动词的时态-2025届高三上学期英语二轮复习专项

动词时态 目录 一.了解时态 二.考情分析 三.知识构建 四.各时态具体用法讲练 五.易混时态辨析 六.综合训练 一.了解时态 二.考情分析 时态的概念： 英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。 在英语中，根据动作发生的时间和动作的种类，动词又分为十六种时态。高中一般掌握下列时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时）。 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对谓语动词的考查是结合时态、语态和主谓一致综合进行的考查，注重在复杂语境中考查句子的时态，且长句有增加的趋势。 复习目标：系统复习并掌握时态的基本知识熟练运用各种时态尤其是一般现在时、一般过去式和现在完成时。掌握几种易混时态的区别。强化在复杂语境中辨别时态的能力。 高频考点:一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时； 中频考点：过去进行时。 解题策略 “标志性状语” 在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by＋时间， so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语，做题时可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。 “并列谓语” 当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们之间可能是同时发生，也可能有一定的先后关系，我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词的时态要一致。 “语境暗示” 有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过“语境暗示”，正确分析语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。 “时态定义” 准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。 “固定句式” 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法。 三.知识构建 9 一、时态的分类和构成 现在时 一般现在时 do/ does 现在完成时 have/has done 现在进行时 am/ is/ are doing 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 过去时 一般过去时 did 过去完成时 had done 过去进行时 was/were doing 过去完成进行时 had been doing 将来时 一般将来时 will/ shall do 将来完成时 will have done 将来进行时 will be doing 将来完成进行时 will have been doing 过去将来 一般过去将来时 should/ would do     10 二、各时态基本用法汇总 时态 动词结构 常见时间状语 一般现在 do(does) often,usually, always, sometimes, never, on Sundays, every week, now表现在的状态时 一般过去 did last week, 3 days ago, in the past(在过去), this morning, yesterday, the other day(前几天), just now, then, at that time(那时), today, after+时间，for+时间表过去 一般将来 will+do tomorrow, next week, in the future, from now on, in 3 days(在3天后)，this year, in the coming days, forever 过去将来 would+do 常用在表示过去的宾从后，表示在过去设想将来发生的事情 11 二、各时态基本用法汇总 时态 动词结构 常见时间状语 现在进行 am/is/are+doing now, right now, at the moment, at present(目前，现在)， these days(偶尔用现在进行时)；look, listen... 过去进行 was/were+doing then, at 7：00 am yesterday, from 7 to 9 yesterday, when+一般过去时从句/ while+过去进行时从句, at this/that time yesterday… 将来进行 will +be doing at 7：00 am tomorrow, from 7 to 9 tomorrow, at this time tomorrow … 12 二、各时态基本用法汇总 时态 动词结构 常见时间状语 现在完成 have done ①recently, these days, during/ over/ in the past/ last few days, already, so far, by now, until now, up to now, from then on, the first time, throughout the years, yet+非持续性动词（表已完成）；②for+时间段；since+过去的时间状从，主句用have+持续性动词（表从过去某个时候持续到现在） 过去完成 had done 表示“过去的过去”的动作：before+过去时，by+过去时，when+过去的状从… 将来完成 will+ have done 表示在将来某个时间点动作已经完成:by then (到那时)…, by+将来的时间 现在完成进行 have been doing 与现在完成时类似，但表达更为强烈的情感，强调在动作完成的过程中该动作一直在进行，没有间断 13 四.各时态具体用法讲练 一般现在时 01 一般现在时具体用法 1.表示经常性的动作，常与usually，always，often，sometimes，never，every day等表示频度的时间状语连用。 On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work. 2.表示客观真理、格言或者警句等。 As we all know, the earth travels around the sun. 3.表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, live, fly等，常用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。 My dream school starts at 8：30 am and ends at 3：30 pm. 4.在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting. 5.以here/there开头引导的倒装句，表示正在发生的动作/状态 There goes the bell. 6.用于文章标题、图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。 The film explores the daily lives of ordinary people in a small town. 1.谓语动词的形式：do/does 2.如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如下: 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加-s eat→eats; rise→rises 以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o、-z结尾的 加-es discuss→discusses;teach→teaches 以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词 变-y为-ies carry→carries; fly→flies 易错提醒：元音字母加-y结尾的动词的第三人称单数，直接在词尾加-s。 如enjoy-enjoys， play-plays 练习 1.International Chinese Language Day (fall) on April 20, and this year a series of celebrations, themed Together for the Future, were held by three different organizations at home and abroad successfully. 1.The park ________ (stretch) across the provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang. 2. It ___________(include) acupuncture (针灸), Chinese herbal medicine, tai chi, qigong, tuina, guasha, cupping and so on. 3. Working with a billion-dollar budget, he combined them to create a work of architecture that can excite visitors as much as the art collection inside _______ (do). stretches includes does falls 一般过去时 02 1. 表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作时间状语。 ①The other day I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai. ②He came to work here two weeks ago. 2. 