专题-S714 选修四 Unit 1 Science Fiction 语法填空【题型易-考试题型精练】高二下(选择性必修四)英语单元话题中心题型梯度训练 月考突破 题型特训（人教版2019）

高二下学期 单元话题 梯度训练 专题-S714语法填空 人教版选择性必修四 题型特训 Unit 1 Science Fiction 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·宁夏·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Huawei has joined the list of companies that want to be all about artificial intelligence. 1 is known to all, Huawei Mate60 pro has become 2 hit recently. Early on, Huawei announced the pre - order of its high - end mate 60 smartphone series, 3 (say) it will let some consumers experience the “most powerful” high-end mate series ever. 4 (remarkable), Huawei has made a comeback. The 5 (late) Huawei Mate60 pro, priced at 6999 yuan ($ 960.52), is the world’s first for-public use smartphone, which is much more advanced than the previous 6 (product). The device equipped with a domestically made 5G chip, supports satellite calls and 7 (run) on Huawei’s newest Harmony4.0 operating system. In this sense, this is a significant step for the Chinese tech giant 8 (overcome) US sanctions, some analysts say. Huawei has been committing itself to innovation and laying emphasis 9 artificial intelligence. 10 is amazing that Huawei should make so major a breakthrough in such a short time. Passage 2 （23-24高二下·安徽亳州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式。 A skywell, or “tian jing” in Chinese, is 1 typical feature of a traditional home in Southern and Eastern China. They are commonly seen in homes 2 (date) back to the Ming and Qing dynasties, which were designed to house different generations of relatives. Despite their 3 (vary) sizes and designs, these skywells are typically square and located in the heart of the house. They serve to allow in light, enhance airflow, and harvest rainwater. Since decades ago, the government 4 (advocate) green buildings, promoting environmentally friendly practice. The increased interest towards traditional Chinese architecture is leading 5 the restoration of historic buildings with skywells for modern use. Architects are also looking towards the principles behind skywells while designing new buildings to save energy. For example, the Dongguan TBA Tower in Guangdong Province 6 (bring) natural airflows into every floor with internal “windpipes” 7 functions are similar to those of skywells. The aim is to keep the building’s temperature comfortable in all seasons, using only natural airflow. The fact 8 skywells still exist today shows how clever ancient builders were in using nature’s 9 (element) to create energy-sufficient and sustainable living spaces. These timeless architectural wonders continue to inspire architects 10 (find) green solutions for cooling homes and buildings. Passage 3 （23-24高二下·湖南岳阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mobile payment refers to a cashless payment method using mobile devices 1 (purchase) goods or services. Over the past decade, mobile payment 2 (become) the main payment method in China. Whether shopping, eating or traveling, mobile payment is everywhere and popular. It has been the business card of China’s technological innovation. NFC, QR code, face 3 (recognize) and other technologies have been combined with various production and life applications, 4 has facilitated people’s life and promoted social and technological innovation. Both online shopping and offline large shopping malls began to provide consumers 5 mobile payment methods such as code scanning payment, 6 (create) more convenient shopping experience. Although credit card payment 7 (launch) in America in the 1950s, its speed of popularizing mobile payment is very slow in the Internet era. In 2019, the scale of mobile payment in America was only $112 billion, while 8 in China was $9 trillion. Nowadays, in daily routine, people in China 9 (basic) only need to carry a mobile phone. Many Americans are amazed by the power and convenience 10 (bring) by China’s mobile payment. Passage 4 （23-24高二下·重庆·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese tech company Xiaomi released its first self-developed NEV (new energy vehicle) model SU7. Three versions of the model－SU7, SU7 Pro and SU7 Max－will enter the market, 1 the prices ranging from 215,900 yuan to 299,900 yuan. According to Lei Jun, founder and CEO of Xiaomi, the Xiaomi SU7 2 (undergo) comprehensive testing in 300 cities over the past three years, 3 (cover) a total road distance of 5.4 million kilometers. The tech company has achieved technological 4 (breakthrough) in key fields such as modeling design, batteries and intelligent driving. Xiaomi plans to invest 24 billion yuan in research and development this year, demonstrating a serious 5 (commit) to manufacturing cars. Xiaomi entered the NEV sector in 2021 and built 6 automobile plant with a land area of more than 700,000 square meters. Data shows that the production volume and the sales volume of NEVs in China reached 1.25 million units and 1.21 million units in the first two months of this year, up 28.2 percent and 29.4 percent year-on-year, 7 (respective). 8 (give) that several Chinese companies that had entered the sector faced severe financial difficulties, experts said 9 or not Xiaomi can really afford the capital and time needed for the smart car business remains 10 (see). Passage 5 （23-24高二下·江苏南通·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Internet of Things(IoT) makes our life easier. The technology uses sensors to connect everyday appliances and devices to each other and to the Internet. Thanks to IoT-connected home devices, we can manage our home remotely, and ensure that devices 1 (turn) off. IoT can also bring 2 (convenient) to our home life. It can even achieve that when we are away. One example is someone driving home from work. 3 tiredness, this people still needs to feed the dog. IoT technology can help pour food into the dog dish. Besides, IoT-connected devices can provide entertainment for kids. For instance, smart TVs feature voice 4 (recognize). Anyone can command it to play any channel at any time. Much like a smartphone, parents can control 5 their child watches on a smart TV. We are progressing into a period known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, in which IoT technology will likely change everyday habits. 6 (promise) as smart homes are, many people are concerned about the safety. A smart door can be unlocked remotely. Homes can be targeted by hackers 7 secretly monitored. Smart home companies will keep working to convince the those 8 (oppose) to it. They will keep trying to advance their technology while 9 (make) it safer to use. But how it is accepted in homes around the world 10 (remain) to be seen. 