Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language-【一线调研】2024-2025学年高中英语同步讲练测选择性必修第四册（人教版）

UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION The English teacher I respect most has already teaches us to one of the best teachers.Not only does he teach us knowledge but also he Section lI Learning About Language 单元核心·语法突破 复习被动语态 探究发现 孩子们被要求每天打扫房间。（一般现在时的被 动语态) Frankenstein is a science fiction which D was The work will have been finished by the end of written by Marry Shelley.It 2is regarded as one of next month. the earliest science fiction stories in English literature. 到下个月底这项工作将会完成。（将来完成时的 After the novel 3 was published,it drew wide 被动语态) attention.The story of the novel 1 is based on Due to the human activities,many animals are science,imagination and personal experiences.The being killed and their habitats are being damaged. novel 5has been translated into many languages. 由于人类活动，许多动物正在被杀害，而且它们 我的发现 的栖息地正在遭到破坏。（现在进行时的被动 1.文中加黑处都使用了被动语态，其结构为 语态) I received the sad news that he had been killed 2.加黑处 都是一般过去时的被 in a terrible accident. 我得知了这个不幸的消息，说他在一场可怕的事 动语态：加黑处 都是一般现 故中丧生。（过去完成时的被动语态） 在时的被动语态；加黑处 是现在完成时 [即时演练1]一单句语法填空 的被动语态 (1)May 21st is International Tea Day,which 区要点突破 (name)officially by the 一、各种时态的被动语态形式 United Nations on November 27th,2019. (2)We are confident that the environment 时间 时态 范畴 (improve)by our further 般时态 进行时态 完成时态 efforts to reduce pollution. am/is/are am/is/are 现在 has/have been done (3)It is the first time that the actress' done being done performance (recognise) was were was/were 过去 had been done by the director. done being done (4)I have to go to work by taxi because my car shall/will shall./will have 将来 (repair)at the garage. be done been done (5)It means we have the chance to obtain The children are asked to clean their room information about how the moon every day. (construct). 。9 高中同步讲练测·一线调研「英语·选择性必修第四册 二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题 1.否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词 之后。 (2)My uncle gave me a present the other day. He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctor's degree. 听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。 (3)The bad weather made me decide to stay 2.主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变 here for another day. 成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动（这 时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。 We saw him sitting there without doing (4)My uncle took good care of me when I was anything. young. He was seen sitting there without doing anything. 我们看见他坐在那里，什么也没做。 (5)The artist was sure he would His words made me laugh. choose),but when he presented his I was made to laugh by his words. masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister.the 他的话令我发笑。 old man laughed. 【温馨提示】在主动语态中，make,hear,see (6)Every minute must (make) 等词后接不定式时要省略0，但在被动语态中， use of to improve our spoken English. 则不能省略t0。 三，动词不定式的被动语态和用法 3.带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示 时，可将表示物的（直接）宾语变为主语，用fo 的动作的承受者，即动词不定式所表示的动作 或t0引出表示人的（间接）宾语，或将表示人的 与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系时，不定式一般 (间接)宾语变为主语。 要用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般式 My father is telling me an interesting 和完成式。 story now. 1.一般式：to be done,表示动词不定式的动作发生 -An interesting story is being told to me by my 在谓语的动作之后或同时发生。 father now. It is a great honor for me to be invited to host -I'm being told an interesting story by my the opening ceremony. father now. 我很荣幸受邀主持开幕式。 我的爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。 I am very happy to be praised. 4.动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结 受到表扬我非常高兴。 构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。 The magazines are not allowed to be taken out The old man was often taken care of in the of the library. past. 这些杂志不允许被带出图书馆。 那位老人过去经常被人照顾。 2.完成式：to have been done,表示不定式的动作发 [即时演练2]一将下列各句改为被动语态单 生在谓语的动作之前。 句语法填空 He is said to have been admitted to Tsinghua (1)We saw a stranger enter the building University. just now. 据说他已经被清华大学录取了。 ·10 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION [即时演练3]一用不定式的被动语态完成 is worthy to be read again. 句子 这部小说值得再读一次。 (1)法官似乎已经知道了真相。 [即时演练4]—单句语法填空 The truth seems by the (1)His books (sell)well,so judge. they are sold out soon. (2)我很荣幸能有机会做一个主题为“生命之粮” (2)This cheese not cut) 的演讲。 easily.It's too soft. I feel so honored deliver a (3)To make way for the wide street,these speech themed“Food for Life”, houses need (pull)down. (3)明年建成的机场将有助于促进这一地区的旅 2.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 游业。 (1)sb have sth to do/There be sth to do The airport next year will 型中。 help promote tourism in this area. Before the end of the meeting,I have 四、主动形式表示被动意义 something important to declare. 1.主动语态表示被动意义 会议结束之前，我有件重要的事情要宣布。 (1)连系动词如look,sound,smell.feel,taste, There is so much homework to do every day, remain,seem,hear,appear,prove等后接表语 which almost drives me mad. 时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 每天有那么多家庭作业要做，这几乎让我发疯。 The food tastes delicious. (2)动词不定式跟在性质形容词如difficult, 这种食物尝起来美味可口. hard,easy,comfortable,good等后，与句子主 What he said at the meeting sounded 语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，即sb,sth be encouraging. +adj.+todo。 他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。 Our headmaster looks hard to get close to,but (2)wash,write,sell,open,close,shut, in fact he is easy to get along with. lock,cook,cut等不及物动词后加副词easily, 我们校长看起来很雅接近，但实际上他很好 wll等时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 相处 The science fiction written by her sells very (3)动词不定式与疑问词连用时。 well. With so many books at hand.Tom had no 她写的科幻小说很畅销」 idea which to read first. The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift 手头有那么多的书，汤姆不知道要先读哪一本。 writes smoothly. [即时演练5]—单句语法填空 父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。 (1)We have four reading passages (3)“need,want,require,.deserve等+doing"用 (complete)in the coming holiday. 主动形式表示被动意义。 (2)The old man found the computer was hard This ladder wants/requires/needs repairing to (operate). be repaired. (3)She had no money (buy)a 这个梯子需要修理。 birthday present for her children. (4)“be worth doing=be worthy to be done”用 (4)The girl is easy (get)along 主动形式表示被动意义。 with. The novel is worth reading again.=The novel ·11·