08 连词（课件）-小学英语语法专项系列（译林版三起）

词法 08 — 连词 学习目标 1.掌握连词的含义 2.掌握连词的分类 3.掌握连词的应用 思维导图 连词的含义 & 分类 01 连词的定义 连词是在句子中用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子的词。 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。 他又高又瘦。 He is tall and thin. 连词主要可分为并列连词和从属连词： 并列连词：连接两个或两个以上的字、词组或分句。 常见并列连词：and,or, but, so 从属连词：连接两个或两个以上的分句。 常见从属连词：because, before, after 连词的分类 并列关系的连词 02 并列连词 and 1. “和，并且”一般用在肯定句。连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子。 例句: I like apples and bananas. （我喜欢苹果和香蕉。连接两个并列的名词）； He is tall and strong. （他又高又壮。连接两个并列的形容词）； She goes to school by bike and he goes on foot. （她骑自行车去上学，他步行去上学。连接两个并列的句子） 并列连词 and 2. 有时用于连接两个相同的词语，表示连续性。 例如:火车开得越来越快。 The train ran faster and faster. 3. “祈使句+and+陈述句”。 其中祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词and后的陈述句则表示一个较好的结果，此时 and 意为 “那么”。谓语常用一般将来时。 如：Work hard, and you will pass the exam. （努力学习，那么你就会通过考试。） 并列连词 and 连词 and （特例） and：除了表示并列，还可表示顺承关系，此时 and 意为 “然后，接着”，用于描述动作或事件的先后顺序。 例如：He got up, washed his face and had breakfast. （起床、洗脸和吃早餐这三个动作依次发生） “both...and...” 意为 “两者都”，连接两个并列的成分 在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 例如：Both Tom and Jerry like playing basketball. （汤姆和杰瑞都喜欢打篮球。） She is both kind and beautiful. （她既善良又美丽。） 并列连词 both...and... “not only... but also... ”意为 “不但…… 而且……”，连接两个并列的成分。 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循 “就近原则”，即与靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 例如：Not only you but also he is going to the party. （不但你而且他也要去参加派对。靠近谓语动词的主语是 he，谓语用 is）； He can not only speak English but also French. （他不但会说英语，而且会说法语。连接两个并列的宾语） 并列连词 not only... but also... “as well as” 意为 “也；还；而且”，连接两个并列的成分，强调前者。 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。 例如：Tom, as well as his parents, likes reading. （汤姆，还有他的父母，都喜欢阅读。句子的主语是 Tom，谓语动词用 likes） She can sing as well as dance. （她既会唱歌又会跳舞。连接两个并列的动词） 并列连词 as well as 03 转折关系的连词 “but” 意为 “但是”，表示前后意思的转折。一般用于否定句。 例如：He is rich, but he is not happy. （他很富有，但是他不快乐。） I like apples, but my sister likes bananas. （我喜欢苹果，但是我妹妹喜欢香蕉。） 连词 but “however” 意为 “然而；可是”，与 but 意思相近，但 however 是副词，使用时通常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。 例如：He worked hard. However, he still failed the exam. （他学习很努力。然而，他还是考试不及格。） The weather was cold. However, we still went out. （天气很冷。可是，我们还是出去了。） 拓展：however “while” 意为 “然而”，表示前后对比或转折，强调两者的差异。 例如：Some people like coffee, while others like tea. （有些人喜欢咖啡，然而有些人喜欢茶。） Tom is tall while his brother is short. （汤姆个子高，而他弟弟个子矮。） 连词 while 04 选择关系的连词 1. 意为 “或者；否则”。表示选择关系时，用于连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子。 例如：Do you like tea or coffee? （你喜欢茶还是咖啡？连接两个并列的名词） You can go there by bus or by train. （你可以坐公交车或者坐火车去那里。） 连词 or 连词 or 2. “否则”表示一种否定的条件。用于警告或忠告。 例句：Hurry up, or you will be late. （快点，否则你会迟到的。此处 or 表示 “否则”） 3. 用于否定句中代替and。 例如:他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。 They didn't sing or dance. 连词 or 辨析and 和 or and用于肯定句, or用于疑问句和否定句。 ①. Tom, Jim and I are playing football now. 汤姆,吉姆和我现在正在踢足球。 ②. He doesn't like milk or juice. 他不喜欢牛奶或果汁。 ③.Does he like milk or juice? 他喜欢牛奶还是果汁? “either... or...” 意为 “要么…… 要么……；不是…… 就是……”，连接两个并列的成分。 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循 “就近原则”。 例如：Either you or he has to clean the classroom. （要么你要么他得打扫教室。靠近谓语动词的主语是 he，谓语动词用 has） You can either stay at home or go out with us. （你可以要么待在家里，要么和我们一起出去。连接两个并列的动词短语） 连词 either... or... “neither... nor...”意为 “既不…… 也不……”，连接两个并列的成分。 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循 “就近原则”。 