课时作业2（Word练习）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2024）

课时作业(二) (限时：30分钟) 层级一　语用巩固 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．His theories(theory) are somewhat remote from reality. 2．Personally(personal) speaking, I think the show is going to be a success. 3．Firefighters spent two hours releasing(release) the driver from the car. 4．A letter and a parcel of books that arrived from Australia have been redirected to you. 5．Amy's room is always untidy, with her clothes and magazines lying randomly(random) around. 6．While I really don't like art, I find his work impressive and it left a deep impression on me.(impress) Ⅱ.选词填空 be based on, refer to, communicate with, in the middle of, no more than, a chain of, think about, be known as, be connected to, at random 1．This case has set in motion a chain of events. 2．The company employs no more than a couple of dozen people. 3．Edison's ideas were based on scientific experiments. 4．The Great Wall is known as the eighth wonder of the world. 5．It is better to read a few books carefully than to read many at random. 6．When we were in the middle of the lake, a strong wind came all of a sudden. 7．It is not surprising that poetry is closely connected to music. 8．If you want to know his phone number, you can refer to the telephone directory. 9．When we think about our future career, we should keep in mind that all of the jobs together help society function. 10．I have a good command of English, so I can communicate with foreigners in English freely. Ⅲ.单句写作 1．由于我的左脚严重受伤，我不能按计划和你一起去。(with复合结构) With my left foot seriously injured, I can't go with you as planned. 2．我昨天是在火车站遇见吉姆的。(强调句型) It was at the railway station that I met Jim yesterday. 3．他曾经就读的学校很有名。(介词＋关系代词) The school in which he once studied is very famous. 4．当问到他为什么迟到时，他没有说话。(状语从句的省略) When asked why he was late, he kept silent. 层级二　素养提升 Ⅳ.阅读 Work starts early on White Gate Farm in East Lyme, Connecticut.By 7 a．m., farm manager Dan Wood was at the East Lyme Post Office dropping off a box of fresh produce that later in the day would be delivered by mail to Chelsea Gubbins, who lives across town. White Gate Farm is a member of Farmers Post, a pilot programme that enables smallholder farms across eastern Connecticut to ship fresh produce and other farm products to local households through the United States Postal Service (USPS)．Farmers Post takes advantage of a USPS programme called Connect Local that allows small businesses to offer same-day and next-day delivery at a fixed low cost. Food remains in the fields because either market prices are too low or the cost of the workforce is too high, or because the size and shape of the produce make it unattractive to stores.Each year, around 10 million tons of crops never get harvested, causing about 16% of total US food loss and waste. “Food that is wasted has a much larger influence than just the loss of the food itself，” says Julia Kurnik, senior director of Innovation Start-ups at WWF. “Everything that went into growing it goes out the window as well—the water, the land, and the energy.And as the food breaks down, it produces greenhouse gases.The bad effects amplify greatly.” Besides reducing food waste, selling farm products directly to local customers cuts down on the cross-country shipping of food grown in California or elsewhere.This reduces the so-called food miles that researchers believe cause about 6% of the world's greenhouse gases.Fruits and vegetables, which are often transported out of season and require refrigeration, produce lots of greenhouse gases between farms and people's plates. Wood understands that Farmers Post can help to end that waste. “Farming is kind of like cooking for a big group，” he says. “This is helping us get right on the money, using almost 100% of what we grow and harvest.” 