Unit 8 Wonderland（知识清单）英语新教材译林版七年级下册

Unit 8 Wonderland 话题 Wonderland 词汇 wonder ,magic ,forest ,adventure ,explore,discover,treasure,secret,mysterious,brave,dangerous,protect , ancient,creature,disappear 短语 in the middle of,full of wonders,go on an adventure,a magical forest,keep a secret,solve the mystery,brave enough to do sth.,protect the environment,ancient creatures,follow the path ,climb up ,cross the river, light up ,a dangerous journey,the key to 句型 1. What a wonderful world! 多么奇妙的世界啊！ 2. It’s + adj. + to explore... 探索……是……的。 3. be full of... 充满…… 4. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最佳方式 5. be brave enough to do sth. 足够勇敢去做某事 6. would like to explore... 想要探索…… 7. What does... look like? ……看起来像什么？ 8. hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做某事 9. hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事 10. enjoy exploring... 喜欢探索…… 语法 一般过去时（Ⅱ） 写作 讲述一个故事或完成故事续写 考点1 Ma Liang uses a magic paintbrush to help poor people(教材P93) magic/ˈmædʒIk/ adj.有魔力的； 神奇的n.魔法；魔术； 魔力 【语境串记】 The waved a magic wand. Some flowers appeared in his hand. How !魔术师挥舞了一下魔杖。他的手里出现了一些花。 多么神奇呀！ 考点2 Hey Sandy, do you know the book The Classic of Mountains and Seas? (教材P93) classic/ˈklæsIk/ n.经典作品，名著 adj.最优秀的；典型的； 典雅的 (1) [可数名词] 经典作品，名著 This book is widely believed to be the of traditional Chinese medicine.这本书被广泛认为是中医的经典作品。 (2) [形容词] 最优秀的； 典型的； 典雅的 — Hi, Jill. What are you reading?嗨,吉尔。 你在读什么? — The Little Prince,a novel. Have you heard of it?《小王子》， 一部经典小说。 你听说过它吗? 拓展classical [形容词] 古典的; 经典的; 传统的 She listens to music for relaxation.她听古典音乐来放松。 考点3 I can lend it to you. (教材P93) lend / lend/ v.借给, 借出 borrow与 lend borrow “借；借用”，指主语从别人那里“借入”东西自己使用。 borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物 lend (lent, lent) “借给，借出”，指主语把自己的东西“借出”给别人使用。 lend sth. to sb.= lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人 拓展lend与 borrow是短暂性动词， 不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 表示“借用某物一段时间”时， 要用 keep sth. for some time。 拓展lend与 borrow是短暂性动词， 不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 表示“借用某物一段时间”时， 要用 keep sth. for some time。 【语境串记】 Nick a book from the library and he it to me. He told me that I could it for a week.尼克从图书馆借了一本书，然后把它借给了我。他告诉我我可以借看一周。 考点4 She found herself alone in a long, low hall. (教材P94) herself/hɜːˈself/ pron.她自己 反身代词汇总： 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself我自己 yourself你自己 himself/ herself/ itself他/她/它自己 复数 ourselves我们自己 yourselves你们自己 themselves他/她/它们自己 含反身代词的常用短语： (all) by oneself (某人) 独自, 单独 enjoy oneself玩得高兴, 过得愉快 for oneself 为自己 dress oneself给自己穿衣服 help oneself to... teach oneself hurt oneself say to oneself make oneself(feel) at home 考点5 Then Alice noticed a small door and put the key into the lock. (教材P94) notice/ˈnəʊtɪs/ v.注意到; 留意 用法分析 notice为可数名词，意为“公告牌；通告；布告”。 墙上有些通告。There are some notices on the wall. 考点拓展 notice做动词，意为“注意到；察觉到”。 常用结构如下： （1）notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做了某事，强调动作已经完成。 I noticed him leave the school.我注意到他离开学校了。 （2）notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。 I notice Mr. Wang entering his office.我注意到王先生正在走进办公室。 （3）be noticed to do sth.被注意到做了某事（被动语态）。 She was noticed to enter the office.有人看见她走进办公室了。 （4）notice sth. done注意到某事被做。 I noticed the glass broken.我注意到玻璃杯被弄碎了。 考点6.She could see a lovely garden on the other side. (教材P94) 用法分析other做形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，其后可接可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词。 你有别的爱好吗？Do you have other hobbies？ 我没有任何其他时间。I don't have any other time. 