U2 Section Ⅰ “Reading”的课文习读环节（课件PPT）-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版2019）

UNIT 2 Natural disasters 译林英语必修第三册 1 把握单元素养目标 主题意识 本单元的主题是“自然灾害与防范”。通过阅读描写自然灾害的文章，认识自然灾害的巨大破坏力，掌握遇到自然灾害时的自救知识；学会在实际生活中运用所学应对各种自然灾害及突发情况，增强解决问题的意识和能力。 语法项目 掌握动词不定式作定语和结果状语的核心规则，并在语境中正确运用。 续表 语言输入 听 学会提取录音中的关键词，同时获取并整合听力材料中有关在洪水中安全自救的信息。 读 通过阅读有关自然灾害的新闻报道、相关故事以及小说节选，能够了解和掌握一些与自然灾害相关的安全常识和防范措施。 看 通过观看有关自然灾害的视频，感受自然力量的强大以及自然灾害的巨大破坏性，树立防灾意识和自我保护意识。 续表 语言输出 写 能从不同角度描述火灾场景，学会合理续写故事的结尾。 说 能就常见自然灾害的种类、特点、起因、危害等与同伴交流讨论；并能向同伴简要介绍自然灾害的防范知识和可以采取的自救措施。 Section Ⅰ　“Reading” 的课文习读环节 目 录 课文阅读理解 课文写法借鉴 美文阅读润心 课时检测 课文阅读理解 (一)理清文脉结构 泛读课文，完成以下学习任务 17 March Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake correctly earthquake safety procedures 20 December Goldshore Beach helped a safety officer tsunamis √ (二)把握主旨大意 1．What's the main idea of the first text? A．The students at Falmont Primary School suffered an earthquake. B．An earthquake hit Falmont Primary School. C．An earthquake caused great damage to Falmont Primary School. D．Students from Falmont Primary School successfully escaped an earthquake. 2．What's the main idea of the second text? A．A tsunami hit Goldshore Beach. B．A girl survived a tsunami. C．A girl helped about 100 people escape from a tsunami. D．A safety officer helped people escape from a tsunami. √ (一)阅读理解 1．What were the students doing when the earthquake hit Falmont? A．Playing on the beach. B．Practising safety procedures. C．Having a break between classes. D．Having a class. √ 精读课文，完成以下学习任务 2．How did the students react during the earthquake? A．Frightened.　　　　 B．Calm. C．Relaxed. D．Nervous. √ 3．Why could the kids protect themselves during the earthquake? A．They often practised earthquake safety procedures. B．Alice Brown was the head teacher at Falmont Primary School. C．The classroom doors of Falmont Primary School were open. D．The students of Falmont Primary School were brave. √ [Tip] 防干扰之“间接原因” 对于考查事件原因的试题，以间接原因作为干扰项是常见的设误方式。如本题的C、D选项与题干也有关联，且存在一定的事实依据，但它们只是学生能在地震中保护好自己、安全逃生的间接原因，A选项才是直接原因，即真正的原因。 4．What did Sabrina notice about the sea? A．The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer and kept coming in. B．It was calm and going in and then out. C．The water was warm. D．There was nothing special. √ 5．What was Sabrina's parents' first reaction to her warning? A．They thought little of the warning. B．They went to a safety officer immediately. C．They were too frightened to leave. D．They cleared the beach of people. √ (二)阅读表达 1．How many deaths and injuries did the earthquake cause in Falmont？How about the Falmont Primary School? Only 5 students suffered slight injuries in the school, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large. 2．What can we learn from these two news reports? We cannot prevent natural disasters but we can arm ourselves with knowledge.Loss of life can be limited through disaster preparation.We need to respond to these situations calmly and quickly. 3．What can be done to prepare for a natural disaster? (1)Equip ourselves with knowledge about certain disaster. (2)Learn some techniques to help us survive in the disaster. (3)Practise safety procedures and learn to keep calm in face of disasters. |阅|读|技|能|提|升| 本文由两则新闻报道组成，具有鲜明的新闻体裁的文体特征。新闻报道的第一段往往讲明时间、地点、人物、主要事件以及结果，随后各段着重描述事件发生的细节，并补充相关信息。 阅读时应细读首段，理清新闻报道的人物、时间、地点及主要事件。如第一则新闻的首段首句“FALMONT — On 17 March, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county at 2：27 p．m.”将涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件全部涵盖在内。 课文写法借鉴 (一)赏用词之妙　 1．Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large. 赏析：本句中使用了形容词slight“轻微的”，更确切地描写出地震发生后，弗尔蒙特小学的师生受影响较小的情况。形容词的使用可以使描写对象更形象具体。 2．After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other. 赏析：safe and sound这一短语描写出师生们安然无恙地从地震中逃生。laughing、 crying和hugging几个动词的连用则写出了他们死里逃生后的激动心情。 3．...so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake. 赏析：本句中enough修饰形容词calm，描绘出了学生们在地震发生时冷静的表现。 4．To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. 赏析：本句中使用了副词immediately来修饰动词realized，以此更准确地表达出安全员的快速反应。 [提能训练]　(完成句子) ①She felt in her injured arm. 她感到受伤的手臂有轻微的疼痛。 ②I won't be able to relax until I know that the kids are . 直到知道孩子们安然无恙，我才能放松下来。 ③John is to live on his own. 