2025年牛津译林版英语中考专题复习课件：课题三 代 词

2025年英语中考复习 核心知识点 考点攻坚 课题三 代 词 语 法 核心知识点 考点攻坚 聚焦中考 壹 中考对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词、人称代词和物主代词的用法上。考查代词的题型有很多,常见的有单项选择、完形填空、单词拼写、词性变换以及选词填空。结合本专题内容要求,代词的学习需要做到以下几点。 1. 掌握人称代词主格和宾格的形式及用法; 2. 掌握形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词、反身代问词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词的用法; 3. 掌握代词it表示自然现象、时间、距离时的用法。 核心知识点 贰 代词是用来代替名词和名词性词组、短语、句子的。代词的任务就是使语言简练且表达准确。代词具有名词和形容词的功能。在同一环境中,当人名或其他名词第二次出现时,通常会用代词进行替代。代词的使用频率非常高,目的是避免语言的重复。 近三年广西中考对人称代词、物主代词及反身代词的考查尤为突出。 代词的复习可从下面的知识导图入手。 代词 主格: I, you, she, he, it, we, they 名词性物主代词: mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs 人称代词 物主代词 不定代词 宾格: me, you, her, him, it, us, them 形容词性物主代词: my, your, her, his, its, our, their 反身代词 第一人称反身代词: myself, ourselves 第二人称反身代词: yourself, yourselves 第三人称反身代词: himself, herself, itself, themselves 普通不定代词: 如all, both, some等 复合不定代词: 如anybody,nobody, anything等 常用词组: 如a little,a few等 指示代词: this, that, these, those 疑问代词: who, whom, whose, what, which 关系代词: who,whom, whose, that, which 相互代词: each other, one another 考点攻坚 叁 考点1 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词一览表 类别 人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一 人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二 人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三 人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 1. 人称代词 类别 位置 成分 示例 主格 动词前 主语 They have four lessons in the morning. 他们在上午有四节课。 宾格 动词后 宾语 He showed us some pictures. 他给我们展示了一些图片。 介词后 Do you know anything about him, Tony? 托尼,你了解他吗? 系动词后 表语 —Who is the boy in the photo? 照片中的男孩是谁? —It’s me. 是我。 2. 物主代词 类别 位置 成分 示例 形容词性物主代词 名词前 定语 We all love our country. 我们都爱我们的国家。 名词性物主代词 系动词前 主语 Yours is on the table. 你的在桌子上。 动词后 宾语 I can’t find my ruler. Can I use yours? 我找不到我的尺子了。我能用你的吗? 系动词后 表语 The green pen is hers. 这支绿色的钢笔是她的。 【注意】物主代词前后不能有this、that、some、a、an、the等词。例如:不能说the my right hand。 3. 反身代词 位置 成分 示例 动词后 宾语 Help yourselves, guys! 伙计们,请自便! 介词后 My brother can take care of himself. 我弟弟可以照顾好自己。 系动词后 表语 The poor boy in the story was myself. 故事里那个可怜的男孩就是我自己。 名词或代词后 同位语 We ourselves solved the problem yesterday. 我们昨天自己解决了问题。 位于句末 The little girl made the gift herself. 那个小女孩自己做了一件礼物。 【注意】反身代词要与它所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别和数上保持一致。 拓展:反身代词常见的固定搭配 by oneself 单独地,独自地, 亲自 for oneself 为自己 look after oneself 照顾自己 keep sth to oneself 保密 动词之后 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 devote oneself (to) 献身于 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 help oneself (to) 自用(食物等) hurt oneself 伤了某人自己 lose oneself (in) 沉溺于 teach oneself (=learn by oneself) 自学 介词之后 现学现用 1. When life is difficult, tell (you) that pain is part of growing. 2. My classmates told me their answers. But (my)was different from theirs. 3. Our parents love us most in the world. We should understand and love (they),too. 4. I think this dictionary is not (her), because Tom’s name is on the book cover. yourself/ yourselves mine them hers 考点2 普通不定代词 不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物而起名词或形容词作用的代词叫作不定代词。多数不定代词既可用作名词,又可用作形容词。常见不定代词及其用法具体如下: 1. 常见的普通不定代词 一些 some, any, a few, a little 很少, 几乎没有 few, little another另一,又一(三者或三者以上); others 其他(泛指); the other另一个(两者中);the others另一些(一定范围内的剩余全部) 许多,大量 many, much 任何一个 any, either 每一 each 都 both, all 一个 one(pl. ones) 都不 neither, none 2. 常见易混普通不定代词的辨析 (1)some与any 代词 含义及用法 示例 some 表示“一些(人或事物)”,一般用于肯定句中 You’ll find some in the box. 你会在盒子里找到一些。 期待得到对方肯定的回答或用疑问句的形式委婉地提议或请求时,要用some Would you like some beef? 你想来点牛肉吗? any 表示“一些(人或事物)”,一般用于疑问句或否定句中 There isn’t any milk in the glass. 玻璃杯中一点牛奶也没有。 表示“任何的”,常用于肯定或if引导的条件状语从句中 Please call me if you have any questions. 如果你有任何问题请给我打电话。 (2)many与much 代词 用法 示例 many 指代可数名词复数,可作主语和宾语 You can find many of us in the photo. 你在照片中能找到我们中的许多人。 much 指代不可数名词,可作主语和宾语 I learned much about it. 关于它我学到了很多。 (3)few, a few, little与a little 代词 含义 用法 few 几乎没有(否定) 修饰或代替可数名词复数 a few 有几个(肯定) little 几乎没有(否定) 修饰或代替不可数名词 a little 有一点儿(肯定) (4)both, either, neither, all与none 代词 含义及用法 示例 both 表示“两者都”,常与of连用;或放在名词、代词后面作同位语 Both of my parents like poems. 我父母都喜欢诗歌。 either 指“(两个人或物中的)任何一个”。固定搭配:either of… I have two pens, but I don’t like either of them. 我有两支钢笔,但我一个也不喜欢。 neither 指“(两个人或物中)一个也不”。固定搭配:neither of+名/代词的复数+谓语动词单数形式 Neither of the phones is cheap. 这两款手机都不便宜。 代词 含义及用法 示例 all 指“(三者或三者以上)都”,常用于all of…/all the + 名词;或放在名词、代词后面作同位语 All of us should go there. 我们都应该去那。 They all agree to stay here. 他们都同意留在这里。 none 指“都不”,用于none of…结构;常用来回答how many、how much引导的特殊疑问句 None of his children likes playing basketball. 他的孩子们都不喜欢打篮球。 —How many boys want to have ice cream? 有多少男孩想吃冰淇淋? —None. 都不想吃。 (5)each与every 代词 数量 含义及用法 示例 each (不定代词) 两个 (或两个以上) 表示“每一个”,强调个体。当它作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 Each of us is very hard-working. 我们每个人都很努力。 every (限定词) 三个 (或三个以上) 表示“每一个”,强调全体,在句中只能作定语,修饰作主语的名词时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 Every student has passed the exam. 每个学生都通过了考试。 (6)another, other, the other, others与the others 代词 含义及用法 固定搭配 图解 another 再一个;另一个(泛指,三者或三者以上中的另一个) one another=each other 相互 other 其他的,后跟可数名词复数 the other 另一个(特指,两者中的另一个) one…the other… 一个……另一个…… others 其余的人或事(物)(泛指,表示除一部分后的另一些,但不是剩下的全体)others=other+可数名词复数 some…others… 一些……另一些…… the others 其余的,别的(特指,指三个及以上的人或物中除去一部分后,剩余的全部) some…the others… 一些……另一些…… 现学现用 both none each some another 1. The volunteers were so tired, but of them had a rest. They were still looking for the missing child. 2. Randy wrote two novels. of them were made into films and they were popular among teenagers. 3. In a soccer game, it’s important for players to play together and bring out the best in of them. 4. Now many Chinese people like traveling from one place to to enjoy the beauty of our country. 5. If you are hungry, you can have first. none Both each another some 考点3 复合不定代词 1. 初中常见的复合不定代词 词根 -one(指人) -body(指人) -thing(指物) some-(肯定) someone(某人) somebody(某人) something(某事,某物) any-(否定/肯定) anyone(任何人) anybody(任何人) anything(任何事) every-(肯定) everyone(每个人) everybody(每个人) everything(每件事,一切) no-(否定) none(没有人) nobody(没有人) nothing(没有东西) 2. 复合不定代词的用法 (1)当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,形容词或else必须放在这些复合不定代词之后。例如: My friend always brings me something interesting. 我朋友总是给我带好玩的东西。 (2)复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语,不能作定语。作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如: If anything happens to him, let the doctor know at once. 如果他出什么事了,立刻通知医生。 3. 复合不定代词常用句型 (1) There’s nothing to worry about as you try your best. 只要你尽力了,就没什么好担心的。 (2) There must be something wrong with your player. 你的播放器一定是出了问题。 (3) The case has nothing to do with me. 这个案子和我没关系。 (4) We can do nothing but listen to the teacher’s words. 我们什么都做不了,只能听老师的话。 考点4 指示代词 1. 常见的指示代词 类别 含义 示例 近指 单数 this 这个 This is my pen. 这是我的笔。 复数 these 这些 These are my books. 这些是我的书。 远指 单数 that 那个 That is her bike. 那是她的自行车。 复数 those 那些 Those are my sheep. 那些是我的羊。 (1)在电话用语中,常用this介绍自己是谁,用that询问对方是谁。例如: —Hello! Who is that? —你好!请问是哪位? —Hello! This is Jane speaking. —你好!我是简。 (2)that与those 常用在比较句型中,代替前面提到的名词,避免重复。例如: The population of China is larger than that of India. 中国的人口比印度的人口多。 The pears in this shop are cheaper than those in that shop. 这家店卖的梨比那家店卖的梨便宜。 (3)在疑问句中,若句子主语是this/that/these/those时,回答用it或they代替。例如: —Is this/that your cat?—这/那是你的猫吗? —Yes, it is. —是的,它是我的猫。 2. 常考易混辨析:it与one 代词 用法 示例 it 特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物(同类物) —Where is the bag? 