Unit 2 Rules around us（知识清单）英语新教材沪教版五四学制六年级下册

Unit2 Rules around us Rules around us 话题 制度与守则 词汇 1.rule /ru:l/ n.规则；规章 2.underground /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/ n.地铁；地下铁路系统 3.lean /li:n/ v.倚靠；倾斜 4.litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ v.乱扔 n.垃圾；废弃物 5.gap /ɡæp/ n.缺口；间隙 6.else /els/ adv.其他的；别的 7.escalator /ˈeskəleɪtə(r)/ n.自动扶梯 8.station /ˈsteɪʃn/ n.车站；(服务)台 9.announcement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/ n.公告；通告 10.passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ n.乘客；旅客 11.lift /lɪft/ n.电梯；升降机 12.platform /ˈplætfɔːm/ n.站台 13.line /laɪn/ n.线；线条 14.rush /rʌʃ/ v.迅速移动；急促 15.smoke /sməʊk/ v.吸烟；抽烟 16.seat /si:t/ n.座位 17.anyone /ˈeniwʌn/ pron.任何人 18.leave /li:v/ v.留下；离开 19.rubbish /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ n.垃圾；废弃物 20.glove /ɡlʌv/ n.手套 21.broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ adj.破损的；伤残的 22.container /kənˈteɪnə(r)/ n.容器 23.ready /ˈredi/ adj.准备好；准备完毕 24.follow /ˈfɒləʊ/ v.遵循；跟随 25.stay /steɪ/ v.保持；继续是 26.grow /ɡrəʊ/ v.逐渐变得；逐渐成为 27.important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ adj.重要的；有重大影响的 28.take turns轮流；依次 29.hurrah /həˈrɑ:/ excl.万岁；好哇 30.model /ˈmɒdl/ n.模型 31.pay /peɪ/ v.(与某些名词结合使用，表示将来要做或将付出某事物) 32.attention /əˈtenʃn/ n.注意；关注 33.pay attention to(对某人或某事)注意 34.dream /dri:m/ n.梦；梦想 35.outing /ˈaʊtɪŋ/ n.(集体)出外游玩(或学习)；远足 36.gate /ɡeɪt/ n.大门 短语 1.signs and rules标志和规则 2.see signs everywhere到处都能看到标志 3.part of our lives我们生活中的一部分 4.turn right向右转 5.no leaning禁止倚靠 6.no littering禁止乱扔垃圾 7.mind the gap注意间隙 8.on the escalator在自动扶梯上 9.in the underground station在地铁站 10.announcements for passengers乘客公告 11.on the platform在站台上 12.give your seat to sb.把你的座位让给某人 13.What’s the meaning of this sign?这个标志是什么意思？ 14.rules in different places不同地方的规则 15.an exchange student一个交换生 16.look at a display board in the clubroom看社团教室里的展板 17.wear open-toed shoes穿露趾鞋 18.leave rubbish on the floor在地上留垃圾 19.wear safety gloves戴安全手套 20.throw... into...把……扔进……里 21.be interested in对……感兴趣 22.follow the rules遵守规则 23.point out指出 24.be ready to do sth.准备好做某事 25.do some experiments做实验 26.keep safe保持安全 27.No food or drinks in the lab.实验室里禁止饮食。 28.stay healthy保持健康 29.share a rule story with sb.与某人分享一个规则故事 30.talk about rules in class在课堂上讨论规则 31.a better place without any rules一个更好的没有规则的地方 32.take turns to do sth.轮流做某事 33.listen to others carefully in class上课认真听讲 34.show his model plane展示他的飞机模型 35.pay attention to(对某人或某事)注意 36.keep quiet保持安静 37.wake up醒来；唤醒 38.have a dream做了一个梦 39.hear his mum’s voice听到他妈妈的声音 40.my opinion of the story我对于这个故事的观点 41.take Bob’s food without asking没有询问就拿走鲍勃的食物 42.help us behave well帮助我们表现得体 43.recommend this story推荐这个故事 44.a notice for an activity一项活动的通知 45.write a notice about rules for a school activity写一份关于学校活动规则的通知 46.have a spring outing进行春游 47.the Science and Technology Museum科技馆 48.meet at the school gate在学校大门口集合 49.stay with the groups和小组待在一起 50.No photos.禁止拍照。 51.have a good time玩得愉快 语法 祈使句和情态动词must 考点1. underground n.地铁；地下铁路系统 I go to work by underground every day.=I take the underground to work every day.我每天乘地铁去上班。 【提示】表示地铁这种交通工具时，通常使用the underground,不能用an underground。 如 ： I usually take a nap when I travel on the underground.我坐地铁的时候通 常会小睡一觉。 虽然这里on the underground并不特指某一班地铁，但不能使用on an underground。 考点2. lean v. (leaned/leant /lent/,leaned/leant)倚靠；倾斜 She leaned against the wall,feeling tired.她靠在墙上，感觉很累。 “No+动词-ing 形式”是一个常见的英语表达，用来表示禁止或不允许某 种行为。这种结构通常用于标志、通知或规则中，以明确指出某种行为是 不被允许的。 如： No smoking.(=You mustn't smoke here.)禁止吸烟。 No后面还可以直接跟名词，用来表示禁止。 如： No photography/cameras.禁止拍照。 使用no表示禁止时，话语通常比较简短，起到警示、警戒作用。 考点3.announcement n.公告；通告 The company will make an important announcement at the meeting.公司将在会议上发布一条重要通告。 We have an announcement about the coming sporting event.关于即将举行的这项体育赛事，我们有一则通知。 【联想】announce v.宣布，宣告(决定、计划等) announcer n. 广播员；播音员 考点4. passenger n.乘客；旅客 Please fasten your seat belts,passengers, as we are about to take off.各位乘客，请系好安全带，我们即将起飞。 announcement for passengers意为“乘客通告”,是在公共交通工具或站点，如火车、地铁、公交车或机场，用来向乘客传达信息的正式声明。 如： Ladies and gentlemen,this is an announcement for passengers.The train is about to arrive at the next station.Please prepare to disembark.女士们、先生们，这是乘客通告。列车即将到达下一站，请准备下车。 考点5.smoke v.吸烟；抽烟 Please don't smoke in this area.请不要在这个区域吸烟。 【联想】smoke n.烟雾 The smoke from the fire filled the sky.大火的烟雾弥漫了整个天空。 or是一个连词，用来连接选项或可能性。但在否定句中，or 通常意味着“和”,而不是提供选择 如： I don't want tea or coffee.我不想喝茶和咖啡。 (这里意味着两样都不想 要，即：既不想喝茶也不想喝咖啡。) 考点6. leave v.(left ,left)留下；离开 She left her keys on the table.她把钥匙留在了桌子上。 Please leave the room quietly.请安静地离开房间。 【提示】leave 作动词还有如下的常见用法。 (1)表示“忘带；丢下”。 如： She left her bag on the taxi yesterday.她昨天把包丢在出租车上了。 (2)表示“使保留；让……处于(某种状态、某地等)”。 