Unit 2 Section A Grammar Focus-4c 课件 2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级下册

a Unit 2 I’ll help up clean up the city parks. Section A Grammar Focus-4c 1 Teaching Key Points 1.Key vocabulary: homeless, raise, alone ,a good way to do, raise... for.... 2. Key sentences: a. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. b. You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. c. I’m making some signs to put up around the school. 3. Structure a. decide to do b.ask sb to do c.make some signs to do Teaching Difficult Points Grammar Focus: the usage of the infinitive. Teaching Aim At the end of the class, the students will be able to: 1. learn the use of infinitives. 2. learn to express your intentions to be a volunteer. Teaching analysis 2 put up hand out cheer up call up 【纸牌】可点击 warm up Act out the verb phrases, and others guess. 游戏,我做你猜,单词卡片形式出现,可以是翻牌,或者闪卡的形式,复习已学知识 3 What can we do to help ohters? raise money plant trees I'd like to… I can/could… I hope/want to… Pre-class Test 1. weak—strong (反义词)2. feel—feeling (名词)—felt (过去式)3. own (动词)—owner (名词)主人4. satisfaction(名词)—satisfy(动词) —satisfied(形容词) 1. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净 2. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋起来 3. give out 分发;散发 4. come up with 想出;提出 5. put off 推迟 6. hand out 分发 7. call up 打电话给(某人);征召 8. used to 曾经……;过去…… 9. care for 照顾;非常喜欢 10. try out (for) 参加…选拔;试用 11. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 12. 在……岁时 at the age of + 数字 = at age + 数字 = at + 数字 13. make a plan 制订计划 14. work for 为…工作;为…效力 15. put up 建造;举起;张贴 16. old people’s home 养老院 17. come true 实现 18. at the same time 同时 19. the look of joy 快乐的表情 Free talk If we are volunteers, we could ... ...... visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up help to clean up the street help children with their homework help the old people ... Revision Suppose(假设) today is Chinese Voluntees' Day, What could you do to offer help? Why? Grammar 1 could If we are volunteers, we could … could 语气比can更委婉,可用来表示建议,意为“可以” _ _ the parks _ _ the signs _ _ the notices _ _ old people _ _ people _ _ food clean up put up hand out cheer up call up give out Grammar Focus 1. 我想去帮助无家可归的人。 I’d _ homeless people. 2. 你可以请求医院允许你探访儿童并让他们变得更高兴。 You could _ hospitals _ you visit the kids and cheer them up. 3. 她自愿一周去那里一次帮助孩子们学习读书。 She _ there once a week _ kids learn to read. 4. 她决定参加一个志愿者课后阅读节目的选拔。 She _ try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 5. 马里奥相信这会帮助他获得他的梦想工作。 Mario believes it can help him _ his future dream job. 6. 我正在制作一些告示,并将它们张贴于学校里。 I’m making some signs _ around the school. ask to let like to help volunteers to help decided to to get to put up Grammar focus Please underline the infinitive structures. I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school. I’d like to do ask sb. to do volunteer…to do learn to do decide to do help sb. to do make…to do let sb. do help sb. do would like to do ask sb. to do volunteer to do learn to do decide to do help sb. to do to do 表目的 let sb. do help sb. do 后跟sb + 动词原形: 三看 ( see, watch, notice )、三让( let, make, have )、二听( hear, listen to )、一感觉( feel )、半个帮助(help) Grammar Focus Please underline the infinitive structures. 一、动词不定式 1.动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,通常由“to+动词原形”构成。其中 to 是动词不定式符号,在有些情况下可以省略。动词不定式的否定形式为:not to+动词原形。 e.g. Mr. Li told me to listen carefully in class. 李老师要求我上课认真听讲。 Please tell Jim not to come late next time. 请告诉吉姆下次别迟到了。 Observe and find out the common points. Mario would like to be an animal doctor. Mario works for an animal hospital because he wants to learn about how to care for animals. 