书包在哪? —It’s under the table. 它在桌子下面。 one 泛指上下文提及的是同类事物中的一个,同类而不同物(同类异物) My computer always breaks down, so I will get a new one soon. 我的电脑总是出故障,所以我一会儿去买个新的。 3. it 的特殊用法 (1)作形式主语:代替由不定式或从句等所表示的真正主语。常用于下列句型中: It is+adj.(+for sb.)+to do sth. 做某事对某人说是…… It is+adj.(+of sb.)+to do sth. 某人做某事是…… It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了。 It’s time to do sth. 到做……的时间了。 It seems/seemed that… 看起来……,似乎…… It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。 (2)作形式宾语:常用在find/ think/ make/ consider/ believe等动词后。例如: They found it very interesting. 他们发现它很有趣。 靶向突破 肆 通关必练 ( )1. —Lily, is this your pen? —No, it isn’t .It is Linda’s. A. my B. mine C. yours ( )2. —Jenny, is that boy with glasses new classmate? —Yes. Let’s say hello to . A. our; he B. us; him C. our; him ( )3. —Is this your bike, Cindy? —Yes, it’s bike. My mother bought it for me last month. A. hers B. yours C. my ( )4. —I bought a skirt for . I hope you like . —Thank you, mom. I can’t wait to try it on. A. you; one B. you; it C. me; it B C C B ( )5. —Dad, could you please teach English? —Sure! But it’s more important to learn it by . A. my; myself B. me; yourself C. my; you ( )6. — is in charge of the summer concert? —Jessie. She has a lot of experience. A. Where B. Who C. What ( )7. —Who is that woman over there? —Oh, she is teacher and she teaches geography. A. our; us B. us; our C. we; our ( )8. —Excuse me. Where is Xingguang Theatre? —Go along this road to the end, and you’ll find on your left. A. it B. one C. this B B A A ( )9. —Which of the two books will you take? —I’ll take , science book interests me while comic book makes me relaxed. A. both B. neither C. All ( )10. —This dress is too long. Please give me one. —Sure, Madam. Give back to me and try on this one. A. other; one B. another; it C. another; one ( )11.We have two more classes. is physics, and is Chinese. A. One; another B. One: the other C. One; others ( )12. —Which of the two T-shirts do you want? — . One is too big and the other is too small. Could you show me another one? A. Either B. Both C. Neither A B B C 真金火炼 ( ) 1 . (2023 广州) — Frank, is this your bag? —No, it’s not . mine B. yours C. his ( )2. (2024 崇左)—Is this your Bing Dwen Dwen(冰墩墩)? —No. is on the sofa. Hers B. His C. Yours D. Mine ( )3 . (2022 常州) —Dad, I’m afraid I can’t do well in my math test tomorrow. —Don’t worry. Believe in . A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself A D D ( )4.(2022 桂林) The mother encourages her little son to learn to look after . A. hers B. herself C. his D. himself ( )5.(2024 延安) Running is getting popular. It is good for our health and it costs . A. nothing B. everything C. anything ( )6.(2023 福州) Using AI tools in the right way can help to work better. A. we B. us C. our D A B ( )7. (2023 湖南) —Wow, so cool! Who taught you to play Tik Tok (抖音)? — . I learned it by . A. Somebody; myself B. Nobody; myself C. Nobody; me D. Somebody; me ( )8. (2024 河南) —Andy, who are the girls over there? — are my sisters, Lily and Lucy. A. They B. We C. You ( )9 . (2024 大同) The three heroes returned to the earth from space. We are proud of . A. me B. him C. them ( )10. (2022 青岛) —Is this your watch? —Yes, it’s . My sister sent it to me last week. A. hers B. yours C. mine B A C C ( )11. (2024 泉州) —Which subject do you like, math or physics? — . I like English. A. Both B. Neither C. Either ( )12. (2022 怀化) —We’ll have the PE test next week. I feel a little nervous. —Relax! Believe in and practice more. A. myself B. yourself C. himself ( )13. (2024 襄阳) There are two apples on the table. One is red and is green. A. the other B. another C. others D. the others B B A 知 识 梳 理 巩 固 训 谢谢观看 核心知识点 考点攻坚 $$