如： Leave the door open,please.请把门开着吧。 考点7.dream n.梦；梦想 I thought someone came into the bedroom,but it was just a dream.我还以 为有人进了卧室，结果只是一场梦。 Her lifelong dream was to be a famous writer.她的毕生心愿就是成为一 名作家。 【联想】dream v.(dreamt ,dreamt或 dreamed,dreamed) 做梦；梦见；想象；梦想 have a dream做梦 I had a strange dream about a fierce wolf.我做了一个非常奇怪的梦，梦 见了一头凶猛的狼。 考点8.turn 在这里作名词，意为“(依次轮到的)机会”。 When it's your turn, take another card.轮到你时，再抓一张牌。 take turns 轮流；依次 【提示】take turns后可以接带to的动词不定式表示“轮流做某事”之意。 也可以接“(in+) 动词-ing形式”表示相同的含义。 如：We take turns to do the housework.我们轮流做家务。 Mum and Dad take turns(in)looking after his little brother.父母轮流照顾他的小弟弟。 1.祈使句 1.1.祈使句的基本用法 祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。常省略主语，谓语动词用原形。 1.1.1. 肯定的祈使句 ①句型：动词原形＋其他成分。Be careful! 小心！ ②＂Do＋祈使句＂表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。 ③please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。 Close the door, please. 请关门。 1.1.2. 否定的祈使句 ①常用句型：Don’t＋动词原形＋其他成分。Don’t be late for school again! 别再迟到了！ ②用Never开头：Never＋动词原形＋其他成分。 1.1.3. Let引导的祈使句 以Let开头的句子也是祈使句，表示陈述和建议。其否定形式有两种：Let...not或Don’t... 1.2祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换 1.2.1. ＂Let’s + 动词原形 + 其他＂可转换为＂Shall we + 动词原形 + 其他? ＂。 1.2.2. ＂祈使句 + and/or + 简单句＂可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。 1.3祈使句的应答语 1.3.1. 以Let’s开头的祈使句，其答语常用Good idea. /OK. /Yes, I’d love to. 等。 1.3.2. 其他肯定祈使句的应答语为Yes, I will. ；否定祈使句的应答语为Sorry/No, I won’t(do it again)。 2.must的用法考点 2.1.must 表示义务，意为“必须”，强调说话人的主观意志。 例 You must work hard.你必须努力工作。 辨析：must和have to的区别 情态动词 用法 must “必须”，表示说话人的主观意志；只有must这一种形式。 have to “必须，不得不”，强调客观需要；有人称、数和时态的变化。 例 You have to wear sports shoes when you climb a mountain.爬山的时候你必须穿运动鞋。 2.2.must表示推测时，指有根据、有把握的推测，只能用于肯定句。可以对现在、过去或将来的情况进行推测。 例You must be a middle school student.你一定是一名中学生。 2.3.must的否定形式mustn't意为“禁止，不许”，不能用来表示推测。表示否定推测时用can't,意为“不可能”。 You mustn't park your car on this street.不许把车停在这条街道上。 2.4.由must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用“Yes,...must”，否定回答用＂No,...needn't/don't have to”。 例－Must I learn these words by heart?我必须熟记这些单词吗？ －No,you needn't.不用。 一、单项选择 1．—Look at the sign. You ________ smoke here. —Sorry, I won’t. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．may not 2．If you want to know more information about the Olympic Games, please ________ the Internet. A．prepare B．search C．prepare for D．search for 3．—________ every day and you can have a strong body. —OK. I hope to keep healthy. A．Running B．Run C．Runs D．To run 4．—Tony, ________ bring your mobile phone to school. —Sorry, Mr Green. I won’t. A．can’t B．doesn’t C．don’t D．needn’t 5．—_______ I go to the movies with Jack, Mom? —Sure, but you _______ be back by 9:00. A．Can; may B．Should; must C．Can; must D．Must; can 6．For your safety, you ______ wear the car belt and slow down while driving on highways. A．might B．can C．need D．must 7．—Do I have to wash the dishes? —Yes, you ________. A．do B．have C．must D．can 8．Excuse me, sir. You ________ open the door before the taxi stops. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．may not D．don’t have to 9．________ your hands before meals. A．Washing B．To wash C．Wash D．Washes 10．—Let’s sing an English song here. —________ that. Please keep quiet. A．Do B．Don’t do C．Doing D．Does 二、选词填空 A．all right    B．ask for    C． beginning    D．excuse Here are some American classroom rules: ●If the teacher asks a question, you are expected to give an answer. If you don’t understand the question or don’t know the answer, it’s 11 to tell the teacher that you don’t know. He or she then knows what you need to learn. ●There is no 12 for not doing your homework. If you are absent, you should call your teacher and 13 homework. It is your duty to find out what homework you have missed. It is not the teacher’s responsibility to tell students about the homework they’ve missed. 三、阅读理解 Some students are talking about the rules in their family. Let’s see what rules they have at home. Tom 1. Do homework when I get home from school. 2. Go to bed before 10:00 p.m. on weekdays. 3. Don’t play computer games on weekends. Lily 1. Help parents do the housework on weekends. 2. Don’t go out with friends at night. 3. Draw pictures for an hour every day on weekdays. Jack 1. Get up early and make the bed. 2. Don’t eat fast food. 3. Do sports for about half an hour every day. 14．When does Tom go to bed on weekdays? A．Before 10:00 p.m. B．Before 10:30 p.m. C．Before 11:00 p.m. D．Before 11:30 p.m. 15．What does Lily have to do on weekends? A．Do her homework when she gets home from school. B．Do sports for about half an hour. C．Draw pictures for an hour. D．Help her parents do the housework. 16．