2025届上海市高考英语模拟卷练习一

2024-2025学年上海高考模拟卷练习一 高考英语上海卷 模拟试卷(一) II.Grammar and Vocabulary(每题1分，共20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The original idea for an urban bike-sharing scheme dates back to a summer's day in Amsterdam in 1965. Provo, the organisation that came up with the idea, was a group of Dutch activists who wanted to change society. They believed the scheme, (2l) was known as the Witte Fietsenplan, was an answer to the (22) (perceive)threats of air pollution and consumerism. In the centre of Amsterdam, they painted a small number of used bikes white. They also distributed leaflets describing the dangers of cars and inviting people to use the white bikes. The bikes were then left unlocked at various locations around the city, (23) (use)by anyone in need of transport. Luud Schimmelpennink, a Dutch industrial engineer who still lives and cycles in Amsterdam,(24) (heavily involve)in the original scheme. He recalls how the scheme succeeded in attracting a great deal of attention -particularly when it came to (25) (publicise)Provo's aims-but struggled to get of the ground. The police were opposed to Provo's initiatives and almost(26) the white bikes were distributed around the city, they removed them. However, for Schimmelpennink and for bike-sharing schemes in general, this was just the beginning.Things got more serious when he became a member of the Amsterdam city council two years later. Schimmelpennink seized this opportunity to present a more elaborate Witte Fietsenplan to the city council. "My idea was that the municipality(市政府)of Amsterdam (27) distribute 10, 000 white bikes over the city,for everyone to use, " he explains. "I made serious calculations. It turned out that a white bicycle -per person, per kilometre-would cost the municipality only 10%of (28) it contributed to public transport per person per kilometre. '"'Nevertheless, the council unanimously( - 致地)rejected the plan. “They said that the bicycle belongs to the past. They saw a glorious future for the car, "says Schimmelpennink. But he was not in(29) (discouraged). Schimmelpennink never stopped believing in bike-sharing, and in the mid-90s, two Danes asked for his help to set up a system in Copenhagen. The result was the world's first large- scale bike-share programme. It worked (30 ) a deposit:“You dropped a coin in the bike and when you returned it, you got your money back.’ Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. found B. addressing C. source D. comparatively E. Flocking F.comparing G. pulled H. alternative l. boundaries J.overwhelmingly K.walled As the fate of TikTok hangs in the balance, U.S. TikTok users are 31 to the Chinese social media app Xiaohongshu, also called RedNote-making it the top downloaded app in the U.S. Some of the"TikTok refugees,"as they call themselves, saytheTikTok 32, a Chinese app, is being chosen in protest of the TikTok ban. Americans introduced themselves with hashtag TikTok refugees, "ask me anything" attitude and posting photos of their pets to pay their hosts'“cat tax. "Parents swapped stories about raising kids and Swifties(泰勒·斯威夫特的歌迷)from both countries,of course,quickly 33 each other. It's a rare moment of direct contact between two online worlds that are usually kept apart by language, corporate 34 ,and system of online censorship(审核). “When they tell us you can't have a Chinese app anymore, we go straight to another Chinese app, "said Katie Lawson, a farmer in Tulsa, Oklahoma, who has posted videos of her chickens and saved many recipes from the app .“We're going to go explore that country and their values ourselves. We're going to go straight to the 35 . Although TikTok is owned by a Chinese parent company, the short video platform popular with Generation Z is an international app whose content and users are 36 off from those of the Chinese version, Douyin. Xiaohongshu's 300 million monthly active users are 37 Chinese-so much so that parts of its interface have no English-language version,They skew(编向heavily female,often 38 strangers simply as"sister.” A large number of American users say they've received a warm welcome from the community, with #TikTokrefugee.Users from both countries are 39 notes on grocery prices, rent, health insurance, medical bills and the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, Parents talk about what the kids learn in school in two countries.Some have already joined book clubs and are building up a community. Chinese students 40 out their English homework, looking for help. II.Reading Comprehension(45 分) Section A(每题1分，共15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term"plant neurobiology"was 4l around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be compared to intelligence in animals. Though plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that 42 consciousness,researchers previously reported. But such an idea is nonsense, according to the authors of a recent article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating,but it differs so greatly from that of animals that so-called evidence of plants" intelligence is fascinating but 43 ,the scientists wrote. In animals, neurobiology refers to the biological mechanisms through which a nervous system 44 behavior,according to Harvard's Mind Brain Behavior Interfaculty initiative. Over millions of years, brains in diverse animal species have evolved to produce behaviors that experts identify as 45 :Among them are reasoning and problem-solving,tool use and self-recognition. Beginning in 2006, some scientists have 46 that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, forming"'a plant nervous system, similar in some way to that in animals, "said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, a professor at the University of California Santa