UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版2024）

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking 教材助读1 WHY DO WE CELEBRATE FESTIVALS? Festivals are celebrated all around the world. They have a wide range<1> of origins<2>，such as the seasons of the year, religions<3>， famous figures<4>， and important events. Every festival has its different customs and unique charms<5>. However, ①no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy<6>， gratitude<7>， love, or peace is common<8> in all festivals. ①此处no matter how引导让步状语从句。 Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest<9> festival can be found in almost every culture. This important agricultural<10> festival takes place<11> after all the crops<12> ②have been gathered<13> in. ③People celebrate to show that they are grateful<14> for the year's supply of food. In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival was celebrated during the springtime—the Egyptian harvest season. It featured<15> a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports.Today, in some European countries, people decorate<16> churches<17> and town halls with flowers and fruit, and get together<18> to celebrate over a meal. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather ④to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes. ②have been gathered是现在完成时的被动语态形式。 ③该句中不定式短语作目的状语，其中that引导宾语从句。句中含有固定结构be grateful for sth，意为“因某事而表示感激”。 ④此处为不定式短语作目的状语。 Customs play a significant<19> role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time<20>．With the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade<21> away and others may be established. One example is the typical<22> Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers<23> to drive away the evil<24> spirits and celebrate the new year.Nowadays, many big cities have given up this custom in order to avoid air pollution.⑤Another example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting festival for children, in spite of<25> its religious<26> origins. ⑤which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词Halloween。 Festivals are becoming more and more commercial<27>，⑥with businesses taking advantage of<28> the celebrations.Online shopping websites and social media<29> apps have ⑦made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. Although some believe festivals should not be commercialised<30>， others believe the increase in spending is good for<31> the economy and public happiness. ⑥此处为with复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。 ⑦此处it为形式宾语，不定式短语to spend…为真正的宾语。 Festivals are an important part of society. They reflect<32>people's wishes, beliefs<33> ，faiths<34> , and attitudes towards<35> life.⑧They are occasions<36>that allow us to relax and enjoy life，and forget about our work for a little while<37>.They help us understand ⑨where we came from, who we are, and what to appreciate. And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common<38> after all. ⑧句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词occasions, that在从句中作主语。 ⑨where we came from, who we are, and what to appreciate均为understand的宾语，其中where和who均引导宾语从句，而what to appreciate为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。 <1>range n．一系列；范围、界限 vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化 ※a range of一系列的，各种各样的 <2>origin n．起源；起因；出身 <3>religion n．宗教；宗教信仰 <4>figure n．人物；数字；身材 vt.认为；认定 <5>charm n．魅力；迷人的特征；咒语 <6>joy n．高兴；喜悦 <7>gratitude n．感激之情；感谢 <8>common adj.常见的，普遍的 <9>harvest n．收获季节；收获；收成vi.& vt.收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物、鱼) <10>agricultural adj.农业(劳动/生产) <11>take place举行 <12>crop n．庄稼；作物；一季的收成 <13>gather vi.聚集；集合vt.聚集；搜集；收割 <14>grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的 <15>feature vt.以……为特色 n．特色；特征；特点 <16>decorate vt.装饰；装潢 <17>church n．