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 ① When I was a child, I often played football in the street. ②Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3.用于固定句型中：It is time you did sth.；would/had rather sb. did sth. ①It is time you went to bed. ②I’d rather you came tomorrow. 注意：有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。 一般过去时具体用法 谓语动词的形式：did 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加-ed play→ played;discuss→discussed 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为-ied carry→carried; try→tried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重度闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加-ed plan→ planned; refer→ referred 以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加-d provide→ provided; like→liked 练习 1. Volunteer travel dates back to the 1960s, when Alec Dickson and his wife Mora from the UK__________ (found) Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO), an international volunteer organization. 2. He loved going to his grandmother’s home in the countryside, where the fields _________ (be) bursting with vegetables and reeds (芦苇). 3. Guessing lantern riddles is an activity that dates back at least as far as the Southern Song Dynasty, scholars wrote riddles on small slips of paper and ______  (hang) them from lanterns for festival attendees to guess. founded were hung when 一般将来时 03 1.一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，即单纯的将来事实。shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 ①Which paragraph shall I read first? ②He will graduate from Beijing University next year. 2. be going to do sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? 3.be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事，或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。 We are to obey these rules when we go into the library. 4. be about to do sth.表示即将要发生某事。 The train is about to leave. 注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 一般将来时具体用法 一般将来时的特殊表达 ①. 一般现在时表将来：动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. The train stars in ten minutes. ②在时间或条件句中，“主将从现”。 When Bill comes, ask him to wait for me. ③现在进行时表将来：少数动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等 I’m leaving tomorrow. I’m coming. 谓语动词的形式： 1. will/shall＋动词原形 2. be going to＋动词原形 3. be to＋动词原形 4. be about to do sth. 练习 1. Only when we learn to live in harmony with nature _________we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 2. “Efforts _____________ (make) to promote high-level protection and facilitate the promulgation (颁布) of the National Park Law,” Guan said, adding that China will also increase the application of new technologies, build a world-class scientific research monitoring platform, and strengthen national park management capabilities. 3.I guess most parents ____________ (support) the new plan at the meeting tomorrow. 4.The plan they paid much attention to _______________ (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting. can/will will be made will support will be discussed 过去将来时 04 1.从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情，多用于主从复合句（宾语从句）中。 ①He said he would be here at eight o'clock. ② I thought it was going to rain. 2.过去本打算做而未做的事情。 I was going to go to the party, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. 3.was/were about to do 一般不接时间状语，但可以用于固定句式was/were about to do +when...表示 “正要做某事，突然......”。 I was about to leave when a friend dropped in. 过去将来时具体用法 谓语动词的形式： would/should+动词原形 was/ were going to + 动词原形 was/were about to+动词原形 was/were to+动词原形 综合练习1 05 1. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse _______(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 2. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. 3. My heart went out to him, and I ________ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 4. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ___________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 5. Deep in a rainforest in Hainan province, Zhang Chenliang picks up a daddy longlegs (长腿蜘蛛) and __________ (present) it to the camera, explaining its features and living habits for the benefit of viewers on a short video platform. 综合练习 walks were jogged featured presents 6. He loved going to his grandmother’s home in the countryside, where the fields _________ (be) bursting with vegetables and reeds (芦苇). 7. The choice of “Turret of Palace Museum”(故宫角楼) as the theme for the mini building block project __________ (base) on several factors. 