Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-【一线调研】2024-2025学年高中英语同步讲练测选择性必修第四册（人教版）

UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION 单元学习日标 fiction bonus ridiculous dignity salary appointment guilty suspend dismiss declare whereas weekly 核心单词 calculate venue salesman superior inaction labour leather panel inch hazy fetch lamp 币 pace division urge random maximum explode 知 重点短语 test out more like on a...hasis pros and cons 识 superior to conflict with fall away have an urge to 概 1.more...than... 2.完全倒装 重点句型？3.强调句型 4.as if/though引导方式状语从句 览 单元语法 复习被动语态 写作任务 写一侧短篇科幻故事 单元话题引人 20,000 LEAGUES UNDER THE SEA The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat.Might I hope to be saved?The darkness was intense.I saw a black mass disappearing in the east.It was the boat!I was lost. "Help,help!"I shouted,swimming towards the boat in desperation.I was sinking!I couldn't breathe!"Help!"My mouth filled with water;I struggled against being drawn deeper,deeper down. Suddenly I felt myself quickly drawn up to the surface of the sea;and I heard these words:"If master would be so good as to hold onto my shoulder,master would swim with much greater ease."I grabbed my faithful Conseil's arm with one hand. “Is it you?”said I. “Myself,”answered Conseil. “That crash threw you as well as me into the sea?” "No:but,being in my master's service,I followed him." Conseil was cool and calm.Nevertheless,our situation was no less terrible.Near one o'clock in the morning,I suddenly felt terribly tired.Conseil had to keep me up,and our preservation depended on him alone.“Leave me!Leave me!”I said to him. “Never!”replied he.“I would drown first..” “Help！Help!'”cried Conseil..It seemed to me as if a cry answered him.There was no mistake！A human voice responded to ours!Then.I know not why,the thought of the strange,terrible animal came into my head for the first time!But that voice!I had almost no strength left;my fingers could hardly move:my mouth,opening and closing,filled with salt water.I became colder and colder.I raised my head for the last time,then I sank. At this moment a hard body struck me.I held onto it;then I felt that I was being drawn up,that 。1✉ 高中同步讲练测·一线调研「英语·选择性必修第四册 I was brought to the surface of the water,that my chest collapsed-my eyes closed.unconsciouss.I soon woke up,and half opened my eyes.I saw a face which I immediately recognised."Ned!"I cried. “The same,.sir！”replied the Canadian.. 【词汇积累】 ①violent/.valalant/adj.强烈的；暴力的 ⑥drown/draon/i.&.l.(使)淹死，（使）溺毙 ②desperation,despa'reifon/n.绝望；拼命，不顾 ⑦strike/stratk/vi.&.l.打，击，撞；突然发生不 一切 幸.罢工：打击 ③ease/iz/n.轻易，毫不费劲 ⑧unconscious/Ankonfas/.ad.不省人事的，失去 ④grab/graeb'vt.攫取，抓住 知觉的 ⑤preservation/preza'veijan/n.维护；保持；保存 [随手记] Section I Reading and Thinking 助篇章理解·答疑解惑 弘课本原文 参考译文 SATISFACTION GUARANTEED 包你满意（改编版） (Adapted) 拉里·贝尔蒙特在一家生 Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots. 产机器人的公司工作。最近，该 Recently it had begun experimenting with a household robot..It was公司开始对一个家用机器人进 going to be tested out by Larry's wife,Claire. 行试验。这将由拉里的妻子克 Claire didn't want the robot in her house,especially as her莱尔来检验。 husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks,but Larry 克莱尔并不想家里有个机器 persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be 人，尤其是在她丈夫要出差三周的 harmed.It would be a bonus.However,when she first saw the 时候，但是拉里劝她说机器人不会 robot,she felt alarmed.His name was Tony.He seemed more like a 伤害她，也不会让她受到伤害。它 将会是一个意外收获。然而，当她 human than a machine.He was tall and handsome with smooth hair 第一次见到这个机器人时，她感到 and a deep voice,although his facial expression never changed. 