考点辨析 the other,another,others,the others the other 意为“其他，另一个”，指两者中的另一个，常与one连用，构成one...the other...（一个……另一个……）。 another 可做代词或限定词，意为“又一个（的），再一个（的）”，泛指三个或三个以上同类中的另一个。 others 意为“其他的人或事物”，表示泛指，做代词，其后不加名词。 the others 表示特指，指在一定范围内除去某些后剩下的全部。 She has two sons.One is in Beijing,and the other is in Shanghai.她有两个儿子。一个在北京，另一个在上海。 I don't like this one.Please show me another one.我不喜欢这个。请给我看另一个。 We should help others.我们应该帮助他人。 There are ten pens here.Two are red,and the others are black.这里有十支钢笔。两支是红色的，其余的是黑色的。 中考链接Catherine has two cousins.One is quiet,and is noisy. A.another B.the other C.other D.others outside的用法 考点7.What happened next? (教材P96) 用法分析 happen表示“发生”。happen to sb./sth.意为“……发生在某人身上/某物上”。 你发生什么事了？What happened to you？ 考点拓展 happen to do sth.表示“碰巧发生/做某事”，相当于“It happens+that从句.”。 那天我碰巧没带钱。I happened to have no money with me that day. =It happened that I had no money with me that day. 考点辨析 happen，take place “发生”各不同 happen 描述意外发生的事件，主语是表示事 件、事故的名词或代词。 强调事情的偶然性和不可预见性 take place 指有计划，事先安排的事件“发生”。主语是表示“运动，活动，会议等”的名词。 还有“举行”的意思没有偶然性 The road accident happened during the morning rush hour.这场交通事故发生在早上的交通高峰期。 The Olympic Games take place every four years.奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。 中考链接 根据汉语提示完成句子 -Have you met Luke recently？ -Yes, I 碰巧看见他）in the science museum yesterday afternoon. 考点8.They tasted the chocolate and said whether they liked it or not. (教材P98) whether/ˈweðə(r)/ conj. 是否 作连词，意为“是否”，常用来引导宾语从句，有时可与 if互换; whether可以和动词不定式或 or not连用。 — Most of us don't know we will have a picnic this weekend.我们大多数人都不知道这个周末是否会去野餐。 — Our teachers haven't decided to go or not.我们的老师还没有决定去还是不去。 考点9.Lost his sister and father (教材P98) lose/ lu:z/ v.失去, 丧失 其过去式为 lost。 常用短语有： lose one's way 迷路 lose weight 减肥 lose heart 失去信心 lose one's life丧生 lose touch with sb.和某人失去联系 lose oneself in…沉迷于…… My father lost his keys yesterday morning.昨天早上我爸爸把他的钥匙弄丢了。 He lost his way in the forest.他在森林里迷路了。 She lost herself in the beautiful music.她沉浸在这美妙的音乐中。 拓展[动词] 输掉 其反义词为 win“获胜, 赢”。 He lost the game, so he was sad.他输掉了比赛, 所以他很伤心 考点10Died (教材P98) 用法分析die是动词“死，死亡”，现在分词为dying。其形容词为dead“死的，无生命的”；名词为death“死，死亡”。 这些花枯萎了。他两年前死的。He died two years ago. These flowers are dead. 我们获悉你父亲去世，非常难过。We're sorry to hear of your father's death. 中考特殊考点 die是非延续性动词，不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。如果表达“死了多长时间”，用“have /has been dead for+时间”或“died+时间段+ago” His father has been dead for ten years. =His father died ten years ago.他父亲已经去世十年了。 中考链接 His grandmother for 6 years. And he still misses her very much. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died 考点11In a fantasy book, the story isn't set in the real world.(教材P100) set / set/ v.为……设置背景于;创立 其过去式和过去分词均为 set，现在分词为 setting。 be set in...以……为背景 The novel is set in London in the 1960s.这部小说以20世纪60年代的伦敦为背景。 拓展与 set相关的其他短语： real /ˈri:əl/ adj.真实的,实际存在的 [形容词] 其副词形式是 really“真正地；的确”。 His story is based on a real person.他的小说是以真人为原型的。 It's a wonderful film. I really enjoy it.这是一部精彩的电影。我真的很喜欢它。 辨析real与 true real “真实的”，指客观上存在而不是虚构的。 This is a story of real life. 这是一个真实生活中的故事。 true “确实的，符合事实的”，强调事实和实际情况相符，是真的而不是杜撰的。 Is it true that he has left Beijing? 他已经离开了北京，这是真的吗? The news is true.这则消息是真实的。 考点12 Fantasy stories allow us to enjoy an imagined world and take a break from our everyday lives.(教材P100) imagine /ɪ'mædʒɪn/ v. 想象 用法分析 imagine做动词，意为“想象；设想”，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句做宾语，不可用于进行时态。其名词形式为imagination，意为“想象”。常用结构： （1）接that或what引导的宾语从句。 我想象不出下一步会发生什么。I couldn’t imagine what would happen next. （2）imagine doing sth.