U4 Section Ⅴ “Extended reading”的课文习读环节（课件PPT）-【新课程学案】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版2019）

Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading” 的课文习读环节 目 录 课文阅读理解 课文写法借鉴 课时检测 课文阅读理解 (一)理清文脉结构 泛读课文，完成以下学习任务 science value power decided enjoyment mysteries doubt authority freedom progress √ (二)把握主旨大意 What is the main idea of the text? A．Science is good and makes good things. B．Science means destruction. C．Science leads to wonderful questions and mysteries. D．Science has its own values. (一)阅读理解 1．What do we know most about science? A．It absolutely makes good things for everybody. B．It only puts our future at risk. C．It enables us to do and make all kinds of things. D．It is too complex for people to understand. √ 精读课文，完成以下学习任务 [Tip] 推理判断题考查通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，进行推理、判断的能力。正确选项中一般不包含表示绝对概念的词汇，如A选项中的 absolutely和B选项中的only等。正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有余地的词汇，如often、 usually、 sometimes、 some、 may、 might、 can、 could、 possibly、 probably等。 2．Whenever we make a deep breakthrough in science, what will we find then? A．Disappointing answers. B．More knowledge. C．Depression. D．More questions and mysteries. √ 3．What does a scientist often go through? A．Experiment, ignorance and doubt. B．Ignorance, doubt and uncertainty. C．Problems, experiment and uncertainty. D．Problems, doubt and effort. √ 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．We shouldn't doubt anything all the time. B．We shouldn't fear doubts. C．Freedom of thought should be encouraged. D．Scientists should question something bravely. √ 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．Everything has two sides. B．All is progressing. C．Authority is science. D．Science can change everything. √ (二)阅读表达 1．What are the responsibilities of scientists? ① ② ③ To declare the value of the freedom of thought. To teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed. To demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. 2．Feynman believes that of all science's many values, the greatest must be the freedom to doubt.How do you understand this？(The answers may vary.) Doubt is the key to knowledge.We shouldn't take anything for granted.With doubt and curiosity, we keep a fresh mind to our surroundings. |阅|读|技|能|提|升| 本文的语篇类型是演讲稿。演讲稿的结构通常包括开场白、正文、结尾三部分。 (1)常用的开场白有点明主题式、交代背景式、提出问题式等。不论哪种开场白，目的都是使听众立即了解演讲主题、引入正文、引起思考等。如本文作者在开场白中通过自我设问“科学中是否也有罪恶的成分”来抓住听众(读者)的注意力。 (2)演讲稿的正文也是整篇演讲的主体。主体部分通常讲究重点突出、层次分明。如本文主体部分条理清楚、由浅入深地诠释了科学三个层面的价值。 (3)结尾是演讲内容的收束，通常起着深化主题的作用。如本文在讲明了科学的价值之后，在尾段中强调了科学家的责任。 课文写法借鉴 (一)赏用词之妙　 1．But then during the war I worked on the atomic bomb. 赏析：work on表示“从事于，致力于”，描述了作者致力于科研工作的情况，用词贴切。 2．Put another way, what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to ... 赏析：put another way“换句话说”用来解释说明前面提到的内容。类似的表达还有：namely、 that is to say、 in other words等。 3．I thought long and hard about this question, and I will try to answer it in this talk. 赏析：long and hard及后面的try强调了作者苦思冥想，想要给出这一问题的理想解答。 4．Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could. 赏析：本句中的all sorts of强调了科学的价值：引导我们构想出形形色色的东西，同时 fantastic及比较级的运用对这一价值做了进一步强调。 [提能训练]　(完成句子) ①The mobile library services have been reorganised— ______________, they visit fewer places. 流动图书馆服务重新做了安排——换句话说，他们去的地方减少了。 ②The shelves were filled with — eggplants, cucumbers, cabbages, tomatoes. 茄子、黄瓜、卷心菜、西红柿，各种蔬菜摆满了货架。 put another way all sorts of vegetables ③On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies . 总的来说，有抱负的学生比那些没有抱负的学生更有可能在学业上取得成功。 than those with little ambition (二)赏句式之高　 1．Such power has obvious value — even though the power may be negated by what one does with it. 赏析：此处运用了even though引导的让步状语从句，强调了即使科学的力量被人滥用去做了不好的事，但其价值仍是不可否认的。 2．With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still. 赏析：此处使用了完全倒装句式，既起到平衡句式、避免头重脚轻的作用，又有利于与前文自然紧密地衔接，使语句更加流畅。 3．The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of very great importance. 赏析：本句中运用了高级表达“be of＋抽象名词”结构，相当于“be＋该抽象名词的形容词形式”，强调了科学家“无知、怀疑和不确定”这一经历的重要性。 [提能训练]　(翻译句子/句型转换) ①门开了，孩子们冲了出去。 The door opened and out rushed the children. ②参加今天会议的有来自世界各地的科学家。 Present at the meeting today are the scientists coming from all over the world. ③English is very important to us students. →English to us students. ④Playing computer games doesn't benefit you. →Playing computer games to you.　　　　 is of great importance is of no benefit (三)赏修辞之功　 In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt. 