兴时期 (从14世纪到17世纪) 从中世纪开始，新的观念和价值观逐渐取代了旧的观念和价值观。因此，画家们很少关注宗教主题。他们开始对生活采取更人性化的态度。这一时期的一个重要突破是马萨乔(1401—1428)对透视法的运用。一些有影响力的画家，如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452—1519)、米开朗基罗(1475—1564)、拉斐尔(1483—1520)等，都是在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出欧洲有史以来最伟大的艺术作品。 另一个创新是油彩的使用。一些最好的油画以其深邃的色彩和现实主义风格，看起来就像照片一样。尽管早在达·芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗(1606—1669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。 在题材上，重点逐渐从宗教主题转移到人和我们周围的世界。国王、贵族和有地位的人想要购买他们自己和他们所爱的人的精确画像。其他人想要显示重要历史事件或神话故事的画像。最后，大多数客户想要看起来既漂亮又有趣的画。 印象派(19世纪末至20世纪初) 在19世纪中叶照相术的发明之前，西方艺术的发展缓慢。在那之后，人们不再需要绘画来保存人和世界的面貌。因此，画家们不得不寻找一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。由此，法国出现了印象主义。这个新运动的名字来自克劳德·莫奈(1840—1926)的画作《印象·日出》。在这部作品中，莫奈的目的是传达场景中的光和运动——场景给他的主观印象——而不是对场景本身的详细记录。 当许多印象派画家描绘自然或日常生活场景时，其他人，如雷诺阿(1841—1919)，则把重点放在人身上。与那个时代冰冷的黑白照片不同，雷诺阿的绘画充满了光、影、色彩和生命。他不仅力图表现他笔下人物的外在形象，而且力图表现他们内心的温暖和人性。 现代艺术(20世纪至今) 在印象派之后，后来的艺术家开始问“下一步我们要做什么？”像毕加索(1881—1973)这样的画家试图用立体主义的新方法来分析自然界中存在的形状。另一些人则赋予了他们的画作一种现实但梦幻般的质感。还有一些人转向了抽象艺术。他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出一个问题：“什么是艺术？” Ⅰ.明主旨大意 What does the text mainly tell us? A．How religious paintings developed. B．How oil paintings developed. C．How Impressionist paintings developed. D．How Western art developed. 答案　D Ⅱ.绘层次结构 Skim the passage and fill in the blanks. Read the text (P2～3), then choose the best answer. 1．When did painters concentrate less on religion? A．From the 5th to 15th century. B．From the 14th to 17th century. C．From the late 19th to early 20th century. D．From the 20th century to today. 答案　B 2．Who painted with Cubism? A．Painters in the Middle Ages. B．Painters in the Renaissance. C．The Impressionists. D．Painters of Modern Art. 答案　D 3．Which of the following are the styles of paintings about Modern Art? A．Abstract and realistic. B．Abstract and natural. C．Religious and natural. D．Natural and realistic. 答案　A 4．What is the relationship between the Impressionists and Modern Art? A．The Impressionists teach the modern artists how to draw things in perspective. B．By learning modern art, the Impressionists begin to paint in new ways. C．With the modern artists' help, the Impressionists know how to paint outdoors. D．Without the Impressionists, maybe we would not see many kinds of modern art styles. 答案　D Ⅰ.解决长难句 [尝试翻译]　 一些颇有影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇、米开朗基罗和拉斐尔，在乔托和马萨乔的基础上继续发展，创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。 [尝试翻译]　 尽管早在达·芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。 [尝试翻译]　 在这幅作品中，莫奈是想表达景色的光线和运动，也就是景色给他的主观印象，而不是对景色的详细记录。 Ⅱ.课文语法填空 The best way 1.　to understand　(understand) Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. During the Middle Ages, Western art 2.　aimed　(aim) at teaching people about Christianity. In the 13th century, artists began to show real people in a real environment, like Giotto di Bondone.3.　In　 particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their 4.　realistic　(realize) human faces and deep emotional impact. New ideas and values 5.　gradually　(gradual) took the place of old ones from the Middle Ages.They adopted a more humanistic attitude to life.6.　An　 important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio, and another innovation was the use of oil paints.This technique reached its height with Rembrandt, 7. who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light. The development of Western art slowed until photography 8.　was invented　(invent) in the mid-19th century. Then, paintings were no longer needed 9.　to preserve　(preserve) what people and the world looked like.From this, Impressionism emerged in France. Subsequent 10.　artists　(art) began to ask, “What do we do next？” They didn't attempt to show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art？” (教材P2 )While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.尽管他的画仍然带有宗教主题，但它们展示的是真实环境中的真实人物。 句型：while引导让步状语从句 句中while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”。while引导从句时，还常用于： ①引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，与延续性动词搭配； ②引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”； ③用作并列连词，连接两个并列句子，表示对比，意为“然而；可是”。 [提示] ①while还可以用作名词，意为“一段时间”；②while表示“虽然”时，不和连词but连用。 While traveling can broaden your mind, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it. 尽管旅游能够增长见识，但是我认为你不应该在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱。 [语义感知]——写出句中while的含义 (1)(2024·新课标Ⅰ)While she was at work one day, I borrowed her bike and went for a ride. 