意为“想象做某事”。 我难以想象生活在这样一个地方。I can’t imagine living in such a place. 考点13.While we are reading the stories, we forget our worries and relax. (教材P100) while /waɪl/ conj. 在…期间,与…同时n.一段时间，一会儿 高频 (1) [连词] 与……同时;当……的时候 引导时间状语从句，强调在从句动作发生的同时，主句动作也在进行。从句常用进行时，且从句谓语要用延续性动词。 While Mum and Dad were reading their books, my brother Paul was building a big sandcastle.当妈妈和爸爸在看书的时候，我的弟弟保罗正在建造一个大沙堡。 谚 While there is life, there is hope.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。 (2) [名词] 一段时间，一会儿 常用单数形式，与不定冠词a连用。 常用搭配有： after a while 过了一会儿 once in a while偶尔,有时 quite a while 很长一段时间 in a while 不久,马上 all the while 一直 Sleeping for a after lunch can help us study better in the afternoon.午饭后睡一会儿可以帮助我们下午更好地学习。 Mr Thomas will come to meet you in a . 托马斯先生过一会儿会来见你。 He comes to our room for a chat once in a . 他偶尔来我们房间闲谈。 考点14.He runs after it for a long time and finally dies because he’ s so thirsty. (教材P101) 考点辨析 finally，at last，in the end finally 指一系列事物或论点的顺序，没有较强的感情色彩。 at last 最后，常常有浓厚的感情色彩。 in the end 表示经过许多变化、困难、挫折或捉摸不定的情况之后，某事才发生，意为“最后，终于”。 They finally found the lost wallet.最后他们终于找到了丢失的钱夹。 He failed in the examination three times, but at last he passed.他三次考试都没通过，但是最后通过了。 She tried several times, and in the end she succeeded.她尝试了多次，最后终于成功了。 中考链接 To our surprise, the computer won the chess game against the human player. A. certainly B. usually C. finally D. mostly 考点15I like“Jingwei Filling the Sea”. (教材P101) fill动词，意为“（使）充满；装满”，fill...with...表示“用……装满……”，其主语通常是人，被动语态为be filled with。 你精彩的演讲充满正能量。Your fascinating speech is filled with positive energy. 瓶子里装满了水。The bottle was filled with water. 中考特殊考点 full“满的；饱的”，be full of 充满……的，相当于be filled with。 The glass is full of honey. =The glass is filled with honey.这个玻璃杯盛满了蜂蜜。 中考链接 Life is the unexpected（意外）. Whatever we do, try our best. A. full of B. proud of C. instead of D. because of 考点23. Soon Alice was small enough to go through the door, so she decided to enter the garden. (教材P102) 形容词+ enough+ to do sth.足够……可以做某事讲 否定形式为“not+形容词+ enough+ to do sth.”,意为“不够………而不能做某事”。 He is clever enough to overcome many difficulties.他足够聪明，可以克服很多困难。 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 高频 否定形式: decide not to do sth.决定不做某事。 My grandpa decided to give up smoking for his health.为了健康着想，我爷爷决定戒烟。 They decided not to accept the invitation.他们决定拒绝邀请。 拓展 (1) decide 后还可以接“特殊疑问词+ to do”结构。 I can't decide what to wear.我拿不定主意穿什么。 We must decide which one to buy.我们必须决定要买哪一个。 (2) decision [名词] 决定,抉择 make a decision (to do sth.) 下定决心 (做某事) I made a decision (= decided) to read English every day.我决定每天读英语 考点16.Alice had to go back to the table, but she was too small to reach the key. (教材P102) too ... to 太……而不能高频 该结构表示否定含义。其中 too为副词，其后跟形容词或副词原级； to为不定式符号，后接动词原形。 This soup is too salty to eat.这汤太咸了,不能喝。 拓展too... to...结构可以和 so/ such… that…(如此……以至于………) 以及 not… enough to do sth. (不够………而不能做某事) 进行同义转换。 他年纪太小，不能独自一人去上学。 He is too young to go to school on his own. He is so young that he can't go to school on his own. He is not old enough to go to school on his own 【特别提醒】 too... to...结构中, too前有否定词 (如 never) 时,表达肯定意义。 谚 It's never too late to learn.活到老,学到老。 谚 It's never too late to mend.改过从不嫌晚 reach / ri:tʃ/ v.够得着;抵达;实现;达到 (1) [动词] 够得着 The apples on the tree are big and red, but I can't reach them.树上的苹果又大又红，但我够不到它们 (2) [动词] 抵达, 到达 相当于 get to或 arrive at/ in。 My uncle will reach Shanghai tomorrow afternoon.我叔叔将于明天下午抵达上海。 (3) [动词] 实现;达到 In order to reach his goal, Tom works hard.为了实现目标，汤姆学习很努力。 1． 语法精讲 一般过去时 (II) 考向一般过去时的否定句式和疑问句式及其简略回答 一．