How long does Lily need to draw pictures every day on weekdays? A．For 120 minutes. B．For 90 minutes. C．For 60 minutes. D．For 30 minutes. 17．What can we learn from the text? A．Tom can’t watch TV at home. B．Lily can’t go out with friends at night. C．Jack can’t play computer games after school. D．The three students all have to do sports every day. 18．What is the text mainly about? A．School life. B．Family rules. C．Family activities. D．Daily life. My name is Tina. There are many rules in my life. I think these rules are important for me. At home, I can’t play computer games on weekdays. I can play them for only half an hour on Sunday afternoon. I think it is good for my study because I can have much time to study. I must make the bed after I get up. _______ So my bedroom is always clean and tidy. My mother says keeping the room tidy is good for my health. I study at Sunny Middle School. It is big and new. At our school, we also have some rules. We can’t be late for school. So we must arrive at school on time. We must get to school before eight in the morning. We need to wear the school uniform every day. In class, we have to be quiet. We can’t listen to music. We can’t eat in the class. We must eat in the dining hall. After class, we can’t run in the hallways. Do you have rules in your life? Tell me about them. 19．What does Tina think of the rules in her life? A．Strict. B．Strange. C．Important. D．Interesting. 20．How long can Tina play computer games every week? A．For 30 minutes. B．For 35 minutes. C．For 40 minutes. D．For 45 minutes. 21．Which sentence can be put in the “_______” ? A．And I can listen to music in my room. B．And I have to brush my teeth after dinner. C．And I should read for an hour with friends. D．And I must clean my room every day. 22．When can Tina arrive at school? A．At 7:50 a. m. B．At 8:10 a. m. C．At 8:20 a. m. D．At 8:30 a. m. 23．What is the text mainly about? A．Rules in Tina’s life. B．Rules at Tina’s home. C．Tina’s school life. D．Tina’s tidy room. 四、完形填空 阅读短文，根据短文内容从各题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。 Dear Dr. Know, I’m not happy. I have too many rules（规矩）in my family. I have to 24 up at 6:00 every morning. I can’t be late 25 school. I can’t meet my friends after school 26 I have to take my dog for a walk. I have to get home at 5:00 pm. I can’t watch TV on school nights. And I have to be in bed by ten o’clock. On weekends, I have to clean my room and wash my clothes in the morning. Then I have to 27 English books. Later in the afternoon I have to go to the Children’s Palace to 28 how to play the piano. In the 29 , I have to play the piano for one hour. After that, I can go to bed. I don’t have any free time. What can I do? Yours, Susan 24．A．get B．call C．go D．come 25．A．at B．for C．on D．in 26．A．when B．so C．because D．why 27．A．write B．buy C．watch D．read 28．A．tell B．say C．see D．learn 29．A．morning B．afternoon C．evening D．class 五、短文填空 Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) Traveling by subway can sometimes be quite “exciting”, especially (尤其) when there are too many people on the subway. Sometimes you have to stay a 30 from hot water and coffee because it may spill (泼洒) on you. Passengers mustn’t eat or drink on the subway in some cities. According to the new subway rules in Beijing, only babies and sick people can eat and drink on the subway. If anyone else b 31 the rules, he or she must get off. In other cities like Shenzhen and Nanjing, if passengers eat or drink on the subway, they will be fined (罚款). Some people agree with the rules. They think the smells of food can make other passengers feel u 32 or angry because they fill (弥漫) the whole subway, especially in the hot summer. And if passengers eat or drink on the subway, people often spill their drinks. These things make the subway dirty. H 33 , some people are not happy with the rules. They think some people eat and drink on the subway because they live so far from their workplaces. They have no time to have breakfast before they go to work. E 34 on the subway saves their time. As for me, I think we should think more about people’s needs. We can p 35 some special places in many subway stations for passengers to eat and drink. 六、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文， 简略回答问题。 A School Trip Attention, please! I have something important to say. We’ll go on a school trip to the art museum this Friday. Here are some rules (规则) that we have to follow. To start with, you must be quiet in the museum. If you speak loudly, the workers in the museum will ask you to leave. Next, don’t take photos in the museum, because it’s bad for the paintings. But you can take a pen and a notebook to write down some important things. Finally, keep the museum clean and tidy while visiting. By the way, please call 2436-7866 if you have any questions. I hope we will have a good time there. That’s all. Thank you. 36．