赏析：此处使用了we must ...we must ...排比句，节奏感强，增强了语言气势，加强了表达效果。排比往往给人一气呵成之感，多用于说理或抒情。用排比说理，可以把论点阐述得更严密、更透彻；用排比抒情可以把情感抒发得淋漓尽致。 [提能训练]　(试用排比句翻译下面句子) This great nation will endure as it has endured， will revive and will prosper. 这个伟大的国家过去经得起考验，今后还将经得起考验，将复兴，将繁荣。 (四)赏逻辑之巧　 在本文的主体部分中，作者用The first way in which science is of value ...Another value of science is ...I would now like to turn to a third value将三、四、五段自然衔接起来，逻辑紧密地诠释了科学三个层面的价值。 课时检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A It's natural to think about what goes into producing the food in your daily lunch bag.But have you ever stopped to consider the production techniques behind the bag itself? At the center of it is a woman named Margaret Knight. From her earliest years, Knight was a restless creator.In the article titled “The Evolution of the Grocery Bag”， its writer mentions a few of her childhood projects.She was “famous for her kites”， and “her sleds were the envy of the town's boys”． To support her mother, she took a job at a cotton factory when she was 12.That same year she invented a shuttle system which helped to prevent injury.At the time, she had no concept of patenting her idea.What strengthened her place in history was her working experience at the Columbia Paper Bag Company.Here, instead of folding every paper bag by hand, Knight wondered if she might be able to make them cleanly and rapidly via an automated machine. The result was a working model of her elegant paper-folding machine.But this time she wanted to go to the extra step and secure a patent on her creation, a brave move for a woman in the 19th century, when an extremely small percentage of patents were held by women. Not only did Knight file for a patent, she bravely defended her ownership of the bag machine idea.A man named Charles Annan said the creation was his own, arguing no woman could be able to design such a machine.Knight fought a legal battle against him and handed Annan a courtroom (法庭) defeat by presenting her detailed hand-drawn blueprints.Finally, Knight received her rightful patent in 1871. After making the machine, she continued to invent many other things like a paper feeding machine and a skirt protector.Knight, at the age of seventy, worked twenty hours a day on 89th invention. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女发明家玛格丽特·奈特小时候爱好创造，后来发明折纸机器并在一番曲折后获得专利的故事。 1．Why does the writer mention Knight's childhood projects? A．To introduce a book to readers. B．To tell us young Knight liked sports. C．To show Knight was envied by other girls. D．To show Knight was creative as a child. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“From her earliest years, Knight was a restless creator.”可知，作者提到奈特的童年计划是为了向人们展示奈特小时候的创造力。 2．Which words can best describe Knight? A．Intelligent and generous. B．Courageous and hard-working. C．Considerate and optimistic. D．Independent and determined. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“a brave move for a woman in the 19th century, when an extremely small percentage of patents were held by women”和最后一段最后一句可知，奈特是勤劳勇敢的。 3．What do we know about the paper folding machine? A．It turned out to be slower but safer. B．It was co-invented by Knight and Annan. C．It proved Knight's position as an inventor. D．It was the first machine to be patented by a woman. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“What strengthened her place in history was ...a working model of her elegant paper-folding machine.”可知，这台折纸机证明了奈特作为发明家的地位。 4．How is the text mainly developed? A．By following the order of time. B．By making some comments. C．By making a comparison. D．By listing examples. √ 解析：写作手法题。通读全文可知，文章以时间为线索，讲述了奈特小时候爱好创造，后来发明折纸机器并在一番曲折后获得专利的故事。 B What are scientists? They are often described as gray-haired white-coated dull scholars. But the world has changed.Young scientists are making their voices heard and releasing their powers on the world stage. This is also true in China.Rising stars include new materials expert Gong Yongji, university professor Liu Mingzhen, and biologist Wang Ruixue.At the age of 28 in 2018, Wang Ruixue received the 2018 Science & SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists.This is a global prize to reward outstanding scientists at an early stage of their careers. She focuses mainly on biomedicine (生物医学) and artificial intelligence.