Unit1 Section Ⅰ Starting out-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 速读明大意 Ⅰ.Skim the text and fill in the blanks. Ⅱ.What's the main idea of the text? The text is mainly about various possibilities for future development． 精读知细节 Choose the best answer according to the text. 1．How does the author support the theme of the text? A．By giving research results. B．By making a comparison. C．By making a classification. D．By providing explanations. 2．What do we know about Hemingway and Doyle? A．Both won the Nobel Prize in Literature. B．Both had the ambition of becoming a writer. C．Both experienced big failures before they succeeded. D．Both wrote about their experiences as soldiers in WWⅠ. 3．Which of the following about Doyle is true? A．He enjoyed deep­sea fishing during his vacations. B．He killed Holmes in a novel at the readers' request. C．He wrote historical novels while waiting for patients. D．He is known for his Holmes stories rather than historical novels. 4．What does the author suggest readers do while facing the future? A．Trust yourself. B．Read inspiring books. C．Make a detailed plan. D．Be ready for the unexpected. 答案：1～4　BBDD 读后悟考点 Ⅰ.扫词汇障碍 熟词 生义 inform (Para.3) (常见义) v．通知→(文章义)vt．影响(某人的态度或观点) practice (Para.5) (常见义) n．实践→(文章义) n．诊所 Ⅱ.破译长难句 [教材1]　As many of us already know, having plans in place for the future is no guarantee that they will become reality. [翻译]　正如我们许多人都知道的那样，制订适当的未来计划并不能保证它们都会成为现实。 [分析]　As引导非限制性定语从句，主句主语是动名词短语having plans in place for the future；that引导同位语从句。 [教材2]　 Having set himself this goal，he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War，the Spanish Civil War，bullfighting and deep­sea fishing，amongst others. [翻译]　为自己设定了这个目标后，他根据自己在第一次世界大战、西班牙内战、斗牛和深海捕鱼等方面的个人经历写了许多小说和短篇故事。 [分析]　句中Having set himself this goal为分词的完成式，在句中作时间状语，表示动作set发生在谓语动作之前；而过去分词短语“based on...”充当其前面名词的后置定语，相当于定语从句 that/which were based on...。 [教材3]　Although some of his historical novels were published，their success was nothing compared to the stories of his fictional detective，Sherlock Holmes，which he is still best known for to this day. [翻译]　虽然他出版过一些历史小说，但与他虚构出来的侦探夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事相比，这些小说的成功算不了什么。直到现在，道尔最广为人知的作品仍是夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事。 [分析]　句中Although引导让步状语从句，主句中含有which引导的非限制性定语从句；compared to the stories...Holmes为过去分词短语在句中作状语。 Ⅲ.学表达技巧 过渡衔接 [教材1]　One moment，we are lying comfortably in bed，about to fall into a deep sleep.The next，our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives—the future. [分析]　句中使用了短语“One moment...The next...”来描述我们有过的经历，使得文章顺承紧密，衔接自然。类似的衔接词汇还有：on (the) one hand...on the other (hand)...；for one thing...for another...; first(ly)...second(ly)...。 [仿写]　选用左栏过渡词汇补全句子 ①有一阵森林里还静谧、平和，过了会儿空气就充满了紧张的气氛。 One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest.The next, the air was charged with tension. ②这项任务不能让他去干，一则他年纪大了，二则他身体不好。 Don't set him the task.For one thing he's old; for another he's in poor health. 比较与对比 [教材2]　 By contrast，the young Arthur Conan Doyle，born in Scotland in 1859，had originally worked as a doctor. [分析]　比较与对比是常用的段落扩展方法。 “Facing the Future”一文讲述了海明威和柯南·道尔两位作家的人生经历。其中，第三、四、五段就采用了先此后彼的比较方式。第三段具体介绍了海明威的成名之路，第四段通过“By contrast”将话题聚焦到了柯南·道尔身上，并在第五段细说了他的写作历程。 [仿写]　尝试用表示比较与对比的词语补全句子 ①相比之下，有一些人是真的喜欢工作。 By contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work. ②和许多同学一样，我认为有必要更新教室里的多媒体设备。 In common with many of my classmates, I think it is necessary to update the multimedia equipment in the classroom. 情绪描写 [教材3]　However，fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle，under immense pressure，was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead. [分析]　该句使用“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句描述福尔摩斯迷们的愤怒所产生的结果。 [仿写]　尝试用so...that...结构补全句子 母亲感动得双眸满是喜悦的泪水。 Mother was so moved that her eyes were shining with tears of great joy. 