8. At first, Minguez____________(perform) house calls, but demand increased to the point where he decided to open a practice in his living room. But this, too, soon proved insufficient to care for all the people coming in and so he went on to set up a clinic. were was based performed 10. Dingling Tomb, the joint tomb of Zhu Yijun and his two empresses, _____(be) the first imperial tomb in China to be excavated (发掘) according to the archaeological plan. The architecture of the underground palace of Dingling Tomb is deep and unique. 11. It is called the “Thirteen Ming Tombs” and___________ (list) as a World Heritage Site in 2003. 12. Besides their obvious monetary value, they all carry their own cultural value as well. For example, on the back of the 5-yuan banknote _______(be) Taishan Mountain in Shandong. 13.Breaking deeply imbedded habitual tendencies such as procrastination, impatience, criticalness, or selfishness that violate basic principles of human effectiveness ________ (involve) more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives. is was listed is involves 现在进行时 06 1.表示此刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与时间状语now，at the moment，at present等连用。 He is watching a football match on TV at home now. 2.一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词come, go, leave, get, start, open, arrive, begin, return等常用现在进行时表将来。 I am leaving for Shanghai to attend an important international meeting. 3.现在进行时态与频率副词always，constantly连用表达某种感情色彩，如不满、厌恶、赞赏等。 You are always forgetting the important thing. She is always complaining. 现在进行时具体用法 注意：有些动词不用于进行时态，常见的有： 1.感觉类：look, feel, smell, sound, taste, hear 2.情感类：like ,love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adore等。 3.心态类：hope, wish, want, need, expect, believe, think ,understand, agree, know, remember等。 I love my dad and mom. These books belong to Jim. 1.谓语动词的形式：am/is/are+doing 2.动词变现在分词规则 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加-ing try→trying; cry→crying 以不发音的e结尾的动词 去掉e，加­ing hate→hating；date→dating 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加­ing regret→regretting；ban→banning 过去进行时 07 谓语动词的形式：was/were＋doing 1. 过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。 He was playing basketball with his friends on the playground at 3：00 pm yesterday. 2.表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。 She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house. 3.表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，此用法常见动词有go，begin，leave，arrive，come，return等。 I was coming to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel. 过去进行时具体用法 将来进行时 08 谓语动词的形式：will be doing 具体用法： 表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。 This time next week I'll be lying on the beach，enjoying the sunshine. 下星期这个时候，我正躺在海滩上，享受着阳光。 将来进行时具体用法 综合练习2 09 综合练习 1. My washing machine __________________(repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 2.If the weather remains clear this weekend, we ______________(camp) in the valley while the meteor shower reaches its peak. 3.——Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? 一No, I__________(do) my homework all day yesterday. 4.Look! The children ___________ (circle) a robot, talking about science development. 5.The World Health Organization warns that millions of people ____________ (suffer) from indoor air pollution at the present time, which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook­stoves at home. 6.It was the twins rather than their father that ______________ (take) the breakfast upstairs when mother came home. is being repaired will be camping was doing are circling are suffering were taking 现在完成时 10 谓语动词的形式：have/has done 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用的时间状语：already，so far，never，just，before，recently，for a long time，in the past/last few years等。 Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. 2.表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“since＋时间点”或“for＋时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。 He moved here in 2019 and he has lived here ever since. 现在完成时具体用法 用现在完成时的句型： 1.在“It/This is/will be the first/second/third ... time＋that从句”中，从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。 This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 2.在“It/This is the best/worst/most＋adj.＋名词＋从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。 It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school. 3.It is/has been＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已经……”。 It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university. 注意： 1.避免思维定式：一看到for＋时间段，就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时)，还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。 2.