When will the students visit the art museum? 37．What can the students take to write down important things? 38．What can the students do if they have any questions about this trip? 39．How many rules are there in the passage? 40．What other rules for the museum do you know? (写出一个答案即可) 七、书面表达 41．俗话说 “没有规矩不成方圆”。规则帮助我们更好地生活，可见规则是多么重要。请你以“The Importance of Rules”为题，用英语写一篇短文，向大家介绍一下规则的重要性。 写作要求：（1）文中须列举至少规则的三个重要性，可适当发挥；          （2）文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称；          （3）词数70词左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。 提示词：area区域，方面 The Importance of Rules     Rules are very important in our life. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________      Rules are good for us. We should follow rules in all areas of our life. 原创精品资源独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 （北京）股份有限公司 （北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit2 Rules around us Rules around us 话题 制度与守则 词汇 1.rule /ru:l/ n.规则；规章 2.underground /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/ n.地铁；地下铁路系统 3.lean /li:n/ v.倚靠；倾斜 4.litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ v.乱扔 n.垃圾；废弃物 5.gap /ɡæp/ n.缺口；间隙 6.else /els/ adv.其他的；别的 7.escalator /ˈeskəleɪtə(r)/ n.自动扶梯 8.station /ˈsteɪʃn/ n.车站；(服务)台 9.announcement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/ n.公告；通告 10.passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ n.乘客；旅客 11.lift /lɪft/ n.电梯；升降机 12.platform /ˈplætfɔːm/ n.站台 13.line /laɪn/ n.线；线条 14.rush /rʌʃ/ v.迅速移动；急促 15.smoke /sməʊk/ v.吸烟；抽烟 16.seat /si:t/ n.座位 17.anyone /ˈeniwʌn/ pron.任何人 18.leave /li:v/ v.留下；离开 19.rubbish /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ n.垃圾；废弃物 20.glove /ɡlʌv/ n.手套 21.broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ adj.破损的；伤残的 22.container /kənˈteɪnə(r)/ n.容器 23.ready /ˈredi/ adj.准备好；准备完毕 24.follow /ˈfɒləʊ/ v.遵循；跟随 25.stay /steɪ/ v.保持；继续是 26.grow /ɡrəʊ/ v.逐渐变得；逐渐成为 27.important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ adj.重要的；有重大影响的 28.take turns轮流；依次 29.hurrah /həˈrɑ:/ excl.万岁；好哇 30.model /ˈmɒdl/ n.模型 31.pay /peɪ/ v.(与某些名词结合使用，表示将来要做或将付出某事物) 32.attention /əˈtenʃn/ n.注意；关注 33.pay attention to(对某人或某事)注意 34.dream /dri:m/ n.梦；梦想 35.outing /ˈaʊtɪŋ/ n.(集体)出外游玩(或学习)；远足 36.gate /ɡeɪt/ n.大门 短语 1.signs and rules标志和规则 2.see signs everywhere到处都能看到标志 3.part of our lives我们生活中的一部分 4.turn right向右转 5.no leaning禁止倚靠 6.no littering禁止乱扔垃圾 7.mind the gap注意间隙 8.on the escalator在自动扶梯上 9.in the underground station在地铁站 10.announcements for passengers乘客公告 11.on the platform在站台上 12.give your seat to sb.把你的座位让给某人 13.What’s the meaning of this sign?这个标志是什么意思？ 14.rules in different places不同地方的规则 15.an exchange student一个交换生 16.look at a display board in the clubroom看社团教室里的展板 17.wear open-toed shoes穿露趾鞋 18.leave rubbish on the floor在地上留垃圾 19.wear safety gloves戴安全手套 20.throw... into...把……扔进……里 21.be interested in对……感兴趣 22.follow the rules遵守规则 23.point out指出 24.be ready to do sth.准备好做某事 25.do some experiments做实验 26.keep safe保持安全 27.No food or drinks in the lab.实验室里禁止饮食。 28.stay healthy保持健康 29.share a rule story with sb.与某人分享一个规则故事 30.talk about rules in class在课堂上讨论规则 31.a better place without any rules一个更好的没有规则的地方 32.take turns to do sth.轮流做某事 33.listen to others carefully in class上课认真听讲 34.show his model plane展示他的飞机模型 35.pay attention to(对某人或某事)注意 36.keep quiet保持安静 37.wake up醒来；唤醒 38.have a dream做了一个梦 39.hear his mum’s voice听到他妈妈的声音 40.my opinion of the story我对于这个故事的观点 41.take Bob’s food without asking没有询问就拿走鲍勃的食物 42.help us behave well帮助我们表现得体 43.recommend this story推荐这个故事 44.a notice for an activity一项活动的通知 45.write a notice about rules for a school activity写一份关于学校活动规则的通知 46.have a spring outing进行春游 47.the Science and Technology Museum科技馆 48.meet at the school gate在学校大门口集合 49.stay with the groups和小组待在一起 50.No photos.禁止拍照。 51.have a good time玩得愉快 语法 祈使句和情态动词must 考点1. underground n.地铁；地下铁路系统 I go to work by underground every day.=I take the underground to work every day.我每天乘地铁去上班。 【提示】表示地铁这种交通工具时，通常使用the underground,不能用an underground。 如 ： I usually take a nap when I travel on the underground.我坐地铁的时候通 常会小睡一觉。 虽然这里on the underground并不特指某一班地铁，但不能使用on an underground。 考点2. lean v. (leaned/leant /lent/,leaned/leant)倚靠；倾斜 She leaned against the wall,feeling tired.她靠在墙上，感觉很累。 “No+动词-ing 形式”是一个常见的英语表达，用来表示禁止或不允许某 种行为。这种结构通常用于标志、通知或规则中，以明确指出某种行为是 不被允许的。 如： No smoking.(=You mustn't smoke here.)禁止吸烟。 No后面还可以直接跟名词，用来表示禁止。 如： No photography/cameras.禁止拍照。 使用no表示禁止时，话语通常比较简短，起到警示、警戒作用。 考点3.announcement n.