内容正文:
词法 03 — 代词
1.掌握人称代词的用法
2.掌握物主代词的用法
3.掌握指示代词的用法
4.掌握不定代词的用法
5.掌握反身代词的用法
6.掌握疑问代词的用法
学习目标
代词的分类
人称代词
物主代词
指示代词
反身代词
疑问代词
不定代词
思维导图
代词的含义&分类
代词是代替名词以及代替起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。
如:—Mary, is this your bag?
玛丽,这是你的包吗?
—No, it isn't.
不,它不是我的。(it代替the bag)
代词的含义:
代词的分类
代词根据其意思和用法可分为:
人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。
人称代词
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
主格 I we you you he she it they
宾格 me us you you him her it them
物主代词
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
形容词性物主代词 my our your your his her its their
名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs
指示代词
指示代词 数 用法
this / that 单数 后面接动词的单数形式
these / those 复数 后面接动词的复数形式
反身代词
人称 单数 复数
第一人称 myself ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 himself
herself
itself themselves
不定人称 oneself
疑问代词
疑问代词 意义 替代范围
who 谁 人
whom 谁 人
whose 谁的 人
what 什么 事、物
which 哪一个 人、事、物
复合不定代词
分类 some- any- no- every-
指人 somebody
(某人) anybody
(任何人) nobody
(没有人) everybody
(每人)
someone
(某人) anyone
(任何人) no one
(没有人) everyone
(每人)
指物 something
(某事物;某种东西) anything
(任何事物;任何东西) nothing
(没有什么;没有一件东西) everything
(一切;每件事;所有事物)
代词的用法
人称代词
人称代词是指直接指代人或者事物的代词,分为主格和宾格。
人称代词
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
主格 I we you you he she it they
宾格 me us you you him her it them
①主格作主语
例:I am Chinese. 我是中国人。
②宾格作宾语,用于及物动词或介词之后
例:I don't know her. 我不认识她。
人称代词
人称代词
She is a lovely girl. Her parents love her.
He is eleven years old. His brother Tom lives with him.
You are so clever! Our teacher likes you so much.
It is a beautiful bike. Let's ride it.
人称代词
人称代词主宾格,作用不同莫用错
主格动词前做主,动词介词后宾格
You和it主宾同,其他主宾须分清
主格
(主语)
宾格
(宾语)
人称代词
(1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为231
第二人称-第三人称-第一人称
即you and I; he/she/it and I; you, he/she/it and I.
(2)复数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为123
第一人称-第二人称-第三人称
即: we and you; you and they; we, you and they.
知识拓展: it 的用法
1. 代表性别不明的婴儿或动物。
例:It is a lovely baby. 宝宝真可爱。
2. 代替不确定的人或事物。
例: -- Who it is?谁呀?(敲门的人)
-- It is me. 是我。
it 用法拓展
4. 用来表示时间、距离、天气和自然现象等。
例:It’s very cold and it snows outside.
天气很冷, 而且外面在下雪。
it 用法拓展
5. 在固定句式:It be adj. (for/of sb.) to do sth.中
代替-to do不定式,在句中作形式主语。
例: It is difficult for me to move such a heavy box by myself.
我一个人很难搬动这么重的箱子。
It is kind of you to help us.
你帮助我们真是太好了。
it 用法拓展
人称代词和be动词的搭配
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
主格 I we you you he she it they
be动词 am are are are is is is are
缩写:
I am =I'm We are = We're You are = You're
He is = He's She is=She's It is = It's
They are = They're
物主代词
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。
物主代词
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
形容词性物主代词 my our your your his her its their
名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs
人称代词 & 物主代词
1.形容词性物主代词后面常接名词,一般不单独使用。
His parents are both office workers.
My name is Jack.
物主代词的用法
2.名词性物主代词后面不需要加名词,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”
My idea is quite different from hers.
3.名词性物主代词可与of连用,表示部分概念或带有一定的感情色彩。
He is a friend of mine.
物主代词的用法
注意:形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词
my + n. = mine 我的
your + n. = yours你的
his + n. = his他的
her + n. = hers她的
its + n. = its它的
物主代词的用法
Show Time
1. The boy is waiting for ______ (he) mother.
2. The little baby has to take care of himself, because ______ (she) father is fixing all ______ (he) attention on ______ (he) smartphone.
