专题8 非谓语动词（考点精讲）-【中职专用】2025年技能高考英语二轮复习专项突破（湖北专用）

专题08:非谓语动词 考点分析 考点分析 区分谓语动词和非谓语动词，能辨识用非谓语动词短语充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，正确运用非谓语动词短语的三种形式。考察不定式和动名词的特殊句型及现在分词与过去分词的差别 考点 1. 掌握三种非谓语动词短语的肯定和否定构成及用法 2. 掌握三种非谓语动词短语一般式的含义和 区别 备考方法 难点是作状语时，要分析与主句主语的关系，作定语时要分析与先行词的关系，并正确运用。方法是多做练习， 多分析，把握要领。利用口诀，记忆常用不定式和动名词的谓语动词，牢记特殊句型，多做练习 考试题型 单项选择题、完形填空 考点精讲 一、概述：非谓语动词，顾名思义就是不能作谓语的动词，它在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语或表语。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。 二、 不定式 (一)不定式的时态和语态 语态 一般式 进行式 完成式 主动 to do to be doing to have done 被动 to be done to have been done (二)不定式的句法功能 不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的性质，可以担当除谓语之外的其他任何成分，即在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1.作主语 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟内完成工作是非常困难的。 To lose heart means failure. 失去信心意味着失败。 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟内完成工作是非常困难的。 It means failure to lose heart. 失去信心意味着失败。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 2.作表语 Her job is to teach English. 她的工作是教英语。 He appears to have caught a cold. 他看起来已经感冒了。 3.作宾语 He pretended to be reading when I came in. 当我进来的时候，他假装正在看书。 What do you plan to do? 你计划做什么? We found it important to learn English well. 我们发现学好英语是非常重要的。 下列动词一般用不定式作宾语： 决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 want / would like to do sth.想做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 afford to do 负担得起 be used to do 被用来做 can't wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事 make up one's mind to do下决心做某事 used to do 过去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事 4.作宾语补足语 接带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词： 请求与命令 ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 promise sb. to do sth. 答应某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 help sb.(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 We expect you to stay with us. 我们期望你和我们待在一块儿。 Please ask him to clean the classroom. 请让他打扫教室。 接不带 to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词： ①使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让五看。 feel/ hear, listen to/ let, make, have/ look at, see, watch, notice, observe ②help sb.(to) do sth. see sb. doing/ do sth. hear sb. doing/ do sth. watch sb. doing/ do sth. notice sb. doing/ do sth. 注意：1.被动语态中不能省去 to。 2. 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel+ do 表示动作的完整性, + doing 表示动作的进行性 I saw him cross the road. 我看见他穿过了马路。 He was seen to cross the road. 他被看见穿过马路。 5.作定语 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。 I have a meeting to attend.(不定式与修饰词是动宾关系) 我有一个会议要参加。 He has many things to do. 他有许多事情要做。 He is looking for a room to live in. 他正在寻找一个房间住。 6.作状语。 ①表目的。 He worked day and night to get the money. 他为了挣钱夜以继日地工作。 To save money, every means has been tried. (×) To save money, he has tried every means. (✔) To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. (×) To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. (✔) ②表结果。 He arrived late to find the train gone. 他来迟了，结果发现火车离开了。 ③表原因。 They were very sad to hear the news. 听到这个消息他们非常悲伤。 这种结构中常用的形容词有 happy, glad, delighted (高兴的), pleased, sorry, eager (渴望的), anxious(焦虑的), lucky, proud (自豪的), angry, surprised, frightened (惊吓的), disappointed (失望的), ready, clever, foolish (愚蠢的) 等。 ④表程度。 