公告；通告 The company will make an important announcement at the meeting.公司将在会议上发布一条重要通告。 We have an announcement about the coming sporting event.关于即将举行的这项体育赛事，我们有一则通知。 【联想】announce v.宣布，宣告(决定、计划等) announcer n. 广播员；播音员 考点4. passenger n.乘客；旅客 Please fasten your seat belts,passengers, as we are about to take off.各位乘客，请系好安全带，我们即将起飞。 announcement for passengers意为“乘客通告”,是在公共交通工具或站点，如火车、地铁、公交车或机场，用来向乘客传达信息的正式声明。 如： Ladies and gentlemen,this is an announcement for passengers.The train is about to arrive at the next station.Please prepare to disembark.女士们、先生们，这是乘客通告。列车即将到达下一站，请准备下车。 考点5.smoke v.吸烟；抽烟 Please don't smoke in this area.请不要在这个区域吸烟。 【联想】smoke n.烟雾 The smoke from the fire filled the sky.大火的烟雾弥漫了整个天空。 or是一个连词，用来连接选项或可能性。但在否定句中，or 通常意味着“和”,而不是提供选择 如： I don't want tea or coffee.我不想喝茶和咖啡。 (这里意味着两样都不想 要，即：既不想喝茶也不想喝咖啡。) 考点6. leave v.(left ,left)留下；离开 She left her keys on the table.她把钥匙留在了桌子上。 Please leave the room quietly.请安静地离开房间。 【提示】leave 作动词还有如下的常见用法。 (1)表示“忘带；丢下”。 如： She left her bag on the taxi yesterday.她昨天把包丢在出租车上了。 (2)表示“使保留；让……处于(某种状态、某地等)”。 如： Leave the door open,please.请把门开着吧。 考点7.dream n.梦；梦想 I thought someone came into the bedroom,but it was just a dream.我还以 为有人进了卧室，结果只是一场梦。 Her lifelong dream was to be a famous writer.她的毕生心愿就是成为一 名作家。 【联想】dream v.(dreamt ,dreamt或 dreamed,dreamed) 做梦；梦见；想象；梦想 have a dream做梦 I had a strange dream about a fierce wolf.我做了一个非常奇怪的梦，梦 见了一头凶猛的狼。 考点8.turn 在这里作名词，意为“(依次轮到的)机会”。 When it's your turn, take another card.轮到你时，再抓一张牌。 take turns 轮流；依次 【提示】take turns后可以接带to的动词不定式表示“轮流做某事”之意。 也可以接“(in+) 动词-ing形式”表示相同的含义。 如：We take turns to do the housework.我们轮流做家务。 Mum and Dad take turns(in)looking after his little brother.父母轮流照顾他的小弟弟。 1.祈使句 1.1.祈使句的基本用法 祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。常省略主语，谓语动词用原形。 1.1.1. 肯定的祈使句 ①句型：动词原形＋其他成分。Be careful! 小心！ ②＂Do＋祈使句＂表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。 ③please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。 Close the door, please. 请关门。 1.1.2. 否定的祈使句 ①常用句型：Don’t＋动词原形＋其他成分。Don’t be late for school again! 别再迟到了！ ②用Never开头：Never＋动词原形＋其他成分。 1.1.3. Let引导的祈使句 以Let开头的句子也是祈使句，表示陈述和建议。其否定形式有两种：Let...not或Don’t... 1.2祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换 1.2.1. ＂Let’s + 动词原形 + 其他＂可转换为＂Shall we + 动词原形 + 其他? ＂。 1.2.2. ＂祈使句 + and/or + 简单句＂可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。 1.3祈使句的应答语 1.3.1. 以Let’s开头的祈使句，其答语常用Good idea. /OK. /Yes, I’d love to. 等。 1.3.2. 其他肯定祈使句的应答语为Yes, I will. ；否定祈使句的应答语为Sorry/No, I won’t(do it again)。 2.must的用法考点 2.1.must 表示义务，意为“必须”，强调说话人的主观意志。 例 You must work hard.你必须努力工作。 辨析：must和have to的区别 情态动词 用法 must “必须”，表示说话人的主观意志；只有must这一种形式。 have to “必须，不得不”，强调客观需要；有人称、数和时态的变化。 例 You have to wear sports shoes when you climb a mountain.爬山的时候你必须穿运动鞋。 2.2.must表示推测时，指有根据、有把握的推测，只能用于肯定句。可以对现在、过去或将来的情况进行推测。 例You must be a middle school student.你一定是一名中学生。 2.3.must的否定形式mustn't意为“禁止，不许”，不能用来表示推测。表示否定推测时用can't,意为“不可能”。 You mustn't park your car on this street.不许把车停在这条街道上。 2.4.由must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用“Yes,...must”，否定回答用＂No,...needn't/don't have to”。 例－Must I learn these words by heart?我必须熟记这些单词吗？ －No,you needn't.不用。 一、单项选择 1．—Look at the sign. You ________ smoke here. —Sorry, I won’t. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．may not 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——看这个标志。你不能在这里抽烟。——对不起，我不会了。 考查情态动词的用法。mustn’t不允许；needn’t不需要；shouldn’t不应该；may not不允许。根据“Sorry, I won’t.”可知，“不能在这里抽烟”表示禁止，应该使用“mustn’t”。故选A。 2．If you want to know more information about the Olympic Games, please ________ the Internet. A．prepare B．search C．prepare for D．search for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你想了解更多关于奥运会的信息，请上网搜索。 考查动词辨析。prepare准备；search搜索；prepare for为……准备；search for寻找。根据“know more information about the Olympic Games”可知，此处表示“搜索信息”；search + 地点”表示在某个地方搜索(隐含找具体内容)，而“search for + 内容”表示寻找某物。此处需直接表达“在互联网上搜索”，故选B。 3．—________ every day and you can have a strong body. —OK. I hope to keep healthy. A．Running B．Run C．Runs D．To run 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——每天跑步，你就能拥有强壮的身体。——好的。我希望保持健康。 考查肯定祈使句。此句为“祈使句+and”结构，以动词原形Run开头，表示建议。故选B。 4．—Tony, ________ bring your mobile phone to school. —Sorry, Mr Green. I won’t. A．can’t B．doesn’t C．don’t D．needn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——托尼，不要把手机带到学校。——对不起，格林先生。我不会了。 考查祈使句的否定形式。根据答语“Sorry, Mr Green. I won’t.”可知，此处应是提醒或警告对方不要做某事，应用祈使句的否定形式，结构为“don’t+动词原形”。故选C。 5．—_______ I go to the movies with Jack, Mom? —Sure, but you _______ be back by 9:00. A．Can; may B．Should; must C．Can; must D．Must; can 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我可以和Jack一起去看电影吗？——当然，但是你必须在9点之前回来。 考查情态动词。can可以；may也许；should应该；must必须。