(基督教的)教堂；礼拜堂 <18>get together聚在一起 <19>significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的 <20>over time随着时间的推移 <21>fade vi.& vt.逐渐消失；(使)褪色；(身体)变得虚弱 ※fade away逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱 <22>typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的 <23>firecracker n．鞭炮；爆竹 <24>evil adj.邪恶的；有害的；罪恶的n.邪恶；罪恶；恶行 <25>in spite of不管；尽管 <26>religious adj.宗教的；笃信宗教的 <27>commercial adj.商业(化)的；以获利为目的的 <28>take advantage of利用；欺骗；占……的便宜 <29>medium n．(pl.media)媒介；手段；方法adj.中等的；中号的 ※social media社交媒体 <30>commercialise (NAmE also -ize) vt.使商业化；利用……牟利 <31>be good for 对……有好处 <32>reflect vt.显示；反映；反射 <33>belief n．信仰；信心；信任 <34>faith n．宗教信仰；信任；相信 <35>attitudes towards/to对……的态度 <36>occasion n．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会 <37>for a little while一会儿 <38>have sth in common(兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征 为什么我们要庆祝节日？ 世界各地都在庆祝节日。它们有着广泛的起源，如一年中的季节、宗教、著名人物和重要事件。每个节日都有不同的习俗和独特的魅力。然而，无论它们看起来多么不同，在世界各地，分享欢乐、感恩、爱心或和平的精神在所有节日中都是共同的。 在所有的传统节日中，几乎每一种文化都有丰收节。这个重要的农业节日是在所有庄稼都收割完毕后举行的。人们通过庆祝来表达他们对一年粮食自给自足的感激之情。在古埃及，丰收节是在春天庆祝的——那是埃及收获的季节。它以游行和伴有音乐、舞蹈和运动的盛大宴会为特色。如今，在一些欧洲国家，人们用鲜花和水果装饰教堂和市政厅，并聚餐庆祝。在中国的中秋节，家人聚在一起欣赏明月，品尝美味的月饼。 习俗在节日中起着重要的作用，但有时它们会随着时间的推移而改变。随着现代社会的发展和新思想的传播，一些传统可能会消失，另一些可能会建立起来。其中一个例子是具有代表性的燃放鞭炮以驱赶邪灵、庆祝新年的中国春节习俗。如今，为了避免空气污染，许多大城市已经摒弃了这一习俗。另一个例子是万圣节前夕，尽管它有宗教渊源，但它慢慢地成了让孩子们兴奋的节日。 节日变得越来越商业化，因为商家利用了庆祝活动。网络购物网站和社交媒体应用程序让公众更容易在为亲人购买礼物方面花费更多的钱。尽管一些人认为节日不应该商业化，但也有人认为，消费的增加有利于经济发展和公众幸福。 节日是社会的重要组成部分。它们反映了人们的愿望、信念、宗教信仰和对生活的态度。这些场合让我们放松和享受生活，暂时忘记工作。它们有助于我们理解我们来自何方，我们是谁，以及欣赏什么。如果你仔细研究节日，你可能会惊讶地发现不同的文化其实有很多共同点。 Ⅰ.明主旨大意 The text is probably about the reasons why festivals are celebrated all around the world. Ⅱ.绘层次结构 Read the text (P4～5), then choose the best answer. 1．What do all the festivals have in common? A．They all originated from religions. B．They are all connected with famous figures. C．They all show the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace. D．They all have similar customs. 答案　C 2．What's the function of the examples in Paragraph 2? A．To show the harvest festival is the most important in Egypt and China. B．To show it is celebrated in almost all cultures. C．To show the ways people celebrate it have changed. D．To show all the people are grateful for the supply of crops. 答案　B 3．Why have Chinese people in many big cities stopped lighting firecrackers? A．To protect the environment. B．To save money. C．To avoid injuries. D．To get rid of old customs. 答案　A 4．What is the author's attitude towards the fact that festivals are becoming more and more commercial? A．Supportive.　　　　　 B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Negative. 答案　B Ⅰ.解决长难句 1．Another example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting festival for children, in spite of its religious origins. 本句是复合句。“Another example is Halloween”为 主句 ；“which slowly became an exciting festival for children”为 非限制性定语 从句，修饰先行词Halloween；“in spite of its religious origins”为介词短语作 状语 。 [翻译]　 另一个例子是万圣节，尽管它有宗教渊源，但慢慢地它就成了让孩子们兴奋的一个节日。 2．Although some believe festivals should not be commercialised, others believe the increase in spending is good for the economy and public happiness. 本句是复合句。“Although some…commercialised”为although引导的 让步状语 从句；“the increase in spending…public happiness”为 宾语 从句。 [翻译]　 尽管一些人认为节日不应该被商业化，但是也有人认为消费增长有利于(提高)经济和公众幸福感。 3．They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. 本句是复合句。“that allow us…for a little while”为 定语 从句，修饰先行词 occasions；that在从句中作 主语 且不可省略；“to relax and enjoy life, and forget…while”是动词不定式短语作 宾补 。 [翻译]　 它们是让我们放松、享受生活、暂时忘记工作的时刻。 Ⅱ.