UNIT 2 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2024）

UNIT 2　HEALTHY LIFESTYLE Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking 教材助读3 ①become involved in使卷入；使陷入 ②tobacco/təˈbækəʊ/ n．烟草；烟叶 ③alcohol/ˈælkəhɒl/ n．酒；酒精 ④abuse/əˈbjuːs/n.滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂 ⑤dominate/ˈdɒmIneIt/vt.&vi.支配；控制；占有优势 ⑥essential/Iˈsenʃl/ adj.至关重要的 ⑦based on以……为基础；基于 ⑧philosophy/fəˈlɒsəfi/ n．哲学；哲理；人生观 ⑨psychology/saIˈkɒlədʒi/ n．心理学；心理；心理影响 ⑩cue/kjuː/ n．提示；暗示；信号 ⑪in response to 回答；答复 ⑫reward/rIˈwɔːd/ n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬 ⑬rely on依赖；依靠；信赖 ⑭facilitate/fəˈsIlIteIt/vt.促进；促使；使便利 ⑮examine/IɡˈzæmIn/vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验 ⑯combine…with (使)结合 ⑰negative/ˈneɡətIv/ adj.消极的；有害的；否定的 ⑱aside from除……以外 ⑲escalator/ˈeskəleItə(r)/ n．自动扶梯；滚梯 ⑳straight away 立即；马上 pessimistic/ˌpesIˈmIstIk/adj.悲观的；悲观主义的 discipline/ˈdIsəplIn/ n．自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚 repeatedly/rIˈpiːtIdli/ adv.重复地；再三地；屡次地 pill/pIl/ n．药丸；药片 decide on 决定；选定 HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions.However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits.These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.【1】 For example, some of them may become involved in① tobacco② or alcohol③ abuse④， which can lead to physical and mental health problems.To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating⑤ a teenager's life is essential⑥.【2】 They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes. 【1】if 引导的句子为省略句，补全为：if they are left unchecked，在句中作插入语，when 引导时间状语从句。 【2】句中动词不定式作主语。 To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.【3】 There is a famous saying based on⑦ the philosophy⑧ of Aristotle: “We are what we repeatedly do.” In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made.We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again.Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change.【4】 The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.【5】 【3】句中动词不定式作主语。 【4】句中第二个that 引导定语从句。 【5】句中that 引导表语从句，其中if 引导条件状语从句。 According to modern psychology⑨， we must first learn about the “habit cycle”， which works like this： •Firstly, there is a “cue⑩”， an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do something. •Secondly, there is a “routine”， the regular action you take in response to⑪ the cue. •Thirdly, there is the “reward⑫”， the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy(reward)．【6】 The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on⑬ unhealthy snacks is formed. 【6】句中when 引导时间状语从句，which 引导非限制性定语从句。 To facilitate⑭ a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine⑮ our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with⑯ our own positive ideas.For example, we could try to replace a negative⑰ routine with something more positive.So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward)．【7】 Aside from⑱ changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits.For example, when we come to an escalator⑲(cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead. 【7】句中when 引导时间状语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句。 Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away⑳， we often become pessimistic and give up.In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small, but it is essential.To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.After all, it is not easy to break bad habits. For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits.However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you；you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits！ 健康的生活习惯 随着青少年的成长，他们变得更加地独立，开始自己作决定。然而，在这段时间里，他们中的一些人很容易养成不良习惯。如果不加以控制，这些不良习惯在他们成年以后会导致更加严重的问题。例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。防止这些不良习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会及早发现不良习惯并作出适当的改变。 改变不良习惯绝非易事，甚至多次尝试也未必能够成功。有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”在许多方面，我们的生活方式是我们所作选择的总和。我们选择做某事，然后一遍又一遍地重复。很快，这种选择就变成无意识的行为，发展成为更难以改变的习惯。好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是如何形成的，我们就可以作出改变。 根据现代心理学，首先我们必须了解“习惯周期”，其工作原理如下： •第一，“提示”，即可以作为做某事信号的动作、事件或情况。 •第二，“惯例”，即你根据“提示”所采取的常规行动。 •第三，“奖励”，即我们从“惯例”中获得的美好事物或感觉。 例如，当我们感到不快乐时(提示)，我们会吃很多不健康的零食(惯例)，这会让我们感到快乐(奖励)。这种奖励使我们更有可能继续这个循环，继而养成依赖不健康零食的不良习惯。 想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们首先必须审视、然后努力调整自己的坏习惯周期。我们可以通过将我们习惯周期中的信息与我们自己的积极想法相结合来做到这一点。例如，我们可以尝试用更积极的事情来代替消极惯例。因此，当我们再次感到不开心时(提示)，与其吃零食，不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐(惯例)，这会让我们感到放松(奖励)。除了改变坏习惯，我们还可以利用习惯周期来养成好习惯。例如，当我们走到自动扶梯时(提示)，我们通常的习惯是乘坐自动扶梯，但我们可以通过走楼梯来改变这种习惯，使之变为更积极的事情。 我们许多人都试图迅速改变不良习惯，如果不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观从而放弃。实际上，最成功的改变方法不是一蹴而就的，而是要经过一段时间。正如中国哲学家老子所言：“千里之行，始于足下。”一步看似渺小，却至关重要。为了达到改变的目的，人们必须表现出一定的自制力，并不断地迈出许多小步。毕竟，改掉不良习惯并非易事。 对于年轻人来说，他们拥有足够的时间来改变不良习惯。然而，并没有可以帮助你的“魔法药丸”或删除键；你必须思考自己的不良习惯并作出一些改变。