含有 be动词的一般过去时的否定句、疑问句及其简略回答 含有 be动词的一般过去时的基本结构为：主语+ was/ were+其他. (肯定句) 句式变化 方法 结构 肯定句变否定句 找到句中的 be动词， 然后在其后加 not。注意: was not= wasn't, were not = weren't。 主语+ was/ were+ not+其他. 陈述句变一般疑问句及其简略回答 首先找到句中的 be动词， 然后将其放到主语前面。 — Was/ Were+主语+其他? — Yes,主语+ was/ were./ No,主语+ wasn't/ weren't. 句式变化 方法 结构 特殊疑问句 先将陈述句转换成一般疑问句， 再 在一般疑问句前加上相应的疑问词 (如 what、 how、 when、 where等)。 疑问词+ was/ were+主语+其他? The kids weren't full yet.孩子们还没吃饱。 — Was he at school yesterday? 他昨天在学校吗? — Yes, he was./ No, he wasn't.是的, 他在学校。 /不,他不在学校。 How was your trip? 你的旅行怎么样? Whose bike was broken?谁的自行车坏了? 如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语，结构为“疑问词(+名词)+was/ were +其他? ” 【典例】 按要求完成句子，每空一词。 1. I was at home last weekend. (改为否定句) I at home last weekend. 2. Sara was late for school because of the heavy rain.(对画线部分提问) Sara late for school? 二．含有行为动词的一般过去时的否定句、疑问句及其简略回答 含有行为动词的一般过去时的基本结构为：主语+动词过去式+其他.(肯定句) 句式变化 方法 结构 肯定句变否定句 在动词前加助动词 didn't(did not), 同时把动词过去式还原为动词原形。 主语+ did not+动词原形+其他. 句式变化 方法 结构 陈述句变一般疑问句及其简略回答 在主语前加 Did， 同时把动词过去式还原为动词原形。 — Did+主语+动词原形+其他? — Yes,主语+ did. / No,主语+ didn't. 句式变化 方法 结构 特殊疑问句 先将陈述句转换成一般疑 问句，再在一般疑问句前加 上相应的疑问词(如 what、 how、 when、 where等)。 疑问词+ did+主语+动词原形+其他? They didn't watch TV last night.他们昨晚没有看电视。 — Did you go home yesterday? 你昨天回家了吗? — Yes, I did./ No,I didn't.是的, 我回了。 /不,我没回。 Where did you find my dog? 你在哪里找到了我的狗? Who took away my coat?谁拿走了我的外套? 如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语，结构为“疑问词(+名词)+动词过去式+其他? ” 【典例】 Your name again?I'm sorry I catch it. A. don't B. didn't C. won't D. wasn't 二．写作精讲 本单元以奇幻故事、中外传说等为话题,要求学生能根据图片或文字提示讲述包含中外传说、童话故事在内 的中外经典文学、文化作品。 写作时,通常按照故事发生的起因、经过和结果的顺序进行叙述。时态以一般过去时为主,在直接引用别人的原话时,可根据实际情况选用不同的时态。写故事时围绕when、where、who、what、how等要素,分别进行背景、人物、故事梗概的介绍。此外,还可在最后讲述故事的寓意或受到的启发。 在我们的成长过程中,有很多耳熟能详的童话故事或寓言故事。现在请根据下图提示,讲述司马光砸缸的故事 （Sima Guang hit the tank）并发表你对该故事的看法。 要求：1.文章须包括所有图画内容,可适当发挥,使全文连贯; 2.文中不得出现真实的姓名或校名; 3.词数不少于80。 参考词汇：hide-and-seek捉迷藏 frightened害怕的 run for help跑去求助 think over仔细考虑 审主题：讲故事 审体裁：记叙文 审人称：以第三人称为主 审时态：以一般过去时为主 审要点：故事发生的时间、地点、人物及事件发生的起 因、经过和结果、你的看法 开头句 Long ago, there was a boy called Sima Guang.很久以前,有一个叫司马光的男孩。 Once upon a time, there was a smart boy named Sima Guang.从前,有一个叫司马光的聪明男孩。 中间句 1.起因 One day, Sima Guang and his friends played in the yard.一天,司马光和他的朋友们在院子里玩耍。 Suddenly, one of his friends fell into a big tank full of water.突然,他的一个朋友掉进了一个装满水的缸里。 2.经过 The other children were very scared. But Sima Guang was calm.其他孩子非常害怕。但是司马光很冷静。 Some children were so frightened that they started to cry.一些孩子很害怕,开始哭了起来。 Some children ran for help.一些孩子跑去寻求帮助。 Sima Guang was calm and he thought it over.司马光很冷静,他仔细考虑。 Sima Guang quickly had an idea.司马光很快想出了一个主意。 3.结果 He picked up a big stone and hit/threw at the tank.他捡起一块大石头并砸向/扔向水缸。 The tank broke and the water ran out.水缸破了,水流了出来。 Sima Guang saved the boy’s life.司马光救了那个男孩的命。 结尾句 Sima Guang’s quick thinking is worth learning.司马光思维敏捷,值得学习。 We should learn from Sima Guang: Be calm and brave when in trouble.我们应该向司马光学习：遇到麻烦时要沉着、勇敢。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 8 Wonderland 话题 Wonderland 词汇 wonder ,magic ,forest ,adventure ,explore,discover,treasure,secret,mysterious,brave,dangerous,protect , ancient,creature,disappear 短语 in the middle of,full of wonders,go on an adventure,a magical forest,keep a secret,solve the mystery,brave enough to do sth.,protect the environment,ancient creatures,follow the path ,climb up ,cross the river, light up ,a dangerous journey,the key to 句型 1. What a wonderful world! 多么奇妙的世界啊！ 2. It’s + adj. + to explore... 探索……是……的。 3. be full of... 充满…… 4. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最佳方式 5. be brave enough to do sth. 足够勇敢去做某事 6. would like to explore... 想要探索…… 7. What does... look like? ……看起来像什么？ 8. hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做某事 9. hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事 10. enjoy exploring... 喜欢探索…… 语法 一般过去时（Ⅱ） 写作 讲述一个故事或完成故事续写 考点1 Ma Liang uses a magic paintbrush to help poor people(教材P93) magic/ˈmædʒIk/ adj.有魔力的； 神奇的n.魔法；魔术； 魔力 【语境串记】 The magician waved a magic wand. Some flowers appeared in his hand. How magical!魔术师挥舞了一下魔杖。他的手里出现了一些花。 多么神奇呀！ 考点2 Hey Sandy, do you know the book The Classic of Mountains and Seas? (教材P93) classic/ˈklæsIk/ n.经典作品，名著 adj.最优秀的；典型的； 典雅的 (1) [可数名词] 经典作品，名著 This book is widely believed to be the classic of traditional Chinese medicine.这本书被广泛认为是中医的经典作品。 (2) [形容词] 最优秀的； 典型的； 典雅的 — Hi, Jill. What are you reading?嗨,吉尔。 你在读什么? — The Little Prince,a classic novel. Have you heard of it?《小王子》， 一部经典小说。 你听说过它吗? 拓展classical [形容词] 古典的; 经典的; 传统的 She listens to classical music for relaxation.她听古典音乐来放松。 考点3 I can lend it to you. (教材P93) lend / lend/ v.借给, 借出 borrow与 lend borrow “借；借用”，指主语从别人那里“借入”东西自己使用。 borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物 lend (lent, lent) “借给，借出”，指主语把自己的东西“借出”给别人使用。 lend sth. to sb.= lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人 拓展lend与 borrow是短暂性动词， 不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 表示“借用某物一段时间”时， 要用 keep sth. for some time。 拓展lend与 borrow是短暂性动词， 不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 表示“借用某物一段时间”时， 要用 keep sth. for some time。 【语境串记】 Nick borrowed a book from the library and he lent it to me. He told me that I could keep it for a week.尼克从图书馆借了一本书，然后把它借给了我。他告诉我我可以借看一周。 考点4 She found herself alone in a long, low hall. (教材P94) herself/hɜːˈself/ pron.她自己 反身代词汇总： 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself我自己 yourself你自己 himself/ herself/ itself他/她/它自己 复数 ourselves我们自己 yourselves你们自己 themselves他/她/它们自己 含反身代词的常用短语： (all) by oneself (某人) 独自, 单独 enjoy oneself玩得高兴, 过得愉快 for oneself 为自己 dress oneself给自己穿衣服 help oneself to... 自取 (食物、饮料等) teach oneself 自学 hurt oneself 伤着自己 say to oneself 自言自语 make oneself(feel) at home 不拘束, 别客气 考点5 Then Alice noticed a small door and put the key into the lock. (教材P94) notice/ˈnəʊtɪs/ v.注意到; 留意 用法分析 notice为可数名词，意为“公告牌；通告；布告”。 墙上有些通告。There are some notices on the wall. 考点拓展 notice做动词，意为“注意到；察觉到”。 常用结构如下： （1）notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做了某事，强调动作已经完成。 I noticed him leave the school.我注意到他离开学校了。 （2）notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。 I notice Mr. Wang entering his office.我注意到王先生正在走进办公室。 （3）be noticed to do sth.被注意到做了某事（被动语态）。 She was noticed to enter the office.有人看见她走进办公室了。 （4）notice sth. done注意到某事被做。 I noticed the glass broken.我注意到玻璃杯被弄碎了。 考点6.She could see a lovely garden on the other side. (教材P94) 用法分析other做形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，其后可接可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词。 你有别的爱好吗？Do you have other hobbies？ 我没有任何其他时间。I don't have any other time. 考点辨析 the other,another,others,the others the other 意为“其他，另一个”，指两者中的另一个，常与one连用，构成one...the other...（一个……另一个……）。 another 可做代词或限定词，意为“又一个（的），再一个（的）”，泛指三个或三个以上同类中的另一个。 others 意为“其他的人或事物”，表示泛指，做代词，其后不加名词。 the others 表示特指，指在一定范围内除去某些后剩下的全部。 She has two sons.One is in Beijing,and the other is in Shanghai.她有两个儿子。一个在北京，另一个在上海。 I don't like this one.Please show me another one.我不喜欢这个。请给我看另一个。 We should help others.我们应该帮助他人。 There are ten pens here.Two are red,and the others are black.