课文语法填空 Festivals have a variety 1. of origins, including the seasons of the year, famous figures, important events and religions. However, no matter 2. how different they may seem，they have the common spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace. The harvest festival is one of the most popular festivals and 3. is celebrated (celebrate) in many cultures.People celebrate 4. it to show that they are grateful for the year's supply of food.In some 5. European (Europe) countries, people decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit. While during the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families get together to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes. Customs play a significant role in festivals, but they can change over time. Take the Chinese Spring Festival as 6. an example. Many Chinese big cities no longer allow firecrackers 7. to avoid (avoid) air pollution. These days, festivals are becoming more and more commercial with businesses 8. taking (take) advantage of the celebrations.Festivals reflect people's wishes, beliefs, faiths and 9. attitudes (attitude) towards life. They are occasions 10. that/which allow people to spend time with families and relax and enjoy life. 1 (教材P4)They have a wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. 节日的起源很广泛，比如一年中的季节、宗教、名人和重要事件。 range　n．一系列；范围，界限 vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化 ①a (full/wide) range of一系列……；各种各样的…… beyond one's range/out of range某人能力达不到的，在……范围外 in/within the range of在……可及的范围内 ②range from…to…包括从……到……之间 range between…and…在……和……范围内变动 (2024·1月浙江)Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ones may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. 谁能料到或许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供特别优惠。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)He has a great number of interests, ranging (range) from playing chess to swimming. (2)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. (3)The prices of the shoes in this shopping mall range between $25 and $100. (4)He puts the picture within/in the baby's range of vision, which makes the baby laugh. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (5)如果你参加我们的夏令营，你将会有多种选择来开阔你的视野。 If you take part in our summer camp, you'll have a wide range of choices to broaden your horizons. figure　n．人物；数字；身材；体形；画像 v．认为；认定；计算；想出；理解 ①keep one's figure保持体形 have a good figure身材好 ②figure out计算出；解决；弄明白 [语义感知]——写出下列句中figure的含义 (6)Today's figures show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools. 数据 (7)(2024·全国甲)That's why this issue (期) of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing. 解决；弄明白 (8)She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. 身材；体形 (9)(2023·全国甲)Confucius is a well-known figure in Chinese history. 人物 (10)(2024·1月浙江)When Coach Pitt blew his whistle (哨子), Eva figured she would be left in the dust. 认为 [习作练笔]——词汇升级 (11)To help them better understand our tea-drinking culture, we took them to the tea room in our school. (升级加黑词汇) figure out 2 (教材P4)However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals.然而，无论它们看起来多么不同，在世界各地，分享快乐、感恩、爱或和平的精神在所有节日中都是相同的。 句型：no matter how引导让步状语从句 ①no matter how意为“不管；无论如何”，引导让步状语从句，相当于however。 ②“no matter＋特殊疑问词(如who/what/where/when等)”均可引导让步状语从句，可与特殊疑问词-ever互换。 However/No matter how hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 不管你怎么努力，不减少食量是很难减肥的。 [习作练笔]——补全句子/句型转换 (1)(2023·1月浙江)But whenever/no matter when you travel (无论你什么时候去旅行), it's a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ)Whatever it is, 　however/no matter how small it might seem　(不管它看起来有多小), write it down. (3)However different we may appear to be at first, we are all the same, all equal. → However/No matter how different we may appear to be at first, we are all the same, all equal. 3 (教材P4)This important agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in.这个重要的农业节日是在收割完所有的庄稼后举行的。 gather　vi.聚集；集合　vt.聚集；搜集；收割 ①gather in　收割，收获 gather round/around 聚集在；集合 gather together 聚集在一起 gather one's courage 鼓起勇气 ②gathering n．[C]聚集；集会 [U]收集；采集 (2024·新课标Ⅱ)Families gather for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can come up with. 所有的家人都会在周末、生日或者借着他们能想出的任何其他理由聚在一起吃大餐。