例如：Neither he nor I am going to the party. （他和我都不去参加派对。靠近谓语动词的主语是 I，谓语动词用 am） She likes neither apples nor bananas. （她既不喜欢苹果也不喜欢香蕉。连接两个并列的宾语） 连词 neither... nor... 05 因果关系的连词 “so”意为 “所以；因此”，表示结果。 例如：He was ill, so he didn't go to school. （他生病了，所以他没去上学。） It was raining heavily, so we stayed at home. （雨下得很大，所以我们待在家里。） 连词 so “for” 意为 “因为”，表示原因，是并列连词，语气较弱，一般放在句中，对前面的内容进行补充说明。 例如：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. （昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。） He is unhappy, for he lost his wallet. （他不开心，因为他丢了钱包。） 连词 for 06 从属连词 从属连词 because 用法 “because” 意为 “因为”，语气最强，用来回答 why 引导的疑问句，与 so 不能同时出现在一个句子中。 例如：He didn't come to school because he was ill. （他没来上学因为他生病了。） —Why are you late?（你为什么迟到？） —Because I got up late.（因为我起床晚了。） 连词 for 和 because 区别: for:间接连词，不能放句首，它是并列连词。 because:直接连词，能放句首，语气强，表示客观必然原因。 辨 析 从属连词 before 用法 意为 “在…… 之前”。引导时间状语从句。 例如：Please wash your hands before you eat. （在你吃饭之前请洗手。） He had studied English for three years before he went to the US. （在他去美国之前，他已经学了三年英语了。） 从属连词after 用法 意为 “在…… 之后”。引导时间状语从句。 例如：After he finished his homework, he went to play basketball. （他完成作业之后，去打篮球了。） We will go for a walk after dinner. （晚饭后我们将去散步。） ______ the boy finished his homework, he went to bed. Aunt Wang will be back ______ nine. 选词填空 after/before 连词 when “when”意为 “当…… 时候”，既可以指时间点，也可以指时间段，从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词。 例如：When I got home, my mother was cooking. （当我到家时，我妈妈正在做饭。got 是短暂性动词） When he was a child, he often played football. （当他是个孩子的时候，他经常踢足球。was 是延续性动词） “as” 意为 “当…… 时候；一边…… 一边……；随着”。 表示 “当…… 时候” 时，强调两个动作同时进行，可与 when 或 while 互换； 表示 “一边…… 一边……” 时，两个动作同时发生 表示 “随着” 时，强调一种变化。 例如：As we walked, we talked.（我们边走边聊。） As time goes by, we are getting older.（随着时间的流逝，我们渐渐变老。） 连词 as “since”意为 “自从”，引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时， 主句用现在完成时。 例如：Since I came to this school, I have made many friends. （自从我来到这所学校，我交了很多朋友。） 连词 since 07 巩固练习 一、选择题 1.Hurry up,_______we can’t catch the bus. A.and B.or C.so D.but 2._______Tina and Gina know Chinese. A.Both B.Neither C.Either D.But 3.She was_______surprised______she couldn’t believe her eyes. A.too; to B.such; that C.so; that D.enough; to 4.I can’t understand this sentence_______there are no new words in it. A.if B.because C.though D.as 5.You’ll be late_______you don’t get up early tomorrow morning. A.if B.when C.before D.until 6.Hi, boys, please don’t go back home_____the rain stops, or you’ll get wet. A.because B.since C.but D.until 7.______you go across the road, you must be careful. A.Since B.After C.When D.Before 8.She is listening to the music______he he is washing clothes. A.after B.before C.while D.until 9.Bill won’t make any progress_______he studies harder than before. A.if B.when C.because D.unless 10.______Lucy______Lily may go to concert with you, because they are not allowed to go out on school nights. A.Either; or B.Neither; nor C.Both; and D.Not only; but also 11.Guys,before you buy new sports shoes, please think_____it is really necessary. A.how B.when C.whether D.what 12.During the earthquake, many buildings fell down.______the people there there didn’t give up hope. A.And B.So C.Or D.But 13.______you_______your brother can join us. We want one of you. A.Both; and B.Neither; nor C.Either; or D.Not only; but also 14.Help others whenever you can _______you’ll make the world a nicer place to live. A.and B.or C.unless D.but 15.It’s quite common in Britain to say“Thank you”to the driver______people get off the bus. A.after B.since C.until D.when 适当的连词填空 （1）Since remembering English words correctly is very important, （2）_______Lucy _____Lily spend two hour to do it.