根据“Sure”可知，问句是在询问妈妈的意见，是否可以和Jack去看电影，用can“可以”；第二句根据“be back by 9:00”可知，是妈妈要求必须在九点之前回来，用must。故选C。 6．For your safety, you ______ wear the car belt and slow down while driving on highways. A．might B．can C．need D．must 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了您的安全，在公路上行驶时必须系好安全带并减速。 考查情态动词辨析。might可能；can能；need需要；must必须。根据“wear the car belt and slow down while driving on highways.”可知，在公路上行驶时必须系好安全带并减速。故选D。 7．—Do I have to wash the dishes? —Yes, you ________. A．do B．have C．must D．can 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我必须洗碗吗？ ——是的，你必须。 考查一般疑问句的回答。do助动词，与动词原形连用；have有，实义动词，或作助动词构成现在完成时；must必须，情态动词；can能，情态动词。问句中的“have to”属于情态动词，意为“必须，不得不”，对应肯定回答用must。故选C。 8．Excuse me, sir. You ________ open the door before the taxi stops. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．may not D．don’t have to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：对不起，先生。在出租车停下来之前，您不能开门。 考查情态动词的用法。mustn’t不准，禁止；needn’t不必，较主观；may not可能不会；don’t have to不必，不需要，较客观。根据“before the taxi stops.”及常识可知，车停下来之前“禁止”开车门。故选A。 9．________ your hands before meals. A．Washing B．To wash C．Wash D．Washes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：饭前要洗手。 考查祈使句。该句为祈使句，应用动词原形开头，用来表示请求、命令、建议等。故选C。 10．—Let’s sing an English song here. —________ that. Please keep quiet. A．Do B．Don’t do C．Doing D．Does 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——让我们在这里唱一首英文歌吧。  ——不要那样做。请保持安静。 考查祈使句。Do做，动词原形；Don’t do不要做；Doing做，现在分词形式；Does做，动词三单形式。结合“Let’s sing an English song here.”及“Please keep quiet.”可知，此处建议对方保持安静，应是让对方“不要那样做”。故选B。 二、选词填空 A．all right    B．ask for    C． beginning    D．excuse Here are some American classroom rules: ●If the teacher asks a question, you are expected to give an answer. If you don’t understand the question or don’t know the answer, it’s 11 to tell the teacher that you don’t know. He or she then knows what you need to learn. ●There is no 12 for not doing your homework. If you are absent, you should call your teacher and 13 homework. It is your duty to find out what homework you have missed. It is not the teacher’s responsibility to tell students about the homework they’ve missed. 【答案】11．A 12．D 13．B 【导语】本文给我们列举了美国学校里的一些校规。通过四个方面讲了美国学校的规定，它们分别是有关提问、作业、考试以及迟到时进教室的规定。 11．句意：告诉老师你不知道没关系。。依据“If you don’t understand the question or don’t know the answer”可知，如果你不理解这个问题或不知道答案，应该实话实说，告诉老师你不知道没关系。故选A。 12．句意：你没有任何借口不写家庭作业。依据常识和下文“It is your duty. . . ”可知，没有任何借口不写家庭作业。故选D。 13．句意：如果你没有到校，你应该打电话给你的老师问家庭作业。根据“If you are absent, you should call your teacher and. . . homework. ”可知，请假应该打电话问一下布置的家庭作业是什么。故选B。 三、阅读理解 Some students are talking about the rules in their family. Let’s see what rules they have at home. Tom 1. Do homework when I get home from school. 2. Go to bed before 10:00 p.m. on weekdays. 3. Don’t play computer games on weekends. Lily 1. Help parents do the housework on weekends. 2. Don’t go out with friends at night. 3. Draw pictures for an hour every day on weekdays. Jack 1. Get up early and make the bed. 2. Don’t eat fast food. 3. Do sports for about half an hour every day. 14．When does Tom go to bed on weekdays? A．Before 10:00 p.m. B．Before 10:30 p.m. C．Before 11:00 p.m. D．Before 11:30 p.m. 15．What does Lily have to do on weekends? A．Do her homework when she gets home from school. B．Do sports for about half an hour. C．Draw pictures for an hour. D．Help her parents do the housework. 16．How long does Lily need to draw pictures every day on weekdays? A．For 120 minutes. B．For 90 minutes. C．For 60 minutes. D．For 30 minutes. 17．What can we learn from the text? A．Tom can’t watch TV at home. B．Lily can’t go out with friends at night. C．Jack can’t play computer games after school. D．The three students all have to do sports every day. 18．What is the text mainly about? A．School life. B．Family rules. C．Family activities. D．Daily life. 【答案】14．A 15．D 16．C 17．B 18．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了汤姆、莉莉和杰克的家规。 14．细节理解题。根据“Go to bed before 10:00 p.m. on weekdays.”可知，在工作日，汤姆要在晚上十点前上床睡觉。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据“Help parents do the housework on weekends.”可知，莉莉周末必须帮父母做家务。故选D。 16．细节理解题。根据“Draw pictures for an hour every day on weekdays.”可知，在工作日，莉莉每天需要画画一小时。故选C。 17．细节理解题。根据“Don’t go out with friends at night.”可知，莉莉晚上不能和朋友出去。故选B。 18．主旨大意题。根据“Some students are talking about the rules in their family. Let’s see what rules they have at home.”可知，本文主要介绍了三位同学的家规。故选B。 