这里有十支钢笔。两支是红色的，其余的是黑色的。 中考链接Catherine has two cousins.One is quiet,and___B___is noisy. A.another B.the other C.other D.others outside的用法 考点7.What happened next? (教材P96) 用法分析 happen表示“发生”。happen to sb./sth.意为“……发生在某人身上/某物上”。 你发生什么事了？What happened to you？ 考点拓展 happen to do sth.表示“碰巧发生/做某事”，相当于“It happens+that从句.”。 那天我碰巧没带钱。I happened to have no money with me that day. =It happened that I had no money with me that day. 考点辨析 happen，take place “发生”各不同 happen 描述意外发生的事件，主语是表示事 件、事故的名词或代词。 强调事情的偶然性和不可预见性 take place 指有计划，事先安排的事件“发生”。主语是表示“运动，活动，会议等”的名词。 还有“举行”的意思没有偶然性 The road accident happened during the morning rush hour.这场交通事故发生在早上的交通高峰期。 The Olympic Games take place every four years.奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。 中考链接 根据汉语提示完成句子 -Have you met Luke recently？ -Yes, I happened to see/meet him（碰巧看见他）in the science museum yesterday afternoon. 考点8.They tasted the chocolate and said whether they liked it or not. (教材P98) whether/ˈweðə(r)/ conj. 是否 作连词，意为“是否”，常用来引导宾语从句，有时可与 if互换; whether可以和动词不定式或 or not连用。 — Most of us don't know whether/ if we will have a picnic this weekend.我们大多数人都不知道这个周末是否会去野餐。 — Our teachers haven't decided whether to go or not.我们的老师还没有决定去还是不去。 考点9.Lost his sister and father (教材P98) lose/ lu:z/ v.失去, 丧失 其过去式为 lost。 常用短语有： lose one's way 迷路 lose weight 减肥 lose heart 失去信心 lose one's life丧生 lose touch with sb.和某人失去联系 lose oneself in…沉迷于…… My father lost his keys yesterday morning.昨天早上我爸爸把他的钥匙弄丢了。 He lost his way in the forest.他在森林里迷路了。 She lost herself in the beautiful music.她沉浸在这美妙的音乐中。 拓展[动词] 输掉 其反义词为 win“获胜, 赢”。 He lost the game, so he was sad.他输掉了比赛, 所以他很伤心 考点10Died (教材P98) 用法分析die是动词“死，死亡”，现在分词为dying。其形容词为dead“死的，无生命的”；名词为death“死，死亡”。 这些花枯萎了。他两年前死的。He died two years ago. These flowers are dead. 我们获悉你父亲去世，非常难过。We're sorry to hear of your father's death. 中考特殊考点 die是非延续性动词，不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。如果表达“死了多长时间”，用“have /has been dead for+时间”或“died+时间段+ago” His father has been dead for ten years. =His father died ten years ago.他父亲已经去世十年了。 中考链接 His grandmother ___C___ for 6 years. And he still misses her very much. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died 考点11In a fantasy book, the story isn't set in the real world.(教材P100) set / set/ v.为……设置背景于;创立 其过去式和过去分词均为 set，现在分词为 setting。 be set in...以……为背景 The novel is set in London in the 1960s.这部小说以20世纪60年代的伦敦为背景。 拓展与 set相关的其他短语： real /ˈri:əl/ adj.真实的,实际存在的 [形容词] 其副词形式是 really“真正地；的确”。 His story is based on a real person.他的小说是以真人为原型的。 It's a wonderful film. I really enjoy it.这是一部精彩的电影。我真的很喜欢它。 辨析real与 true real “真实的”，指客观上存在而不是虚构的。 This is a story of real life. 这是一个真实生活中的故事。 true “确实的，符合事实的”，强调事实和实际情况相符，是真的而不是杜撰的。 Is it true that he has left Beijing? 他已经离开了北京，这是真的吗? The news is true.这则消息是真实的。 考点12 Fantasy stories allow us to enjoy an imagined world and take a break from our everyday lives.(教材P100) imagine /ɪ'mædʒɪn/ v. 想象 用法分析 imagine做动词，意为“想象；设想”，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句做宾语，不可用于进行时态。其名词形式为imagination，意为“想象”。常用结构： （1）接that或what引导的宾语从句。 我想象不出下一步会发生什么。I couldn’t imagine what would happen next. （2）imagine doing sth.意为“想象做某事”。 我难以想象生活在这样一个地方。I can’t imagine living in such a place. 考点13.While we are reading the stories, we forget our worries and relax. (教材P100) while /waɪl/ conj. 在…期间,与…同时n.一段时间，一会儿 高频 (1) [连词] 与……同时;当……的时候 引导时间状语从句，强调在从句动作发生的同时，主句动作也在进行。从句常用进行时，且从句谓语要用延续性动词。 While Mum and Dad were reading their books, my brother Paul was building a big sandcastle.当妈妈和爸爸在看书的时候，我的弟弟保罗正在建造一个大沙堡。 谚 While there is life, there is hope.