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 （23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese tech giant Xiaomi held a launch event for its first electric vehicle (EV) model, the Speed Ultra 7 (SU7), in Beijing on Thursday. It marks the smartphone giant’s entry into the 1 (compete) and challenging Chinese new energy vehicle (NEV) market. The SU7 series will be launched in nine different colors, at a price starting from215,900 yuan ($29,866) and mass 2 (produce) is expected to start in the first half of 2024. Customers and analysts had previously estimated that the SU7 3 (be) priced at 200,000 to 300,000 yuan. 4 (start) from Monday, the SU7 series has been on display in 59 stores across 29 cities in China, a staff member at the store told the Global Times, adding that people have been crowding 5 the showroom to see the car. China’s NEV market has become the world’s biggest market 6 carmakers are ramping up (增加) efforts 7 (improve) technological capabilities amid (在……中) an ongoing price war. Meanwhile, Chinese NEV manufacturers are expanding overseas. About 19.5 percent of EVs purchased in Europe last year 8 (make) in China and this is on track to reach a quarter in 2024.3.29. It’s still unknown whether Xiaomi’s ambition to fulfil its auto business dream will succeed. However, analysts believe 9 will drive innovation and progress in NEV technology, and help promote the expansion and market penetration (渗透) of NEVs by attracting more consumers, and increasing 10 (aware) and recognition of NEVs. Passage 8 （23-24高二下·四川遂宁·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China drilled a tunnel through for expressway transport in Beijing on Monday. It is the 1 (long) expressway tunnel in the country created using the shield-tunneling method (盾构隧道法). With a total length of 7.4 km, the tunnel project 2 (design) to have a two-way six-lane expressway on the middle level, smoke vent (排烟孔) on the upper level 3 evacuation (疏散) and rescue routes on the lower level, according to the Beijing Capital Highway Development Group Co., Ltd., which is carrying out the project. The tunnel is part of Beijing’s east 4 (six) ring road project. The deepest section of the tunnel, 5 is 75 meters underground, is the deepest underground tunnel in Beijing. In June, the west tunnel of the project was the first 6 (drill) through. The east tunnel was just drilled through on Monday. With 7 excavation diameter of 16.07 meters and a length of about 145 meters, the shield-tunneling machine adopted in the project is 8 (independent) designed and made by Chinese companies. It weighs 4,500 tonnes. The tunnel project has helped make way for more space on the ground for 9 (promote) industrial development and planning large parks, contributing 10 the high-quality development of Beijing’s sub-center Tongzhou District and coordinated transport development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Passage 9 （23-24高二下·湖北·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Math powers a wide range of modern technology, from phones and cameras to aircraft and artificial intelligence. It 1 (become) a propeller (推进器) that puts companies on a path toward success. In a 2023 interview, Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei explained 2 math theories have made some technological advancements possible. Ren mentioned Pyotr Ufimtsev, 3 physicist and mathematician from the Soviet Union. Ufimtsev published an 4 (innovation) paper in the 1960s that dealt with the reflection of electromagnetic waves (电磁波). This paper inspired engineers at Lockheed Martin, a US aerospace firm, 5 (develop) the concept of stealth aircraft (隐形飞机). “Physics, civil engineering and mechanics are associated with math, 6 can provide solutions in many areas.” To develop more math talents, Huawei established two research institutes, one in Russia and the other in France. These institutes focus on mathematics, 7 (employ) over 700 mathematicians. Like Huawei, many Chinese companies are 8 (heavy) investing in mathematics and research and development (R&D) to lessen their 9 (dependent) on Western technology and strengthen their global market position. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, China plans to increase its R&D budget 10 more than 7 percent annually throughout its 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) period. 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11 （23-24高二下·福建福州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The special national flag unfurled from June 3 to 4 by the lander of the Chang’e 6 lunar probe has caught the attention of people around the world. It is the first time that flag of any country 1 (raise) on the far side of the moon. Remarkably, the flag is made of basalt fibers (玄武岩纤维), which is excellent at thermal insulation (隔热) and radiation resistance so that it can withstand the harsh lunar environment. According to Xu, the Chang’e 6 flag is the same size as the one 2 (display) during the Chang’e 5 mission. It measures 30 centimeters 3 20 centimeters, about 4 size of a sheet of A4 paper. The density of the basalt fibers used in the Chang’e 6 flag is nearly twice 5 of the Chang’e 5 flag, which suggests that the basalt fiber flag should be heavier. However, Xu’s team developed super - thin basalt fibers, which are only one-third the 6 (wide) of human hair. This made the Chang’e 6 flag weigh only 11.3 grams, which is 0.5 grams lighter than the Chang’e 5 flag. Lightweight and flexible, basalt fiber will be 7 (increasing) used in the aerospace sector for applications such as spacesuits, spacecraft, and lunar bases, said Xu. His team is also investigating the use of basalt fibers 8 (create) clothes and bags that can withstand high temperatures and prevent fires. Typical firefighting suits made of materials burn at high temperatures of 550℃. 9 , basalt fiber clothes can handle up to 1,600℃. “So it can be used for a short time at a high temperature of 1,200℃, 10 for a long time at 800℃,” said Cao Genyang, a professor on Xu’s team. Passage 12 （23-24高二下·湖北·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Planting 200 acres of rice in two hours, I didn’t dare to dream of such efficiency in the past,” Xie Feilong, a farmer from Liuyuan town of Aksu Prefecture (地区) of Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, expressed 1 (he) gratitude for the use of drones (无人机) to plant rice this year. Xie’s family has planted over 3,000 acres of rice. In previous years, during the rice planting season, the whole family and several dozen workers would walk into the 2 (ice) rice fields to plant seeds. “Last year, some people in the village 3 (use) drones to plant rice. I was hesitant because I wasn’t sure whether it would work well, so I didn’t dare to try it. As it turned out, the rice 4 (plant) with drones by others was evenly distributed and at the right density (密度), 5 saved time, effort and money. This year, I also employed drones for planting, removing the need for the whole family 6 (work) in the cold water,” Xie said. On April 22, 2024, 14,000 acres of rice in 7 town Xie comes from were all planted using drones, achieving mechanized planting. It’s expected that this year’s rice output will range from 700 8 900 kilograms per acre, 9 (generate) income of around 700 to 1,000 yuan per acre. In 2024, Aksu Prefecture plans to plant 100,000 acres of rice. The prefecture has greatly promoted the use of new technologies and equipment in agriculture, innovated service models and 10 (active) promoted services such as drone planting and pest control. Passage 13 （23-24高二下·广东汕头·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a first for Victoria, La Trobe University has teamed up with Waratah Special Developmental School to trial a robot called Matilda as a classroom companion (伙伴). Matilda has been working across four classrooms to assist teachers in 1 (create) positive social engagements and entertaining learning activities for students. Research project leader Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Khaksar said the robot is being personalised to empower (使更强大) teachers and enhance 2 (they) work. “Matilda can recognise human voices and faces, detect emotions, read and recite text, dance and play music,” Dr Khaksar said. “This study is about assisting both teachers and students, 3 (particular) those with special educational needs, 4 face special challenges in learning environments. It will measure how social