My name is Tina. There are many rules in my life. I think these rules are important for me. At home, I can’t play computer games on weekdays. I can play them for only half an hour on Sunday afternoon. I think it is good for my study because I can have much time to study. I must make the bed after I get up. _______ So my bedroom is always clean and tidy. My mother says keeping the room tidy is good for my health. I study at Sunny Middle School. It is big and new. At our school, we also have some rules. We can’t be late for school. So we must arrive at school on time. We must get to school before eight in the morning. We need to wear the school uniform every day. In class, we have to be quiet. We can’t listen to music. We can’t eat in the class. We must eat in the dining hall. After class, we can’t run in the hallways. Do you have rules in your life? Tell me about them. 19．What does Tina think of the rules in her life? A．Strict. B．Strange. C．Important. D．Interesting. 20．How long can Tina play computer games every week? A．For 30 minutes. B．For 35 minutes. C．For 40 minutes. D．For 45 minutes. 21．Which sentence can be put in the “_______” ? A．And I can listen to music in my room. B．And I have to brush my teeth after dinner. C．And I should read for an hour with friends. D．And I must clean my room every day. 22．When can Tina arrive at school? A．At 7:50 a. m. B．At 8:10 a. m. C．At 8:20 a. m. D．At 8:30 a. m. 23．What is the text mainly about? A．Rules in Tina’s life. B．Rules at Tina’s home. C．Tina’s school life. D．Tina’s tidy room. 【答案】19．C 20．A 21．D 22．A 23．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了Tina在生活中和学校中的一些规则，以及她对这些规则的看法。 19．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“My name is Tina. There are many rules in my life. I think these rules are important for me.”可知，Tina认为这些规则很重要。故选C。 20．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“I can play them for only half an hour on Sunday afternoon.”可知，Tina每周只能玩半小时电脑游戏。故选A。 21．推理判断题。根据空格后“So my bedroom is always clean and tidy. My mother says keeping the room tidy is good for my health.”可知，空白处应填入与保持房间整洁相关的内容，D项“并且我必须每天打扫我的房间”符合语境。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We must get to school before eight in the morning.”可推知Tina可以在7:50 a.m.到校。故选A。 23．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，文章主要讲述了Tina在生活中和学校中的一些规则，A选项“蒂娜生活中的规则”能全面概括文章内容。故选A。 四、完形填空 阅读短文，根据短文内容从各题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。 Dear Dr. Know, I’m not happy. I have too many rules（规矩）in my family. I have to 24 up at 6:00 every morning. I can’t be late 25 school. I can’t meet my friends after school 26 I have to take my dog for a walk. I have to get home at 5:00 pm. I can’t watch TV on school nights. And I have to be in bed by ten o’clock. On weekends, I have to clean my room and wash my clothes in the morning. Then I have to 27 English books. Later in the afternoon I have to go to the Children’s Palace to 28 how to play the piano. In the 29 , I have to play the piano for one hour. After that, I can go to bed. I don’t have any free time. What can I do? Yours, Susan 24．A．get B．call C．go D．come 25．A．at B．for C．on D．in 26．A．when B．so C．because D．why 27．A．write B．buy C．watch D．read 28．A．tell B．say C．see D．learn 29．A．morning B．afternoon C．evening D．class 【答案】24．A 25．B 26．C 27．D 28．D 29．C 【导语】本文是一篇Susan给Know医生写的求助信，信中她说了自己的问题，她在家里有很多规定，没有时间去见朋友，也不能看电视，而且还有很多家务要做，她很不快乐，最后问医生应该怎么办。 24．句意：每天早晨六点我必须起床。 get得到；call打电话；go去；come来。根据“up at 6:00 every morning”可知，早上六点起床，get up“起床”，故选A。 25．句意：我上学不能迟到。 at在；for为了；on在上面；in在里面。be late for school“上学迟到”，固定搭配，故选B。 26．句意：放学后我不能见我的朋友们因为我必须去遛狗。 when当……时；so所以；because因为；why为什么，“I can’t meet my friends after school”和“I have to take my dog for a walk”是因果关系，后面的是原因，所以用because，故选C。 27．句意：然后我必须看英语书。 write写；buy买；watchwatch观看，尤指看电视，看球赛等；read看，读，后面接纸张类阅读物，如书，报纸，杂志，小说，地图等，根据后面的“English books”可知，应该是读书，故选D。 28．句意：下午晚些时候，我要去少年宫学习弹钢琴。 tell告诉；say说；see看；learn学习。根据“I have to go to the Children’s Palace to…how to play the piano”可知，去少年宫学习如何弹钢琴，故选D。 29．句意：晚上，我不得不再弹一个小时的钢琴。 morning早上；afternoon下午；evening晚上；class班级，根据前面的“Later in the afternoon”可知，此处介绍晚上要做的事情，固定搭配in the evening意为“在晚上”，故选C。 五、短文填空 Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) Traveling by subway can sometimes be quite “exciting”, especially (尤其) when there are too many people on the subway. Sometimes you have to stay a 30 from hot water and coffee because it may spill (泼洒) on you. Passengers mustn’t eat or drink on the subway in some cities. According to the new subway rules in Beijing, only babies and sick people can eat and drink on the subway. If anyone else b 31 the rules, he or she must get off. In other cities like Shenzhen and Nanjing, if passengers eat or drink on the subway, they will be fined (罚款). Some people agree with the rules. They think the smells of food can make other passengers feel u 32 or angry because they fill (弥漫) the whole subway, especially in the hot summer. And if passengers eat or drink on the subway, people often spill their drinks. These things make the subway dirty. H 33 , some people are not happy with the rules. They think some people eat and drink on the subway because they live so far from their workplaces. They have no time to have breakfast before they go to work. E 34 on the subway saves their time. As for me, I think we should think more about people’s needs. We can p 35 some special places in many subway stations for passengers to eat and drink. 