It's too dark for us to see anything. 对我们来说太黑暗了，什么也看不见。 The question is simple for him to answer. 对他来说，回答这个问题是非常简单的。 The chair is hard to sit on. 这个椅子坐起来很硬。 The workers are easy to get along with. 这些工人很容易相处。 (三)不定式的特殊句型 1. too+ adj./ adv.+ to do sth.意为“太……而不能做……”。 The boy is still too young to go to school. 小男孩还不到上学年龄。 2. adj./ adv.+ enough to do sth.意为“足够……而能够做……”。 A word is enough to the wise. 对明智者一言已足。 3. so as to do sth.意为“为了……”,不能用于句首,其否定形式为 so as not to do sth.。 He studies hard so as to enter a good university. 他为了上一个好大学而努力学习。 4. in order to do sth.意为“为了做……”,可以放在句首,也可以放在句中,其否定形式为 in order not to do sth.。 In order to finish homework on time, he stays up late every day. 为了按时完成作业，他每天都熬夜。 5. so+ adj./ adv.+ as to do sth.意为“以便……”,不能用于句首。 He ran so quickly as to catch the last bus. 为了赶上最后一班公交车他跑得很快。 6. only to do sth.表示与预期相反的结果,意为“却……,反而……”。 She got home only to learn that her grandfather was ill.她到家后却得知她的祖父病了。 7. Why not do sth.? 表示提建议,意为“为什么不做……?” Why not go swimming? 为什么不去游泳呢? (四)不定式的否定式 不定式的否定形式是在 to 前加 not。 My mother told me not to watch TV. 我母亲告诉我不要看电视。 Please tell him not to be late for the meeting. 请告诉他开会不要迟到。 (五)“疑问词+不定式”结构 “疑问词 who、what、which、when、where、how等+不定式”在句中起名词作用,可作主语、表语、宾语等。 What to eat next has not been decided. 接下来吃什么还没有决定。 I didn't know what to say. 我不知道说什么。 (六)不定式的省略 不定式结构中常常可以省略 to后面的内容，仅保留 to。 He wanted to go skiing that afternoon, but his mother told him not to.那天下午他想去滑雪，但是他母亲告诉他不要去。 三、动名词 (一)动名词的时态和语态 语态 一般式 完成式 主动 doing having done 被动 being done having been done (二)动名词的句法功能 动名词具有名词的性质，在句中充当主语、表语和宾语等。 (1) 作主语。 Finding work is very difficult these days. 现在找工作可不容易。 ①当动名词短语作主语时常用 it 作形式主语。 结构: It's no use (no good/ no harm/ useless / no fun/a waste of time...) doing... It's no use quarreling. 争吵是没有用的。 ②动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示泛指动作，不定式作主语表示将来的或具体的一次动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous.(泛指玩火) To play with fire will be dangerous. (指一次具体的动作) (2) 作表语。 My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜爱的运动是游泳。 His job is looking after the baby. 他的工作是照看这个婴儿。 (3) 作定语。 He can't walk without a walking stick. 没有拐杖他不能走路。 (4) 作宾语。 ①作及物动词的宾语。 只能接-ing作宾语的动词： 喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 错过建议保持介意值得考虑 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 spend... doing sth. 花费……做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做…… imagine (sb.) doing sth. 想象……做某事 can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 miss doing sth. 错过做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 keep(on) doing sth. 保持 (继续)做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 Would you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗? They are busy doing their homework. 他们忙于做他们的作业。 以下固定短语中要用动名词作宾语： be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣 be busy doing 忙于…… be fond of doing 喜欢…… be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事 be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 insist on doing 坚持做某事 have difficulty/ trouble in 有困难/麻烦 feel like doing 想要…… put off doing 推迟做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 set about doing 着手…… succeed in 成功…… spend...(in) doing sth. 花费……做某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 think about doing sth. 考虑做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事 What/ How about doing 做某事怎么样? without doing sth. 