（3）________it doesn‘t work. （4）______Lucy______Lily can remember all the words correctly. （5) ________it’s a hard work, they won’t give up. （6）__________they believe “no pains,no gains”. （7）______they still work hard on it. They（8）__________read the words, ___________write them.（9）______listening to their Englishi teacher Miss Wang’s advice, they have more methods to remember words. They study （10）_______hard__________they make a great progress very quickly.（11）_______them (12)_______their parents are very happy . (13)______they plan to go for a picnic at the weekend.(14) ______the weather forecast says it will rain that day. (15)_____ 改错题 1.Because he was tired, so he went to bed. 2.Though he was tired, but he still work hard. 3.I can’t sing and dance. 4.There is no water or no air on the moon.  用and, or 或 but 填空。 例： I’d like some bread and butter. 我想要一点儿面包和黄油。 1. The pears are sweet ______ juicy（多汁的）. 2. Sandra is older than Lily ______ younger than Amy. 3. Is the answer right ______ wrong? 4. I don’t like coffee ______ tea. 5. It is cold ______ windy. You should put on more clothes. 用and, or 或 but 填空。 例： I’d like some bread and butter. 我想要一点儿面包和黄油。 6. She is a good dancer ______ a poor singer. 7. Merry Christmas______ Happy New Year! 8. Are you going there by train______ by plane? 9. Don’t play with fire, ______ you will hurt yourself. 10. Both my mom ______ my dad love me very much. 用适当的词填空。 例：Both Tom and Jerry are in Class Two. 汤姆和杰瑞都在二班。 1. ______ Harry ______ Judy is at home. The house is empty. 2. — Which do you prefer, milk or soda? — ______ is OK. 3. ______ Jeff ______ Sheila like flying a kite. 4. One of you must go to fetch the tickets, ______ Jim ______ Tom. 5. ______ boys ______ girls are invited to the party. 从三个选项中选出最符合题意的一个选项。 例：I’d like some bread ______ butter. （A） A. and     B. but     C. or 我想要一点儿面包和黄油。 从三个选项中选出最符合题意的一个选项。 1.  The Greens were watching TV ______ the power went out. A. before B. after C. when 2.  You can play basketball with Ben ______ you finish your homework. A. before B. after C. when 3.  Maggie was dead tired. She went to bed ______ it was getting dark. A. before B. after C. when 从三个选项中选出最符合题意的一个选项。 4.  That man can’t be Mr Black, ______ he is now ill in bed at home.   A. for B. so C. and 5.  Jack was sad ______ he failed his maths exam again.   A. so B. and C. because 6.  Just let me know ______ you need any help.   A. because B. before C. if 从三个选项中选出最符合题意的一个选项。 7.  Don’t worry. I’ll give you a ring ______ I arrive here. A. after B. when C. as soon as 8.  The concert was great, ______ it could be better. A. but B. although C. or 9.  Mrs Brown missed the bus, ______ she had to wait for another one. A. and B. so C. but 10.  Dad sometimes snores (打鼾) ______ he is asleep. A. after B. before C. when 从三个选项中选出最符合题意的一个选项。 11.  He can’t either read ______ write. A. or B. nor C. and 12.  The elephant is huge ______ has a small tail. A. and B. but C. or 13.  ______ it’s fine tomorrow, we’ll go to the zoo. A. If B. When C. Unless 14.  What are you doing ______ I phoned you last night? A. after B. before C. when 15.  The house is too small, ______ it’s cheap. A. and B. so C. although 08 课堂总结 Summary Summary Thank you ! $$