引用他人观点 [教材4]　As renowned tech innovator Steve Jobs once said，“You can't connect the dots looking forward；you can only connect them looking backwards.So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.” [分析]　该句运用了引用的表达方式。引用名人的话，能够更好地突出文章的主旨， 更具有说服力。 [仿写]　尝试用表示引用的表达补全句子 正如威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare)的名言所说，“整个世界都是一个舞台，男男女女都只是演员。” As William Shakespeare famously put it, “All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.” 高频词汇练全 in the face of 面临，面对 lose face 丢脸；失面子 face to face 面对面 make a face 做鬼脸 be faced with 面临，面对 face up to 勇敢面对 【练透】　用face的相关短语填空/一句多译 ①The greater our goals, the more we should face up to our shortcomings. ②When in trouble，you had better talk with your teacher face to face． ③面对困难时，你应该相信勇气很重要。 →Facing difficulties, you should believe your courage is what matters. →Faced with difficulties, you should believe your courage is what matters. →In the face of difficulties, you should believe your courage is what matters. take action 采取行动 take action/measures/steps to do sth. 采取行动做某事 out of action 发生故障；(受伤而)不能做事 put...in/into action 将……实施；使……活动 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Things will be easier when we put the new system in/into action. ② We don't hesitate to take action to deal (deal) with the problem before it spreads to other areas. ③是我们呼吁人们立即采取行动保护海洋免受污染的时候了。(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) It's high time that we should call on people to take immediate action to protect oceans from being polluted. 【点拨】　take action 短语中action前没有冠词，但可用quick(迅速的), active(积极的), immediate(立刻的)等形容词对其进行修饰。 come one's way 发生在某人身上 in the/sb.'s way 挡着某人的路；妨碍某人 on the/one's way (to) 即将去(或来) all the way 一路上；自始至终 by way of 路经，经过 give way (to) 屈服/让步(于……) 【练透】　用way的相关短语填空 ①We have to get the crops in because a storm is on the/its way． ②China is widely known for its ancient civilization which has continued all the way through into modern times. ③Although the boy wanted to help me cook dinner, he was actually in the/my way． ④To his delight, the promotion he had longed for came his way． ambition n．追求，理想→ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的 be full of ambition 充满野心 achieve/realize one's ambition 实现某人的抱负 have an ambition to do sth. 有做某事的追求 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He is very ambitious (ambition) and well­qualified，so he should reach the top of his profession. ②My ambition is to become (become) a pilot after graduation. ③一个没有雄心成为将军的士兵不是好士兵。 A soldier who has no ambition/doesn't have an ambition to become a general is not a good soldier. 【点拨】　ambition作主语时，常用动词不定式作表语；且其后常跟动词不定式作定语。 by contrast 相比之下 contrast...with/and... 把……与……相对比 contrast with... 与……形成对照 in contrast with/to 与……相比(对照) in contrast (to) (与……)相比之下 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He is content with his present life.By/In contrast, his wife is a person of great ambition. ②The snow was icy and white, contrasting with the brilliant blue sky. ③与妈妈相反，爸爸有点担心，他建议打电话给消防部门。(2021·浙江卷读后续写) In contrast with my mother, my dad was a little worried and proposed calling the fire department. 中频词汇练会 Ⅰ.一词多义——根据语境选出approach的含义 A．n.方法　 B．n.通路　 C．vi.接近　 D．vt.与……接洽　 E．vt.着手处理 ①With the exams approaching, the students are busy preparing for them. C ②When Brown approached me about the job, my first reaction was disbelief. D ③We are discussing new approaches to studying a foreign language. A ④It's fascinating to see how different people approach the problem. E ⑤All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday. B Ⅱ.熟词生义——猜测句中加黑词汇的词性及含义 ①She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of ambition.n.志向；抱负 ②All life depends ultimately on oxygen.adv.最基本地；根本上 重点句式练透 句型公式：on/upon＋名词/doing...一……就…… 教材原文：On leaving high school, he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter. 