robots can motivate children with special needs 5 (learn) and engage in the classroom better.” Dr Khaksar said feedback (反馈) from teachers — 6 (take) before, during and after classes — has been crucial in helping shape and develop a more effective companion robot. In addition to teacher feedback, student 7 (interact) has proved overwhelmingly positive. Waratah Special Developmental School Principal, Jennifer Wallace, said 8 has been an increase in students' willingness to engage with the robot and they've seen an improvement in communication and social skills. Students are highly 9 (excite) and they actively participate 10 activities facilitated through the robot, and they are demonstrating an increased willingness to wait and take turns after spending time with the robot. Passage 14 （23-24高二下·安徽六安·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With the launch of the third electric car model, BYD India will concentrate on strengthening its leadership position in the luxury electric vehicle (EV) segment (部分) and aims to expand India’s charging infrastructure (基础设施). BYD India launched its electric SEAL cars on March 5, 1 prices are between $49,400 and $64,000, as it plans to cover 90 percent of the EV market in India by the end of the year, according to a press release issued by BYD India. The company plans to bring more products into the Indian market 2 line with consumers’ demand and India’s evolving electric vehicle market, according to Sanjay Gopalakrishnan, vice-president of BYD India. “India still lacks more than 60 percent of needed charging stations 3 (meet) the current demand”, experts said. “Our current focus is on strengthening our position in the luxury EV segment with our 4 (exist) products and expanding our network,” Gopalakrishnan said. “We are confident that it will play a very 5 (significance) role in accelerating the new energy vehicle revolution in India.” Last year, the Indian government turned down the 6 (propose) of BYD’s to invest $1 billion in locally manufactured electric vehicles in the country. The Economic Survey of India predicts a strong 49 percent annual growth rate for India’s domestic electric vehicle market from 2024 to 2030. Annual sales 7 (believe) to have reached 10 million by 2030. The BYD expects that in 2030, one in every three cars to be sold in India will be electric. BYD said the adoption of electrification in the country is progressing 8 expected. It is said that the 9 (company) launch of the BYD SEAL cars will help strengthen its presence in this space. “We are surprised that customers in India are so 10 (incredible) responsive to that,” Gopalakrishnan said in a press statement issued by the BYD on March 6. Passage 15 （23-24高二下·上海·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Measure Your Stress with Fitness Trackers Not sure if it’s time for stress management? Check your watch. Toxic stress, caused by pandemic, 1 (fuel) a wave of new stress management trackers. Offered in health monitoring devices by companies such as Fitbit, WHOOP, and others, they aim to make users more informed of stress and learn tools for handling it. These trackers collect information on metrics such as heart rate, skin temperature, and sleep quality 2 cutting-edge sensors in smart watches, wristbands, and rings. They also continuously assess heart rate variability, or HRV, 3 is the balance between the body’s systems for ramping up to a challenge and slowing down to rest. Some, such as Google’s Fitbit, 4 (measure) electrical changes in certain sweat glands (腺体) that respond to stress and emotional arousal. This invisible “electrodermal” sweat “contains extra information about stress 5 HRV,” says Hugo Posada-Quintero, biomedical engineering professor at the University of Connecticut, “which can also be a measure of emotional responses.” When 6 (combine), these metrics reveal psychological stress—like chronic worrying or work aggravation—that damages health and 7 otherwise escape our awareness. This so-called “unrecognized stress” is common in people with busy lifestyles. The trackers show 8 other stressors, like exercise, are beneficial in the right amounts. 9 some physical responses to exercise resemble unhealthy stress, the trackers may distinguish good stress from bad. If you’re moving your body in specified ways, they can determine that your fast pulse is from road running, not road rage. 10 (quantify) your habits and experiences can encourage behavior changes for stress management. If you eat a large, sugary meal before bed, for example, your stress numbers go up the digestive overload increases heart rate. The sensors will further detect how the late meal disrupts sleep. 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高二下学期 单元话题 梯度训练 专题-S714语法填空 人教版选择性必修四 题型特训 Unit 1 Science Fiction 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·宁夏·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Huawei has joined the list of companies that want to be all about artificial intelligence. 1 1 is known to all, Huawei Mate60 pro has become 2 hit recently. Early on, Huawei announced the pre - order of its high - end mate 60 smartphone series, 3 (say) it will let some consumers experience the “most powerful” high-end mate series ever. 4 (remarkable), Huawei has made a comeback. The 5 (late) Huawei Mate60 pro, priced at 6999 yuan ($ 960.52), is the world’s first for-public use smartphone, which is much more advanced than the previous 6 (product). The device equipped with a domestically made 5G chip, supports satellite calls and 7 (run) on Huawei’s newest Harmony4.0 operating system. In this sense, this is a significant step for the Chinese tech giant 8 (overcome) US sanctions, some analysts say. Huawei has been committing itself to innovation and laying emphasis 9 artificial intelligence. 10 is amazing that Huawei should make so major a breakthrough in such a short time. 【答案】 1. As 2. a 3. saying 4. Remarkably 5. latest 6. products 7. runs 8. to overcome 9. on 10. It 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了华为已经加入了那些想要专注于人工智能的公司的行列。华为一直致力于创新，重视人工智能。华为在如此短的时间内取得如此重大的突破，令人惊讶。 1. 考查固定句型。句意：众所周知，华为Mate60 pro最近很火。句型as is known to all表示“众所周知”，首字母大写。故填As。 2. 考查冠词。句意：众所周知，华为Mate60 pro最近很火。短语a hit表示“轰动一时”。故填a。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：早些时候，华为宣布了其高端mate 60智能手机系列的预订，称它将让一些消费者体验到“最强大”的高端mate系列。此处say与Huawei构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填saying。 4. 考查副词。句意：值得注意的是，华为已经卷土重来。修饰后文句子应用副词remarkably，首字母大写。故填Remarkably。 5. 考查形容词。句意：最新款华为Mate60 pro售价6999元（合960.52美元），是全球首款面向公众的智能手机，比之前的产品先进得多。结合语境表示“最新的”应用latest。故填latest。 6. 考查名词的数。句意：最新款华为Mate60 pro售价6999元（合960.52美元），是全球首款面向公众的智能手机，比之前的产品先进得多。此处product数量大于一应用复数形式。故填products。 7. 考查主谓一致。句意：该设备配备了国产5G芯片，支持卫星通话，并运行华为最新的Harmony4.0操作系统。根据上文supports可知为一般现在时，主语为device，谓语用三单形式。故填runs。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一些分析人士表示，从这个意义上讲，这是这家中国科技巨头克服美国制裁的重要一步。名词step后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to overcome。 9. 考查介词。句意：华为一直致力于创新，重视人工智能。短语lay emphasis on表示“重视”。故填on。 10. 考查it用法。句意：华为在如此短的时间内取得如此重大的突破，令人惊讶。此处为句型it be adj. that…，it作形式主语，首字母大写。故填It。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·安徽亳州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式。 