Cruz. This 47 makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain,48 it to an array of electrical pulses;cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals, according to the article. However, the signaling in a plant is only 49 similar to the billions of synapses( 突触 )firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than" a mass of cells that communicate by electricity, "Taiz said. "For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a certain 50 of complexity and capacity is required. " Other researchers who recently investigated the neuroscience of consciousness - awareness of one's world and a(n) 51 of self-found that in animals, only vertebrates,arthropods and cephalopods(脊椎动物、节足动物、头足动物)had brains complex enough to enable them to be conscious. “If the lower animals -which have nervous systems--lack consciousness,the 52 that plants without nervous systems have consciousness are effectively zero. " Taiz said. And what's so great about consciousness, anyway?Plants can't run away from danger, so investing energy in a body system that recognizes a threat and can feel pain would be a very poor 53 strategy, according to the article. "Being conscious may seem like 54 fun for plants being cared for in a garden, but imagine, for example, the plight( 图 境)of trees during a forest fire. I would not wish to 55 trees to the consciousness and pain of being. Section B(每题2分，共22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Grade inflation -the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages)over the past few decades -is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.But another, related force -a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called"grade forgiveness"-is helping raise GPAs. Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student's overall GPA. The use of this little-know practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school(and paying tuition)and improve their graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago,it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level, courses, but now most colleges, except for many selective campuses ,allow all undergraduates,and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven. College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty."Ultimately, "said Jack Miner, Ohio State University's registrar, "we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent courses or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.” That said. there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges' own needs as well. For public institutions,state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention -so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students-- who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill -feel they've gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges. Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers' expectations for higher education. Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a lob, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible-or at least appear to be. On this, students' and colleges' incentives seem to be aligned. 56. What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation? A. The change of course catalogs B.Students' indifference to GPAs B. Colleges' neglect of GPAs. D. The influence of consumer culture 57. What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness? A. To help freshmen adapt to college learning. B. To maintain colleges' graduation rates. C. To prepare graduates for a challenging future D. To increase universities' income from tuition. 58. What does the underlined phrase "to be aligned"most probably mean? A. To counterbalance each other. B. To complement each other. B. To be identical with each other D. To be contradictory to each other 59. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Grade forgiveness is a new policy that has only been implemented in the last few years B. Grade forgiveness enables colleges to obtain more financial support. C. Grade forgiveness is primarily used to increase students' GPAs and boost student enrollments D. Grade forgiveness is unrelated to the expectations of parents regarding the value of a college degree. (B) SHELTER AFRIOUE: Seeking an independent board director 1.0 ABOUT SHELTER AFRIQUE Shelter Afrique is the only pan-African finance institution that exclusively supports the development of the housing and real estate sector in Africa. By meeting the needs of the continent's rapidly growing urban population, our work has a direct and positive impact on the lives of many. 2.0 ROLE SPECIFICATION Shelter Afrique is seeking to appoint an Independent Non-Executive Director who will be expected to among others: .Contribute towards the Board's responsibility in ensuring that the Company's portfolio is properly invested and managed in accordance with the investment objective. .Maintain and enhance the range of the Board's skills, expertise, experience, and knowledge. .Maintain, through Board integrity, the reputation and profile of the Company. 3.0 PERSON SPECIFICATION The successful candidate will have a combination of the following characteristics: Required: .Diversity of thought:The successful candidate will bring diversity of thought to the board. .A background in managing NPLs or restructuring, fund/capital raising. .Experience of project finance is essential and specifically residential real estate investing would be an advantage. Applicants are invited to send a cover letter illustrating their suitability against the listed qualifications and detailed curriculum vitae as well as names and addresses of the referees to hr@shelterafrique. org. The deadline for submission is 3lst January 2025. Only short-listed applicants meeting the above requirements will be contacted. We invite you to learn more about Shelter-Afrique and about this role by accessing our website:http://www shelteralrique. org. 60. Which of the following is a required characteristic for the successful candidate applying for the position of Independent Non-Executive Director? A. Experience in marketing and advertising. B. A background in managing NPLs or restructuring. C. Knowledge of African cultural studies. D. Expertise in information technology. 61. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a responsibility of the Independent Non- Executive Director? A. Ensuring the company's portfolio is properly invested and managed. B. Maintaining and enhancing the Board's skills and expertise. C. Overseeing the day-to-day operations of the company. D. Maintaining the company's reputation through Board integrity. 62. What is the correct procedure for applicants interested in the position? A. Just send a cover letter and a resume to hr@shelterafrique. org. B. Submit a CV and contact information for referees to hr@shelterafrique. Org C. Apply by calling the Shelter Afrique HR department and wait to be interviewed. D. Contact the Shelter Afrique HR department directly to express interest in the role. (C) Humans arc fascinated by the source of their failings and virtues. This preoccupation inevitably leads to an old debate:whether nature or nurture moulds(铸)us more. A revolution in genetics has poised(平衡)this as a modern political question about the character of our society:if personalities are hard-wired into our genes, what can governments do to help us?It feels morally questionable, yet claims of genetic selection by intelligence are making headlines. This is down to"hereditarian(道传论的)" science and a recent paper claimed “differences in exam performance between pupils attending selective and non-selective schools mirror the genetic differences between them.”With such an assertion(断言), the work was predictably greeted by a lot of absurd(荒唐的)claims about"genetics determining academic success". What the research revealed was the rather less surprising result:the educational benefits of selective schools largely disappear once pupils' inborn ability and socioeconomic background were taken into account. It is a glimpse of the blindingly obvious -and there's nothing to back strongly either a hereditary or environmental argument. Yet the paper does say children are "unintentionally genetically selected"by the school system. Central to hereditarian science is a tall claim:that identifiable variations in genetic sequences can predict an individual's capability to learn, reason and solve problems. This is problematic on many levels. A teacher could not seriously tell a parent their child has a low genetic tendency to study when external factors clearly exist. Unlike-minded academics say the inheritability of human traits is scientifically unsound, At best there is a weak statistical association and not a causal link between DNA and intelligence.Yet sophisticated(精密的)statistics are used to create a threatening atmosphere of scientific certainty. While there's an undoubted genetic basis to individual difference, it is wrong to think that socially defined groups can be genetically accounted for, The fixation on genes as destiny is surely false too. Medical predictability can rarely be based on DNA alone;the environment matters too. Something as complex as intellect is likely to be affected by many factors beyond genes. If hereditarians want to advance their cause it will require more balanced interpretation and not just acts of advocacy. Genetic selection is a way of exerting influence over others, "'the ultimate collective control of human destinies, "as writer H. G. Wells put it. Knowledge becomes power and power requires a sense of responsibility. In understanding cognitive(认知的)ability, we must not elevate discrimination to a science:allowing people to climb the ladder of life only as far as their cells might suggest. This will need a more skeptical(怀疑的)eye on the science. As technology progresses,we all have a duty to make sure that we shape a future that we would want to find ourselves in. 63. What did the recent research paper claim? A. The type of school students attend makes a difference to their future. B. Genetic differences between students are far greater than supposed. C. The advantages of selective schools are too obvious to ignore. D. Students' academic performance is determined by their genes. 64. What does the author say about the relationship between DNA and intelligence? A. It is one of scientific certainty. B. It is not one of cause and effect. C. It is subject to interpretation of statistics. D. It is not fully examined by gene scientists 65. Which of the following statements docs the author agree with? A. The implication of the recent research was positive and enlightening. B. More sophisticated technology needs to be used to conduct the research. C. Hereditarians need to take all relevant factors into account in interpreting their data. D. Hereditarians need to cooperate with social scientists and gather gene data from people of all social classes. 