没有做某事 “此 to”非“彼 to”(“此 to”是指作为介词的 to, 后跟 v.-ing形式, “彼 to”是指 to do 不定式中的 to) look forward to doing sth. 盼望 pay attention to doing sth. 注意 be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于 prefer doing sth to doing sth.更喜欢 devote oneself to doing sth 致力于 make a contribution to doing 做贡献 I have caught a cold and I don't feel like eating anything. 我感冒了，不想吃任何东西。 We are looking forward to hearing from you. 我们期望收到你的来信。 You'd better not spend too much time playing computer games. 你最好不要在玩电脑游戏上花费太多的时间。 ②作介词的宾语。 介词后如需要非谓语动词作宾语，要用 v.-ing形式。 We can't help crying after hearing the sad news. 听到这个坏消息后我们禁不住哭了。 Whenever you come across new words in your reading, look them up in the dictionary. 每当你在阅读中遇到生词的时候，查一下字典。 Nothing can be learned without giving time and effort to it. 不花时间和力气，什么事情都学不会。 特别提醒： 以下动词用动名词作宾语和用不定式作宾语意义不同。 forget to do sth. (忘记要做某事) forget doing sth. (忘记做过某事) remember to do sth. (记住要做某事) remember doing sth. (记得做过某事) mean to do sth. (打算做某事) mean doing sth. (意味着做某事) stop to do sth. (停下来去做另外一件事情) stop doing sth. (停止正在做的事情) try to do sth. (竭尽全力做某事) try doing sth. (尝试做某事) regret to do sth. (很遗憾做某事) regret doing sth. (后悔做了某事) go on to do sth. (继续做另外一件事情) go on doing sth. (继续做同一件事情) can't help to do sth. (不能帮助做某事) can't help doing sth. (情不自禁地做某事) used to do sth. (过去常常做某事) be/ get used to doing sth. (习惯做某事) (5) 作定语。 单独的动词的-ing形式作定语修饰名词时前置；动词-ing形式短语作定语修饰名词时后置。 In the following years he worked even harder. 在接下来的几年里，他更加努力工作。 The woman coming to dinner this evening is a friend of my mother's. 今天晚上来吃饭的那位女士是我母亲的一个朋友。 3.动名词的否定形式 动名词的否定形式是在动名词前直接加 not。 I regret not following his advice. 我很后悔没有听从他的建议。 4.动名词的复合结构 构成：物主代词/名词所有格+动名词 His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他造成很大的麻烦。 I don't mind his smoking here. 我不介意他在这儿吸烟。 四、分词 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词一般由“动词原形·+-ing”构成。规则动词的过去分词与过去式同形，一般由“动词原形+-ed”构成。不规则动词的过去分词的构成因词而异。现在分词和过去分词在句中可作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 (一)现在分词的时态和语态 一般式的主动语态用 doing,被动语态用 being done。 完成式的主动语态用 having done,被动语态用 having been done 【注意】 过去分词只有一般式。 (二)现在分词和过去分词的区别 1.语态不同 现在分词表示主动的意义，由及物动词转变而来的过去分词，表示被动的意义。 I saw someone opening the window. 我看见有人开窗户。(主动) I saw the window opened. 我看见窗户被打开了。(被动) 2.时态不同 现在分词表示一个正在进行的动作，过去分词表示一个已经完成的动作。 The situation is changing gradually. 情况在逐渐变化着。(进行) We must adapt our thinking to the changed situation. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。(完成) 3.特性与状态不同 在特性与状态上，现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或代词(指物)的特性；过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或代词(指人)的状态。 The news is interesting.这个消息很有趣。(物的特性) We are all interested to hear the news. 我们听了这个消息都感到很有趣。(人的状态) (三)分词的句法功能 1.作定语 单个分词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语时一般放在被修饰词之后。 In the following years he studied even harder. 在接下来的几年里,他学习更努力了。 Most of the people invited to the party didn't come. 被邀请参加聚会的人大多数都没来。 2.作表语 This book is more interesting than any that I' ve ever read. 这本书比我所读过的任何一本都更有趣。 3.作宾语补足语 I saw some children watching TV. 我看到一些儿童正在看电视。 Have you got your car repaired? 你已经修过你的车了吗? I saw him get on the bus just now. 我刚才看见他上了公交车。 I saw him getting on the bus. 我看见他正上公交车。 4.作状语 现在分词(短语)作状语，用来进一步说明谓语动词或整个句子的动作或状态，过去分词(短语)在句中作状语，可以用来进一步说明谓语动词的动作，也可以说明整个句子，表示动作的被动和完成。 (1)时间状语 Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. 