非延续性动词leave， arrive， come， go， return， join， die， buy， borrow等的完成时，在肯定句中不能与for引出的时间段，since＋时间点或how long等状语连用，要转化为相应的延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。 [误]I have bought the car for a year. [正]I have kept the car for a year. Yang Zhenning lived in America for many years and now he lives in China. Dashan has lived in China for many years. 练习 1.Over the past several months, the company _______________(conduct) a deeper study. 2.Over the years, the architect ____________ (help) renovate around 20 households in Mutianyu, most of which now operate as hotels or restaurants, while doing his best to preserve the original structures as much as possible. 3.So far, Shoushan Stone, officially named “China National Stone”, __________(become) a symbol of elegance, dignity and wisdom, which is worthy of collection. 4.All in all, it is a day dedicated to poetry: an art form that __________ (exist) for centuries and continues to enrich our understanding of the human condition to this day. has conducted has helped has become has existed 过去完成时 11 谓语动词的形式：had＋done 1.表示到过去某一时间之前动作已经完成即“过去的过去”，常见的时间状语有by...，by the end of,until...，when...，before...等。 By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had already graduated from college. 易错提醒：在复杂语境中，过去完成时的运用可能没有出现较为明显的时间状语，需要仔细观察上下文进行合理推断。 Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. 2.表示意向的动词，如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose 等，用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。 We had expected that you would be able to win the match. 3.表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作发生，这种情况多见于宾语从句。 He remembered that he had left the key at home. 过去完成时具体用法 过去完成时的特殊句式 1.在hardly/scarcely ... when ...，no sooner ... than ... 句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。意思为“一……就……”。 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 2.It was＋一段时间＋since从句。since从句用过去完成时。 It was at least three months since I had left Beijing. 3. It was the first/second/ ... time＋(that)从句。从句用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had chatted online in English. 4.By the time ...起连词的功能，引导从句， (表示过去时间的句子)＋主句(过去完成时)。 By the time he was ten, Tom had built a chemistry lab himself. 现在完成进行时 12 谓语动词的形式：have been＋doing 1.常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。 For days the kids have been looking for others we can help. 2.表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 I have been calling him many times this morning，but there's no answer. I feel a little tired because I have been playing basketball. 现在完成进行时具体用法 过去完成进行时 13 谓语动词的形式：have been＋doing 1.常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。 For days the kids have been looking for others we can help. 2.表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 I have been calling him many times this morning，but there's no answer. I feel a little tired because I have been playing basketball. 现在完成进行时具体用法 综合练习3 14 综合练习 1.By analyzing the data collected over the past decade, scientists ______________ (confirm) that global temperatures have risen at an unprecedented rate. 2.By the time rescue teams arrived at the earthquake site, the majority of survivors ________________ (trap) under collapsed buildings for over 48 hours. 3.Since the new environmental policy ________________ (implement) last month, air quality in urban areas has improved significantly. 4.Residents in the coastal village report that seawater gradually________________ (erode) their farmland over the past five years, forcing many to relocate. 5. The CEO admitted that the company ________________ (overlook) potential risks before launching the controversial product. have confirmed was implemented has been eroding had been trapped had overlooked 7. When historians examined the ancient manuscript, they realized it contained clues to a lost language that scholars___________ (fail) to decode for centuries. 8.The research team ________________ (study) the migration patterns of humpback whales in the Pacific Ocean since 2020, and their findings will be published next month. 9. Despite multiple interruptions, the programmer _______________ (work) on debugging this complex algorithm for the entire morning. 10. The famous novelist, who ____________(receive) three literary awards this year, announced her retirement from writing yesterday. 11.Mary________________ (work) really hard on his book recently and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. 12.When Alice came to herself, she did not know how long she ____________ (lie) there. had failed has been studying has been working has received has been working had been lying 五.