A skywell, or “tian jing” in Chinese, is 1 typical feature of a traditional home in Southern and Eastern China. They are commonly seen in homes 2 (date) back to the Ming and Qing dynasties, which were designed to house different generations of relatives. Despite their 3 (vary) sizes and designs, these skywells are typically square and located in the heart of the house. They serve to allow in light, enhance airflow, and harvest rainwater. Since decades ago, the government 4 (advocate) green buildings, promoting environmentally friendly practice. The increased interest towards traditional Chinese architecture is leading 5 the restoration of historic buildings with skywells for modern use. Architects are also looking towards the principles behind skywells while designing new buildings to save energy. For example, the Dongguan TBA Tower in Guangdong Province 6 (bring) natural airflows into every floor with internal “windpipes” 7 functions are similar to those of skywells. The aim is to keep the building’s temperature comfortable in all seasons, using only natural airflow. The fact 8 skywells still exist today shows how clever ancient builders were in using nature’s 9 (element) to create energy-sufficient and sustainable living spaces. These timeless architectural wonders continue to inspire architects 10 (find) green solutions for cooling homes and buildings. 【答案】 1. a 2. dating 3. various/varied 4. has advocated 5. to 6. brings 7. whose 8. that 9. elements 10. to find 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了天井的历史以及在现代的应用。 1. 考查冠词。句意：天井(又称“tian jing”)是中国南方和东部传统住宅的典型特征。根据句意以及空后feature为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指“一个典型特征”，结合typical为首音节辅音单词，所以为不定冠词a的填入。故填a。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们在明清时期的房屋中很常见，这些房屋是为不同世代的亲戚设计的。该句谓语为are，所以此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰homes，homes和date为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填dating。 3. 考查形容词。句意：尽管它们的大小和设计各不相同，但这些天井通常是方形的，位于房屋的中心。由空后sizes and designs为名词短语可知，此处为形容词various/varied“各种各样的”作定语修饰该名词短语。故填various/varied。 4. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：从几十年前开始，政府就提倡绿色建筑，提倡环保的做法。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据Since decades ago时间状语可知，此处为现在完成时，主语the government为单数名词，所以为动词三单形式。故填has advocated。 5. 考查固定短语。句意：人们对中国传统建筑的兴趣日益浓厚，这导致了对带有天井的历史建筑进行修复，以供现代使用。此处为固定短语lead to“导致”，满足句意要求。故填to。 6. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：例如，广东省东莞TBA大厦通过内部“气管”将自然气流引入每层，其功能类似于天井。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据上下文时态可知，此处为一般现在时，主语the Dongguan TBA Tower为单数名词，所以为动词三单形式。故填brings。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：例如，广东省东莞TBA大厦通过内部“气管”将自然气流引入每层，其功能类似于天井。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词whose引导的定语从句，先行词windpipes在从句中作functions的定语成分。故填whose。 8. 考查同位语从句。句意：事实上，今天仍然存在的天井表明，古代的建筑者是多么聪明，他们利用自然的元素来创造能源充足和可持续的生活空间。分析句子可知，此处为that引导的同位语从句，从句成分完整，为对先行词fact的解释和说明。故填that。 9. 考查名词复数形式。句意：事实上，今天仍然存在的天井表明，古代的建筑者是多么聪明，他们利用自然的元素来创造能源充足和可持续的生活空间。element“元素”为可数名词，结合句意可知，此处为名词复数形式。故填elements。 10. 考查动词不定式。句意：这些永恒的建筑奇迹不断激励着建筑师们为制冷房屋和建筑寻找绿色解决方案。此处为动词短语inspire sb to do sth“激励某人做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式。故填to find。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·湖南岳阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mobile payment refers to a cashless payment method using mobile devices 1 (purchase) goods or services. Over the past decade, mobile payment 2 (become) the main payment method in China. Whether shopping, eating or traveling, mobile payment is everywhere and popular. It has been the business card of China’s technological innovation. NFC, QR code, face 3 (recognize) and other technologies have been combined with various production and life applications, 4 has facilitated people’s life and promoted social and technological innovation. Both online shopping and offline large shopping malls began to provide consumers 5 mobile payment methods such as code scanning payment, 6 (create) more convenient shopping experience. Although credit card payment 7 (launch) in America in the 1950s, its speed of popularizing mobile payment is very slow in the Internet era. In 2019, the scale of mobile payment in America was only $112 billion, while 8 in China was $9 trillion. Nowadays, in daily routine, people in China 9 (basic) only need to carry a mobile phone. Many Americans are amazed by the power and convenience 10 (bring) by China’s mobile payment. 【答案】 1. to purchase 2. has become 3. recognition 4. which 5. with 6. creating 7. was launched 8. that 9. basically 10. brought 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了移动支付这项新技术在中国的迅速普及以及它给我们生活带来的方便。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：移动支付是指使用移动设备购买商品或服务的无现金支付方式。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以此空应填动词不定式作形式。故填to purchase。 2. 考查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，移动支付已经成为中国的主要支付方式。此空作谓语动词， 主语mobile payment与become为主动关系，再由Over the past decade可知，这里应用现在完成时，主语是mobile payment，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has become。 3. 考查名词。句意：NFC、二维码、人脸识别等技术与各种生产生活应用相结合，方便了人们的生活，促进了社会技术创新。根据本句and 前后并列的都是名词短语可知，本空要使用动词recognize的名词形式recognition，为不可数名词，在本句中作主语。故填recognition。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：NFC、二维码、人脸识别等技术与各种生产生活应用相结合，方便了人们的生活，促进了社会技术创新。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导从句。故填which。 5. 考查介词。句意：无论是线上购物还是线下大型商场，都开始为消费者提供扫码支付等移动支付方式，创造更便捷的购物体验。provide sb. with sth.为固定搭配，表示“给某人提供某物”。故填with。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：无论是线上购物还是线下大型商场，都开始为消费者提供扫码支付等移动支付方式，创造更便捷的购物体验。句中已有谓语began，空处作非谓语动词，结合语意可知，线上线下均提供移动支付方式，自然而然的结果是创造更便捷的购物体验，所以空处应用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填creating。 7. 考查时态语态。句意：尽管信用卡支付是在20世纪50年代在美国推出的，但在互联网时代，其普及移动支付的速度非常缓慢。由in the 1950s 可知，although引导的从句要用一般过去时，且credit card payment与launch为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是credit card payment，be动词使用was。故填was launched。 8. 考查代词。句意：2019年，美国的移动支付规模仅为1120亿美元，而中国为9万亿美元。空格指代的是移动支付规模。而scale为不可数名词，应用that指代。故填that。 9. 考查副词。句意：如今，在日常生活中，中国人基本上只需要携带一部手机。此空应用副词basically作状语，修饰后面动词。故填basically。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：许多美国人对中国移动支付带来的力量和便利感到惊讶。句中已有are，空处作非谓语动词，the power and convenience与bring为被动关系，空处应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填brought。 Passage 4 （23-24高二下·重庆·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese tech company Xiaomi released its first self-developed NEV (new energy vehicle) model SU7. Three versions of the model－SU7, SU7 Pro and SU7 Max－will enter the market, 1 the prices ranging from 215,900 yuan to 299,900 yuan. According to Lei Jun, founder and CEO of Xiaomi, the Xiaomi SU7 2 (undergo) comprehensive testing in 300 cities over the past three years, 3 (cover) a total road distance of 5.4 million kilometers. The tech company has achieved technological 4 (breakthrough) in key fields such as modeling design, batteries and intelligent driving. Xiaomi plans to invest 24 billion yuan in research and development this year, demonstrating a serious 5 (commit) to manufacturing cars. Xiaomi entered the NEV sector in 2021 and built 6 automobile plant with a land area of more than 700,000 square meters. Data shows that the production volume and the sales volume of NEVs in China reached 1.25 million units and 1.21 million units in the first two months of this year, up 28.2 percent and 29.4 percent year-on-year, 7 (respective). 8 (give) that several Chinese companies that had entered the sector faced severe financial difficulties, experts said 9 or not Xiaomi can really afford the capital and time needed for the smart car business remains 10 (see). 【答案】 1. with 2. has undergone 3. covering 4. breakthroughs 5. commitment 6. an 7. respectively 8. Given 9. whether 10. to be seen 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。报道称小米发布了首款自研新能源汽车SU7，在新能源汽车领域取得技术突破，并计划大笔投资研发。尽管市场看好，但小米能否承担智能汽车业务的资金和时间仍待观察。 1. 考查介词。句意：SU7、SU7 Pro和SU7 Max这三款车型将进入市场，价格从21.59万元到29.99万元不等。