听到这个消息,他们都高兴地跳了起来。 Asked about his address, the boy didn't respond. 当问及他的地址时,男孩儿没有作答。 (2)原因状语 Having no money, I couldn't buy it. 因为没有钱,所以我无法买它。 Influenced by his example, the students worked harder. 在他的事迹影响下,学生们学习更加努力了。 (3)条件状语 Given more money, I can finish the work alone. 如果给我更多的金钱,我可以独立完成那份工作。 (4)伴随状语 They went home, crying and moaning. 他们悲吟哭泣着回家了。 (四)分词的否定式 现在分词和过去分词的否定形式是在其前加 not。 Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.因为没有收到他的来信,所以我给他打了一个电话。 【典型例题】 例1. On the Tomb-sweeping Day of this year, most of us sent flowers online the dead heroes. A. honor B. to honor C. honoring D. honored 例2. Alan, stop noise. Your grandfather is sleeping. A. making B. to make C. make D. made 例3.— Look! There is a boy basketball over there. — Let's go and play with him! A. play B. playing C. to play D. played 例4. Smartphones by Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world. A. made B. making C. to make D. makes 例5. Our teacher asked us questions in groups when we were in primary school. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题08:非谓语动词 考点分析 考点分析 区分谓语动词和非谓语动词，能辨识用非谓语动词短语充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，正确运用非谓语动词短语的三种形式。考察不定式和动名词的特殊句型及现在分词与过去分词的差别 考点 1. 掌握三种非谓语动词短语的肯定和否定构成及用法 2. 掌握三种非谓语动词短语一般式的含义和 区别 备考方法 难点是作状语时，要分析与主句主语的关系，作定语时要分析与先行词的关系，并正确运用。方法是多做练习， 多分析，把握要领。利用口诀，记忆常用不定式和动名词的谓语动词，牢记特殊句型，多做练习 考试题型 单项选择题、完形填空 考点精讲 一、概述：非谓语动词，顾名思义就是不能作谓语的动词，它在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语或表语。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。 二、 不定式 (一)不定式的时态和语态 语态 一般式 进行式 完成式 主动 to do to be doing to have done 被动 to be done to have been done (二)不定式的句法功能 不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的性质，可以担当除谓语之外的其他任何成分，即在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1.作主语 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟内完成工作是非常困难的。 To lose heart means failure. 失去信心意味着失败。 注意：动词不定式短语作主语时，常用 it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后。但当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用形式主语代替动词不定式。 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟内完成工作是非常困难的。 It means failure to lose heart. 失去信心意味着失败。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 2.作表语 Her job is to teach English. 她的工作是教英语。 He appears to have caught a cold. 他看起来已经感冒了。 3.作宾语 He pretended to be reading when I came in. 当我进来的时候，他假装正在看书。 What do you plan to do? 你计划做什么? We found it important to learn English well. 我们发现学好英语是非常重要的。 下列动词一般用不定式作宾语： 决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 want / would like to do sth.想做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 afford to do 负担得起 be used to do 被用来做 can't wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事 make up one's mind to do下决心做某事 used to do 过去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事 4.作宾语补足语 接带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词： 请求与命令 ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 promise sb. to do sth. 答应某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 help sb.(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 We expect you to stay with us. 我们期望你和我们待在一块儿。 Please ask him to clean the classroom. 请让他打扫教室。 接不带 to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词： ①使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让五看。 