当……时 (2)(2024·新课标Ⅰ)We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. 与……同时 (3)(2024·全国甲)A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism(新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. 然而 (4)While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamind． 尽管 (5)While there is life, there is hope. 只要 (教材P2)In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他画作中脱颖而出。 in particular　尤其；特别 ①particularadj.特定的；特别的；挑剔的 be particular about/over对……很讲究/挑剔 ②particularlyadv.特别；尤其 (2024·全国甲)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. 尽管在不同级别都存在各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其特殊，由于其庞大的规模和多样性，往往会引起我们的注意。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)He is a very open-minded man, and won't be particular about/over these small things. (2)As far as I'm concerned, parents in particular should set better examples for children. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)作为一个对旅游特别感兴趣的中国人，我想介绍我最喜欢的城市——北京。 As a Chinese , who is particularly interested in travelling/who is interested in travelling in particular I would like to introduce my favorite city—Beijing. set apart from　使与众不同；使突出；使优于…… set aside留出；把……置于一旁 set down写下；记下 set off出发；引起 set up竖起；建立；调试(设备等) set about doing sth开始做某事 set out to do sth开始做某事 He had a particular voice, which set him apart from others in our small town.他的嗓音很特别，这使他不同于我们小镇上的其他人。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (4)I strongly recommend you to set aside at least ten minutes to read English loudly every day. (5)(2024·新课标Ⅰ听力改编)Sorry, I hadn't called sooner, but it's been a busy month.We're slowly getting things set up in our new home. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (6)他在杰夫的手上涂了一些药，然后开始帮助他们清理残局，扔掉了烤焦的面包片。 ①He applied some medicine to Jeff's hand, and then set out to help them clean up the mess, throwing away the burnt toast. ②He applied some medicine to Jeff's hand, and then set about helping them clean up the mess, throwing away the burnt toast. (教材P2)Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452－1519), Michelangelo (1475－1564), and Raphael (1483－1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. 在乔托和马萨乔创新的基础上，莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452年—1519年)、米开朗基罗(1475年—1564年)和拉斐尔(1483年—1520年)等颇具影响力的画家创作出了欧洲有史以来最伟大的一些艺术作品。 influential　adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的 influence　n．& vt.影响 have an influence/effect/impact on/upon 对……有影响 under one's influence 在某人的影响下 be influenced by 被……所影响 Beijing Opera is one of the most influential operas in China, which has been listed on intangible cultural heritage items.京剧是中国最具影响力的戏曲之一， 已被列入非物质文化遗产名录。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2024·新课标Ⅰ改编)For well over a hundred years the most influential (influence) English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. (2)Scientific locating of colleges has an influence on their further development. [习作练笔]——语段填空 (3)在我的物理老师的影响下，我对物理越来越感兴趣。换句话说，我的物理老师是我的榜样，他对我的影响极大。因此，他是我最尊敬的人。 Under my physics teacher's influence , I have grown increasingly interested in physics.In other words, my physics teacher is my role model, 　who has a great influence on/upon me　.So he is the person I respect most. (教材P2)While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606－1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light. 尽管早在达·芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。 reputation　n．名誉；名声 have a good reputation for　以……闻名 enjoy a good/high reputation 享有盛誉 win/earn/gain a reputation 赢得名誉 live up to one's reputation 不负盛名 It was because of his knowledge and contribution to China that Confucius enjoyed a great reputation. 正是因为他的知识和对中国的贡献，孔子才享有盛誉。 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (1)位于长江中游的三峡大坝以其令人惊叹的风景而闻名。 Located in the middle of the Yangtze River, the Three Gorges Dam has a good reputation for the amazing scenery. (2)毫无疑问，北京是名副其实的中国著名古都。 There is no doubt that Beijing lives up to its reputation as a famous ancient capital of China. (教材P2)Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. 国王、贵族和地位显赫的人都想购买自己及其所爱之人的精确画像。 rank　n．地位；级别；行列 vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排列成行 ①people of all ranks　各阶层人士 the first rank 一流的 ②rank…as… 把……评为…… rank among 跻身于…… rank high 名列前茅 (2024·新课标Ⅰ续写)The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. 我一下飞机，就疯狂地穿过机场大楼，不假思索地跳上了停车处的第一辆出租车。