此处用“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的短语结构作伴随状语。故填with。 2. 考查现在完成时。句意：据小米创始人兼首席执行官雷军称，过去三年，小米SU7在300个城市进行了全面测试，行驶总路程为540万公里。由本句时间状语over the past three years可知，本句为现在完成时态。故填has undergone。 3. 考查现在分词。句意：据小米创始人兼首席执行官雷军称，过去三年，小米SU7在300个城市进行了全面测试，行驶总路程为540万公里。空格处与逻辑主语Xiaomi SU7构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填covering。 4. 考查名词。句意：这家科技公司在建模设计、电池和智能驾驶等关键领域取得了技术突破。空格处为动词achieve的宾语，又被technological所修饰，因此为名词；且根据句意和下文的例子可知，应为复数含义。故填breakthroughs。 5. 考查名词。句意：小米计划今年在研发上投资240亿元人民币，这表明它对制造汽车的重视。空格处为不定冠词a所修饰，故为可数名词单数作宾语。故填commitment。 6. 考查冠词。句意：小米于2021年进入新能源汽车领域，并建立了占地面积超过70万平方米的汽车工厂。plant为可数名词，此处为单数含义，空格处应为不定冠词修饰plant；且空格后的automobile为元音音素开头。故填an. 7. 考查副词。句意：数据显示，今年前两个月，中国新能源汽车的产量和销量分别达到125万辆和121万辆，同比分别增长28.2%和29.4%。空格处修饰副词短语“up 28.2 percent and 29.4 percent year-on-year”，故应为副词。故填respectively。 8. 考查固定搭配。句意：鉴于几家进入智能汽车行业的中国公司面临严重的财务困难，专家们表示，不管小米是否真的能够负担得起智能汽车业务所需的资金和时间仍有待观察。根据句意可知，此处考查固定搭配given that，意为“鉴于，考虑到”。故填Given。 9. 考查连词。句意：句意：鉴于几家进入智能汽车行业的中国公司面临严重的财务困难，专家们表示，不管小米是否真的能够负担得起智能汽车业务所需的资金和时间仍有待观察。固定搭配whether or not后引导句子意为“是否”，符合句意。故填whether。 10. 考查不定式的被动态。句意：鉴于几家进入智能汽车行业的中国公司面临严重的财务困难，专家们表示，不管小米是否真的能够负担得起智能汽车业务所需资金和时间仍有待观察。动词remain可用于remain to do的结构，表示“仍需做某事”；且see与逻辑主语“whether or not Xiaomi can really afford the capital and time needed for the smart car business”为被动关系，所以用不定式的被动语态。故填to be seen。 Passage 5 （23-24高二下·江苏南通·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Internet of Things(IoT) makes our life easier. The technology uses sensors to connect everyday appliances and devices to each other and to the Internet. Thanks to IoT-connected home devices, we can manage our home remotely, and ensure that devices 1 (turn) off. IoT can also bring 2 (convenient) to our home life. It can even achieve that when we are away. One example is someone driving home from work. 3 tiredness, this people still needs to feed the dog. IoT technology can help pour food into the dog dish. Besides, IoT-connected devices can provide entertainment for kids. For instance, smart TVs feature voice 4 (recognize). Anyone can command it to play any channel at any time. Much like a smartphone, parents can control 5 their child watches on a smart TV. We are progressing into a period known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, in which IoT technology will likely change everyday habits. 6 (promise) as smart homes are, many people are concerned about the safety. A smart door can be unlocked remotely. Homes can be targeted by hackers 7 secretly monitored. Smart home companies will keep working to convince the those 8 (oppose) to it. They will keep trying to advance their technology while 9 (make) it safer to use. But how it is accepted in homes around the world 10 (remain) to be seen. 【答案】 1. are turned 2. convenience 3. Despite 4. recognition 5. what 6. Promising 7. and 8. opposed 9. making 10. remains 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了物联网带来的许多便利。 1. 考查时态语态。句意：由于物联网连接的家庭设备，我们可以远程管理我们的家庭，并确保设备关闭。主语devices与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are turned。 2. 考查名词。句意：物联网还可以为我们的家庭生活带来便利。作动词的宾语，应用名词convenience，不可数。故填convenience。 3. 考查介词。句意：尽管很累，这个人还是要喂狗。物联网技术可以帮助将食物倒入狗盘子。表示“尽管”应用介词despite，首字母大写。故填Despite。 4. 考查名词。句意：例如，智能电视具有语音识别功能。作宾语，应用名词recognition，故填recognition。 5. 考查宾语从句。句意：就像智能手机一样，父母可以控制孩子在智能电视上看什么。引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，用what。故填what。 6. 考查形容词。句意：虽然智能家居很有前景，但很多人都担心它的安全性。此处在从句中作表语，应用形容词promising，首字母大写。故填Promising。 7. 考查连词。句意：住宅可能成为黑客的目标，并受到秘密监控。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。 8. 考查形容词。句意：智能家居公司将继续努力说服反对它的人。作定语修饰those，表“反对”应用形容词opposed。故填opposed。 9. 考查省略句。句意：他们将继续努力提高他们的技术，同时使其使用更安全。此处为状语从句的省略，从句省略主语和be动词，用现在分词作状语。故填making。 10. 考查主谓一致。句意：但它如何被世界各地的家庭所接受还有待观察。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为how it is accepted in homes around the world，谓语用三单形式。故填remains。 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 （23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese tech giant Xiaomi held a launch event for its first electric vehicle (EV) model, the Speed Ultra 7 (SU7), in Beijing on Thursday. It marks the smartphone giant’s entry into the 1 (compete) and challenging Chinese new energy vehicle (NEV) market. The SU7 series will be launched in nine different colors, at a price starting from215,900 yuan ($29,866) and mass 2 (produce) is expected to start in the first half of 2024. Customers and analysts had previously estimated that the SU7 3 (be) priced at 200,000 to 300,000 yuan. 4 (start) from Monday, the SU7 series has been on display in 59 stores across 29 cities in China, a staff member at the store told the Global Times, adding that people have been crowding 5 the showroom to see the car. China’s NEV market has become the world’s biggest market 6 carmakers are ramping up (增加) efforts 7 (improve) technological capabilities amid (在……中) an ongoing price war. Meanwhile, Chinese NEV manufacturers are expanding overseas. About 19.5 percent of EVs purchased in Europe last year 8 (make) in China and this is on track to reach a quarter in 2024.3.29. It’s still unknown whether Xiaomi’s ambition to fulfil its auto business dream will succeed. However, analysts believe 9 will drive innovation and progress in NEV technology, and help promote the expansion and market penetration (渗透) of NEVs by attracting more consumers, and increasing 10 (aware) and recognition of NEVs. 【答案】 1. competitive 2. production 3. would be 4. Starting 5. into 6. where 7. to improve 8. were made 9. it 10. awareness 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是周四，中国科技巨头小米在北京举行了其首款电动汽车（EV）车型Speed Ultra 7 (SU7)的发布会。 1. 考查形容词。句意：这标志着这家智能手机巨头进入了竞争激烈、充满挑战的中国新能源汽车市场。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语Chinese new energy vehicle (NEV) market，compete的形容词是competitive，意为“有竞争力的”，故填competitive。 2. 考查名词。句意：SU7系列将推出9种不同的颜色，价格从215,900元Passage 7 （29,866美元）起，预计将于2024年上半年开始量产。mass是形容词，修饰名词，此处表示“量产”，空格处意为“生产”，名词是production，是不可数名词，故填production。 3. 考查时态。句意：客户和分析师此前预计，SU7的售价将在人民币20万至30万元之间。根据语境可知，句子表示“SU7的售价将在人民币20万至30万元之间”，句子用将来时，由estimated可知，句子用过去将来时，因此空格处是would be。故填would be。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该店的一名工作人员告诉《环球时报》，从周一开始，SU7系列已经在中国29个城市的59家门店展出，并补充说人们已经挤进展厅看这款车。句中谓语是has been，空格处用非谓语动词，the SU7 series和start之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词作状语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Starting。 5. 考查介词。句意：该店的一名工作人员告诉《环球时报》，从周一开始，SU7系列已经在中国29个城市的59家门店展出，并补充说人们已经挤进展厅看这款车。crowd into是固定短语，意为“挤进”，因此空格处用介词into，故填into。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：中国新能源汽车市场已成为全球最大的市场，在持续的价格战中，汽车制造商正加大力度提高技术能力。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，先行词market是地方，因此空格处用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。 7. 考查不定式。句意：中国新能源汽车市场已成为全球最大的市场，在持续的价格战中，汽车制造商正加大力度提高技术能力。根据语境可知，句子表示“中国新能源汽车市场已成为全球最大的市场，在持续的价格战中，汽车制造商正加大力度提高技术能力”，因此空格处用不定式表目的，故填to improve。 8. 考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：去年在欧洲购买的电动汽车中，约有19.5%是在中国制造的，这一比例有望在2024年达到四分之一。EVs与make之间是被动关系，且由last year可知，句子描述过去的事情，因此句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语19.5 percent of EVs是复数，因此空格处是were made。故填were made。 9. 考查代词。句意：然而，分析人士认为，这将推动新能源汽车技术的创新和进步，并通过吸引更多消费者，提高对新能源汽车的认识和认可，帮助促进新能源汽车的扩张和市场渗透。空格处用it指代前面的“Xiaomi’s ambition to fulfil its auto business dream”，故填it。 10. 考查名词。句意：然而，分析人士认为，这将推动新能源汽车技术的创新和进步，并通过吸引更多消费者，提高对新能源汽车的认识和认可，帮助促进新能源汽车的扩张和市场渗透。increasing是形容词，修饰名词，aware的名词是awareness，是不可数名词，意为“意识，认识”，故填awareness。 