66. What does the author warn against in the passage? A.Exaggerating the power of technology in shaping the world B.Losing sight of professional ethics in conducting research C.Misunderstanding the findings of human cognition research D.Promoting discrimination in the nae of science. Section C(每题2分，共8分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. These were made after the invasion of1940, when the country could potentially have been on its knees. B. Those were the days when audiences were expected to sit still and listen for hours at a time. C. Creating linguistic expressions that sum up a message has always been an essential part of these speeches. D. Renowned for having a sharp tongue, he used it to attain high office, win court cases and secure changes to governing policy. E. One of the most basic is the“rule of three”. F. The rhythm reinforces the entreaty for everyone to do their bit. What Makes a Great Speech? A speech will only be truly great when it perfectly fits the times in which it is delivered. It is this that enables the speech to change the world. Take, for example, the wartime broadcasts of the French statesman Charles de Gaulle. (67) However, the three speeches were made in such a way that they rallied the people and gave them hope. The result was that the French did not give in to the enemy and de Gaulle set off on his journey to being regarded as the saviour of France. If historical circumstance is the most important factor in any great speech, the choice of the right words for the occasion is another essential part of the mix, A detailed study of speeches through the centuries will reveal some tricks of the trade .(68) No one quite knows why, but speakers have always found that by grouping things together in threes they can hammer home their message. Once again, it is de Gaulle who gives us the perfect example. Instead of calling on men who have served in“any of France's armed forces", he issued his summons in sequence to men of the army, navy, and air force. Great speeches are often those that contain a sound bite -a short phrase that is considered to be particularly effective or appropriate.(69) Yet even the best sound bites rely on very old tricks. For example, John F.Kennedy's use of"Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.” Today, audience expectation has changed and so great speech-makers have had to adapt. Public meetings no longer attract the interest that they once did, and -in an increasingly distracting world-attention spans have declined. No modern political leader writes a speech running to tens of thousands of words, as they did in the past. (70) What is more, technology has had a huge effect. In the past, a momentous speech would reach most people as newsprint: but first radio, then TV and now the internet have changed that. Today, it is delivery that propels a speech into greatness. 第II卷(共 50 分) IV.Summary Writing(10分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 71. Are First Impressions Really Accurate? Are you a good judge of character?Can you make an accurate judgement of someone's personality based only on your first impression of them?Ironically, the answer lies as much in them as it does in you. One of the first people to try to identify good judges of character was US psychologist Henry F Adams in 1927. His research led him to conclude that people fell into two groups-good judges of themselves and good judges of others.Adams' s research has been widely criticised since then, but he wasn't entirely wrong about there being two distinct types. More on that in a moment, but first we need to define what a good judge of character is. ls it someone who can read personality or someone who can read emotion?Those are two distinct skills. Emotions such as anger or joy or sadness can generate easily identifiable physical signs. Most of us would probably be able to accurately identify these signs, even in a stranger. As such, most of us are probably good judges of emotion. In order to be a good judge of personality, however, there needs to be an interaction with the other person, and that person needs to be a"good target". “Good targets"are people who reveal relevant and useful cues to their personality. So this means "'the good judge"'will only manifest when reading"good targets". This is according to Rogers and Biesanz in their 2019 journal entitled"'Reassessing the good judge of personality". “We found consistent, clear and strong evidence that the good judge does exist, "Rogers and Biesanz concluded. But their key finding is that the good judge does not have magical gilts of perception - they are simply able to "detect and utilise information provided by the good target.” V.Translation(3+3+4+5,共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72.这艘船安全地停泊在港口，在暴风雨中给人一种稳定感。(anchor) 73.尽管同事们主动提出帮助，但这位销售员执意要独自完成这个项目。(insist) 74.在中国南方，人们认为吃汤圆会带来好运，确保来年和谐幸福。(believe) 75.这个角色是一个有远见和力量的女性，她在男性主导的钢铁行业中克服了重重障碍，在 20 世纪 90年代为自己开辟了一席之地。(carve) Vl.Guided Writing(25 分) Directions: Write an English composition in 1 50-180 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 76. 假设你是明启中学学生王磊，近期参加了一项名为“无手机日”的活动。活动结束后，你决定写一篇日记记录这项活动，内容须包括: 1 这一天你是怎么度过的; 2 你对这一天的体会。 参考答案 Il.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 21.which 22.perceived 23.to be used 24.was heavily involved 25.publicizing 26.as soon as 27.should 28.what 29.discouragement 30. with Section B 31.E32.H33.F34.I 35.C 36.G37.J38.B 39.F 40.A Il.Reading Comprehension Section A 41.A 42.C43.D44.B 45.A 46.C 47.C48.B 49.C 50.B 51.D 52.A 53.C 54.B 55.C Section B 56.D 57.A 58.C 59.B 60.B61.C62.B 63.D 64.B65.C66.D Section C 67. A68.E69.C 70.B IV. Summary Writing First impressions' accuracy depends on both the observer and the observed. Good judges of character can read emotions easily. To judge personality, interaction with “good targets” is needed. (52 words) V Translation 72. The ship is safely anchored in the port, giving people a sense of stability during the storm. 73 . Although his colleagues offered to help, the salesman insisted on finishing the project on his own. 74. In southern China, people believe that eating tangyuan can bring good luck and ensure harmony and happiness in the coming year. 75. This character is a woman with vision and strength,. She overcame numerous obstacles in the male - dominated steel industry and carved a niche for herself in the 1990s. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$