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。 (2) [名词] 一段时间，一会儿 常用单数形式，与不定冠词a连用。 常用搭配有： after a while 过了一会儿 once in a while偶尔,有时 quite a while 很长一段时间 in a while 不久,马上 all the while 一直 Sleeping for a while after lunch can help us study better in the afternoon.午饭后睡一会儿可以帮助我们下午更好地学习。 Mr Thomas will come to meet you in a while. 托马斯先生过一会儿会来见你。 He comes to our room for a chat once in a while. 他偶尔来我们房间闲谈。 考点14.He runs after it for a long time and finally dies because he’ s so thirsty. (教材P101) 考点辨析 finally，at last，in the end finally 指一系列事物或论点的顺序，没有较强的感情色彩。 at last 最后，常常有浓厚的感情色彩。 in the end 表示经过许多变化、困难、挫折或捉摸不定的情况之后，某事才发生，意为“最后，终于”。 They finally found the lost wallet.最后他们终于找到了丢失的钱夹。 He failed in the examination three times, but at last he passed.他三次考试都没通过，但是最后通过了。 She tried several times, and in the end she succeeded.她尝试了多次，最后终于成功了。 中考链接 To our surprise, the computer ___C___ won the chess game against the human player. A. certainly B. usually C. finally D. mostly 考点15I like“Jingwei Filling the Sea”. (教材P101) fill动词，意为“（使）充满；装满”，fill...with...表示“用……装满……”，其主语通常是人，被动语态为be filled with。 你精彩的演讲充满正能量。Your fascinating speech is filled with positive energy. 瓶子里装满了水。The bottle was filled with water. 中考特殊考点 full“满的；饱的”，be full of 充满……的，相当于be filled with。 The glass is full of honey. =The glass is filled with honey.这个玻璃杯盛满了蜂蜜。 中考链接 Life is ___A___ the unexpected（意外）. Whatever we do, try our best. A. full of B. proud of C. instead of D. because of 考点23. Soon Alice was small enough to go through the door, so she decided to enter the garden. (教材P102) 形容词+ enough+ to do sth.足够……可以做某事讲 否定形式为“not+形容词+ enough+ to do sth.”,意为“不够………而不能做某事”。 He is clever enough to overcome many difficulties.他足够聪明，可以克服很多困难。 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 高频 否定形式: decide not to do sth.决定不做某事。 My grandpa decided to give up smoking for his health.为了健康着想，我爷爷决定戒烟。 They decided not to accept the invitation.他们决定拒绝邀请。 拓展 (1) decide 后还可以接“特殊疑问词+ to do”结构。 I can't decide what to wear.我拿不定主意穿什么。 We must decide which one to buy.我们必须决定要买哪一个。 (2) decision [名词] 决定,抉择 make a decision (to do sth.) 下定决心 (做某事) I made a decision (= decided) to read English every day.我决定每天读英语 考点16.Alice had to go back to the table, but she was too small to reach the key. (教材P102) too ... to 太……而不能高频 该结构表示否定含义。其中 too为副词，其后跟形容词或副词原级； to为不定式符号，后接动词原形。 This soup is too salty to eat.这汤太咸了,不能喝。 拓展too... to...结构可以和 so/ such… that…(如此……以至于………) 以及 not… enough to do sth. (不够………而不能做某事) 进行同义转换。 他年纪太小，不能独自一人去上学。 He is too young to go to school on his own. He is so young that he can't go to school on his own. He is not old enough to go to school on his own 【特别提醒】 too... to...结构中, too前有否定词 (如 never) 时,表达肯定意义。 谚 It's never too late to learn.活到老,学到老。 谚 It's never too late to mend.改过从不嫌晚 reach / ri:tʃ/ v.够得着;抵达;实现;达到 (1) [动词] 够得着 The apples on the tree are big and red, but I can't reach them.树上的苹果又大又红，但我够不到它们 (2) [动词] 抵达, 到达 相当于 get to或 arrive at/ in。 My uncle will reach Shanghai tomorrow afternoon.我叔叔将于明天下午抵达上海。 (3) [动词] 实现;达到 In order to reach his goal, Tom works hard.为了实现目标，汤姆学习很努力。 1． 语法精讲 一般过去时 (II) 考向一般过去时的否定句式和疑问句式及其简略回答 一．含有 be动词的一般过去时的否定句、疑问句及其简略回答 含有 be动词的一般过去时的基本结构为：主语+ was/ were+其他. (肯定句) 句式变化 方法 结构 肯定句变否定句 找到句中的 be动词， 然后在其后加 not。注意: was not= wasn't, were not = weren't。 主语+ was/ were+ not+其他. 陈述句变一般疑问句及其简略回答 首先找到句中的 be动词， 然后将其放到主语前面。 — Was/ Were+主语+其他? — Yes,主语+ was/ were./ No,主语+ wasn't/ weren't. 句式变化 方法 结构 特殊疑问句 先将陈述句转换成一般疑问句， 再 在一般疑问句前加上相应的疑问词 (如 what、 how、 when、 where等)。 疑问词+ was/ were+主语+其他? The kids weren't full yet.