“Both are cutting-edge (前沿的) technologies at an early stage of development，” she said. “So, I think they have great potential to be developed.I think in the study of cutting-edge technologies, China and other leading countries in the world are standing on the same starting line.And in the study of structural biology, China is likely to become the leader.” She felt it was her fate to become a biologist.“I grew interested in the natural world, when I was very young，” she said.In 2009, she entered Sun Yat-sen University. In her third year at the university, she realized that she wanted to do something related to biomedicine.So she emailed China's top biologist Shi Yigong, hoping to join his lab at Tsinghua University. Shi recognized her talent and welcomed her.Years of efforts at the lab have paid off.Her research on the high-definition 3D structure of spliceosome led to a scientific breakthrough. Unlike many of other young scientists who choose to pursue further study abroad, Wang currently has no plan to go overseas. “The whole ecosystem for scientific research is continually improving in China，” she said, adding the country has great science facilities. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。越来越多的年轻科学家投身科学研究，为社会做出了巨大的贡献。他们对中国的科学技术和科学研究充满自信。 5．What does the underlined word “releasing” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Giving out.　　　 B．Getting over. C．Finding out. D．Taking over. √ 解析：词义猜测题。由画线词所在句“making their voices heard and releasing their powers”可知，在世界舞台上，年轻的科学家正发出自己的声音，释放自己的能量。由此猜测出releasing有“发出，散发”之意。 6．What does Wang Ruixue feel about the study of cutting-edge technologies in China? A．Anxious. B．Confident. C．Disappointed. D．Satisfied. 解析：推理判断题。由第五段内容可知，对中国前沿技术的研究，王瑞雪充满信心。 √ 7．What can we learn about Wang Ruixue's journey of becoming a biologist? A．Her teacher led her into the field. B．She finds it's easier than she thought. C．Her contribution has been recognized. D．She thinks it's boring but worth trying. √ 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段内容可知，在成为生物学家的过程中，她的付出得到了认可。 8．Which can be the best title of the text? A．China's Breakthrough in Science B．Rising Young Scientists in China C．Wang Ruixue: A Successful Young Scientist D．New Image of Chinese Scientists √ 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是由第二、三段可知，在世界舞台上，年轻的科学家们正在发出他们的声音，释放他们的能量，中国也是如此。所以B项“中国正在崛起的年轻科学家”适合作文章标题。 C Isaac Newton's book, the Principia, transformed human understanding of the forces of nature, providing a mathematical basis for the movement of planets, moons, and comets (彗星), as well as objects on Earth. Recently, the known number of first editions of the book has more than doubled, including the first ones found in Asia, according to a new survey. Nearly 200 first editions of the Principia were newly identified in the survey, bringing the total known number to 386. The volumes cover 27 countries on five continents, including Africa and Australia. Before this new survey, the size of the Principia's first edition had been thought to be small — around 250 — based on a 1953 survey that put the number of copies at 189. That figure partly reflects a long-held idea that the book, formally titled Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, at 500 pages and written in Latin, was virtually incomprehensible outside of a small circle of expert mathematicians. Behind the pages of the Principia, in which Newton laid out his three laws of motion, is an interesting history that involves the astronomer Edmond Halley and other great figures. Most famous today for the comet that bears his name, Halley sought Newton's input on the shape of planetary orbits, a question that Halley and his colleagues had been puzzling over. Excited by Newton's answer — an ellipse (椭圆), and even more so by a paper he later sent to show his calculations, Halley pushed Newton to write the Principia, then funded its publication and was key to promoting it. Such a book of knowledge carries great value. “In a sense, the Principia combined all the work that was done for the previous hundred years，” says Mordechai Feingold, a science historian at the California Institute of Technology. “Newton put together the ideas that Kepler, Galileo, Descartes and other scientists had put forth so far as heavenly bodies are concerned and realized that Earth is a planet like any other planet and there's a mutual (相互的) attraction between all those heavenly bodies.