你有能力打造充满良好习惯的幸福健康的生活！ Ⅰ.明主旨大意 What is the passage mainly about? A．How teenagers make a choice. B．How teenagers feel relaxed. C．How teenagers change their bad habits. D．How teenagers become more independent. 答案　C Ⅱ.绘层次结构 Match each part with its main idea. Part 1(Para.1)　　 A．The young have the power to build a healthy life full of good habits. Part 2(Para.2) B．It's so easy for some teenagers to form bad habits. Part 3(Paras.3～4) C．To change some bad habits, a teenager must make many attempts. Part 4(Para.5) D．Something about the three stages of the habit cycle. Part 5(Para.6) E．We should change our bad habits and create good habits using the habit cycle. Part 6(Para.7) F．To change some bad habits, a person must repeatedly take many small steps. 答案　Parts 1～6　BCDEFA Read the text (P14～15), then choose the best answer. 1．What does “we are what we repeatedly do” mean? A．The choice often repeats again. B．Repeated choices make up a habit. C．We can't change a habit. D．Choices work repeatedly. 答案　B 2．What should teenagers first do to prevent harmful habits from dominating their life? A．Recognise bad habits. B．Stay away from bad habits. C．Think out ways to get rid of them. D．Change themselves. 答案　A 3．What can we infer from the text? A．It is easy to change bad habits. B．One step is enough for changing bad habits. C．Changing bad habits is not easy. D．Bad habits can disappear in a short time. 答案　C 4．Which is the right structure of the text? 答案　B Ⅰ.解决长难句 [尝试翻译]　 例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理问题。 [尝试翻译]　 我们中的许多人都试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果不能马上成功，我们经常会变得悲观并放弃。 [尝试翻译]　 好消息是， 如果我们理解习惯是如何起作用的， 我们就可以改变。 Ⅱ.课文语法填空 As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions.However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them 1. to form (form) bad habits.These bad habits, if 2. left (leave) unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.3. To change (change) bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.The good news is that we can change our bad habits if we understand 4. how habits work.To facilitate 5. a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by 6. combining (combine) the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.We can also use the habit cycle 7. to create (create) good habits.Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up.In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, 8. but over a period of time.To reach the goal of change, a person must 9. repeatedly (repeated) take many small steps.Young people have the power 10. to build (build) a happy and healthy life full of good habits! (教材P14)These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.如果不加以控制，这些不良习惯在他们成年以后会导致更加严重的问题(出现)。 句型：状语从句的省略 ①句中的if left unchecked是状语从句的省略，补充完整为：if they are left unchecked。 ②状语从句省略的条件： ★从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句的谓语中含有be动词时，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。 ★如果状语从句中出现了it is/was时，可以把it is/was一起省略。 Whenever helping people in trouble, I will be rewarded with their heartfelt gratitude.每当帮助有困难的人，我都会得到他们由衷的感谢。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2023·全国乙改编)They felt stressed while waiting (wait) for the sunset. [习作练笔]——补全句子/句型转换 (2)(2024·新课标Ⅰ)穿可以弄脏的衣服。多带几层(衣服)应对天气变化，必要时带上雨衣。 Wear clothes that can get dirty.Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary . (3)Although I was declined repeatedly, I still insisted on my own opinion. → Although declined repeatedly , I still insisted on my own opinion. (教材P14)Secondly, there is a “routine”， the regular action you take in response to the cue. 第二，“惯例”，即你根据“提示”所采取的常规行动。 in response to　回答；答复 ①responsen.回答；答复；响应 give/make a response to对……作出回应 ②respondvi.回答；答复 respond to回答；回应 (以文助写)Millions of people gave freely in response to the appeal for the victims of the flood.为响应救济洪水灾民的呼吁，上百万人慷慨相助。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2023·全国甲改编)He took me to the museum, and I responded very strongly to what I saw on the walls there. (2)Her proposal was met with an enthusiastic response .By responding quickly to changes in the markets, farmers can earn enough profits.(respond) [习作练笔]——同义替换/补全句子 (3)Passers-by helped him sit up and wanted to know how he was doing by asking him questions, but he didn't answer (→ made no response/didn't respond )． (4)为回报他们的及时帮忙，我们写了一封感谢信。 In response to their timely help , we wrote a thank-you note. (教材P14)Thirdly, there is the “reward”， the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. 第三，“奖励”，即我们从“惯例”中获得的美好事物或感觉。 reward　n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬 ①in reward for为奖赏/答谢…… as a reward for作为对……的奖赏 ②reward sb with sth for (doing) sth 因为(做)某事用某物奖赏/酬谢某人 ③rewardingadj.有益的；有意义的 He offered a reward to me for my helping him make much progress in oral English.他奖励我帮助他在英语口语方面取得了很大的进步。