2025年人教版英语中考过去分词及过去分词短语专项复习与练习

新目标英语中考过去分词及过去分词短语专项复习 一、过去分词的核心概念 形式： 1. 规则动词：动词原形 + -ed（如：worked, played）。 2. 不规则动词：需单独记忆（如：written, broken, seen）。 功能： 表示动作的被动或完成。 在句中可作定语、表语、宾补、状语，或用于被动语态和完成时态。 二、过去分词的常见用法 1. 作定语（修饰名词，表示被动或完成） Broken window（被打破的窗户） the written report（已写好的报告） 2. 作表语（说明主语的状态） The window is broken.（窗户是破的） She felt excited about the trip.（她对旅行感到兴奋） 3. 作宾语补足语（表示被动或完成） I had my hair cut yesterday.（我昨天理发了） He found the door locked.（他发现门锁着） 4. 作状语（表示时间、原因、条件等） Seen from space, the Earth looks blue.（从太空看，地球是蓝色的） Encouraged by the teacher, he worked harder.（受到老师鼓励，他更加努力） 5. 用于被动语态（be + 过去分词） The book was written by Lu Xun.（这本书是鲁迅写的） 6. 用于完成时态（have/has/had + 过去分词） I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了作业） 三、过去分词短语的用法 过去分词短语 = 过去分词 + 宾语/状语，在句中充当定语、状语或宾补。 作定语： The book written by Mo Yan is popular.（莫言写的书很受欢迎） 作状语： Built in 2020, the bridge is very modern.（这座桥建于2020年，非常现代化） 作宾补： I heard my name called.（我听到有人叫我的名字） 四、高频考点及易错点 1. 被动语态 vs. 完成时态 被动语态：be + 过去分词（强调动作承受者）。 The cake was eaten by the dog. 完成时态：have/has/had + 过去分词（强调动作已完成）。 I have eaten the cake. 2.现在分词 vs. 过去分词作定语 现在分词表示主动/进行（如：a running boy） 过去分词表示被动/完成（如：a broken cup） | 3. 过去分词与不定式的被动式区别 过去分词：强调状态或结果（如：The window is broken）。 不定式的被动式：强调动作（如：The window needs to be broken）。 4. 易混淆动词的过去分词（不规则动词） write → written break → broken see → seen choose → chosen 五、考试技巧 1. 判断被动与完成： 句子中有by sb.时，优先考虑被动语态。 句子中有already, yet, ever等词时，优先考虑完成时态。 2. 过去分词作定语的位置： 单个过去分词通常前置（如：a closed door）。 过去分词短语后置（如：the door closed by the teacher）。 3. 熟记不规则动词表：重点关注中考高频动词（如：write, break, see, choose）。 六、、典型例题精练 1. 选择题 ①The glass ________ on the floor is mine. A. breaking B. broken C. broke D. breaks 答案：B（过去分词作定语，表被动） ②The teacher’s words made us ________. A. encouraged B. encouraging C. encourage D. to encourage 答案：A（过去分词作宾补，表被动） 2. 用过去分词填空 ①The movie ________ (direct) by Zhang Yimou won many awards. 答案：directed（作定语，表被动） ②She had her bike ________ (repair) yesterday. 答案：repaired（have sth. done结构） 3. 改错题 ①The excited children were waiting for the show to begin. 错误：excited → exciting（修饰物用exciting，修饰人用excited） ②I saw the boy knock down by a car. 错误：knock → **knocked**（被动动作用过去分词） 专项练习： 一、单项选择 1. The window ________ yesterday needs to be repaired. A. breaking B. broken C. broke D. breaks 2. The teacher seemed ________ with our homework. A. satisfying B. satisfied C. to satisfy D. satisfies 3. I had my bike ________ at the repair shop this morning. A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix 4. The book ________ by Mo Yan is worth reading. A. wrote B. written C. writing D. to write 5. ________ from the hill, the city looks beautiful. A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See 二、用过去分词或过去分词短语填空 1. The ________ (pollute) river smells terrible. 2. She found the door ________ (lock) when she came back. 3. The movie ________ (direct) by Zhang Yimou won many awards. 4. ________ (encourage) by his friends, he tried again. 5. The cup ________ (break) on the floor is mine. 三、改错题（找出错误并改正） 1. The excited news made everyone happy. → ________________ 2. I saw the boy knock down by a car. → ________________ 3. The building build last year is a museum. → ________________ 4. She felt surprising at the result. → ________________ 5. The song sang by the student is popular. → ________________ 四、句型转换 1. The girl who is dressed in red is my sister. → The girl ________ in red is my sister. 2. The problem was solved by the students. → The students ________ the problem. 3. Because he was encouraged by the teacher, he worked harder. → ________ by the teacher, he worked harder. 4. The bridge that was built in 2020 is very modern. → The bridge ________ in 2020 is very modern. 5. The book that was written by Lu Xun is famous. → The book ________ by Lu Xun is famous. 五、翻译句子 1. 被污染的空气对健康有害。 → ________________________ 2. 我看到那个男孩被老师表扬了。 → ________________________ 3. 建于明朝的这座桥仍然很坚固。 → ________________________ 4. 她听到自己的名字被叫到。 → ________________________ 5. 被这个故事感动，他决定帮助那个孩子。 → ________________________ 六、综合提升 1. 过去分词短语作状语： ________ (give) enough time, I can finish the work. 2. 完成时态 + 被动语态： The project ________ (complete) by the team last week. 3. 过去分词与不定式的被动式区别： The room needs ________ (clean). 参考答案： 一、单项选择 1--5BBCBA. 二、用过去分词或过去分词短语填空 1. polluted 2. locked 3. directed 4. Encouraged 5. broken 三、改错题（找出错误并改正） 1. excited → exciting 2. knock → knocked 3. build → built 4. surprising → surprised 5. sang → sung 四、句型转换 1. dressed 2. solved 3. Encouraged 4. built 5. written 五、翻译句子 1. The polluted air is harmful to health. 2. I saw the boy praised by the teacher. 3. The bridge built in the Ming Dynasty is still strong. 4. She heard her name called. 5. Moved by the story, he decided to help the child. 六、综合提升 1. Given 2. was completed 3. to be cleaned / cleaning.（两种表达均可） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$