3.Mary decided to try out for a job at an after-school reading program last year. She still works there now to help kids learn to read. 4.Mary has a dream job because she can do what she loves to do. Conclusion Forms of infinitives:_ to + v. (动词原形) They are all infinitives(动词不定式). What are the words in red? Presentation 1. To study hard is very important. 2. She plans to go and teach in the country. 3. The doctor told me to have a good rest. 4. His work is to clean the classroom every day. 5. I have a lot of work to do. 6. I’m sorry to hear that. 7. The soldier ran into the room to save the girl . 8. You are too young to do this job. (作主语,位于句首) (作宾语,位于动词后) It is important to study hard. (作宾补) (作表语) (作定语,修饰前面的名词) (作原因状语) (作目的状语) (作结果状语) Exercise 一、动词不定式 2.动词不定式在句中可以用作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、主语、定语、表语等,没有人称和数的变化。 功能 示例 作宾语: want、decide、hope、ask、 agree、choose、learn、plan、 need、expect、refuse 等动词后常接不定式作宾语(动词不定式符号 to 不可以省略) Tony wants to find a job as a teacher in China. 托尼想在中国找一份做老师的工作。 I decided to help the homeless people. 我决定帮助那些无家可归的人。 1. 动词 + to do(作宾语) 二、动词不定式用法 choose(选择), decide(决定), expect(期待), want(想要), would like(想要), wish(希望), hope(希望), learn(学习), plan(计划), fail(失败), prepare(准备), promise(承诺), refuse(拒绝), agree(同意), 2. be + 形容词 + to do(作原因状语) sure(确定), happy(开心), sorry(抱歉), afraid(害怕), ready(准备好) 3. .动词 + sb. + to do sth. (作宾语补足语) ask(要求), tell(告诉), want(想要), teach(教), wish(希望), invite(邀请) infinitives 一、动词不定式 功能 示例 作主语: 动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用 it 作形式主语 To give is better than to take. 奉献比索取好。 It’s necessary for us to learn English well. 对我们来说,学好英语是必要的。 作定语: 此时,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后 He is the first man to walk on the moon. 他是第一个在月球上行走的人。 4. 特殊疑问词+to do what, which, who, where, when, how to do 二、动词不定式用法 这种结构往往跟在:decide, know, ask, show, teach, guess, find out等动词(短语)后哦 He doesn't know what to do next. 他不知道接下来做什么。 Sam didn't decide where to go. 萨姆没决定去哪里。 infinitives 一、动词不定式 功能 示例 作表语: 动词不定式作表语,一般表示具体的动作或说明主语的内容、性质、特征等 Her job was to look after the sick boy. 她的工作是照顾这个生病的男孩。 His wish is to be a policeman. 他的愿望是当一名警察。 5. 特定情况 (1) 表目的(作目的状语) He left home to work in different cities. 他离开家到不同的城市工作。 (2) it is adj. for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是...的 It is important to work hard. 努力学习是重要的。 (3) it takes sb. + 一段时间 + to do sth. 做某事花费某人一段时间 It takes us two hours to finish the homework.完成作业花了我们两个小时。 (4) My job/dream/goal/aim is to do sth. My dream is to be a teacher. 我的梦想是做一个老师。 (5) 复合不定代词+ to do I want to have something to eat. 我想吃点东西。 infinitives I’d like to help homeless people. 下列不定式结构分别在句中充当什么成分? She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school. 目的状语 作宾语:主语+谓语V. + to do 作宾补:主语+谓语V.+sb.+ to 21 短语动词 (Phrasal verbs) Grammar Focus 1.For example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. 例如,我们可以制订计划去看望医院里生病的孩子或者为无家可归 的人募捐。 raise 及物动词,意为“募集;征集”。 常用搭配:raise money for“为……筹钱”。 e.g. We are raising money for the blind children. 我们正在为失明儿童募捐。 Do you know other meanings of “raise”? v. 募集(钱财);征集(人员) We are raising money for sick kids. 我们在为生病的孩子募捐。 v. 举起;抬起 The box is so heavy that I can’t raise it. 这个箱子太重,我举不起来。 v. 提高;增加 She had to raise her voice. 她不得不提高嗓门。 v. 饲养;养育 They made a living by raising horses. 他们靠养马为生。 raise 的用法 2.Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year to move to another place ... 有些人甚至停下他们的工作几个月到一年,移居到另一个地方…… stop doing sth. 表示“停止做某事”。 e.g. The two girls stopped talking when they saw me. 那两个女孩看到我就停止了说话。 辨析 stop doing sth. 指停止正在做的事情,其中动词-ing形式作宾语; stop to do sth. 指停止正在做的事情而去做另外一件事情,其中 动词不定式作目的状语。 