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Indeed, Yangzhou has been consistently ranked by China as one of the best cities to live in. (2)The district produced 50 million pounds of apples this year, ranking (rank) second in the country. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)令大家高兴的是，他到达了终点线，排名第20位。 To everyone's joy, he reached the final line and ranked the 20th . purchase　vt.购买；采购 n．购买；购买的东西 purchase sth (from sb)　 (向某人)购买某物 make a purchase 采购 I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. 我鼓励读者在买不起书的时候去当地的图书馆。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (4)With all the necessities purchased (purchase), Mrs Clark drove home directly. (5)All these purchases (purchase) were paid either in cash or by credit card. (教材P2) Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at. 最后，大多数客户希望画得漂亮又好看。 句型：主语＋be＋adj.＋to do 特点：不定式用主动形式表示被动意义 使用条件：不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；不定式前常用形容词有：difficult, hard, exciting, comfortable, pleasant, interesting, easy等。 (2023·全国乙)Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors.芦荟、和平百合和吊兰是一些很容易在室内种植的物种。 [习作练笔]——补全句子/句型转换 (1)(2023·全国乙)更重要的是，室内植物很容易照顾，也不是很贵。 What's more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. (2)It is comfortable to live in the room whose window faces south. →The room whose window faces south is comfortable to live in . (教材P3)From this, Impressionism emerged in France.由此，印象派在法国应运而生。 emerge　vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露 ①emerge from 从……出现；(从困境中)摆脱出来 It has emerged that… (事实等)已显露出来…… ②emergent adj.新兴的；紧急的 emergence n．出现；兴起 [提示] emergency与emergence词形相近，但emergency意为“突发事件；紧急情况”。 The moon emerged from behind the clouds at midnight.子夜时分，月亮从云层后露出。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Our government took some emergent (emerge) measures to fight against the flood. (2)He said the emergence (emerge) of self-driving automobile in China is the latest step in country's sustainable development. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)事实证明， 这笔钱是一位顾客不慎拿走的。 It has emerged that the money was taken by a customer accidentally. (教材P3 )In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself. 在这部作品中，莫奈的目的是传达场景中的光和运动——场景给他的主观印象——而不是对场景本身的详细记录。 convey　vt.表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送 convey…to sb向某人表达…… convey sth from…to…把某物从……运送到…… (以文助写)What I want to convey is that it is your kindness and consideration that make my stay in China enjoyable.我想表达的是，正是您的好心和体贴使得我在中国过得很愉快。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)I should convey my sincere appreciation to my teachers, without whose help, I wouldn't have achieved such a big success. (2)The injured should be conveyed (convey) from the accident spot to the hospital at once. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)得知你在书法比赛中获得第一名，我写信向你表示祝贺。 Learning that you have won the first prize in the calligraphy contest, I am writing to convey my congratulations to you . (教材P3 )What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art？” 他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出一个问题“什么是艺术？” 句型：what引导名词性从句 what引导的名词性从句相当于名词的作用，可以作主语、宾语或表语，且what在从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。 (2023·全国甲)What we discovered is that it's unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance.我们发现，仅仅从你所吃食物的外观来评价它是不明智的。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2024·全国甲)On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming. [习作练笔]——补全句子/句型转换 (2)(2024·新课标Ⅰ续写)我跑回甘特那，告诉他这个坏消息。他难以置信地看着我，问我该怎么办。 I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do . (3)As is known to us, smartphones have become an important part in our daily life. → What is known to us is that smartphones have become an important part in our daily life.(what引导主语从句) (教材P3)Which period of Western art do you like most? Why are you fond of it？你最喜欢哪个时期的西方艺术？ 你为什么喜欢它？ be fond of　喜爱；喜欢(表示状态) “be＋adj.＋of” 结构的其他常用短语： be tired of　厌烦…… be short of 缺少…… be aware of 知道， 意识到…… be proud of 对……感到自豪 (以文助写)Actually I am very fond of Tang poems, especially those written by Li Bai, a great romantic poet of the Tang Dynasty. 其实我很喜欢唐诗，尤其是唐代伟大的浪漫主义诗人李白写的诗。 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (1)尽管彼得意识到有风险，他最终还是决定继续进行这项实验。 Peter finally decided to go on with the experiment even though he was aware of the risk . (2)如果你给喜欢艺术的学生提供一个这样的机会，我相信艺术展将会很成功。 If you are to offer such an opportunity to the students who are fond of art , I believe the art exhibition will work well. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$