【答案】30．(a)way 31．(b)reaks 32．(u)nhappy 33．(H)owever 34．(E)ating 35．(p)repare 【导语】本文主要讨论了乘坐地铁时，人们不能随意吃喝的一些规定以及一些人对此的看法。 30．句意：有时你必须远离热水和咖啡，因为它们可能会溅到你身上。根据“because it may spill (泼洒) on you”可知是指远离热水和咖啡，stay away from“远离”，固定短语。故填(a)way。 31．句意：如果其他人违反规则，他或她必须下车。根据“If anyone else b... the rules”可知，是指违反规则，break“打破”；该句为if引导的条件状语从句，从句应用一般现在时，主语为三单，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填(b)reaks。 32．句意：他们认为食物的气味会让其他乘客感到不高兴或生气，因为它们充满了整个地铁，尤其是在炎热的夏天。根据“feel u... or angry because they fill (弥漫) the whole subway”可知，食物的气味充满地铁会让人不开心，形容词unhappy“不开心的”符合语境。故填(u)nhappy。 33．句意：然而，有些人对这些规定并不满意。根据上文“Some people agree with the rules.”及下文“some people are not happy with the rules.”可知此处表示转折关系，根据首字母提示，however“然而”符合语境。故填(H)owever。 34．句意：在地铁上吃饭节省了他们的时间。根据上文“They have no time to have breakfast before they go to work.”可知上班前没时间吃早饭所以在地铁上吃就可以节约时间，eat“吃”，作主语应用动名词eating。故填(E)ating。 35．句意：我们可以在许多地铁站准备一些特殊的地方供乘客吃喝。根据“We can p... some special places in many subway stations for passengers to eat and drink.”可知是指在地铁站为乘客准备吃喝的地方，prepare sth. for sb.“为某人准备某物”，情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填(p)repare。 六、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文， 简略回答问题。 A School Trip Attention, please! I have something important to say. We’ll go on a school trip to the art museum this Friday. Here are some rules (规则) that we have to follow. To start with, you must be quiet in the museum. If you speak loudly, the workers in the museum will ask you to leave. Next, don’t take photos in the museum, because it’s bad for the paintings. But you can take a pen and a notebook to write down some important things. Finally, keep the museum clean and tidy while visiting. By the way, please call 2436-7866 if you have any questions. I hope we will have a good time there. That’s all. Thank you. 36．When will the students visit the art museum? 37．What can the students take to write down important things? 38．What can the students do if they have any questions about this trip? 39．How many rules are there in the passage? 40．What other rules for the museum do you know? (写出一个答案即可) 【答案】36．This Friday. 37．A pen and a notebook. 38．They can call 2436-7866. 39．Three./3. 40．Don’t eat food in the museum. 【导语】本文介绍了学校要带领学生去参观艺术博物馆，并介绍了博物馆的几条规则。 36．根据“We’ll go on a school trip to the art museum this Friday.”可知，学生们要在本周五去参观艺术博物馆。故填This Friday. 37．根据“But you can take a pen and a notebook to write down some important things.”可知，学生们可以带笔和笔记本记录重要的东西。故填A pen and a notebook. 38．根据“By the way, please call 2436-7866 if you have any questions.”可知，如果学生们有任何关于本次旅行的问题，可以拨打电话2436-7866咨询。故填They can call 2436-7866. 39．根据“To start with...Next...Finally...”可知，本文共介绍了3条博物馆的规则。故填Three./3. 40．开放性作答，结合实际，言之有理即可。参考答案为Don’t eat food in the museum. 七、书面表达 41．俗话说 “没有规矩不成方圆”。规则帮助我们更好地生活，可见规则是多么重要。请你以“The Importance of Rules”为题，用英语写一篇短文，向大家介绍一下规则的重要性。 写作要求：（1）文中须列举至少规则的三个重要性，可适当发挥；          （2）文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称；          （3）词数70词左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。 提示词：area区域，方面 The Importance of Rules     Rules are very important in our life. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________      Rules are good for us. We should follow rules in all areas of our life. 【答案】例文 The Importance of Rules Rules are very important in our life. They give us order, safety and fun. Rules give us order. For example, we should line up to get on the bus. In good order, things can move well. Rules give us safety. For example, when walking on the street, we should follow the traffic rules, or we may get hurt. Rules help keep us safe on the road. Rules give us fun. When we are in a theater, everyone should keep quiet. Then we can have a good environment to enjoy the movie. Rules are good for us. We should follow rules in all areas of our life. 【详解】[总体分析] ① 本文是一篇话题作文。 ② 时态：时态主要为“一般现在时”。 ③ 提示：注意行文连贯，逻辑清晰，无拼写和语法错误。 [写作步骤] 第一步，承接给出的开头，点明规则是重要的，并引出下文规则的三个重要性； 第二步，从秩序、安全和娱乐三个方面介绍规则的重要性； 第三步，承接给出的结尾。 [亮点词汇] ①line up排队 ②get hurt受伤 ③enjoy the movie享受电影 [高分句型] When we are in a theater, everyone should keep quiet. (When引导的时间状语从句) 原创精品资源独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 （北京）股份有限公司 （北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$