feel/ hear, listen to/ let, make, have/ look at, see, watch, notice, observe ②help sb.(to) do sth. see sb. doing/ do sth. hear sb. doing/ do sth. watch sb. doing/ do sth. notice sb. doing/ do sth. 注意：1.被动语态中不能省去 to。 2. 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel+ do 表示动作的完整性, + doing 表示动作的进行性 I saw him cross the road. 我看见他穿过了马路。 He was seen to cross the road. 他被看见穿过马路。 5.作定语 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。 I have a meeting to attend.(不定式与修饰词是动宾关系) 我有一个会议要参加。 He has many things to do. 他有许多事情要做。 He is looking for a room to live in. 他正在寻找一个房间住。 6.作状语。 ①表目的。 He worked day and night to get the money. 他为了挣钱夜以继日地工作。 注意：不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致. To save money, every means has been tried. (×) To save money, he has tried every means. (✔) To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. (×) To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. (✔) ②表结果。 He arrived late to find the train gone. 他来迟了，结果发现火车离开了。 ③表原因。 They were very sad to hear the news. 听到这个消息他们非常悲伤。 这种结构中常用的形容词有 happy, glad, delighted (高兴的), pleased, sorry, eager (渴望的), anxious(焦虑的), lucky, proud (自豪的), angry, surprised, frightened (惊吓的), disappointed (失望的), ready, clever, foolish (愚蠢的) 等。 ④表程度。 It's too dark for us to see anything. 对我们来说太黑暗了，什么也看不见。 The question is simple for him to answer. 对他来说，回答这个问题是非常简单的。 The chair is hard to sit on. 这个椅子坐起来很硬。 The workers are easy to get along with. 这些工人很容易相处。 (三)不定式的特殊句型 1. too+ adj./ adv.+ to do sth.意为“太……而不能做……”。 The boy is still too young to go to school. 小男孩还不到上学年龄。 2. adj./ adv.+ enough to do sth.意为“足够……而能够做……”。 A word is enough to the wise. 对明智者一言已足。 3. so as to do sth.意为“为了……”,不能用于句首,其否定形式为 so as not to do sth.。 He studies hard so as to enter a good university. 他为了上一个好大学而努力学习。 4. in order to do sth.意为“为了做……”,可以放在句首,也可以放在句中,其否定形式为 in order not to do sth.。 In order to finish homework on time, he stays up late every day. 为了按时完成作业，他每天都熬夜。 5. so+ adj./ adv.+ as to do sth.意为“以便……”,不能用于句首。 He ran so quickly as to catch the last bus. 为了赶上最后一班公交车他跑得很快。 6. only to do sth.表示与预期相反的结果,意为“却……,反而……”。 She got home only to learn that her grandfather was ill.她到家后却得知她的祖父病了。 7. Why not do sth.? 表示提建议,意为“为什么不做……?” Why not go swimming? 为什么不去游泳呢? (四)不定式的否定式 不定式的否定形式是在 to 前加 not。 My mother told me not to watch TV. 我母亲告诉我不要看电视。 Please tell him not to be late for the meeting. 请告诉他开会不要迟到。 (五)“疑问词+不定式”结构 “疑问词 who、what、which、when、where、how等+不定式”在句中起名词作用,可作主语、表语、宾语等。 What to eat next has not been decided. 接下来吃什么还没有决定。 I didn't know what to say. 我不知道说什么。 (六)不定式的省略 不定式结构中常常可以省略 to后面的内容，仅保留 to。 He wanted to go skiing that afternoon, but his mother told him not to.那天下午他想去滑雪，但是他母亲告诉他不要去。 三、动名词 (一)动名词的时态和语态 语态 一般式 完成式 主动 doing having done 被动 being done having been done (二)动名词的句法功能 动名词具有名词的性质，在句中充当主语、表语和宾语等。 (1) 作主语。 Finding work is very difficult these days. 现在找工作可不容易。 ①当动名词短语作主语时常用 it 作形式主语。 结构: It's no use (no good/ no harm/ useless / no fun/a waste of time...) doing... It's no use quarreling. 争吵是没有用的。 ②动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示泛指动作，不定式作主语表示将来的或具体的一次动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous.(泛指玩火) To play with fire will be dangerous. (指一次具体的动作) (2) 作表语。 My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜爱的运动是游泳。 His job is looking after the baby. 他的工作是照看这个婴儿。 (3) 作定语。 