Passage 8 （23-24高二下·四川遂宁·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China drilled a tunnel through for expressway transport in Beijing on Monday. It is the 1 (long) expressway tunnel in the country created using the shield-tunneling method (盾构隧道法). With a total length of 7.4 km, the tunnel project 2 (design) to have a two-way six-lane expressway on the middle level, smoke vent (排烟孔) on the upper level 3 evacuation (疏散) and rescue routes on the lower level, according to the Beijing Capital Highway Development Group Co., Ltd., which is carrying out the project. The tunnel is part of Beijing’s east 4 (six) ring road project. The deepest section of the tunnel, 5 is 75 meters underground, is the deepest underground tunnel in Beijing. In June, the west tunnel of the project was the first 6 (drill) through. The east tunnel was just drilled through on Monday. With 7 excavation diameter of 16.07 meters and a length of about 145 meters, the shield-tunneling machine adopted in the project is 8 (independent) designed and made by Chinese companies. It weighs 4,500 tonnes. The tunnel project has helped make way for more space on the ground for 9 (promote) industrial development and planning large parks, contributing 10 the high-quality development of Beijing’s sub-center Tongzhou District and coordinated transport development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. 【答案】 1. longest 2. is designed 3. and 4. sixth 5. which 6. to be drilled 7. an 8. independently 9. promoting 10. to 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国用盾构法建造的最长的隧道。 1. 考查形容词最高级。句意：这条隧道是中国使用盾构隧道法建造的最长的高速公路隧道。根据句意和空白前的定冠词the可知，此处应用形容词long的最高级形式longest“最长的”，作前置定语，修饰名词expressway tunnel。故填longest。 2. 考查动词语态。句意：据承担该项目的北京首都公路发展集团有限公司介绍，该隧道工程全长7.4公里，设计为中层为双向六车道高速公路，上层为排烟孔，下层为疏散和救援通道。此处描述项目的设计特点，时态应用一般现在时，且design“设计”与the tunnel project为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，be designed to do sth. 表示“被设计来做某事”，主语the tunnel project为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is designed。 3. 考查连词。句意：据承担该项目的北京首都公路发展集团有限公司介绍，该隧道工程全长7.4公里，设计为中层为双向六车道高速公路，上层为排烟孔，下层为疏散和救援通道。“a two-way six-lane expressway on the middle level”、“smoke vent (排烟孔) on the upper level”与“evacuation (疏散) and rescue routes on the lower level”是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 4. 考查序数词。句意：该隧道是北京市东六环路项目的一部分。表示“第六”，应用序数词sixth。故填sixth。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：隧道最深部分位于地下75米，是北京目前最深的地下隧道。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The deepest section of the tunnel，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：今年6月，该项目的西隧道率先打通。本空作序数词the first的定语，用不定式，且the first指代the project，与drill through“打通”为被动关系，用不定式的被动形式。故填to be drilled。 7. 考查冠词。句意：本工程采用的盾构掘进机由中国企业自主设计制造，掘进直径16.07米，长度约145米。excavation diameter为首次提及，且表示泛指“一个”开挖直径，应用不定冠词，excavation以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 8. 考查副词。句意：本工程采用的盾构掘进机由中国企业自主设计制造，掘进直径16.07米，长度约145米。修饰动词designed和made，应用副词independently“独立地”，作状语。故填independently。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：隧道工程为促进产业发展和规划大型园区腾出了更多地面空间，为北京副中心通州区高质量发展和京津冀地区交通协调发展作出了贡献。介词for后应用promote“促进”的动名词形式，作宾语。故填promoting。 10. 考查固定搭配。句意：隧道工程为促进产业发展和规划大型园区腾出了更多地面空间，为北京副中心通州区高质量发展和京津冀地区交通协调发展作出了贡献。contribute to为固定搭配，意为“为……作出贡献”。故填to。 Passage 9 （23-24高二下·湖北·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Math powers a wide range of modern technology, from phones and cameras to aircraft and artificial intelligence. It 1 (become) a propeller (推进器) that puts companies on a path toward success. In a 2023 interview, Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei explained 2 math theories have made some technological advancements possible. Ren mentioned Pyotr Ufimtsev, 3 physicist and mathematician from the Soviet Union. Ufimtsev published an 4 (innovation) paper in the 1960s that dealt with the reflection of electromagnetic waves (电磁波). This paper inspired engineers at Lockheed Martin, a US aerospace firm, 5 (develop) the concept of stealth aircraft (隐形飞机). “Physics, civil engineering and mechanics are associated with math, 6 can provide solutions in many areas.” To develop more math talents, Huawei established two research institutes, one in Russia and the other in France. These institutes focus on mathematics, 7 (employ) over 700 mathematicians. Like Huawei, many Chinese companies are 8 (heavy) investing in mathematics and research and development (R&D) to lessen their 9 (dependent) on Western technology and strengthen their global market position. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, China plans to increase its R&D budget 10 more than 7 percent annually throughout its 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) period. 【答案】 1. has become 2. how 3. a 4. innovative 5. to develop 6. which 7. employing 8. heavily 9. dependence 10. by 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了数学在现代科技发展中起着重要的推动作用，华为通过加大数学研发投入，减少对西方技术的依赖，以此提升全球市场竞争力。 1. 考查时态。句意：它已经成为推动企业走向成功之路的推进器。它已经成为让公司走向成功的推进器。become是瞬间动词，has become表示已经完成，已经成为，是一种结果。故填has become。 2. 考查宾语从句的连词。句意：在2023年的一次采访中，华为创始人任正非解释了数学理论是如何使某些技术进步成为可能的。explain后面接宾语从句，根据句意，表示“如何，怎样”，需要用连词how来引导。故填how。 3. 考查冠词。句意：任正非提到了来自苏联的物理学家和数学家彼得·乌菲姆采夫。这里需要用不定冠词a来修饰单数可数名词physicist。故填a。 4. 考查形容词。句意：乌菲姆采夫在20世纪60年代发表了一篇关于电磁波反射的创新论文。这里需要用形容词innovative来修饰名词paper。故填innovative。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这篇论文激发了美国航空制造商洛克希德·马丁公司的工程师们发展隐形飞机的概念。inspire sb to do sth结构中，需要用不定式to develop作宾语补足语。故填to develop。 6. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：物理学、土木工程学和力学都与数学相关联，这些学科可以在许多领域提供解决方案。这里需要用which引导非限制性定语从句，对前面提到的学科进行补充说明。故填which。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些研究所专注于数学，雇佣了700多名数学家。句子已经存在谓语focus，需要用非谓语动词作状语，主语These institutes和动词employ之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词employing作状语。故填employing。 8. 考查副词。句意：像华为一样，许多中国公司正在大力投资数学和研究开发，以减少对西方技术的依赖。heavily是副词，用来修饰动词investing。故填heavily。 9. 考查名词。句意：为了减少对西方技术的依赖，这些公司正在增加数学和研发的投资。横线前有their，说明横线处填名词，dependence是名词。故填dependence。 10. 考查介词。句意：根据国家统计局的数据，中国计划在其十四五计划Passage 10 （2021-2025年）期间每年将其研发预算增加超过7%。by用于表示增加的幅度，increase by也是个固定搭配，意思是“增加了……”。故填by。 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11 （23-24高二下·福建福州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The special national flag unfurled from June 3 to 4 by the lander of the Chang’e 6 lunar probe has caught the attention of people around the world. It is the first time that flag of any country 1 (raise) on the far side of the moon. Remarkably, the flag is made of basalt fibers (玄武岩纤维), which is excellent at thermal insulation (隔热) and radiation resistance so that it can withstand the harsh lunar environment. According to Xu, the Chang’e 6 flag is the same size as the one 2 (display) during the Chang’e 5 mission. It measures 30 centimeters 3 20 centimeters, about 4 size of a sheet of A4 paper. The density of the basalt fibers used in the Chang’e 6 flag is nearly twice 5 of the Chang’e 5 flag, which suggests that the basalt fiber flag should be heavier. However, Xu’s team developed super - thin basalt fibers, which are only one-third the 6 (wide) of human hair. This made the Chang’e 6 flag weigh only 11.3 grams, which is 0.5 grams lighter than the Chang’e 5 flag. Lightweight and flexible, basalt fiber will be 7 (increasing) used in the aerospace sector for applications such as spacesuits, spacecraft, and lunar bases, said Xu. His team is also investigating the use of basalt fibers 8 (create) clothes and bags that can withstand high temperatures and prevent fires. Typical firefighting suits made of materials burn at high temperatures of 550℃. 9 , basalt fiber clothes can handle up to 1,600℃. “So it can be used for a short time at a high temperature of 1,200℃, 10 for a long time at 800℃,” said Cao Genyang, a professor on Xu’s team. 