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/环境保护。本文为专题报道，介绍了美国康涅狄格州邮政局的Connect Local项目。这个项目不仅帮助农场直接销售农产品减少了食品浪费，还减少了其他地方运输水果和蔬菜带来的温室气体排放。 1．Why was Farmers Post started? A．To provide professional modern farming methods. B．To create more delivery jobs for local people. C．To pick up and carry customers to different farms. D．To make the delivery of produce easier and cheaper. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，该项目使农产品的运输更容易和更便宜，故选D项。 2．What may cause some US crops to remain unharvested according to the text? A．The limited need for farm products. B．The shortage of workers and harvesting tool. C．Their low value and poor quality. D．Bad weather and road conditions. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，农产品的价格低、质量差导致美国的很多作物依旧没有收获而留在地里，故选C项。 3．What does the underlined word “amplify” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Increase. B．Slow. C．Switch. D．Weaken. 答案　A 解析　词句猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，浪费食物就意味着种植食物时消耗的水、土地和能源是被浪费的，同时分解食物又产生了温室气体，因此糟糕的影响在不断增加，所以画线词与“增加”意义相近，故选A项。 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Food Safety Movement Has Met Some Challenges B．A Farm-to-Table Programme Helps Reduce Food Waste C．Farmers Post Explores Ways to Make High-Quality Products D．Small Farms Play a Leading Role in Serving Communities 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。本文介绍了美国康涅狄格州邮政局的Connect Local项目不仅帮助农场直接销售农产品减少了食品浪费，还减少了其他地方运输水果和蔬菜带来的温室气体排放，故选B项(一个从农场到餐桌的项目有助于减少食物浪费)。 Ⅴ.阅读七选五 Thousands of years ago, people started building boats to help them explore the watery parts of the world.Boats let people find new hunting grounds and discover new lands.　1　 The earliest boats were probably logs that people sat on as they floated downstream.Later, people made these logs more useful and comfortable by burning and scraping away the insides to make dugout boats and canoes. 　2　 They tied logs together to make rafts.They wove reeds and branches to make tidy little boats that are still used in many parts of the world today.They sewed animal skins together and filled them with air—like a float you might use in a swimming pool.They used paddles, poles, and oars to help steer, or to move upstream. Boats like the Greek trireme(三层划桨战船) were big and heavy and hard to steer.　3　 Soon people figured out how to use sails to catch the wind.Early sailboats might only have one or two sails.But more sails meant more power, and fast tall ships could have dozens.People still use sailboats today, for cruising and racing. When steam engines were invented, boating became easier than ever.　4　 As engines got bigger and better, so did boats. Over the years, boats have been used for fishing, for fighting, for carrying goods, for fun—even for living on.　5　 A．The world is a watery place. B．It took hundreds of rowers to move a boat like that. C．Boats have turned the world's waterways into highways. D．People experimented with different kinds of floating boats. E．Until people learned to build boats, all this water was a barrier. F．They carry people and goods farther than they've ever gone before. G．Ships with steam engines could sail long distances, even if there was no wind. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/社会、历史与文化。本文为说明文，主要讲述了船的产生及其发展过程。 1．答案　F 解析　递进关系。根据空前一句可知，船载着人们到了新地方。F项(它们把人和货物运送到比以前更远的地方)符合语境，故选F项。 2．答案　D 解析　总分关系。根据下文可知，下文主要列举了人们用许多材料进行造船试验，故选D项(人们试验了不同种类的浮舟)。 3．答案　B 解析　顺承关系。根据空前一句可知，上文提到三层划桨战船又大又重，难以驾驶，所以本句承接上文说明结果：划那样一艘船需要几百名桨手，故选B项(划那样一艘船需要几百名桨手)。 4．答案　G 解析　顺承关系。根据上下文可知，本段主要说明蒸汽机的发明对船的影响，G项中steam engines对应上文中steam engines，故选G项。 5．答案　C 解析　总结关系。