约翰足够大了，可以独自生活了。　　　　 a slight pain safe and sound old enough (二)赏句式之高　 1．At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 赏析：本句中使用了in case引导的目的状语从句，解释了布朗老师开门的原因，表现出了布朗老师在危急情况下的沉着、冷静。 2．There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground, but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly. 赏析：本句中but引导的转折分句与前半句形成对照，凸显了危急情况下，学生们的冷静与沉着。 3．NEWDALE — On 20 December, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead. 赏析：本句中使用了过去分词短语caused by ...作a series of huge waves的定语。过去分词(短语)作定语是写作中的高级表达，可以使语言运用更简洁、高效。 4．People were walking, running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair. 赏析：本句中使用了现在分词短语enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind作伴随状语，形象生动地表现出海啸来临前人们欢快畅玩的景象。 [提能训练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①The girls were gathering in the hall, singing and dancing, _________ (celebrate) the important festival. ②I took my driving license with me on holiday,____________________ . 度假时我随身带了驾照，以防我想要租车。 celebrating in case I wanted to hire a car ③The speech contest turned out to be a great success. 昨天在我们学校举行的演讲比赛结果很成功。　　　　 held in our school yesterday (三)赏描摹之韵(场景描写)　 1．Her students' reaction was quick and correct — they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks.At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 赏析：本段文字描述了地震发生时师生们的反应。首先，作者用quick and correct对他们的反应进行了评价，然后用moved under、 held on to、 quickly opened等词描述他们是如何迅速而正确地应对地震局面的。第一句中的破折号起到解释说明的作用，at the same time自然衔接前后文，同时呈现了面对地震时，老师和学生各自做出的应对。 2．The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.Within one minute and twenty seconds, the whole class went down the stairs and rushed to the playground.Soon students from other classes arrived too.After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other. 赏析：此段文字讲述了师生们逃到安全地带的过程。首先，作者运用the moment引导的时间状语从句描述了老师所作的迅速反应，同时，sense、 signal、 rush、 relax等一系列的动作描写贴切地再现了当时的场景，准确地描述了地震中师生们的行动。此外，作者运用in an orderly line以及covering their heads with their hands形象地描写了学生们有序撤离的场景；时间状语Within one minute and twenty seconds强调了行动的迅速；safe and sound交代了撤离的效果。最后一句中运用几个并列的现在分词作伴随状语生动地呈现了师生们劫后余生的激动场面。 (四)赏逻辑之巧　 Sabrina was frightened, but she soon kept her head.She warned her parents of the danger, though at first they just thought she was joking.However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer.To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger.The beach was rapidly cleared of people, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast. 赏析：作者使用了but、 though、 However、 before等连接词条理清晰地描绘出事件的情节线(明线)：感知危险→告知父母→父母不信→Sabrina坚持→通知安全员→游客撤离→海啸来临。同时，frightened、 kept her head、 to her great relief等词也生动地描写了Sabrina的心理活动，清晰地呈现了本段描写中感情线(暗线)的变化：恐惧→冷静→积极应对→如释重负。 美文阅读润心 自然灾害是人与自然矛盾的一种表现形式，是人类过去、现在、将来所面对的最严峻的挑战之一。自然灾害给人们的生命和财产带来了极大的威胁，意外遭遇自然灾害时，我们需要保持镇定，鼓起勇气，冷静应对。阅读下面的短文，学习文中描写的人们团结一心战胜灾害的决心和对未来生活充满希望的乐观的人生态度。 Stars after the storm It's strange, but I don't really remember much about the hurricane itself.It all happened so quickly.I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just flew off.All of a sudden, there was sky where the roof had been.I was so frightened that I just froze. Mom cried to get out quickly, but it was already too late by then.The rain was coming down so hard and so fast.Our street turned into a river in seconds.We were going nowhere. At first, I was pleased we could stay at home, but soon it got really tough.Without a roof, staying inside was too dangerous.There was water everywhere, but we couldn't drink any of it otherwise we'd get really sick.We just had drinking water that was sent to us by helicopter, but it was never enough.It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! Living in the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitos. But Mom said that whatever happens， we should always try to see the good side of things.It was difficult to stay positive, though.We had lost our home and everything in it, including Smartie.All we had left were the clothes on our backs.But as Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe.Mom's words made us ① feel better.I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars.Because there were no lights, we could see the Big Dipper, the Little Dipper and the Milky Way.It was amazing! Even though we had lost a lot, moments like those gave us hope for the future. [阅读理解] 1．