害怕。机器人名叫托尼，他看上去 [1]此处是although引导的让步状语从句。although引导的从 与其说是一台机器，倒不如说更像 句可置于主句前，也可置于主句后。 是一个人。他虽然面部表情一成 On the second morning,Tony brought her breakfast and then不变，但是高大英俊，头发顺滑且 ·2· UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION asked her whether she needed help dressing.She felt embarrassed声音低沉诨厚。 and quickly told him to go.Now she was being looked after by a 第二天早晨，托尼给她端来了 robot that looked so human,and it was disturbing. 早餐，然后问她是否需要帮忙穿 [2]此处help是名词，作动词needed的宾语。dressing是现在 衣。她觉得尴尬，赶紧让他离开 分词，做needed help的状语。 了。现在一个看起来很像人的机 One day,Claire mentioned that she didn't think she was clever. 器人照顾着她，这让她感到不安。 Tony said that she must feel very unhappyto say that.Claire thought it 有一天，克莱尔说，她觉得自 己不聪明。托尼说，她那样说心里 was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot,but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.He 一定感到很不快乐。虽然克莱尔 always treated her with dignity.She told him how she was unhappy that 认为她被机器人同情是荒谬的，但 她逐渐欣赏他的智慧和正直，并且 her home wasn't elegant enough for Larry,who wanted to improve his 开始信任他。他总是很尊重她 social position with a bigger salary.She wasn't like Gladys Claffern,one of 她对托尼说，对于像拉里这样想通 the richest and most powerful women around. 过更高的薪水来提高社会地位的 [3]此处是动词不定式短语作决语。 人来说，她的家不够雅致，这让她 As a favour,Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful 很不高兴。她跟格拉迪丝·克拉 and her home more elegant.So Claire borrowed some library books for him 芬不一样，克拉芬是这附近最有钱 to read,or rather,scan.She looked at his fingers with wonder as they 有势的女人之一。 turned each page.How absurd,she thought.He was just a machine. 出于好意，托尼答应帮克莱 Tony gave Claire a new hairstyle and improved her makeup..尔变得更漂亮，把她的家变得更 As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops,he wrote out雅致。于是克莱尔从图书馆借 a list of things that he would need for his work on the house..Claire了一些书给托尼读，更确切地 went downtown and bought these things.She had an appointment to说，是给他浏览一下。她惊奇地 paint her nails,then she went into an expensive elothes shop.The看着他的手指翻动书的每一页。 saleswoman there was rude to her,so she rang Tony and told him she她想，这是多么荒唐啊。他只不 was being treated badly..He spoke to the woman,who immediately过是一台机器。 changed her attitude.Claire thanked Tony,telling him that he was 托尼给克莱尔换了新发型， a“dear”.As she turned around,there stood Gladys Claffern.How并改善了地的妆容。由于他不 awful to be discovered by her,Claire thought,.By the look on her被允许陪她去商店，所以他写了 face,Claire knew that Gladys thought they were in a relationship. 一张清单，上面列有他改装房子 After all,she knew Claire's husband's name was Larry,not Tony. 所需要的东西，然后由克莱尔去 Although it was completely innocent,Claire felt guilty. 市中心采购这些东西。她按照 [4]此处是as引导的原因状语从句，as在此意为“因为，由于” 预约做好美甲，又走进了一家高 [5]此处是现在分词短语作伴随状语。 档服装店。那里的女销售员对 [6]此处是how引导的感叹句的省略，其完整语句是“How 她很无礼，她就打电话给托尼， awful it was to be discovered by her". 说自己正受到粗鲁的对待。他 When Claire got home,she wept.Gladys was everything Claire 和女销售员在电话上说了几句 wished to be.Tony told hershe was being sensitive and was just as 话，对方马上就改变了态度。克 good as Gladys.He suggested that she invite Gladys and her 莱尔对托尼表示感谢，并称他 “亲爱的”。当她转过身时，（她 ·3· 高中同步讲练测·一线调研「英语·选择性必修第四册 friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to 看到)格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那 return.By that time,Tony expected that the house,which was being 里。克莱尔想，被她发现了，这 completely transformed,would be ready. 可真糟糕。从格拉迪丝脸上的 [7]此处是省略that的宾语从句。was being sensitive为“be十 神情来看，克莱尔知道，格拉迪 being十形容词”结构，孩结构常用来表达被陈述对象行为反常（暂时 丝认为他们在交往。毕竟，格拉 的特点或表现)以及说话人的惊讶、不满、责备等情绪；“just as good 迪丝知道她的丈夫叫拉里，而不 as…”意为“和…一样好”。 是托尼。