易混时态辨析 一般过去时侧重说明过去发生的动作的事实，往往已经完成。过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，侧重强调动作的持续，一般还没有完成。 例1.They built a skyscraper. 他们建了一座摩天大楼。（已经完成） 例2.They were building a skyscraper.他们正在建一座摩天大楼。（没有完成） 例3.He took exercise after he got up. 起床后他去锻炼身体了。 例4.He was taking exercise when he met Mr Smith. 他在锻炼身体时碰到了史密斯先生。 01.一般过去时与过去进行时 一般过去时侧重说明在过去某个时间发生的事情、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，不强调对现在产生的影响，常与确定的过去时间状语连用。现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，不与确定的过去时间状语连用。 例1.He cleaned the room an hour ago, but it’s dirty now. 他一小时前打扫过房间，可是现在房间又脏了。 例2.He has cleaned the room. 他已经打扫房间了。 02.一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时是相对现在而言的，过去完成时是相对于过去某一时刻而言的，两种时态建立的时间参照不同。过去完成时必须又一个过去的时间来衬托，必须是“过去的过去”才可以用过去完成时。 例1.Last week they learned Lesson 6. 上周他们学了第六课。 例2.By the end of last week they had learned 3 units. 到上周末为止，他们已经学习了3个单元。 03.一般过去时与过去完成时 04.现在完成时与过去完成时 二者所表示的动作均始于过去。现在完成时以现在的时间为基点，侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响。过去完成时以过去的时间为基点，强调“过去的过去”。若动作截至到现在，用现在完成时；若截至到过去某时，则用过去完成时。 例1.Up to now he has been to the Great Wall three times. 迄今为止，他去过长城3次了。 例2.He said he had been to the Great Wall three times. 他说他已经去过长城3次了。 05.现在完成时与现在完成进行时 区别 现在完成进行时 现在完成时 示例 一 表示动作的重复 一般不表示重复性 Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他见面吗？Have you met him recently? 你最近见到过他吗？ 二 含有感情色彩 一般是平铺直叙 I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。（表示不满） I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。（说明事实） 三 强调事情的过程 强调事情结果 We have been cleaning the classroom.（强调过程） We have cleaned the classroom.（强调结果） 1.现在完成时表示动作已经完成，现在完成进行时表示动作未完成；现在完成时表示动作过程的持续性，现在完成进行时强调动作持续的长久性。 例1.I have watered the flowers this morning. （动作已经完成） 例2.I have been watering the flowering this morning. （动作一直在持续） 易错提醒：状态动词、情感动词和知觉动词，如see,feel,know, love等，不能用于现在完成进行时，但可以用于现在完成时。 (错误)I have been knowing her for a long time. (正确）I have known her for a long time. 2.现在完成时同某些频度副词或数词连用时，表示反复的但可能有间断的动作；现在完成进行时可以表示反复的、不间断的动作，不能同具体数词或表示具体词数的词连用。 (错误) I have been reading this book three times. (正确) I have read this book three times. 六.综合练习 1.But locals say the demand for their paintings _______________ (decline) in the past two pandemic-struck years. 2.The less energy you use, the less carbon dioxide ____________ (release). 3.On the back of the 5-yuan banknote ______ (be) Taishan Mountain in Shandong. 4.When I called him yesterday, he ____________ (have) dinner with his family. 5.By the time we arrived, the train __________ (leave) the station. 6.Light ________ (travel) much faster than sound. 7.Mike ________ (invite) his best friend to the concert last week. 8.She _________ (not go) to bed until she finishes her homework. 9.My English teacher __________ (teach) in this school for over a decade. 10.If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic. has declined is released is was having had left travels invited won’t go has taught rains 11.The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here. 12.Not only the detailed analysis but also the preliminary surveys _________ (indicate) a significant shift in climate patterns over the past decade. 13.By the time the rescue team arrived at the avalanche site, the majority of hikers_______________ (trap) under meters of snow for over 48 hours. 14.Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules; for instance, in Switzerland, arriving late ____________ (consider) extremely impolite. 15.The unmanned spacecraft, equipped with cutting-edge sensors, _________________ (orbit) Mars since 2023, transmitting data that has revolutionized our understanding of the planet. means indicate had been trapped is considered has been orbiting 16.Neither the controversial theories proposed by the scholar nor his latest publication ______________ (receive) widespread acceptance in academic circles. 17.When the archaeologists excavated the ancient tomb, they discovered that the artifacts buried within ____________________ (preserve) remarkably well due to the airtight conditions. 18.A series of experiments conducted in zero-gravity environments ____________ (demonstrate) that plant growth is affected profoundly by gravitational forces. 19.Had the government implemented stricter environmental policies earlier, the current ecological crisis _________________________ (avoid) to a large extent. 20.Along with the rapid urbanization come challenges such as traffic congestion and air pollution, which __________ (demand) immediate solutions. has received had been preserved demonstrates could have been avoided demand Thanks Lavf58.29.100 $$