Unit 5 First Aid Reading and Thinking 语言点 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

语言点 Reading and Thinking Page50, Page51 (指示性缩略语说明：Para1,指课文第1段。Line1指本段第1行。Page50指课本第50页。相关类似) (颜色使用说明二：红色为宏观位置提示。绿色为重要语言点提醒。紫色为必做笔记部分。) (附录：课文汉语译文) Title, Page50 FIRST AID FOR BURNS 烧伤急救处理 aid n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助 first aid急救 with the aid of sb＝with sb’s aid在某人的帮助下 come/go to one’s aid来/去帮助某人 aid sb in (doing) sth在(做)某事上帮助某人 aid sb to do sth帮助某人做某事 perform/conduct/do first aid做急救 完成句子 ①Seeing the poor boy collapse，I without delay. 看到这个可怜的男孩晕倒了，我立刻做了急救。 ②As the twins looked around them in disappointment，their father came to their aid(来帮助他们)．Hearing that their father would aid them in cooking/to cook(帮助他们做饭)，the twins jumped to their feet，joy in eyes.With the aid of their father(在他们的父亲的帮助下)，the twins successfully cooked a delicious breakfast. (作例句使用) Keys: ①performed/conducted/did first aid　②came to their aid, aid them in cooking/to cook, With the aid of their father Para1, Line5, Page50 It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. 皮肤还有助于控制体温,防止身体流失过多的水分,当外物太热或太冷时,发出警告,并使你有触觉。 sense of touch　触觉 (1)sense of smell 嗅觉 sense of sight 视觉 sense of taste 味觉 sense of hearing 听觉 (2)sense of responsibility/duty 责任感,责任心 sense of humour 幽默感,幽默 sense of beauty 美感;审美 sense of direction 方向感 完成句子 1 [2023·全国乙卷书面表达] However, every time I managed to play a song or create a beautiful melody, was indescribable. 然而,每次我演奏完一首歌或创作出一首优美的旋律时,那种成就感是难以形容的。 ②There is no doubt that in this competitive society nowadays, contributes to enhancing creative thinking. 毫无疑问在如今这个充满竞争的社会,保持幽默感有助于促进创造性思维。 ③Through the coming-of-age ceremony, we realize that 　　　　　　　　　　　　always accompanies the process of our growth. 通过成人礼,我们意识到责任感总是伴随着我们的成长过程。 Keys: ①the sense of accomplishment　②keeping a sense of humour ③the sense of responsibility/duty Para1, Line5, Page50 As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 正如你可以想象到的,被烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。 as引导的定语从句 句式点拨 as在此引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句,并在从句中作宾语。as引导的定语从句具有方式状语从句的含义,意为“正如,正像”,其位置比较灵活,在句首、句中、句尾都可以。常用结构:as everybody can see(正如人人都能看到的那样);as is known to all(众所周知);as (we had) expected[正如(我们)预料的那样];as is mentioned above(正如上面提到的那样);as is often the case(情况总是如此);as is reported(正如报道的那样)。 [提示] which在定语从句中作主语或宾语,指代物,其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后,当指代整个主句时, 常译为“这(件事,一点)”,相当于and this/that/it。此外,在定语从句中作定语或介词的宾语时,要用which而不用as。 单句填空 ①The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, 　　　　　　was totally outside my experience. ②The air quality in the city, 　　　　　　is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. ③[2023·北京卷] 　　　　　　a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Keys: ①which　②as　③As　 完成句子/一句多译 ④ , “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” 正如中国哲学家老子所写,“千里之行,始于足下。” ⑤众所周知, 掌握一定的急救方法是必要的,以便我们可以在紧急情况下正确施救。 →　　　　　　　　　　　　, it is essential to master some first-aid methods so that we can perform first aid properly in emergency.(as引导的定语从句) → 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　it is essential to master some first-aid methods so that we can perform first aid properly in emergency.(it引导的主语从句) Keys: ④As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote　⑤As we all know/As is known to all; It is known to all that Para3, Line3, Page50（TYPES OF BURNS） Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents. 例子包括轻度晒伤和其他家庭小事故造成的烧伤。 minor　adj. (not very large, important or serious)较小的;次要的;轻微的 (1)a minor matter 小事 (2)minority n. 少数民族;少数 a/the minority of 少数的 be in a/the minority 占少数 (3)major adj. 主要的 (4)majority n. 多数 a/the majority of 多数的 提示: “the minority/majority of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the minority/majority of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 单句填空 ①Children with single parents at my school were 　　　　　　the minority. ②Only a small minority of students 　　　　　　(be) interested in politics these days. Keys:①in　②are　 完成句子/一句多译 ③We 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, including providing better hotels and visiting more locations. 我们将对旅行计划进行微小调整,包括提供更好的酒店和参观更多地点。 ④中国有近8300万残疾人,其中大多数生活在农村地区。 →China has nearly 83 million disabled people and 　　　　　　　　　　　live in rural areas. (并列句) →China has nearly 83 million disabled people,　　　　　　　　　　　 live in rural areas. (定语从句) Keys: ③will make minor adjustments to travel plans　④the majority of them; the majority of whom Para4, Line4, Page50（CHARACTERISTICS OF BRUNS） turn white when pressed 受压时变白 turn white 变白 系表结构 联系动词（linking verbs）也被称为系动词（linking verbs），它们用于描述主语的状态或特征的变化。以下是一些常见的表示变化的联系动词及其用法。 turn 例句：The leaves turn yellow in autumn. （秋天，树叶变黄了。） He turned pale when he heard the bad news. （听到坏消息时，他脸色变得苍白。） She turned white with fear. （她因害怕而脸色发白。） become 例句：He became angry when he saw the mess. （看到这团糟，他变得很生气。） The weather became colder as winter approached. （随着冬天的临近，天气变得更冷了。） get 例句： It's getting dark outside. （外面天黑了。） She got tired after a long day at work. （经过一整天的工作后，她变得很累。） grow 例句：He grew taller as he got older. （随着年龄的增长，他变得越来越高。） The situation grew worse. （情况变得更糟了。） go（ 例句：The milk went bad. （牛奶变质了。） The paper went yellow over time. （纸张随着时间变黄了。） fall（变得）：表示突然的变化，常用于负面情况。 He fell ill last week. （他上周生病了。） come半系动词 短语 “come true” 中，“come” 的用法是一个典型的表示状态变化的动词，它的功能是一个“半系动词”（semi-linking verb）。“come true”通常用来描述愿望、梦想、预言或计划等从抽象的想法变成了实际的现实。半系动词的特点：不强调动作的过程，而是强调结果或状态的变化。 Para5, Line1, Page51（FIRST-AID TREATMENT） Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. 将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。 此句为祈使句，其用法如下： (1)用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫祈使句。 (2)祈使句的肯定结构 ①Be＋形容词/名词 ②Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分 ③实义动词原形＋其他成分 (3)祈使句的否定结构 ①Don’t＋动词原形＋其他成分 ②Let’s＋not＋动词原形＋其他成分 ③Never＋动词原形＋其他成分 (4)祈使句常用句型 ①祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝ If...，＋主句 ②祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句 ③名词词组＋and＋陈述句 例句 (1)Be quiet，please. Let’s begin our class on table manners in China. Have a good command of them，and you will feel at ease in China. 请安静。让我们开始上有关中国餐桌礼仪的课。精通它们，你会在中国感到舒服自在。 (2)Never play tricks on the disabled. Don’t judge a book by its cover. 绝不要戏弄残疾人。不要以貌取人。 (3)One more step forward and I would fall off the cliff，which made my hair stand on end. 再往前一步，我就会掉下悬崖，这吓得我汗毛都竖起来了。 完成句子 ①If you follow my tips，you are bound to have the most unforgettable experience during your college years in Beijing. → .(用“祈使句＋and...”改写) ②If you don’t master the techniques of first aid in the leaflet，you will be at a loss when facing urgent matters. → . (用“祈使句＋or/otherwise...”改写) Keys: ①Follow my tips，and you are bound to have the most unforgettable experience during your college years in Beijing　②Master the techniques of first aid in the leaflet，or/otherwise you will be at a loss when facing urgent matters Para5, Line5, Page51（FIRST-AID TREATMENT） Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要,用剪刀把衣服剪下来,除非你看到布料粘在烧伤的皮肤上。 if necessary如果有必要的话 句式点拨 句中if necessary为if it is necessary的省略形式。在时间、让步、条件、方式和地点状语从句中,如果有“主语+be动词”的结构,且从句的主语为it或从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的“主语+be动词”可以省略。 相关拓展 if possible如果可能的话 if so 假如这样的话 if not 假如不是这样的话;不然的话;否则 if ever 如果有过的话 if any 如果有的话 when/whenever/where/wherever possible 可能的时候/任何时候/地点/任何地点 单句填空 ①This is one of the oldest buildings in town, if 　　　　　　the best. ②Please check over the speech draft and correct the mistakes, if　　　　　　. ③He may be very busy. If 　　　　　　, I’ll visit him later. If not, can I see him now? Keys: ①not　②any　③so　 完成句子 ④I hope everyone present can participate positively and take notes 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 我希望在场的每个人都能积极参与,并在必要时做笔记。(应用文写作之欢迎词) ⑤ , you can reply to me as soon as possible. I will take your advice into consideration. 如果可能的话,你可以尽快回复我。我会考虑你的建议。 Keys: ④if necessary　⑤If possible Para5, Line7, Page51（FIRST-AID TREATMENT） Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. 在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。 Applying oil to the injured area 为动名词短语作主语； apply … to…将……涂到…...上；将……应用/运用到……上 apply (to …) for sth. （向……）申请…… apply to sth. 适用于…… application n. 申请 applicant n. 申请人 例句 There are more than 200 applications for the job in this company. In other words, more than 200 applicants have applied for the job. Para5, Line12, Page51（FIRST-AID TREATMENT） If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. 如果伤者正遭受二度或三度烧伤,迫切需要立即送他/她去医院。 urgent　adj.紧急的;紧迫的;迫切的 (1)in urgent need of 迫切需要 urgent message/appeal/call 紧急通知/紧急呼吁/紧急电话 It is urgent that… 急需……(从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省略) (2)urgency n. 紧急,迫切 (3)urge vt.催促;极力主张 n. 