He can't walk without a walking stick. 没有拐杖他不能走路。 (4) 作宾语。 ①作及物动词的宾语。 只能接-ing作宾语的动词： 喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 错过建议保持介意值得考虑 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 spend... doing sth. 花费……做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做…… imagine (sb.) doing sth. 想象……做某事 can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 miss doing sth. 错过做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 keep(on) doing sth. 保持 (继续)做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 Would you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗? They are busy doing their homework. 他们忙于做他们的作业。 以下固定短语中要用动名词作宾语： be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣 be busy doing 忙于…… be fond of doing 喜欢…… be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事 be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 insist on doing 坚持做某事 have difficulty/ trouble in 有困难/麻烦 feel like doing 想要…… put off doing 推迟做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 set about doing 着手…… succeed in 成功…… spend...(in) doing sth. 花费……做某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 think about doing sth. 考虑做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事 What/ How about doing 做某事怎么样? without doing sth. 没有做某事 “此 to”非“彼 to”(“此 to”是指作为介词的 to, 后跟 v.-ing形式, “彼 to”是指 to do 不定式中的 to) look forward to doing sth. 盼望 pay attention to doing sth. 注意 be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于 prefer doing sth to doing sth.更喜欢 devote oneself to doing sth 致力于 make a contribution to doing 做贡献 I have caught a cold and I don't feel like eating anything. 我感冒了，不想吃任何东西。 We are looking forward to hearing from you. 我们期望收到你的来信。 You'd better not spend too much time playing computer games. 你最好不要在玩电脑游戏上花费太多的时间。 ②作介词的宾语。 介词后如需要非谓语动词作宾语，要用 v.-ing形式。 We can't help crying after hearing the sad news. 听到这个坏消息后我们禁不住哭了。 Whenever you come across new words in your reading, look them up in the dictionary. 每当你在阅读中遇到生词的时候，查一下字典。 Nothing can be learned without giving time and effort to it. 不花时间和力气，什么事情都学不会。 特别提醒： 以下动词用动名词作宾语和用不定式作宾语意义不同。 forget to do sth. (忘记要做某事) forget doing sth. (忘记做过某事) remember to do sth. (记住要做某事) remember doing sth. (记得做过某事) mean to do sth. (打算做某事) mean doing sth. (意味着做某事) stop to do sth. (停下来去做另外一件事情) stop doing sth. (停止正在做的事情) try to do sth. (竭尽全力做某事) try doing sth. (尝试做某事) regret to do sth. (很遗憾做某事) regret doing sth. (后悔做了某事) go on to do sth. (继续做另外一件事情) go on doing sth. (继续做同一件事情) can't help to do sth. (不能帮助做某事) can't help doing sth. (情不自禁地做某事) used to do sth. (过去常常做某事) be/ get used to doing sth. (习惯做某事) (5) 作定语。 单独的动词的-ing形式作定语修饰名词时前置；动词-ing形式短语作定语修饰名词时后置。 In the following years he worked even harder. 在接下来的几年里，他更加努力工作。 The woman coming to dinner this evening is a friend of my mother's. 今天晚上来吃饭的那位女士是我母亲的一个朋友。 3.动名词的否定形式 动名词的否定形式是在动名词前直接加 not。 I regret not following his advice. 我很后悔没有听从他的建议。 4.动名词的复合结构 构成：物主代词/名词所有格+动名词 His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他造成很大的麻烦。 I don't mind his smoking here. 我不介意他在这儿吸烟。 四、分词 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词一般由“动词原形·+-ing”构成。规则动词的过去分词与过去式同形，一般由“动词原形+-ed”构成。不规则动词的过去分词的构成因词而异。现在分词和过去分词在句中可作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 (一)现在分词的时态和语态 一般式的主动语态用 doing,被动语态用 being done。 完成式的主动语态用 having done,被动语态用 having been done 【注意】 过去分词只有一般式。 (二)现在分词和过去分词的区别 1.语态不同 现在分词表示主动的意义，由及物动词转变而来的过去分词，表示被动的意义。 I saw someone opening the window. 我看见有人开窗户。(主动) I saw the window opened. 我看见窗户被打开了。(被动) 2.时态不同 现在分词表示一个正在进行的动作，过去分词表示一个已经完成的动作。 The situation is changing gradually. 情况在逐渐变化着。(进行) We must adapt our thinking to the changed situation. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。(完成) 3.特性与状态不同 在特性与状态上，现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或代词(指物)的特性；过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或代词(指人)的状态。 The news is interesting.这个消息很有趣。(物的特性) We are all interested to hear the news. 我们听了这个消息都感到很有趣。(人的状态) (三)分词的句法功能 1.作定语 单个分词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语时一般放在被修饰词之后。 In the following years he studied even harder. 在接下来的几年里,他学习更努力了。 Most of the people invited to the party didn't come. 被邀请参加聚会的人大多数都没来。 2.作表语 This book is more interesting than any that I' ve ever read. 这本书比我所读过的任何一本都更有趣。 3.作宾语补足语 I saw some children watching TV. 我看到一些儿童正在看电视。 Have you got your car repaired? 你已经修过你的车了吗? 【注意】 感官动词 see、watch、notice、hear、find、feel等后用不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语时,表示动作已经完成；用现在分词作宾语补足语时，表示动作正在进行。 I saw him get on the bus just now. 我刚才看见他上了公交车。 I saw him getting on the bus. 我看见他正上公交车。 4.作状语 现在分词(短语)作状语，用来进一步说明谓语动词或整个句子的动作或状态，过去分词(短语)在句中作状语，可以用来进一步说明谓语动词的动作，也可以说明整个句子，表示动作的被动和完成。 (1)时间状语 Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. 听到这个消息,他们都高兴地跳了起来。 Asked about his address, the boy didn't respond. 当问及他的地址时,男孩儿没有作答。 (2)原因状语 Having no money, I couldn't buy it. 因为没有钱,所以我无法买它。 Influenced by his example, the students worked harder. 在他的事迹影响下,学生们学习更加努力了。 (3)条件状语 Given more money, I can finish the work alone. 如果给我更多的金钱,我可以独立完成那份工作。 (4)伴随状语 They went home, crying and moaning. 他们悲吟哭泣着回家了。 (四)分词的否定式 现在分词和过去分词的否定形式是在其前加 not。 Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.因为没有收到他的来信,所以我给他打了一个电话。 【典型例题】 例1. On the Tomb-sweeping Day of this year, most of us sent flowers online the dead heroes. A. honor B. to honor C. honoring D. honored 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在今年的清明节，我们大部分人都网上献花以纪念逝去的英雄。句中“sent”是谓语动词，因此空格处为非谓语动词；献花的目的是纪念逝去的英雄，因此可用动词不定式作目的状语，结构 to do。故选 B。 例2. Alan, stop noise. Your grandfather is sleeping. A. making B. to make C. make D. made 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：艾伦，停止吵闹。你的爷爷正在睡觉。making制造，动名词; to make制造,不定式; make制造,原形; made制造,过去式。短语 stop doing“停止做某事”, stop to do“停下来去做某事”。根据“Your grandfather is sleeping”可知,爷爷正在睡觉，要停止制造噪音。故选 A。 例3.— Look! There is a boy basketball over there. — Let's go and play with him! A. play B. playing C. to play D. played 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：—看！那边有一个男孩在打篮球。—我们去和他玩吧！There be sb. doing sth. “有某人正在做某事”,此处用现在分词 playing 作后置定语。故选 B。 例4. Smartphones by Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world. A. made B. making C. to make D. makes 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：华为生产的智能手机在世界各地越来越受欢迎。根据“by Huawei”可知，此处表示“由华为制造的智能手机”，要用过去分词作后置定语。故选 A。 例5. Our teacher asked us questions in groups when we were in primary school. A. discuss B. to discuss C. discussing D. discussed 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们上小学的时候，我们的老师让我们分组讨论问题。ask sb. to do sth. “让某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾补。故选 B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$