put up hand out call up cheer up come up with give out put off 1. I want to _ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year. put off 2. She hopes to _ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs. call up 3. Our class is trying to _ some ideas to _ sick children because they are often sad. 4. We decided to _ signs around the school and _ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will _ the money from the sale to homeless people. + come up with cheer up put up hand out give out Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box. 4a be busy with... 忙于,后接名词或代词 if 引导的宾语从句,if意为“是否” 4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. help move do make visit spend Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what_ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do_ others. There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way _ our free time. For example, we can make plans_ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year _ to anotherplace,like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there to do to help to make to spend to visit to move 定语 宾语(疑问词+不定式作宾语) 目的状语 定语 目的状语 目的状语 1. 动词+副词 具体名词放后面;人称代词宾格放中间。 常见的副词:away(离开),out(出去),off(脱离),up(向上),down(向下),along(沿着).... 2. 动词+介词 宾语放在介词后面 常见的介词:for,about, of, after, from, into, with, at.... 3. 动词+副词+介词 宾语放在介词后面 eg:run out of (用光);get out of (离开);come up with(提出) phrasal verbs Talk How to describe one’s volunteering plan Who What hobby What (volunteer) Why How What time My name is ... I love.... I’d like to volunteer ... Because... I plan to... ... My name is Lucy. I love singing. I’d like to volunteer at a singing club. Because I can teach kids to sing. I plan to help them twice a week. For me, volunteering can make me happy and practice myself. Summary 短语动词 类型及用法 相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后 相当于及物动词,名词前可加形容词,宾语位于介词后 相当于及物动词,后面必须有宾语(须位于介词后) 可看作及物动词,名词可位于之间或之后,代词只能位于中间 有的也可看作不及物动词 动词+介词 动词+副词 动词+副词+介词 动词+名词+介词 Summary 动词不定式 want, refuse, forget; need, try, learn; choose, agree, help; hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start 形式:to+动词原形(to有时省略),否定:not to+动词原形 没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语 概述 用法 作宾语 谓语动词用单数 ask, tell, want, teach, wish, help, warn, invite, encourage 作宾补 作目的状语 作定语 作表语 作主语 可放句首,一般用逗号隔开,也可放句尾 通常放在所修饰词之后 一、单项选择 Practice 1. —Have you ever heard that China is building a nationwide 5G network? —Right. 5G will allow us _ English movies faster than ever. A. download B. downloads C. to download D. downloadin 2.Mother asks me _ Enlgish every morning. A. read B. to read C. reading D. no read 3.It’s not good for you to smoke so much. You’d better _. A. give up it B. give them up C. give it up D. give up them 4.Our school has _ a sign at the gate, saying “Greet your child with a smile, not a mobile.” A. put up B. put off C. put on C C B A 1.I want _(join) a music club. I can sing and dance. 2. I’d like _ (volunteer) at an animal’s hospital. 3. We decided _ (put) up signs around the school. 4. You could ask hospitals _(let) you visit the kids and cheer them up. 5. He made me _ (tell) him all the things. 6. Please remember _ (water) the plants while I’m away. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 to volunteer to put to join to let tell to water 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。 We must find a person _ (做这项工作) 2. In my family, my mother is always the first one _ (起床). 3. Do you have _ (什么问题要问)? 4. Please tell me _(怎样念这个词). to do the work to get up any questions to ask how to say this word 5. I haven't decided _ (买哪一件衬衫) 6. The question is _ (走哪一条路). 7. She didn't know _ (说什么)? 8. I _ (看见他上楼) a moment ago. which shirt to buy which way to go what to say saw him go upstairs Use the phrasal verbs in 4a and the infinitives in 4b to make new sentences. $$