3. The dog is enjoying ______ (it) food.
4. This isn’t Tom’s coat. ______ (he) is blue.
5. Hello, anybody else? Help ______ (I)!
his
her
his
his
its
His
me
6. I really can’t stand ______ (he) smoking.
7. The boy said they would have a party the next day, and ______ (they) parents would be invited.
8. Is this ______ (you) book?
9. Tom is a friend of ______ (I).
10. All of ______ (we) have ______ (we) own books.
his/him
their
your
mine
us
our
11. Our teacher told us that we could ask ______ (she) for help if we have any problem.
12. ______ (I) book is lost. I can’t find it anywhere.
13. John shared ______ (he) book with his friend.
14. You should apologize for ______ (you) mistake.
15. I really can’t believe ______ (I) ears!
her
My
his
your
my
指示代词
指示代词
指示代词是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词,或用来代替前面已提到过的名词。
指示代词的功能和代词、定冠词、人称代词一样,具有特指含义,及谈话双方在使用指示代词的时候,两人都明白其所指为何。
指示代词的分类
指示代词 数 用法
this / that 单数 后面接动词的单数形式
these / those 复数 后面接动词的复数形式
1. 距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用that。
如:This is a flower.这是一朵花。(近处)
That is a tree.那是一棵树。(远处)
2. 放在一起的两样东西,先说this,后说that。
如:This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。
That is a pencil.那是一支铅笔。
this 与 that 的用法
(1) this/these
①近指。
This is my pen.These are my books.
②指下文要提到的事。
Please remember this: No pains, no gains.
指示代词的用法
(2) that/those
①远指。
That's her bike.
②指前面(上文)刚刚提到过的事。
He was ill. That was why he didn't go to school.
指示代词的用法
注意:打电话时用 this 介绍自己,that 询问对方。
This is Mike speaking.
Who's that?
指示代词的用法
this 和 that 的区别
① this 指代近处的单数事物
例如:This is a hamster. 这是一只仓鼠。
②that 指代远处的单数事物
例如:That is a rabbit. 那是一只兔子。
指示代词的区别
these 和 those 区别
1)these 是 this 的复数形式,意为“这些” ,指代近处的复数事物。
例: These are my dogs. 这些是我的狗狗。
2)those 是 that 的复数形式,意为“那些”,指代远处的复数事物。
例: Those are my mother's books. 那些是我妈妈的书。
指示代词的区别
反身代词
反身代词
反身代词是一种表示反身或强调的代词。
它的基本含义是:通过反身代词指代主语,使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此,反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性质、数上保持一致。
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself herself itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
反身代词
反身代词,多用于主语之后或句尾,以表示强调,或用于固定短语中。
He himself is a worker. 他自己就是一个工人。
He taught himself. 他自己教的自己(他是自学的。)
I can manage it by myself. 我自己应付的来。
反身代词的搭配
动词之后:dress oneself 自己穿衣服
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
lose oneself (in) 沉迷于;专心致志于
teach oneself (=learn by oneself)自学
介词之后:keep… to oneself 保守秘密
for oneself 为自己
believe in oneself 相信某人自己
by oneself (=on one’s own)独自,亲自
疑问代词
疑问代词
疑问代词是用于表示疑问并帮助构成特殊疑问句的代词。
常见的疑问代词有what,which,who,whose,whom等,其中 who,whose,whom用来指人,what,which多用来指物。
疑问代词 意义 替代范围
who 谁 人
whom 谁 人
whose 谁的 人
what 什么 事、物
which 哪一个 人、事、物
疑问代词
疑问代词是用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词。 一般放句首。
疑问代词
① what用于对事或物提问,意思是“什么”。如:
What do you want? 你想要点什么?
What day is it today? 今天星期几?
疑问代词
② who 用于对人的提问,意思是“谁”。如:
Who is standing over there? 谁站在那里?
Who would like to go with me? 谁愿意跟我一起去?
疑问代词
③ whose 表示所属关系,意思是“谁的”。
Whose bikes are these? 这些自行车是谁的?
Whose books are over there? 那些书是谁的?
疑问代词
④ whom是who的宾格,意思是“谁”。如:
Whom do you like best?你最喜欢谁?
Whom do they like to go with?他们想和谁一起去?
疑问代词
⑤ which可用于对人或事、物进行提问,意思是“哪一个”。如:
Which one is your sister?哪个是你的姐姐?
Which do you like,tea or coffee?你喜欢喝茶还是咖啡?