【答案】 1. has been raised 2. displayed 3. by 4. the 5. that 6. width 7. increasingly 8. to create 9. However 10. and/or 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了6月3日至4日，嫦娥六号月球探测器在月球上展开的特殊国旗引起了全世界人民的关注。 1. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这是第一次有国家的国旗在月球背面升起。设空处为谓语，It is the first time that后从句的时态用现在完成时，主语flag of any country和谓语动词raise之间是被动关系，主语flag of any country单数，谓语单数形式，故填has been raised。 2. 考查过去分词。句意：据徐介绍，嫦娥六号的旗帜与嫦娥五号任务时展示的旗帜大小相同。display为非谓语动词，the one指代“旗帜”，display和the one是逻辑被动关系，display用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填displayed。 3. 考查介词。句意：它的尺寸为30厘米乘20厘米，大约是一张A4纸的大小。根据下文“about 　　4　　 size of a sheet of A4 paper”可知它的尺寸应该是30厘米乘20厘米，用介词by表示乘以，故填by。 4. 考查冠词。句意：同上。根据下文的“of a sheet of A4 paper”可知特指A4那个尺寸，应用定冠词the，故填the。 5. 考查代词。句意：嫦娥六号旗所用玄武岩纤维的密度几乎是嫦娥五号旗的两倍，这表明玄武岩纤维旗应该更重。设空处代替上文的density，不可数名词，代指不可数名词应用that，故填that。 6. 考查名词。句意：然而，徐的团队开发了超薄的玄武岩纤维，其宽度只有人类头发的三分之一。设空处前有the修饰，应用名词，表示“宽度”，故填width。 7. 考查副词。句意：徐说，玄武岩纤维重量轻、柔韧，将越来越多地用于航天服、航天器和月球基地等航空航天领域。设空处修饰谓语动词be used，应用副词increasingly作状语，故填increasingly。 8. 考查不定式。句意：他的团队也在研究使用玄武岩纤维来制造能承受高温和防火的衣服和袋子。设空处作目的状语，create应用不定式形式，故填to create。 9. 考查副词。句意：然而，玄武岩纤维的衣服可以承受高达1600℃的高温。设空处修饰整个句子，应用副词作状语，表示“然而”并且有逗号隔开，应用however，句首单词首字母大写，故填However。 10. 考查连词。句意：“因此，它可以在1200℃的高温下短时间使用，也/或者可以在800℃的高温下长时间使用，”徐教授团队的曹根阳教授说。根据上文“for a short time at a high temperature of 1,200℃和for a long time at 800℃”可知上下文之间是并列或者选择的关系，可以用连词and和or连接，故填and/or。 Passage 12 （23-24高二下·湖北·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Planting 200 acres of rice in two hours, I didn’t dare to dream of such efficiency in the past,” Xie Feilong, a farmer from Liuyuan town of Aksu Prefecture (地区) of Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, expressed 1 (he) gratitude for the use of drones (无人机) to plant rice this year. Xie’s family has planted over 3,000 acres of rice. In previous years, during the rice planting season, the whole family and several dozen workers would walk into the 2 (ice) rice fields to plant seeds. “Last year, some people in the village 3 (use) drones to plant rice. I was hesitant because I wasn’t sure whether it would work well, so I didn’t dare to try it. As it turned out, the rice 4 (plant) with drones by others was evenly distributed and at the right density (密度), 5 saved time, effort and money. This year, I also employed drones for planting, removing the need for the whole family 6 (work) in the cold water,” Xie said. On April 22, 2024, 14,000 acres of rice in 7 town Xie comes from were all planted using drones, achieving mechanized planting. It’s expected that this year’s rice output will range from 700 8 900 kilograms per acre, 9 (generate) income of around 700 to 1,000 yuan per acre. In 2024, Aksu Prefecture plans to plant 100,000 acres of rice. The prefecture has greatly promoted the use of new technologies and equipment in agriculture, innovated service models and 10 (active) promoted services such as drone planting and pest control. 【答案】 1. his 2. icy 3. used 4. planted 5. which 6. to work 7. the 8. to 9. generating 10. actively 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。中国西北部新疆维吾尔族自治区阿克苏地区柳原镇的农民谢飞龙对今年使用无人机种植水稻表示感谢，对如此的高效率表示了赞叹。文章对此进行了详细报道。 1. 考查代词。句意：中国西北部新疆维吾尔族自治区阿克苏地区柳原镇的农民谢飞龙对今年使用无人机种植水稻表示感谢，他说：“两小时种植200英亩水稻，过去我不敢梦想这样的效率。”修饰名词gratitude，应用形容词性物主代词his。故填his。 2. 考查形容词。句意：往年，在水稻播种季节，全家和几十名工人都会走进冰冷的稻田播种。修饰名词fields ，作定语，应用形容词icy表示“冰冷的”。故填icy。 3. 考查动词时态。句意：去年，村里的一些人使用无人机种植水稻。根据last year可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填used。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：事实证明，其他人用无人机种植的水稻分布均匀，密度合适，节省了时间、精力和金钱。动词plant意为“种植”，和系动词之间没有连词，和主语构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填planted。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：事实证明，其他人用无人机种植的水稻分布均匀，密度合适，节省了时间、精力和金钱。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且关系词指代前文整句话，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：今年，我还使用了无人机来种植，这样全家人就不用在冷水中工作了。the need to do意为“做某事的需要”，此处应用to do不定式，作后置定语。动词work意为“工作”。故填to work。 7. 考查冠词。句意：2024年4月22日，谢所在的城镇14000亩水稻全部采用无人机种植，实现了机械化种植。根据“Xie comes from”可知，此处特指谢所在的城镇，应用定冠词the。故填the。 8. 考查介词。句意：预计今年的水稻产量将在每英亩700到900公斤之间，每英亩的收入约为700到1000元。固定搭配from..to...意为“从……到……”，此处应用介词to。故填to。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：预计今年的水稻产量将在每英亩700到900公斤之间，每英亩的收入约为700到1000元。动词generate意为“产生”，和谓语之间没有连词，且表示一种自然产生的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填generating。 10. 考查副词。句意：大力推广农业新技术、新设备应用，创新服务模式，积极推广无人机种植、病虫害防治等服务。此处修饰动词promoted，应用副词actively表示“积极地”，作状语。故填actively。 Passage 13 （23-24高二下·广东汕头·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a first for Victoria, La Trobe University has teamed up with Waratah Special Developmental School to trial a robot called Matilda as a classroom companion (伙伴). Matilda has been working across four classrooms to assist teachers in 1 (create) positive social engagements and entertaining learning activities for students. Research project leader Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Khaksar said the robot is being personalised to empower (使更强大) teachers and enhance 2 (they) work. “Matilda can recognise human voices and faces, detect emotions, read and recite text, dance and play music,” Dr Khaksar said. “This study is about assisting both teachers and students, 3 (particular) those with special educational needs, 4 face special challenges in learning environments. It will measure how social robots can motivate children with special needs 5 (learn) and engage in the classroom better.” Dr Khaksar said feedback (反馈) from teachers — 6 (take) before, during and after classes — has been crucial in helping shape and develop a more effective companion robot. In addition to teacher feedback, student 7 (interact) has proved overwhelmingly positive. Waratah Special Developmental School Principal, Jennifer Wallace, said 8 has been an increase in students' willingness to engage with the robot and they've seen an improvement in communication and social skills. Students are highly 9 (excite) and they actively participate 10 activities facilitated through the robot, and they are demonstrating an increased willingness to wait and take turns after spending time with the robot. 【答案】 1. creating 2. their 3. particularly 4. who 5. to learn 6. taken 7. interaction 8. there 9. excited 10. in 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在维多利亚州，拉筹伯大学首次与瓦拉塔特殊发展学校合作，试用一个名为玛蒂尔达的机器人作为课堂伙伴的情况。 1. 考查动名词。句意：玛蒂尔达一直在四个教室工作，帮助教师为学生创造积极的社会参与和有趣的学习活动。此处为固定短语assist sb in doing sth“帮助某人做某事”，所以此处为动名词形式。故填creating。 2. 考查代词。句意：研究项目负责人赛义德·穆罕默德·萨德格·卡尔萨表示，该机器人正在进行个性化设计，以增强教师的能力，提高他们的工作水平。由空后work为名词可知，此处为形容词性物主代词作定语修饰该名词。故填their。 3. 考查副词。句意：这项研究旨在帮助教师和学生，特别是那些在学习环境中面临特殊挑战的有特殊教育需求的学生。分析句子可知，此处为副词particularly“尤其”作状语修饰后面整个句子，满足句意要求。故填particularly。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：这项研究旨在帮助教师和学生，特别是那些在学习环境中面临特殊挑战的有特殊教育需求的学生。此处为关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词students在从句中作主语成分。故填who。 5. 考查动词不定式。句意：它将衡量社交机器人如何激励有特殊需要的儿童更好地学习和参与课堂活动。此处为固定短语motivate sb to do“激励某人做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式。故填to learn。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：哈克萨尔博士说，老师们在课前、课间和课后的反馈对塑造和开发更有效的伴侣机器人至关重要。该句谓语动词为said，此处应为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰feedback，feedback和take为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填taken。 7. 考查名词。句意：除了老师的反馈，学生的互动也被证明是非常积极的。空后has proved为该句的谓语动词，此处应为名词形式作句子的主语成分。故填interaction。 8. 考查there be句型。句意：沃拉塔特殊发展学校校长詹妮弗·华莱士说，学生们越来越愿意与机器人互动，他们也看到了沟通和社交技能的提高。此处为固定句型there has been…表示“曾经有……”，满足句意要求。故填there。 9. 考查形容词。句意：学生们非常兴奋，他们积极参与通过机器人促进的活动，并且在与机器人共度时光后，他们表现出越来越多的等待和轮流的意愿。