What is the phrase “Stars after the storm” mainly about? A．The rescue of the cat Smartie during the hurricane. B．The survival and hope through the hurricane. C．The damage caused by the hurricane. D．The stars of New Orleans after the storm. √ 2．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us? A．It rained heavily. B．Smartie was lost. C．There was no water to drink. D．The hurricane caused much trouble. √ 3．What is the most important thing when the disaster comes according to the author's mom's words? A．Their house.　　　　　 B．Their property. C．Their health and safety. D．Smartie. √ [素养积累] 1．由文积词汇 otherwise adv.　　 否则，要不然 helicopter n. 直升机 mosquito n. 蚊子 the Big Dipper 北斗七星 the Little Dipper 小北斗七星 the Milky Way 银河 be surrounded by 被……环绕 reminder n. 引起回忆的事物，提醒人的事物 2．据文悟句式 句①：that引导宾语从句；whatever意为“无论什么”，引导让步状语从句。 句②：“their beauty inspiring ...on”是动词-ing形式的独立主格结构，在句中作状语。inspiring和giving的逻辑主语是their beauty，而不是句子的主语we。 课时检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Using 1900 as a starting point, here's a look at some of the most powerful and destructive hurricanes in the last 120 years in the US. Most powerful hurricanes Hurricane Camille, which landed on August 17,1969 near Waveland, Mississippi, is the most powerful storm to strike the Gulf Coast.Camille is one of the four category (级别)-5 hurricanes ever to make a landing in the US, the others being the 1935 Labor Day Hurricane，Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and Hurricane Michael in 2018. According to the National Weather Service, the actual wind speed of Hurricane Camille might be around 175 mph along the coast. Until the arrival of Hurricane Katrina, Camille's more than 24-foot storm wave in Pass Christian，Mississippi，held the record.Katrina's storm wave along the Mississippi coast reached 30 feet. Costliest hurricanes Hurricane Katrina is not only the costliest-ever US hurricane but also the most expensive natural disaster in the country's history.Not only did it cost as many as 1,836 lives and leave millions of people homeless, but it also caused $160 billion in damages. Katrina landed near the Gulf Coast on August 29,2005 as a category-3 storm.The hurricane's record-breaking waves flooded 80% of the city. Deadliest hurricanes The category-4 Hurricane Galveston made a surprising landing along the Texas coast on September 8,1900.It caused a 16-foot storm wave and its wind speed reached 150 mph. A large part of the city of Galveston, Texas, was left in ruins.The number of death reached 12,000 on Galveston Island and the mainland.It remains the deadliest weather disaster in the US history as it gave the people no time to move out. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了自1900年以来，过去120年来美国最强大、最具破坏性的飓风。 1．How many category-5 storms have stricken the US since 1900? A．1.　　 B．2.　　　C．3.　　　D．4. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Camille is one of the four category-5 hurricanes ...and Hurricane Michael in 2018.”可知，自1900年以来，已有四次5级风暴袭击美国。 √ 2．Which is the costliest hurricane in the US? A．Hurricane Camille. B．Hurricane Andrew. C．Hurricane Katrina. D．Labor Day Hurricane. 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Hurricane Katrina is not only the costliest-ever US hurricane ...in the country's history.”可知，给美国造成损失最大的飓风是卡特里娜飓风。 √ 3．Why has Hurricane Galveston become the deadliest weather disaster in the US? A．It has caught the people by surprise. B．It has caused the biggest waves. C．It has had the highest wind speed. D．It has brought in the heaviest rainfall. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“The category-4 Hurricane Galveston made a surprising landing ...on September 8, 1900.”和最后一段最后一句“It remains the deadliest weather disaster ...as it gave the people no time to move out.”可知，因为它让人们措手不及，所以加尔维斯顿飓风成为美国最致命的天气灾害。 