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1) Gathering (gather) round the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. (2)When all the crops are safely gathered in , the farmers can have a rest. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)据我所知，我们将于本周五晚上8点在学生俱乐部集合。 As far as I know, we will gather at the students' club at 8 p.m.this Friday . 4 (教材P4)People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year's supply of food.人们通过庆祝来表达对这一年粮食供给的感激之情。 grateful　adj.感激的；表示感谢的 ①be grateful (to sb) for sth 因某事而感激(某人) be grateful＋that从句感激……；感谢…… I would be grateful if… 如果……我将不胜感激。 ②gratitude n.感激之情；感谢 express one's gratitude/thanks to sb for sth 因某事向某人表达感激之情 I was very grateful to you for your timely help when I'm in trouble. 我非常感谢你在我遇到困难时的及时帮助。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)I'm writing to express my sincere gratitude (grateful) to you for your encouragement. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (2)如果你给我一些如何学好英语的建议，我将感激不尽。 ① I would be very grateful if you could give me some tips on how to learn English well.(grateful) ② I'd appreciate it if you could give me some tips on how to learn English well.(appreciate) 5 (教材P4)Today, in some European countries, people decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and get together to celebrate over a meal.如今在一些欧洲国家，人们用鲜花和水果装饰教堂和市政厅，并聚餐庆祝。 decorate　vt.装饰；装潢 ①decorate…with用……装饰…… be decorated with用……装饰 ②decoration n.装饰；装饰品(常用复数) We decorated the dragon boat with pictures of all kinds of animals. 我们用各种动物的图片装饰龙舟。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)All the streets are decorated (decorate) with colourful flags to celebrate the National Day. (2)(2023·1月浙江改编)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and simpler in design and decoration (decorate), and the hutongs were narrower. 6 (教材P4)One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year.其中燃放鞭炮来驱赶邪灵、庆祝新年是中国春节的一个代表性习俗。 typical　adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的 ①be typical of具有……的典型特征；是典型的…… It is typical of sb to do sth.某人一向做某事。 ②typically adv.典型地；有代表性地；一向如此 The woman she acted in the film is typical of the woman in the 1930s. 她在电影中扮演的妇女是20世纪30年代女性的典型代表。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Hutongs with different shapes, lengths and directions are very typical of Beijing. (2)You know, prices of books at the book fair are typically (typical) very low. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)中国人经常准时或者比约定的时间早一点到达。 It is typical of Chinese people to arrive on time or some time earlier than the appointed time. 7 (教材P4)Another example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting festival for children, in spite of its religious origins. 另一个例子是万圣节，尽管它有宗教渊源，但慢慢地它就成了让孩子们兴奋的一个节日。 in spite of　不管；尽管 ①in spite of为介词短语，与despite同义，后跟名词、代词或动名词。 ②in spite of/despite the fact that…尽管…… ③although, though, as为连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。 In spite of his old age, he still leads a busy life. 尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。 [习作练笔]——句型转换 Although I am interested in space exploration, my parents don't support my hobby. → In spite of/Despite my interest in space exploration , my parents don't support my hobby. → In spite of/Despite the fact that I am interested in space exploration , my parents don't support my hobby. 8 (教材P5)Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations.由于商家利用庆祝活动(进行营销)，节日变得越来越商业化。 take advantage of　利用；欺骗；占……的便宜 ①advantage n.有利条件；优点 advantages and disadvantages利弊 have an advantage over胜过，优于 ②make use of利用 make the most of充分利用 With the final exam approaching/As the final examination is approaching, we must take full advantage of every minute to go over our lessons. 随着期末考试来临，我们必须充分利用每一分钟来复习功课。 [习作练笔]——补全句子/词汇升级 (1)说英语流利的人比其他人有优势。 A man who can speak English fluently has an advantage over others. (2)I would like to make use of this chance to express my for your help.