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2023·全国甲改编)A day's work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money. (2)The old Silk Road is well worthy of a visit, which will be an interesting and rewarding (reward) experience. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (3)我想带你逛逛北京，以答谢我在英国期间你对我的慷慨帮助。 ①I'd like to show you around Beijing in reward for your generous help during my stay in Britain.(reward n．) ②I'd like to show you around Beijing to reward you for your generous help during my stay in Britain.(reward vt.) (教材P15)The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed. 这种奖励使我们更有可能继续这个循环，继而养成依赖不健康零食的不良习惯。 rely　vi.依赖；依靠；信赖 ①rely on依赖；依靠；信赖 rely on sb to do sth信赖某人做某事 rely on (one's) doing sth指望(某人)做某事 rely on it that…指望…… ②reliableadj.可信赖的；可依靠的 Whenever we're in trouble, you're always the person we can rely on.每当我们有困难的时候， 你总是我们可以依赖的那个人。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)My father and I had no choice but to rely on ourselves to find (find) a way out of the thick forest. (2)I guarantee that you can rely on it that he can help you out of the present difficulty. (3)Not only is he reliable (rely) but he is also considerate and selfless, so I think he is quite qualified for the position. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (4)我最尊敬我的叔叔，因为每当我处于困境中时，我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。 ①I respect my uncle most because I can rely on him to offer me some practical suggestions whenever I am in trouble.(rely on sb to do sth) ②I respect my uncle most because I can rely on it that he can offer me some practical suggestions whenever I am in trouble.(rely on it that…) (教材P15)Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up.我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。 straight away　立即；马上 “立刻，马上”的其他表达：right away; right now; at once; in no time等 I caught a bad cold, so I should go and see a doctor straight away. 我患了重感冒，所以我应该马上去看医生。 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (1)进入那间黑屋子时，她立刻陷入恐惧中。 When she entered the dark room, fear dominated her straight away/right away/right now/at once/in no time . pessimistic　adj.悲观的；悲观主义的 ①be pessimistic about　对……悲观 ②pessimistically adv.悲观地 ③optimistic adj.乐观的 be optimistic about 对……乐观 Being optimistic rather than pessimistic, the sculptor can handle various hardships in his routine life.这位雕刻家乐观而不悲观，能够处理日常生活中各种各样的困难。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (2)He was seriously injured on the head and the doctors were pessimistic about his chances of recovery. (3)If you approach the future pessimistically (pessimistic), then you can be pretty certain the things you fear most are going to happen. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (4)Having known that I was pessimistic about my school performance (对我的在校表现悲观), my headteacher spared no effort to 　make me optimistic about my future　(使我对未来乐观)． (教材P15)In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.实际上，最成功的改变方法不是一蹴而就的，而是要经过一段时间。 句型：not…but…不是……而是…… 本句中含有not…but…结构，意为“不是……而是……” ①not…but…连接两个主语时，谓语的数要遵循“就近原则”； ②not only…but also…不但……而且……，连接两个主语时，谓语的数也要遵循“就近原则”。 (2023·新课标Ⅰ)It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. 大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是老生常谈。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2023·全国甲改编)It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. (2)Not the passengers but the drunk driver is (be) to be responsible for the accident. (3)Not only the girl but also her parents are (be) fond of the film. (教材P15)After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.毕竟，改掉不良习惯并非易事。 after all　毕竟，终究 all in all　总而言之 in all 总共；共计 at all 根本；全然(常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中加强语气) above all 首先；最重要的是 first of all 首先 After all, not everyone has realised that wildlife has thoughts, feelings and equal rights to survive.毕竟，并不是每个人都意识到野生动物有思想、感情和平等的生存权利。 [习作练笔]——用all的相关短语填空 After all , it is normal for many Senior Three students to feel more stressed before important exams.So you don't need to worry at all . First of all , it will be a good idea if you share your feelings with your friends or teachers.Furthermore, keep an optimistic attitude towards life and study. All in all , follow the above proposals and you will get rid of your trouble soon.毕竟，对于许多高三学生来说，重要考试前感到更焦虑是正常的。因此你一点也不用担心。首先，如果你和你的朋友或老师分享你的感受，这会是一个好主意。另外，对生活和学习保持乐观的态度。总而言之，听从以上建议，你将很快摆脱你的困境。 (教材P15)However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.然而，并没有可以帮助你的“魔法药丸”或删除键，你必须思考自己的不良习惯并作出一些改变。 decide on　决定；选定 ①decide to do sth　　决定做某事 ②decision n．决定 arrive at/come to/reach/make a decision 做出决定 We finally decided on holding a class meeting to make a plan for the activity. 我们最后决定召开一次班会来制订活动计划。 [习作练笔]——补全句子 访谈将持续一个小时左右，你可以在方便的时候决定日期。 The talk will be about an hour, and you can decide on a date at your convenience . 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$