尽管这完全是清白的， [8]此处谓语动词suggested意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句要用 但克莱尔还是感到内疚。 虚拟语气，即宾语从句的谓语要用“should-十动词原形”，should可以 回到家后，克莱尔哭了。克 省略：was to leave和was to return都表示对过去将来时间的安排， 莱尔就是想成为格拉迪丝那样 为“be to do”结构。 的人。托尼对克莱尔说，她这样 想有点儿敏感，其实地就像格拉 Tony worked steadily on the improvements.Claire tried to help by working on a lightsuspended from the ceiling,but she fell off 迪丝一样好。他建议她，在他要 the ladder.Even though Tony had been in the next room,he 离开并且拉里即将回来的前一 天晚上邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋 managed to catch her in time.As he held her,she felt the warmth of 友们到家里来。到那时，托尼期 his body.She screamed,pushed him away,and ran to her room. 待这所正被彻底改装的房子可 [9]此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a light,.light与 以立刻使用。 suspend之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。 托尼有条不素地进行着改 [I0]此处是even though引导的让步状语从句。 装工作。克莱尔试图帮忙安装 The night of the party arrived.The clock struck eight.The 天花板上的吊灯，但是她从梯子 guests would be arriving soon,so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest上掉了下来。尽管托尼当时在 of the night.At that moment,Tony took her in his arms,bringing 隔壁房间，但还是及时接住了 his face close to hers.Sheheard him declare that he did not want 她。他抱着她时，她感觉到了他 to leave her the next day,and that he felt more than just the desire to 身体的温暖。她尖叫了起来，推 please her.Then the front door bell rang. 开了他，跑回了自己房间。 [I1]此处是“主语+would should-+be十doing”构成的过去将来 聚会之夜到来。八点的时 进行时，表示在过去某一时间之后即将进行动作，或在过去将来的某 钟散响了。客人们马上就要到 一时间正在发生的动作。 了，因此那天晚上克莱尔让托尼 [l2]heard him declare为“hear sb do”结构，其中do是不带to 离开。就在那一刻，托尼接住了 的动词不定式，作宾语补足语，表示动作发生的全过程：and连接两个 她，把脸贴近她的脸。她听到他 由that引导的并列宾语从句，第二个that不能省略。 说，明天他不想离开她，而且他 不仅仅是想讨她的欢心。这时， 前门的门铃响了。 课文深读·分析篇 Slcp1:把握课文脉络 B.How a robot helps people. 1.What's the passage mainly about? C.What a robot can do. A.How to make a robot. D.A test on a household robot. 4 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION 2.Match the main idea of each part. Part 1(Paras.1~3) Part 2(Paras.4~8) Part 3(Para.9) A.The night before Tony left. 2.Read the passage carefully and find the B.Claire's attitude to a robot at home and how sentences to describe feelings or psychology. (细读短文并找出感情或心理描写的句子) she felt when she first knew Tony. C.What Tony did to help Claire. Step2:了解课文细节 1.What does Larry Belmont think of testing out the robot in his house? A.It is an extra benefit. B.It is his responsibility. 3.Read the passage carefully and find the C.It helps improve his house. sentences to describe movements.(细读短文 D.It can make Claire happy. 并找出动作描写的句子) 2.How did Claire feel when Tony offered to help her get dressed? A.Proud. B.Happy. C.Guilty. D.Embarrassed. 3.Why does Tony work on the house improvements? A.Because Claire wants to hold a party in her Step4:突破课文难点 house. 1.Do you think it is possible for a person to love a B.Because Claire plans to give Larry a surprise. robot?Why?(Critical Thinking批判性思维) C.Because Claire doesn't think it good enough for Larry. D.Because Claire intends to make the best of Tony. 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.Tony falls in love with Claire. 2.What relationship do you think will develop B.Tony will have a rest that night. between humans and robots in the future? C.Tony will stay with Claire forever. (Creative Thinking创造性思维) D.Tony,the robot needs to be improved. Step3:理解文本内容 1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe the appearance.(细读短 文并找出外貌描写的句子) ·5· 高中同步讲练测·一线调研「英语·选择性必修第四册 重难点知识·要突破 重点词汇详解 1 favour n.恩惠；好意：帮助：支持l.偏爱(favourable adj.