疑问代词
注意:比较下面两句话:
What sport do you like best? 你最喜欢什么运动?
Which sport do you like best? 你最喜欢哪一项运动?
what是询问未知的事物,which 询问的内容是在已知的范围内。
不定代词
辨析 each every
不同点 强调个体 强调整体
指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个” 指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”
作主语、宾语、定语和同位语,可单独使用 作定语,不可单独使用
可与of搭配 不可与of搭配
each 与 every
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语法五 考点3 不定代词
辨析 each every
相同点 “every/each+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Every tourist ①____________(think) Qingxiu Mountain is crowded, but each of them has a good time there.
虽然每个游客都觉得青秀山拥挤,但是他们每个人在那儿都玩得很开心。
thinks
each 与 every
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语法五 考点3 不定代词
辨析 不同点 相同点
some 多用于肯定句中,也可用在表示“建议”或“请求”的疑问句中,表示说话人期望得到肯定回答。 ①作形容词,均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词,表示“一些”,即不确定的数量、数目。
②作代词,均可单独使用,或与of搭配。
any 多用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。用在肯定句中表示“任何一个/些”。
There isn’t ②________ juice in the fridge.
Would you like ③_______ milk instead?
冰箱里没有果汁了。你想要一些牛奶来代替吗?
any
some
some 与 any
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语法五 考点3 不定代词
辨析 不同点 相同点
many 指代或修饰可数名词复数 都意为“许多”,可在句中作主语、宾语和定语
much 指代或修饰不可数名词
There are ④____________ places of interest in this city, but I don’t have ⑤____________ time to visit them all.
这座城市有很多名胜古迹,但我没有太多时间去全部参观。
many
much
many 与 much
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语法五 考点3 不定代词
辨析 用法 用法 意思
a little 表“肯定” 指代或修饰不可数名词 少数,少量
little 表“肯定” 指代或修饰不可数名词 几乎没有
a few 表“肯定” 指代或修饰可数名词复数 少数,少量
few 表“肯定” 指代或修饰可数名词复数 几乎没有
a little, little, a few, few
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语法五 考点3 不定代词
He has ______friends here, and he feels lonely.
他这里没朋友,他感觉孤单。
There are _______eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。
There is ________ink in my bottle, can you give me _______ ink ?
我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗?
a little, little, a few, few
few
a few
little
a little
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语法五 考点3 不定代词
both, either, neither, all, none
both 意为“两者都”,用于两者之间,可以和and搭配,both..and...表示“ 和 都”。是both的完全否定形式,表示“两个都不”。
either 可以和 or 搭配,either or 表示“或者 或者 ;要么 要么…”
neither 可以和 nor 搭配 neither...nor...表示“....都不”
表示“两个人或物中的任何一个”。
all 意为“全部”,用于三者或三者以上的人或物。
是all的完全否定形式,意为“没有一个”。
none 是all的完全否定形式,意为“没有一个”。
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语法五 考点3 不定代词
辨析 意义 用法
other 表示“另外的;其他的” 后面常接可数名词复数。 each other彼此
others 泛指其他的人或物 相当于“other+可数名词复数”。
some… others… 一些……另一些……
the other 指两者中的另一个 one… the other… (两者中的)一个……另一个……
the others 特指一定范围内剩下的所有人或物 相当于“the other+可数名词复数”。
another 指三者或三者以上中的另一个 可单独使用,也可接可数名词单数。
other, others, the other, the others, another
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语法五 考点3 不定代词
Besides eating zongzi, there are ____________ ways to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival. Could you think of another way?
除了吃粽子,还有其他庆祝端午节的方式。你能想到另一种方式吗?
Some students are playing basketball while ____________ are playing football.
一些学生在打篮球,而另外一些学生在踢足球。
There are two desks in the room. One is pink, and the other is blue.
房间里有两张桌子。一张桌子是粉色的,而另外一张桌子是蓝色的。
other
others
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语法五 考点3 不定代词
分类 some- any- no- every-
指人 somebody
(某人) anybody
(任何人) nobody
(没有人) everybody
(每人)
someone
(某人) anyone
(任何人) no one
(没有人) everyone
(每人)
指物 something
(某事物;某种东西) anything
(任何事物;任何东西) nothing
(没有什么;没有一件东西) everything
(一切;每件事;所有事物)
复合不定代词
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语法五 考点3 不定代词
复合不定代词的用法
复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,应放在复合不定代词之后。
Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.