B In 2015, Chennai was destroyed by one of the worst floods in over a century, leaving thousands without food, water and supplies.During the flood, many heroes arose, one of whom was Santosh, a young man who owned a take-out restaurant in Chennai. When the first flood hit in November, he got a call from a company called Naga Rava.The company asked him to prepare 5,000 packets of food and give them to the flood victims.He, with his partners, took the order, cooked for 14 hours and delivered them.But that night, as they sat together discussing the event of the day, they actually felt ashamed.“Here was a man not even from Chennai and he was going out of his way to help the affected people.We, while living here, had not really done anything ourselves for our own people，” said Santosh later. He then began the groundwork for a collection to help cook more dishes.Little did he know that the November flood was just the beginning, and the real show was about to begin.The December flood affected them all.His own house got flooded and his family was trapped on the second floor.They lost phone connection and electricity.In spite of this, Santosh went back out into the flood, creating a kitchen and preparing food all by himself for the victims. He did not sleep for four days, taking a one-hour break every day as he kept on cooking.As word got out about this man's effort, others stepped out to join him.From children to the elderly, strangers came to help him in cooking, packing and transporting food.Up to 300 volunteers worked together to make it all happen.By the time the fourth day finally came to an end, Santosh and his team had prepared 170,000 food boxes and delivered them to people in need. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在一次严重的洪灾期间，Santosh和一些好心人一起准备了17万份盒饭救援灾区的故事。 4．What inspired Santosh to help the affected people? A．A call for help. B．His cooking skills. C．An act of kindness of a stranger. D．The encouragement from his partners. 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，是一个陌生人的善举激励Santosh帮助灾民。 √ 5．What does the underlined part “the real show” in the third paragraph refer to? A．The help and support. B．The severer flood. C．Santosh's family suffering. D．Santosh's cooking more food. √ 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词下文可知，此处的“the real show”指的是12月更严重的洪水。 6．Which of the following can best describe Santosh? A．Energetic and helpful. B．Determined and clever. C．Selfless and caring. D．Kind and wise. √ 解析：推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，Santosh的家也遭遇了洪水，但是他依然去帮助其他受灾的人们，这说明他无私且关心他人。 √ 7．What is the best title for the text? A．Many Hands Make Light Work B．Kindness Is Its Own Reward C．Major Floods Brought Challenges to People D．A Man Cooked 170,000 Meals for the Affected 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了在严重的洪灾期间，Santosh和一些好心人一起准备了17万份盒饭救援灾区的故事。故D项适合作文章标题。 C Tsunamis are one of the most terrifying natural phenomena that the world suffers.The series of waves produced by the displacement (位移) of a large volume of water can be caused by several events, including earthquakes, underwater explosions and landslides.Once triggered (引发), a tsunami can hit the coast within minutes and its destructive power can be enormous. At present，early warning systems rely on measuring the movement of dart buoys (浮标)，which record changes in the sea level, or assessing the bottom water pressure of the developing tsunami.But they require the tsunami to physically reach the measurement location.The buoys could be fixed in the deep ocean, but this requires an unrealistically big number of buoys.Or people can fix the buoys along the shoreline, but due to the high speed of the tsunami, this method may leave no warning time for people on the land. Instead, there is a new system using sound waves to predict tsunamis.Sound waves caused by an earthquake can travel much faster than the tsunami that has been triggered.Using standard underwater microphones, we can record these sound waves long before the tsunami arrives regardless of the direction in which the tsunami will travel.The sound signals come from changes in pressure, so what we actually analyze is a series of data on how the pressure is changing overtime.Though buoys also show changes in pressure, the tsunami front must actually reach the buoys to inform us that there is an increase in the water surface.By using underwater microphones, however, we only need to catch the sound signals. Though the idea of using sound waves to predict tsunamis has been put forward previously, the key to our idea is a new mathematical method that can be used to analyze these recorded sound signals in near real-time.Once this is worked out, we can not only warn people of a tsunami but also more accurately estimate its size long before it reaches the shoreline. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述造成海啸的原因、海啸的破坏力以及当前海啸预警系统的弊端，从而介绍了一个新的实时海啸预警系统。 √ 8．From paragraph 1, we know . A．what can trigger off tsunamis B．how to predict tsunamis effectively C．why tsunamis are the worst natural disaster D．how to protect the coastal areas from tsunamis 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The series of waves produced by the displacement of a large volume of water can be caused by several events, including earthquakes, underwater explosions and landslides.”可知，我们可以知道什么会引发海啸。 9．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The dart buoys. B．The changes in the sea level. C．The changes in water pressure. D．The present early warming systems. √ 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段第一句“early warning systems rely on measuring the movement of dart buoys”可知，当前的预警系统需要海啸实际到达测量地点。“they”指的是“当前的预警系统”。 10．What can we infer about the new warning system from paragraph 3? A．It has high accuracy. B．It can increase warning time. C．It can monitor changeable sea levels. D．It can adapt to various water wave conditions. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Instead, there is a new system using sound waves to predict tsunamis ...in which the tsunami will travel.”可推知，新的预警系统是可以增加预警时间的。 11．What's the best title for the text? A．Ways to Guard Against Tsunamis B．Methods of Analyzing Sound Signals C．A New Real-time Tsunami Warning System D．Tsunami — The Most Terrifying Natural Disaster √ 解析：标题归纳题。根据第三段第一句和最后一段第一句并结合全文内容可知，本文通过讲述造成海啸的原因、海啸的破坏力以及当前海啸预警系统的弊端，从而介绍了一个新的实时海啸预警系统。所以文章最佳标题是“一个新的实时海啸预警系统”。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 The thought of a natural disaster can be frightening，but you can prepare yourself and your family with an emergency kit.Though you may not know what kind of disaster will strike or when, 12 . ·Pack a 3-day supply of food and water.Choose food items with a long shelf life, which don't require refrigeration or little cooking, such as canned goods and packaged items, in case you don't have power due to a disaster.Besides, store 1 gallon (3.8 L) of water per person (and per pet) per day. 13 ， so be sure to include plenty of purified (净化的) water in bottles. · 14 .Pack emergency blankets, sleeping bags, and a tent or two in case you can't stay in your home.A multi-purpose tool like a knife and a whistle would also be handy to have in your kit. ·Pack electronics and batteries.In the event of a big disaster, be sure to have several flashlights, an AM/FM radio, and extra batteries, 15 . ·Include medicine and a first-aid kit.Prescription and over-the-counter medicines should be included in your kit. 16 .Pack extra glasses and any other medical supplies that may be needed, like hearing aids with extra batteries. A．here are some tips for you B．Add shelter and safety supplies C．It's best to store enough water for 2 weeks D．Tap water may be unsafe to drink in the event of a disaster E．you'll be ready for an emergency if you take the time to get well prepared F．because your landline, cellphone will probably not work during a natural disaster G．Add a basic first-aid kit containing instant ice packs, bandages, scissors and so on 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为应对自然灾害，你可以为自己和家人准备一个应急包，以及应急包中应该备有什么物品。 12．选E　上文提到虽然你不知道会发生什么样的灾难或什么时候发生，E项“如果你提前准备好就能更好地面对紧急情况”与上文构成转折关系，符合语境。 13．选D　根据上下文可知，一定要准备足够的水，并保证水的安全性。D项出现的关键词“water”符合上下文内容，且此项与下文构成因果关系。 14．选B　空处为段首句，为本段的主旨。根据下文可知，本段讲的是带上避难和安全用品。故B项符合语境。 15．选F　由段首句可知，本段内容和电子产品相关；F项解释了带电池、手电筒和收音机的原因，与上文构成因果关系，逻辑衔接自然。 16．选G　由段首句可知，本段内容与急救包相关；G项也和急救包相关，且上下文意义一致。 Now, one year has passed.Although we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster, we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives.Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, . $$