有利的：赞同的) do sb a favour帮某人的忙 【练透】单句语法填空 ask sb a favour请求某人帮忙 D Much to her sorrow,the saleswoman didn't in favour of支持 make a (favour)impression on her boss. in one's favour对某人有利 【写美】完成句子 【佳句】I would like you to do me a favour:Could ②正如您所知道的，形势对我不利。因此我写信向 you please offer me some tips on how to improve 您求助，我想知道您能否支持我。 my English writing？ As you know,the situation isn't 我想请求你帮忙：你能给我一些关于如何提高英语 _·So I am writing to I wonder 写作的建议吗？ if you could be appointmentn.预约；约会：委任(appoint.任命；委派；安排；约定appointed山j.指定的；约定的) (1)make have an appointment with sb和某人有约 【写美】完成句子 keep an/.the'one's appointment赴约；守约 ②我和这位科幻小说作家在咖啡馆有约。但是由 break an/.the appointment失约 于一位不速之客，我不得不失约。因我不能赴约， (2)appoint sb(as'to be),任命某人（为） 请替我传达我真挚的歉意。 appoint sb to do sth指派某人去做某事 the science fiction writer at 【佳句】They have appointed a new head teacher the cafe.But because of an unexpected visitor.I at my son's school. have to Please convey my 我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。 heartfelt apology for not 【练透】单句语法填空 ③他总是委派我做各种工作，这使我勃然大怒。 ①Learning that you (appoint) He to be the chairwoman of the organization.I am which made me explode with anger. writing to congratulate you. 3 guilty adj.内疚的：有罪的；有过失的(guilt n.内疚；悔恨；犯罪，罪行) be guilty of.…犯有…罪 of theft. feel guilty about/,for at…对i为…感到内疚 【写美】完成句子 有愧 ②售货员对犯如此愚蠢的错误感到内疚，眼中涌出 【佳句】I felt guilty and full of remorse. 内疚的泪水。 我感到内疚，并且非常懊悔 The salesman making such a 【练透】单句语法填空 stupid mistake and welled up DThe guy was declared to be (guilt) in his eyes. 4 dismiss vt,让（某人）离开：解散：解雇：消除 dismiss sb for…因…而解雇/开除某人 【佳句】The suggestion should not be dismissed dismiss.…from…去除，消除：解雇；免职：开除 out of hand. 这建议不应当直接就被摒弃。 6 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION 【练透】单句语法填空 她陷入了无尽的悲伤。 DIt turned out that he was dismissed The chairwoman her post for being lazy and dishonest. some so-called rumours,which threw her into the 【写美】完成句子 world of endless sadness. ②女主席由于一些所谓的传闻被免除了职位，这使 5 declare vt.表明；宣称；公布(declaration n.宣宜称；声明) declare sb sth to be,宣布某人或某事是… (declare)that we would organize the fruit-picking declare for/against赞成反对 activity. declare war(on/against…)(向…)宣战 【写美】一句多译 declare sth/that…宣布… ③“认识我们身边的植物”活动被认为最有意义，它 ltis/was declared that…据宣布… 让我们认识了校园里不同的植物。 【佳句】Although he boiled with anger,he was →The activity“Getting to Know the Plants unwilling to declare war on his old friends. Around Us” 尽管他怒不可遏，他也不愿意向他的老朋友宣战。 which enabled us to identify different plants on 【练透】单句语法填空 campus. D When asked for his opinion,he declared the activity "Getting to strongly the policy,saying that it was Know the Plants Around Us"was the most unfair. meaningful,which enabled us to identify different After considering all the pros and cons,I declared plants on campus. the decision,and thus,I 重点句型解构 国more…than…与其说…不如说… 【教材原句】He seemed more like a human than a machine. 他看上去更像一个人，而不像一台机器。 more…than的基本用法：“比…更…”：特 【练透】单句语法填空 殊用法：“与其说…不如说…”，“是…而不 DDon't blame your son for this absurd mistake. 是…”。 In fact,he is frustrated than you. more than十数词，表示“超过；不止”，相当于 【写美】完成句子 over ②与其说一些著名的科幻作家是小说家，不如说他 more than十名词，意为“不只是：不仅仅…”，相 们是预言者。 当于not only。 Some famous science fiction writers are more than十形容词/副词，意为“非常，很”，相当 于very. ③我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他非常乐意帮助 more than one十单数名词，意为“不止一个”，在语 我们学英语。他不仅仅是我们的老师，还是我们的 意上虽为复数，但作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 亲密朋友。 The person I respect most is my English teacher, 【佳句】More than one worker has been dismissed who is with so far. English studies.He is 到目前为止，已经解雇了不止一名工人。 and he is also our close friend. ·7✉ 高中同步讲练测·一线调研「英语·选择性必修第四册 ④我们班有40多名学生，与其说他们聪明不如说 our class,who are 他们勤奋。 