(升级加黑词汇) take advantage of 9 (教材P5)Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.在线购物网站和社交媒体应用程序让公众(在节日时)更容易花更多的钱给自己爱的人购买礼物。 句型：make it＋adj./n.＋for sb to do sth 句型make it＋adj./n.＋for sb to do sth，其中it作形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。 ①make＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句 ②常用于这种句型的动词还有consider, think, find, feel等。 Do you think it necessary to say a few words at the meeting? 你认为有必要在会上讲几句话吗？ [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)I think it my duty to help (help) my parents to do the housework. (2)The newly-built stadium is large enough, which makes it possible for us to take part in various activities. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)我觉得每天读英文报Youth对我很有益处。 I felt it very beneficial for me to read the English newspaper, Youth, every day. 10 (教材P5)They reflect people's wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life.它们反映了人们的愿望、信仰、信念和对生活的态度。 reflect　vt.显示；反映；反射 ①reflect on/upon sth　思考某事 reflect from 从……反射 ②reflection n．反射；反照；反映；映像；认真思考 be lost in reflection 陷入深思中 When the sun's rays hit the earth, a lot of heat is reflected back into space.太阳光照射到地球时，大量的热量被反射回太空。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)The full moon reflected (reflect) on the surface of the river reminds me of my families far away. (2)You should set aside some time to reflect on/upon your successes and failures. (3)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection (reflect) of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (4)反思这四个月的学习，重要的是学习方法的改变。 When we reflect on/upon our study in these four months, what matters is the change of the learning method. belief　n．信仰；信心；信任；信念；坚定的看法 ①hold the firm belief that…　坚信…… have belief in 相信…… beyond belief 难以置信；不可思议 ②disbelief n．怀疑；不信 in disbelief 难以置信 ③believe v．相信；信任 believe in 信任；信赖；相信(某人会成功) believe it or not 信不信由你 (2024·新课标Ⅱ)He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. 他难以置信地看着我，问我该怎么办。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (5)I believe what you said, but I don't believe in you. (6)It was beyond belief (believe) that the little boy could such a problem. [习作练笔]——词汇升级 (7)I firmly believe that he is a kind and warm-hearted man.(升级加黑词汇) hold the firm belief that 11 (教材P5)They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. 它们是让我们放松、享受生活、暂时忘记工作的时刻。 occasion　n．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会；时刻；场合 ①on occasion(s)　偶尔；有时 on one occasion 有一次 ②occasional adj.偶尔的，临时的 occasionally adv.偶尔 On occasion they had a heated argument between them. 有时，他们之间会发生激烈的争吵。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Have you ever met with the occasion where you are mistaken? (2)I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel because of ill health. (3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ改编)If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally (occasional) laugh at his unusual methods. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (4)这是一个家人团聚并好好休息的时刻。 It is an occasion when family members together and have a good rest. [提示] occasion作先行词，其后跟定语从句时，如果引导词在定语从句中作状语且表示时刻，则应用关系副词when；若表示场合，应用关系副词where。 12 (教材P5)And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.如果你仔细研究节日，你可能会惊讶地发现不同的文化其实有很多共同点。 have sth in common　(兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征 have nothing/a lot in common (with…) (与……)无/有许多共同之处 in common共同，共有，共用 in common with和……一样 To my surprise, although they are brothers, they have nothing in common. 令我惊讶的是，虽然他们是兄弟，但他们没有共同之处。 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (1)他们发现他们有很多共同之处，且彼此相处得很好。 They found that they had a lot in common and got on well with each other. (2)和许多年轻人一样，他更喜欢流行音乐，而不太喜欢古典音乐。 In common with many young people, he prefers pop music to classical music. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$