只要你用心去做,没有什么是不可能的。
I have ⑧_________ _________ to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。
something important
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语法五 考点3 不定代词
含复合不定代词的常用句型
There is something/nothing wrong with.. ......出问题了/没有问题
There is nothing to+动词原形没有什么要……
have something/nothing to do with... 和……有关/无关
sb. can do nothing but+动词原形某人什么都不能做,只能……
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语法五 考点3 不定代词
课后练习
按要求写单词。
1. we(单数) _________
2. my(复数) ________
3. those(对应词)_________
4. he(名词性物主代词)_________
5. her(主格)_________
6. your(反身代词)_________
I
our
these
his
she
yourself/yourselves
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.这是一辆汽车。
_______ is a car.
2. 那是一辆自行车吗?
_______ ______ a bike?
3,这些苹果是绿色的,而那些苹果是红色的。
_______ apples are green, but ________ are red.
This
Is
that
These
those
4.-—你是谁?——你是南希吗?
_______ are you?
_______ ______ Nancy?
5. 请这边走。
_______ way, please.
6,那是我的学校,我非常喜欢它。
______ is _______ school, and_____ like it very much.
Who
Are you
This
That
my
I
7,这支钢笔是她的。
The pen is _________.
8. (打电话)喂,我是汤姆,你是大卫吗?
Hello, this is Tom. Is ________ David?
9,我们应该独立做家庭作业。
We should do our homework by _________.
10. 你能帮助他们吗?
Can you help __________?
hers
that
ourselves
them
用括号内所给代词的适当形式填空。
1. This is not your book. It is _______ (my).
2. —Is that ________ (you) computer? —No, it is _______ (she).
3. I made it by _______ (my).
4. You can speak to _______ (he).
5. Rabbits are white and lovely. ______ like jumping and running. Do you like ________ (they)?
mine
your
hers
myself
her
They
them
用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
6.—Mike, are these ________(we) storybooks?
—Yes, they're ________(we).
7. The girl behind _______(I) is my friend.
8. Let ______(we) go to the park.
9. I have a cat. _________(It) name is Mimi.
10. It's a tiger. Don't touch______(it). It's dangerous.
our
ours
me
us
Its
it
选用some和any填空。
1. Did you buy ___________ pumpkin lanterns?
2. There are _________ candles on the cake.
3. There isn't _______water in the bottle.
4. ________ students can answer this question.
5. Can I have _______ milk?
6. I have _________ good news for you.
7. Would you like_______ bananas?
8. She did________exercises yesterday..
any
some
any
Some
some
some
some
some
把下列字母重新组成疑问词,并把它们填入句子中。
cwih woh oeshw wyh hawt
1.________ is your name?—I'm Mary.
2. ________ one do you like?—The white one.
3._______ is the girl?—My sister.
4._______ football is this?-Sorry, I don't know.
5. _______do you like winter? Because I can ice-sk ate.
What
Which
Who
Whose
Why
用正确的物主代词填空。
1. This is my book. It's _______ .
2. That is ________ pencil. It's yours.
3. That beautiful dress is Mary's. It's _______.
4. I think the dirty football is Mike's. _______ is always dirty.
5. These new books aren't ours. They're John's and Amy's. __________ are new.
mine
hers
your
His
Theirs
选词填空基础练
anything another both few many
1. This room is too small so I’d like to ask for __________.
2. I didn’t want to say ___________ without actually reading the letter first.
3. The boy is so careful that he makes ______ grammar mistakes in the test.
4. Although Lisa hasn’t been in this school long, she has already made _______ friends here.
5. The town is getting more and more beautiful with many flowers on _______ sides of the streets.
another
anything
few
many
both
领跑中考 · 英语(广西)
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语法五 考点3 不定代词
someone every either other none
6. Jack made a number of kites, but _______of them can fly in the sky.
7. Yesterday, on my way home, I heard __________ playing the violin in the park.
8. Because of the coach’s instruction and Lucy’s hard work, she was ahead of ________ players.
9. As middle school students, ________ one of us should do some sports every day to keep healthy.
10. You’re free to take _________ of the two books about Chinese silk culture and leave one for me.
none
someone
other
every
either
领跑中考 · 英语(广西)
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语法五 考点3 不定代词
课堂总结
Summary
Thank you !
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