There are In 2t+be十adj.十that从句 【教材原句】Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot,but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同 情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。 “It十be十ad.十that从向”是固定向式，其中it 【写美】完成句子 是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。it ①双胞胎突然想起他们可以为亲爱的妈妈做一顿 作形式主语的常用句式： 美味的母亲节早餐。 (1)lt十be+adj.+that从句 they could cook (2)It+be十过去分词(said,thought,hoped, a delicious Mother's Day breakfast for their believed,reported.,)+that从句 beloved mother. (3)It+be+名词短语(a fact,a pity,an ②人们希望把中国传统文化传播到世界。 honour.)十that从句 our traditional Chinese (4)lt+不及物动词(seem,occur,happen)十that cultures should be spread to the world. 从句 ③碰巧我救了一只浑身是蜘蛛网、无法逃脱的 【佳句】It is obvious that he has an urge to take 蜂鸟。 over the company.显然他有强烈的欲望接管这家 I saved a hummingbird that 公司。 was covered in spiderwebs,unable to escape. 中频词汇特训 on a...basis根据：以…的方式（基准） (1)on a regular basis定期地；例行地；有规律地 to read the English newspaper on a regular basis. on a daily/.weekly basis每天/每周 我每天读半小时的英文报。以大量的阅读为基础， on the basis of,以…为基础 我极大地提高了我的英语。基于我自己的经历，我 (2)base…on/upon…把…置于…基础之上 呼吁你们所有人定期读英文报。 be based on upon…以…为基础根据 【写美】完成句子 【佳句】I read the English newspaper for half an 我强烈建议你应该将分组建立在学生的考试成绩、 hour on a daily basis.On the basis of much 语言表现或兴趣爱好上。 reading,I have greatly improved my English. I strongly recommend that you Based upon my own experience.I call on all of you 2 distinguish vi.&t.区分：辨别(distinguished ad.卓越的：受人尊敬的) distinguish A from B=distinguish between A and 【练透】单句语法填空 B把A和B区分开 DAn activity will be held in honor of Qu Yuan, distinguish oneself(as…)(作为…)使自己扬名 who was a (distinguish)poet in Chinese 【佳句】Sometimes reality and fantasy are hard to history. distinguish. 【写美】完成句子 有时候现实和幻想很难区分。 ②我最尊敬的英语老师已经作为最优秀的老师而 扬名。他不仅教我们知识，而且教我们分辨是非。 8 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION The English teacher I respect most has already teaches us to one of the best teachers.Not only does he teach us knowledge but also he Section lI Learning About Language 单元核心·语法突破 复习被动语态 探究发现 孩子们被要求每天打扫房间。（一般现在时的被 动语态) Frankenstein is a science fiction which D was The work will have been finished by the end of written by Marry Shelley.It 2is regarded as one of next month. the earliest science fiction stories in English literature. 到下个月底这项工作将会完成。（将来完成时的 After the novel 3 was published,it drew wide 被动语态) attention.The story of the novel 1 is based on Due to the human activities,many animals are science,imagination and personal experiences.The being killed and their habitats are being damaged. novel 5has been translated into many languages. 由于人类活动，许多动物正在被杀害，而且它们 我的发现 的栖息地正在遭到破坏。（现在进行时的被动 1.文中加黑处都使用了被动语态，其结构为 语态) I received the sad news that he had been killed 2.加黑处 都是一般过去时的被 in a terrible accident. 我得知了这个不幸的消息，说他在一场可怕的事 动语态：加黑处 都是一般现 故中丧生。（过去完成时的被动语态） 在时的被动语态；加黑处 是现在完成时 [即时演练1]一单句语法填空 的被动语态 (1)May 21st is International Tea Day,which 区要点突破 (name)officially by the 一、各种时态的被动语态形式 United Nations on November 27th,2019. (2)We are confident that the environment 时间 时态 范畴 (improve)by our further 般时态 进行时态 完成时态 efforts to reduce pollution. am/is/are am/is/are 现在 has/have been done (3)It is the first time that the actress' done being done performance (recognise) was were was/were 过去 had been done by the director. done being done (4)I have to go to work by taxi because my car shall/will shall./will have 将来 (repair)at the garage. be done been done (5)It means we have the chance to obtain The children are asked to clean their room information about how the moon every day. (construct). 。9