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的调查发现，牛顿的《自然哲学的数学原理》一书首版发行量比人们以为的多很多。 9．What does the new survey show about first editions of the Principia? A．They failed to be seen in Africa. B．They were 586 in number in total. C．They were written in many languages. D．They reached more audience than thought. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Recently, the known number of first editions ...including Africa and Australia.”可知，这本书首版拥有的读者比人们以为的要多。 10．How was the Principia traditionally regarded? A．It was not easy to understand. B．It had fewer and fewer readers. C．It should be widely promoted. D．It was written for mathematicians. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“a long-held idea that the book ...was virtually incomprehensible outside of a small circle of expert mathematicians”可知，长期以来人们一直认为，这本书除了一小部分数学专家外，几乎没人能够看懂。 11．What interested Halley most according to paragraph 3? A．The comet named after him. B．Newton's answer to his question. C．Newton's calculating process. D．The promotion of the Principia. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Excited by Newton's answer ...and even more so by a paper he later sent to show his calculations”可知，牛顿的计算过程最使哈雷感兴趣。 12．Which of the following can best describe Newton's work according to Feingold? A．Arguable.　　　　　 B．Inclusive. C．Complex. D．Modern. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Feingold所说的“the Principia combined all the work that was done for the previous hundred years”和“Newton put together the ideas that Kepler, Galileo ...had put forth”可知， Feingold 认为牛顿的这本书对之前一百年的作品进行了汇总，整合了开普勒、伽利略、笛卡尔及其他科学家提出的观点。由此可知，这本书兼容并包。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 In today's world, technology is a part of daily life.In order to keep civilization hand in hand with technological advances, and to understand the connected future they will have, children in schools have to be taught technical skills.But how can teachers integrate (使……融入) technology into their classroom? Here are a couple of ways. Teach acceptance of connected learning.In the information age, it's only right to teach kids how to jump at connected learning. 13 For example, a tablet PC could be used in art class to draw pictures or even signs for the school. Use a video chat system to teleconference.The idea of pen pals can be strengthened by video chat systems. 14 In this situation, children will learn how to share experiences and build new relationships from a distance.Teleconferencing is a great way to teach children about teleconferencing etiquette (礼仪)． 15 Develop a class wiki or blog.In order to help get your students active in class lessons, you can use a blog or wiki to make them comment on lessons, topics and current events.Students should also be allowed to create new posts about news or their thoughts. 16 Create a podcast (播客) for your class.Technology is always about being seen. 17 It can also be used to be heard.With a classroom podcast, you can read passages from a textbook or a novel or schedule discussions on a certain topic that's in line with your curriculum.This will teach broadcasting skills, speaking skills and critical thinking skills. A．This is a great way to improve creative writing. B．You can also upload videos to a private channel. C．However, it's wrong to think it's only about being seen. D．This will show them how to solve complex math problems. E．This includes using technology as a tool or a way to learn new concepts. F．For example, you can teach children when it's alright to connect and how to act when on camera. G．These systems can also be used to connect with students from other classroom that are far away. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何把科技引进课堂。 13．选E　上文提到“在信息时代，教孩子们如何进行联网学习是唯一正确的做法”；下一句具体举例说明信息时代中科技的用途；故E项“这包括将技术作为学习新概念的工具或方式”符合语境，起到承上启下的作用。 14．选G　上文提到“可以使用视频聊天系统进行电话会议。视频聊天系统能强化笔友的概念”，G项“这些系统还可用于连接来自距离很远的其他教室的学生”可以承接上文，且该选项中的“These systems”与上文的“video chat systems”相呼应，选项中的“also”也提示了句意与上一句存在承接关系。 15．选F　上文提到“电话会议是教孩子们学习电话会议礼仪的好方法”，F项“例如，你可以教孩子什么时候可以连接以及在镜头前如何表现”承接上文，符合语境。 16．选A　上文提到“学生们应该也被允许创造关于新闻和他们想法的新帖子”，A项“这是提高创造性写作的好方法”能够承接上文，符合语境。 17．选C　上文提到“技术总是会被看见”，下文则提到“它也可能被听见”，故C项“然而，认为它仅仅能被看到是不对的”承上启下，符合语境。 $$