课文助读(1) Unit1 Understanding ideas-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义晨背晚默（外研版2019）

课文助读(一) Understanding ideas 教材原文助读 ◎ ①of sb.'s choice 某人自己选择(或选定)的 ②in the face of 面对 ③approach the future 走近未来 ④take action 采取行动 ⑤shape vt.影响……的发展，决定……的形成 ⑥come one's way 意外落在某人头上，偶然发生在某人身上 ⑦in place 准备就绪；在正确位置，准备妥当 ⑧guarantee n．& vt.保证，担保 ⑨in this respect 在这方面 ⑩illustrate vt.说明，解释 ⑪apart adv.(指空间或时间)相隔，相距 ⑫approach to life 生活方式，生活态度(approach 在此作名词，表示“方式，方法，态度”，常与介词to连用。) ⑬contrasting adj.极不相同的，差异大的 ⑭single­minded adj.一心一意的，专心致志的 [构词法]single­minded是“形容词＋名词＋­ed形式”构成的复合形容词，常见的还有：short­sighted近视的，warm­hearted热心肠的，good­tempered脾气好的。 ⑮inform vt.对……有影响 ⑯amongst prep.在……当中(同among) amongst others 其中；除了别的以外 ⑰epic adj.漫长而艰难的，艰苦卓绝的；史诗般的 an epic journey/struggle 一场漫长而艰难的旅程/艰苦卓绝的斗争 ⑱by contrast 相比之下 ⑲compared to/with... 与……相比(作状语) ⑳medical practice 行医；诊所 practice n．(医生、律师的)工作，业务活动，工作地点 a dental/law practice 一家牙医诊所/律师事务所 ㉑devote oneself to＝be devoted to致力于，献身于 ㉒long to do sth.渴望做某事 long vi.渴望 ㉓can't get enough of...对……如痴如狂 ㉔in desperation 绝望地；不顾一切地 ㉕kill off除掉，使某事物停止，排除 ㉖focus on 集中于 ㉗under immense pressure 在巨大的压力下 immense adj.极大的，巨大的 ㉘be forced to do sth.被迫做某事 ㉙bring...back from the dead使……起死回生 ㉚paths to success 成功之路 ㉛turn out...……地发展(或发生)；结果…… ㉜twists and turns 迂回曲折 ㉝encounter vt.& n．遭遇，邂逅 ㉞take a leaf from/out of the book of sb.＝take a leaf from/out of sb.'s book 效仿，模仿(成功之人的举止和行为) ㉟the unexpected未知的事物 ◎ Facing the Future For many of us，it's something we already have experienced.One moment，we are lying comfortably in bed，about to fall into a deep sleep.The next，our eyes are open and we [1]find ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives—the future.Will we get into the school of our choice①？What will we be doing in ten years' time？[2]Can we become the person we really want to be？In the face of② such questions，how should we approach the future③？Can we take action④ to shape⑤ it，or should we just accept whatever comes our way⑥？ [1]“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，此处用动词­ing形式作宾语补足语，表示主动和动作正在进行。 [2]本句是主从复合句。“we really want to be”是省略了关系代词who/that的定语从句，修饰先行词the person。 [3]As many of us already know，having plans in place⑦ for the future is no guarantee⑧ that they will become reality.In this respect⑨，some people are more fortunate than others，[4]as can be illustrated⑩ by comparing the lives of two famous authors，born 40 years apart⑪．Although they shared the same ambitious and energetic approach to life⑫，their careers unfolded in contrasting⑬ ways. [3]本句是主从复合句。As引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句并在从句中作宾语。主句是主系表结构，“having plans...future”为动词­ing形式短语作主语，that引导的同位语从句对guarantee作解释说明。 [4]as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代前面整个主句的内容并在从句中作主语。过去分词短语“born 40 years apart”作后置定语，修饰two famous authors。 The American author，Ernest Hemingway，born in 1899，was from early boyhood single­minded⑭ in his ambition to write.[5]On leaving high school, he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter.He went on to become foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star and used his extraordinary experiences in Europe and later Cuba to inform⑮ his writing.In his words，“I decided that I would write one story about each thing that I knew about.”[6]Having set himself this goal，he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War，the Spanish Civil War，bullfighting and deep­sea fishing，amongst⑯ others．His novel The Old Man and the Sea，about the three­day epic⑰ struggle between an elderly fisherman and the biggest fish [7]he had ever caught, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953.He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. [5]on/upon doing...表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 [6]动词­ing形式短语“Having set himself this goal”作时间状语，相当于After he had set himself this goal。 [7]省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词fish。先行词前有形容词最高级修饰，关系代词只能用that，不用which。 By contrast⑱，the young Arthur Conan Doyle，born in Scotland in 1859，had originally worked as a doctor.But Doyle's main ambition was [8]to become a writer of historical novels．[9]Although some of his historical novels were published，their success was nothing compared to⑲ the stories of his fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes，which he is still best known for to this day． [8]动词不定式短语作表语。 [9]本句是主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；主句中过去分词短语“compared to...this day”作状语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the stories。 Interestingly，Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories [10]while he was waiting for patients in his medical practice⑳ in London．After Sherlock Holmes made him a household name，Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely to㉑ writing.He still longed to㉒ become known for his historical novels amongst other academic works.The public，however，couldn't get enough of㉓ Sherlock Holmes.[11]In desperation㉔, Doyle killed off㉕ the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so that he could focus on㉖ his “serious” writing.[12]However，fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle，under immense pressure㉗，was forced to㉘ bring Holmes back from the dead㉙．Doyle's many historical novels，plays，poems and academic papers have remained largely forgotten，but Sherlock Holmes has been entertaining readers for well over a century. [10]while引导的时间状语从句，while表示“在……期间，当……的时候”。 [11]本句是主从复合句。so that引导目的状语从句。主句中过去分词短语“published in 1893”作后置定语，修饰名词a novel。 [12]本句是主从复合句，其中“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句。 [13]Though both of these men were ultimately successful，their paths to success㉚ were very different，their futures not necessarily turning out㉛ exactly as they planned．[14]So，whatever twists and turns㉜ you might encounter㉝, take a leaf out of the books of㉞ these two authors and be prepared for the unexpected㉟．As renowned tech innovator Steve Jobs once said，“You can't connect the dots [15]looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards.So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.” [13]本句是主从复合句。Though引导让步状语从句。“their futures...planned”是独立主格结构，其中as引导方式状语从句。 [14]本句是主从复合句。whatever引导让步状语从句，whatever相当于no matter what；主句是由并列连词and连接的两个祈使句。 [15]动词­ing形式短语looking forward作状语。 ◎ 面对未来 我们许多人都有过这样的经历。前一刻，我们正惬意地躺在床上，即将进入深度睡眠。但下一刻，我们就睁开了双眼，发现自己在思考，甚至在担忧可能是人生中最重要的事情——未来。我们能进入心仪的学校吗？十年之后我们会在做什么？我们能够成为真正想成为的人吗？面对这些疑问，我们应该如何迎接未来呢？我们能否采取行动去影响未来，还是该全然接受现实给予我们的一切呢？ 正如我们许多人都知道的那样，对未来有适当的计划并不能保证它们都会成为现实。就这一方面而言，一些人比别人更幸运，例如，有两位年龄相差40岁的著名作家，对比他们的人生就能证明这一点。虽然他们面对生活时都有远大的志向，而且精力充沛，但他们的职业生涯的发展却截然不同。 美国作家欧内斯特·海明威生于1899年，他从小立志，一心一意想要成为作家。高中毕业后，他进入堪萨斯当地的一家报社做实习记者。此后，他又成为《多伦多星报》的一名驻外记者，根据在欧洲和后来在古巴的独特经历进行创作。他曾说：“我决定把我知道的每一件事都写成一个故事。”在立下这一目标后，他根据自己在第一次世界大战、西班牙内战、斗牛表演和深海捕鱼等的亲身经历，创作了许多长篇和短篇小说。他的小说《老人与海》讲述了一位老渔民与一条自己捕过的最大的鱼进行了三天艰苦卓绝的搏斗的故事。这部小说于1953年获得普利策小说奖。海明威后来还荣获了诺贝尔文学奖。 相比而言，年轻的亚瑟·柯南·道尔1859年出生于苏格兰，原先是一名医生，但他最大的志向却是成为一名历史小说作家。虽然他出版过一些历史小说，但与他虚构出来的侦探夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事相比，所取得的成功不可同日而语。直到现在，道尔最广为人知的作品仍是夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事。 有趣的是，一些早期的福尔摩斯故事是道尔在伦敦的诊所等候病人的时候创作的。在夏洛克·福尔摩斯让他变得家喻户晓后，道尔放弃了行医，全身心地投入创作。除了其他学术作品，他还是渴望自己能因历史小说而出名。然而，公众却对夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事百读不厌。绝望之下，道尔在一部出版于1893年的小说中杀死了这位著名的侦探，以便专心创作他的“严肃”作品。然而福尔摩斯迷们对此感到非常愤怒，这使得道尔在巨大压力之下，不得不让福尔摩斯起死回生。道尔的很多历史小说、戏剧、诗歌和学术论文几乎都被人遗忘了，但夏洛克·福尔摩斯却在一个多世纪以来一直吸引着读者。 虽然这两位作家最终都获得了成功，但他们的成功之路却截然不同，他们的未来也没有完全如他们当初所计划的那样。因此，不管未来你会遇到怎样的坎坷和曲折，你可以以这两位作者为榜样，做好应对意外的准备。正如著名的科技创新者史蒂夫·乔布斯所说：“你无法预见性地将生命中的点滴串联起来，只有在回头看时，你才会发现这些点滴之间的联系。所以你要坚信，你现在所经历的，将在你未来的生命中串联起来。” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$