根据句意以及空前are系动词可知，此处为形容词excited“兴奋的”作表语，满足句意要求。故填excited。 10. 考查动词短语。句意：学生们非常兴奋，他们积极参与通过机器人促进的活动，并且在与机器人共度时光后，他们表现出越来越多的等待和轮流的意愿。此处为动词短语participate in“参加”，满足句意要求。故填in。 Passage 14 （23-24高二下·安徽六安·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With the launch of the third electric car model, BYD India will concentrate on strengthening its leadership position in the luxury electric vehicle (EV) segment (部分) and aims to expand India’s charging infrastructure (基础设施). BYD India launched its electric SEAL cars on March 5, 1 prices are between $49,400 and $64,000, as it plans to cover 90 percent of the EV market in India by the end of the year, according to a press release issued by BYD India. The company plans to bring more products into the Indian market 2 line with consumers’ demand and India’s evolving electric vehicle market, according to Sanjay Gopalakrishnan, vice-president of BYD India. “India still lacks more than 60 percent of needed charging stations 3 (meet) the current demand”, experts said. “Our current focus is on strengthening our position in the luxury EV segment with our 4 (exist) products and expanding our network,” Gopalakrishnan said. “We are confident that it will play a very 5 (significance) role in accelerating the new energy vehicle revolution in India.” Last year, the Indian government turned down the 6 (propose) of BYD’s to invest $1 billion in locally manufactured electric vehicles in the country. The Economic Survey of India predicts a strong 49 percent annual growth rate for India’s domestic electric vehicle market from 2024 to 2030. Annual sales 7 (believe) to have reached 10 million by 2030. The BYD expects that in 2030, one in every three cars to be sold in India will be electric. BYD said the adoption of electrification in the country is progressing 8 expected. It is said that the 9 (company) launch of the BYD SEAL cars will help strengthen its presence in this space. “We are surprised that customers in India are so 10 (incredible) responsive to that,” Gopalakrishnan said in a press statement issued by the BYD on March 6. 【答案】 1. whose 2. in 3. to meet 4. existing 5. significant 6. proposal 7. are believed 8. as 9. company’s 10. incredibly 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了比亚迪印度公司推出第三款电动汽车模型，并计划加强其在豪华电动汽车领域的领导地位，同时扩大印度的充电基础设施。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：比亚迪印度公司于3月5日推出了其电动SEAL汽车，价格介于49,400美元至64,000美元之间，该公司计划在今年年底前覆盖印度90%的电动汽车市场。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“electric SEAL cars”，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作prices的定语，用关系代词whose，故填whose。 2. 考查介词短语。句意：据比亚迪印度副总裁Sanjay Gopalakrishnan表示，公司计划根据消费者需求和印度不断发展的电动汽车市场，将更多产品引入印度市场。in line with为固定短语，表示“符合……的”含义，故填in。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：专家表示，印度仍然缺少超过60%的必要的充电站以满足当前需求。分析句子结构可知，此处应用不定式形式作目的状语，故填to meet。 4. 考查形容词。句意：Gopalakrishnan表示：“我们目前的焦点是通过现有产品加强我们在豪华电动汽车领域的地位，并扩大我们的网络。”分析句子结构，用形容词existing (现有的、现存的)作定语，修饰后面名词products，故填existing。 5. 考查形容词。句意：我们有信心这将在加速印度新能源汽车革命方面发挥非常重要的作用。分析句子结构，用形容词significant (重要的)作定语，修饰名词role，故填significant。 6. 考查名词。句意：去年，印度政府拒绝了比亚迪在该国投资10亿美元生产本地制造电动汽车的提议。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词proposal (提议)，结合句意，单数形式，故填proposal。 7. 考查时态和语态。句意：预计到2030年，年销售额将达到1000万辆。因句子的主语Annual sales和谓语动词believe之间为被动关系，此处为被动语态，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，注意主谓一致，故填are believed。 8. 考查固定短语。句意：比亚迪表示，该国电气化的采用正在按预期进行。as expected为固定短语，含义为“按照预期的方式”，故填as。 9. 考查名词。句意：据说，比亚迪SEAL汽车的推出将有助于加强其在该领域的影响力。空白处在句子中作定语，应使用名词所有格，故填company’s。 10. 考查副词。句意：Gopalakrishnan在比亚迪于3月6日发布的新闻声明中表示：“我们惊讶地发现，印度的顾客对此反应如此积极。”分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语修饰形容词responsive，使用副词incredibly (极其)，故填incredibly。 Passage 15 （23-24高二下·上海·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Measure Your Stress with Fitness Trackers Not sure if it’s time for stress management? Check your watch. Toxic stress, caused by pandemic, 1 (fuel) a wave of new stress management trackers. Offered in health monitoring devices by companies such as Fitbit, WHOOP, and others, they aim to make users more informed of stress and learn tools for handling it. These trackers collect information on metrics such as heart rate, skin temperature, and sleep quality 2 cutting-edge sensors in smart watches, wristbands, and rings. They also continuously assess heart rate variability, or HRV, 3 is the balance between the body’s systems for ramping up to a challenge and slowing down to rest. Some, such as Google’s Fitbit, 4 (measure) electrical changes in certain sweat glands (腺体) that respond to stress and emotional arousal. This invisible “electrodermal” sweat “contains extra information about stress 5 HRV,” says Hugo Posada-Quintero, biomedical engineering professor at the University of Connecticut, “which can also be a measure of emotional responses.” When 6 (combine), these metrics reveal psychological stress—like chronic worrying or work aggravation—that damages health and 7 otherwise escape our awareness. This so-called “unrecognized stress” is common in people with busy lifestyles. The trackers show 8 other stressors, like exercise, are beneficial in the right amounts. 9 some physical responses to exercise resemble unhealthy stress, the trackers may distinguish good stress from bad. If you’re moving your body in specified ways, they can determine that your fast pulse is from road running, not road rage. 10 (quantify) your habits and experiences can encourage behavior changes for stress management. If you eat a large, sugary meal before bed, for example, your stress numbers go up the digestive overload increases heart rate. The sensors will further detect how the late meal disrupts sleep. 【答案】 1. has fueled 2. with 3. which 4. measure 5. beyond 6. combined 7. may/might 8. that 9. Although/Though/While 10. Quantifying 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了健身追踪器如何帮助用户监测和管理压力，通过介绍其工作原理、测量的生理指标以及如何通过数据鼓励用户采取减压措施，展现了科技产品在健康管理领域的应用。 1. 考查现在分词。句意：由疫情引发的有毒压力，推动了一波新的压力管理追踪器的出现。fuel“推动，加强，刺激”。句子描述的是过去到现在的一个持续影响，所以时态使用现在完成时，主语Toxic stress为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has fueled。 2. 考查介词。句意：这些追踪器利用智能手表、腕带和戒指中的尖端传感器收集心率、皮肤温度和睡眠质量等指标的信息。本空用介词with“利用”，表示使用某种工具或手段。故填with。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：他们还持续评估心率变异性，即HRV，这是身体系统在迎接挑战和减速休息之间的平衡。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是HRV，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4. 考查动词时态。句意：一些追踪器，如Google的Fitbit，测量某些对压力和情绪唤醒有反应的汗腺的电变化。measure“测量”。本句描述一般事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为Some，故谓语用动词原形。故填measure。 5. 考查介词。句意：这种看不见的“皮肤电”汗液，康涅狄格大学生物医学工程教授雨果·波萨达-金特罗说：“包含了心率变异之外的额外压力信息，这也可以作为情绪反应的衡量标准。”本空用介词beyond“超出”，表示超出HRV之外还有额外的信息。故填beyond。 6. 考查状语从句省略。句意：当这些指标结合在一起时，它们揭示了损害健康的心理压力，比如长期的忧虑或工作加剧的压力，这些压力可能逃过我们的意识。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中When引导的时间状语从句完整句子为When these metrics are_____ (combine)，these metrics与combine“（使）结合”为被动关系，用are combined，作谓语，省略these metrics are，保留过去分词。故填combined。 7. 考查情态动词。句意：当这些指标结合在一起时，它们揭示了损害健康的心理压力，比如长期的忧虑或工作加剧的压力，这些压力可能逃过我们的意识。本空用情态动词may或minght“可能”，表示这种压力有可能逃过我们的注意。故填may或might。 8. 考查宾语从句。句意：追踪器显示其他压力源，如锻炼，在适量的情况下是有益的。本空引导宾语从句，作show的宾语，从句中不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故填that。 9. 考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管某些锻炼引起的生理反应类似于不健康的应激反应，但追踪器可以区分好压力和坏压力。前后句意存在转折关系，应用although/though/while“虽然”引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：量化你的习惯和经历可以鼓励你改变管理压力的行为。本句谓语为can encourage，此处为非谓语动词，本空用quantify“量化”的动名词，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Quantifying。 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$