孩子们还没吃饱。 — Was he at school yesterday? 他昨天在学校吗? — Yes, he was./ No, he wasn't.是的, 他在学校。 /不,他不在学校。 How was your trip? 你的旅行怎么样? Whose bike was broken?谁的自行车坏了? 如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语，结构为“疑问词(+名词)+was/ were +其他? ” 【典例】 按要求完成句子，每空一词。 1. I was at home last weekend. (改为否定句) I wasn't at home last weekend. 2. Sara was late for school because of the heavy rain.(对画线部分提问) Why was Sara late for school? 二．含有行为动词的一般过去时的否定句、疑问句及其简略回答 含有行为动词的一般过去时的基本结构为：主语+动词过去式+其他.(肯定句) 句式变化 方法 结构 肯定句变否定句 在动词前加助动词 didn't(did not), 同时把动词过去式还原为动词原形。 主语+ did not+动词原形+其他. 句式变化 方法 结构 陈述句变一般疑问句及其简略回答 在主语前加 Did， 同时把动词过去式还原为动词原形。 — Did+主语+动词原形+其他? — Yes,主语+ did. / No,主语+ didn't. 句式变化 方法 结构 特殊疑问句 先将陈述句转换成一般疑 问句，再在一般疑问句前加 上相应的疑问词(如 what、 how、 when、 where等)。 疑问词+ did+主语+动词原形+其他? They didn't watch TV last night.他们昨晚没有看电视。 — Did you go home yesterday? 你昨天回家了吗? — Yes, I did./ No,I didn't.是的, 我回了。 /不,我没回。 Where did you find my dog? 你在哪里找到了我的狗? Who took away my coat?谁拿走了我的外套? 如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语，结构为“疑问词(+名词)+动词过去式+其他? ” 【典例】 Your name again?I'm sorry I B catch it. A. don't B. didn't C. won't D. wasn't [解析]句意：再说一遍你的名字好吗? 抱歉我 (刚刚)没有听清楚。由语境可知此处应用一般过去时，先排除A、C两项； catch为行为动词，变为否定形式时应借助助动词 didn't。 故选B。 二．写作精讲 本单元以奇幻故事、中外传说等为话题,要求学生能根据图片或文字提示讲述包含中外传说、童话故事在内 的中外经典文学、文化作品。 写作时,通常按照故事发生的起因、经过和结果的顺序进行叙述。时态以一般过去时为主,在直接引用别人的原话时,可根据实际情况选用不同的时态。写故事时围绕when、where、who、what、how等要素,分别进行背景、人物、故事梗概的介绍。此外,还可在最后讲述故事的寓意或受到的启发。 在我们的成长过程中,有很多耳熟能详的童话故事或寓言故事。现在请根据下图提示,讲述司马光砸缸的故事 （Sima Guang hit the tank）并发表你对该故事的看法。 要求：1.文章须包括所有图画内容,可适当发挥,使全文连贯; 2.文中不得出现真实的姓名或校名; 3.词数不少于80。 参考词汇：hide-and-seek捉迷藏 frightened害怕的 run for help跑去求助 think over仔细考虑 审主题：讲故事 审体裁：记叙文 审人称：以第三人称为主 审时态：以一般过去时为主 审要点：故事发生的时间、地点、人物及事件发生的起 因、经过和结果、你的看法 开头句 Long ago, there was a boy called Sima Guang.很久以前,有一个叫司马光的男孩。 Once upon a time, there was a smart boy named Sima Guang.从前,有一个叫司马光的聪明男孩。 中间句 1.起因 One day, Sima Guang and his friends played in the yard.一天,司马光和他的朋友们在院子里玩耍。 Suddenly, one of his friends fell into a big tank full of water.突然,他的一个朋友掉进了一个装满水的缸里。 2.经过 The other children were very scared. But Sima Guang was calm.其他孩子非常害怕。但是司马光很冷静。 Some children were so frightened that they started to cry.一些孩子很害怕,开始哭了起来。 Some children ran for help.一些孩子跑去寻求帮助。 Sima Guang was calm and he thought it over.司马光很冷静,他仔细考虑。 Sima Guang quickly had an idea.司马光很快想出了一个主意。 3.结果 He picked up a big stone and hit/threw at the tank.他捡起一块大石头并砸向/扔向水缸。 The tank broke and the water ran out.水缸破了,水流了出来。 Sima Guang saved the boy’s life.司马光救了那个男孩的命。 结尾句 Sima Guang’s quick thinking is worth learning.司马光思维敏捷,值得学习。 We should learn from Sima Guang: Be calm and brave when in trouble.我们应该向司马光学习：遇到麻烦时要沉着、勇敢。 Sima Guang hit the tank Once upon a time, there was a smart boy named Sima Guang. One day, he and his friends played in the yard. Suddenly, a boy fell into a big tank full of water. A child shouted, “Oh dear, our friend falls into the tank! ”The other children were too frightened to do anything. But Sima Guang was very calm. He quickly said, “Don’t worry. We have to think of a way to save him!” The other children asked, “Then what shall we do?” Sima Guang answered, “I have an idea. We can save him by breaking the tank!” He picked up a big stone and threw it at the tank. Bang! The tank broke and the water ran out. Sima Guang saved the boy’s life. Sima Guang’s quick thinking is worth learning. The story teaches us a good lesson for life: be calm and brave when in trouble. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$