强烈的欲望;冲动 urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事 It is/was urged that… 主张……(从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省略) have an urge to do sth 渴望做某事 单句填空 ①She was called away from the meeting to take an 　　　　　　(urge) phone call. ②Researchers have found that red can bring a sense of 　　　　　　(urge) into our minds. ③It is urged that the meeting 　　　　　　(arrange) before the final decision is made. Keys:①urgent　②urgency　③(should) be arranged　 完成句子 ④To protect oceans better, we must their own improper behaviours and make changes. 为了更好地保护海洋,我们必须敦促更多的人反思自己的不当行为并做出改变。 ⑤The moment we arrived at the camping place, Mum couldn’t wait to storm out and excitedly . 我们一到露营地,妈妈就迫不及待地冲了出去,兴奋地催促我们搭帐篷。 Keys: ④urge more people to reflect on　⑤urged us to put up the tent Exercise3. 05 Line2, Page51 Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort. 在烧伤的地方涂上黄油或油会有帮助,因为它可能减轻肿胀和缓解不适。 ease vi. & vt.)减轻;缓解;(使)安心 n. 容易;舒适;自在 (1)ease the pain/pressure/burden 减轻痛苦/压力/负担 (2)at ease 舒适;快活;自由自在 with ease 容易地;毫不费劲地 (仅作状语) feel at ease 感到自在;无拘无束 put/set sb at ease 使某人感到轻松自在;使某人安心 例句 However you decide to present yourself, it is good practice to try to put yourself at ease before the interview begins. 无论你决定如何表现自己,在面试开始前让你自己放松是很好的做法。 单句填空 ①We live in an age when more information is available 　　　　　　greater ease than ever before. ②Many college students take part-time jobs 　　　　　　(ease) the burden of their parents and enable their parents to live a comfortable life. ③The relationship between the two countries 　　　　　　(ease) since the talks began. Keys:4.①with　②to ease　③has eased　 完成句子 ④My heart pounded with extreme nervousness, but her warm welcome soon 　　　　　　.She was smart and humorous and I 　　　　　　with her. 因为极度紧张我的心怦怦跳,但是她的热情欢迎很快使我放松了下来。她既聪明又幽默,和她在一起我感到很自在。 ⑤Playing basketball serves as the best way 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and we can find some pleasure at the same time. 打篮球是我们缓解巨大学习压力的最好方法,同时我们也能从中找到一些乐趣。 Keys: ④put me at ease; felt at ease　⑤to ease our great study pressure 附录：课文汉语译文 Unit5.FIRST AID It’s a great honour to save a life. — Leigh Bardugo. 救人一命，善莫大焉。 FIRST AID FOR BURNS 烧伤急救处理 The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun's rays It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid 皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。 CAUSES OF BURNS烧伤的原因 You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals. 很多东西都会造成烧伤:灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。 TYPES OF BURNS烧伤的种类 Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage 根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。 First-degree burns： These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents. 一度烧伤:仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。 Second-degree burns： These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids. 二度烧伤:伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤 Third-degree burns： These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once. 三度烧伤:伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织，如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤，或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。 CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS烧伤的特点 First-degree burns  dry, red, and mildly swollen  mildly painful  turn white when pressed Second-degree burns  red and swollen, blisters: watery surface  extremely painful Third-degree burns  black and white  swollen, the tissue underneath can often be seen  little or no pain if nerves are damaged: maybe painful around the edges of the burn 一度烧伤  干燥、发红、微肿  微痛  受压时变白 二度烧伤  发红、肿胀;起水疱;表层渗液  极度疼痛 三度烧伤  皮肤发黑或变白  肿胀;通常可见皮下组织  如神经受损，则微痛或无痛感;创面边缘或有痛感 FIRST-AID TREATMENT急救处理 1 Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes, The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling. 1.将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀 2 Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth. 2.用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。 3 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 3.如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。 4 Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. 4.用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。 5 If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe. 5.如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。 6 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. 6.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$