根据上文可知，本句是对全文的总结，故选C项(船已经把世界上的水道变成了高速公路)。 Ⅵ.完形填空 A meadow in bloom (鲜花盛开的草甸) cannot be more appealing for British.The swinging wild flowers at their peak show essence(精髓) of the season and are perfect for recording with your video camera.But that is a thing of the past. Motorways, new towns, factories—Britain has　1　 much damage to its natural scenery, and every year more land of the countryside is　2　 to tall buildings.While no wildlife habitat has escaped the　3　 of the developer's bulldozer(推土机), none has　4　 a greater impact than the meadow.Around 95% of Britain's meadows have　5　 in the past 70 years. The blooming meadow was a much-loved　6　 of the English countryside poetry for generations, as　7　 to the summer as white snow to the winter.Nowadays, scenes of a farmer's field full of colorful wild flowers are more　8　 to be seen on greeting cards than on country roads in July. Although expansion of cities has　9　 England's green land, the primary cause for the loss was the post-war trend of frequent 　10　 practice.These wildflower-rich habitats began to decrease during wartime when traditionally managed grassland was　11　 to serve as farmland.The sowing of highly productive crops, such as potatoes，　12　 the practice after the war.More of the grassland was, therefore, gone forever. In terms of biodiversity, the　13　 of the habitat cannot be overstated: a common old meadow can support around 150 different plant species.Many of them are　14　, since they flower for just a few days in midsummer.An uncut meadow is also a　15　 for many of Britain's threatened birds to keep away from enemies. 1．A．restored B．witnessed C．inspected D．described 2．A.compared B．connected C．left D．lost 3．A.spread B．progress C．pollution D．invention 4．A.had B．resisted C．suffered D．tolerated 5．A.survived B．disappeared C．recovered D．improved 6．A.image B．style C．title D．idea 7．A.conventional B．symbolic C．special D．evident 8．A.impossible B．precious C．popular D．likely 9．A.put into B．set down C．eaten into D．laid down 10．A.commercial B．industrial C．agricultural D．environmental 11．A.restored B．transformed C．allowed D．designed 12．A.reformed B．simplified C．modernized D．deepened 13．A.convenience B．balance C．significance D．difference 14．A.rare B．sensitive C．regular D．fresh 15．A.concern B．necessity C．shelter D．source 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/自然生态。本文为说明文。英国草地大片地消失，本文分析了草地逐年消失的原因，以及草地存在的重要性。 1．答案　B 解析　高速公路、新城镇、工厂——英国见证(witness)了自然风光受到了很大的破坏。 2．答案　D 解析　根据上文much damage to its natural scenery可推知，每年更多乡村的土地迷失在高楼大厦里。be lost to迷失。 3．答案　A 解析　农村的土地被高楼大厦占据，由此可知，野生动物的栖息地也没有逃脱推土机的开发范围(spread)。 4．答案　C 解析　根据第一段可知，草甸遭受着(suffer)更大的影响。 5．答案　B 解析　上文提到草甸遭到巨大破坏，故此处指在过去的70年里英国消失了(disappear)大约百分之九十五的草甸。survive幸存；recover恢复；improve提高。 6．答案　A 解析　根据下文可知，祖祖辈辈以来，盛开的草甸是深受英国乡村诗人喜爱的景象(image)，象征着(symbolic)夏天，就像白雪象征着冬天 。 7．答案　B 解析　参见上题解析。conventional传统的；special专门的；evident明显的。 8．答案　D 解析　根据上下文描述的草甸的消失可推知，此处表示充满五颜六色野花的农田场景更有可能(likely)出现在贺卡上，而不是在七月的乡村道路上。 9．答案　C 解析　根据下文the primary cause for the loss可知，城市扩张对英国绿地造成了不良影响。句意：虽然城市的扩张对英国的绿地造成了不良的影响，但造成损失的主要原因是战后农业(agricultural)实践活动频繁的趋势。put into投入；set down记下；eat into对……产生不良影响；消耗；lay down制定；规定。 10．答案　C 解析　根据下文grassland was…farmland可知，此处说的是战后频繁的实践活动。commercial商业的；贸易的；industrial工业的；environmental环境的。 11．答案　B 解析　根据上文可知，战时，当传统管理的草地转变为(transform)农田时，这些富含野花的栖息地开始减少。 12．答案　D 解析　根据上文the post-war trend…practice可知，高产作物的播种，加深了(deepen)战后的实践。reform改革；simplify简化；modernized使现代化。 13．答案　C 解析　根据常识和下文可知，就生物多样性而言，栖息地的重要性(significance)无论如何强调都不为过。convenience方便；balance平衡；difference不同。 14．答案　A 解析　根据下文可知，因为它们的花期较短，所以是罕见的(rare)。sensitive敏感的；regular有规律的；fresh新鲜的。 15．答案　C 解析　根据下文可知，未修剪的草地也是英国许多受威胁的鸟类远离敌人的避难所(shelter)。concern关心，关注；necessity必需品；source资源。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$