高中一毕业，他就进入了堪萨斯当地的一家报社做实习记者。 (1)on/upon＋名词/动词­ing形式，意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 (2)其他表示“一……就……”的连词/句式有： ①as soon as＋从句； ②由名词构成的连词：the instant/moment/minute＋从句； ③由副词作连词：instantly/immediately/directly＋从句； ④固定句式：no sooner...than..., hardly...when... 【练透】　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he came to visit us. ②I'll ring you immediately (immediate) I get it. ③妈妈一看到早餐，就觉得很幸福。(2021·浙江卷读后续写) →The instant/minute she saw the breakfast, the mother felt a wave of happiness welling up within her.(the instant/minute) →On seeing the breakfast, the mother felt a wave of happiness welling up within her.(on doing) →Hardly had she seen the breakfast when the mother felt a wave of happiness welling up within her.(hardly...when...) 【点拨】　“hardly...when...”和“no sooner...than...”结构中，hardly与no sooner置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每题1分，共8分) 1．One of his boyhood (童年时期) friends came to see him yesterday，which made him very happy. 2．A BBC correspondent (记者) in Washington says their reputation is likely to be damaged if they fail to reach an agreement. 3．I was taken on as a trainee (实习生) in a big bank and I received professional training every day. 4．I knew the train had stopped，but I had the sensation that it was moving backwards (往回). 5．She was ultimately (最终) captured along with the rest of her family. 6．The company hired a detective (私家侦探) to investigate the accident. 7．I'm afraid two days isn't enough to see all the historical (有关历史的) places of interest. 8．The jet planes flew over the sky and soon became little dots (小圆点) in the distance. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题1.5分，共12分) 1．He's a very ambitious (ambition) lad and he wants to play at the highest level. 2．With the noise going on outside，only a minority of the students can focus on study. 3．We must take action right now to prevent (prevent) pollution from becoming worse. 4．Ultimately (ultimate), the success of the product depends on its quality and the good marketing. 5．How they long to have (have) a chance to get a sight of their native land! 6．After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. 7．If you are lost in the mountains, stay calm in the face of darkness, loneliness and the unknown. 8．In contrast, adults behaved in similar ways regardless of whether they were on their own or observed by others. Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——谈梦想)(每题3分，共15分) 1．我从小就有成为一名英语教师的抱负。 Since I was a child，I have had an ambition to become an English teacher.(ambition to do sth.) 2．一进入高中，我就为了实现我的梦想而努力学习。 On entering high school, I have been working hard to make my dream come true.(on doing) 3．尽管有时我会面临困难，但在任何情况下我都不会放弃。 Though sometimes I am faced with difficulties, in no circumstances will I give up.(though引导让步状语从句) 4．我坚信，一旦我们采取行动并坚持下去，我们最终会成功。 I hold the firm belief that once we take action and stick to it, we will succeed in the end.(that引导同位语从句) 5．怀着梦想，我坚信自己最终会成为一名合格的教师。 Dreams in mind, I am convinced that I will ultimately be a qualified teacher.(独立主格结构) Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) People always wonder or worry about their future and make plans for it.However, having a plan for their future doesn't mean that it will become a(n) 1.reality (real).While Ernest Hemingway and Arthur Conan Doyle both had the same ambitious and 2.energetic (energy) approach to life, their careers unfolded in contrasting ways. Born in 1899, Ernest Hemingway started to write in early boyhood.He wrote works based on his personal experiences.His novel The Old Man and the Sea 3.won (win) the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953 and later the Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in 1859, Arthur Conan Doyle became a doctor although he was determined 4.to become (become) a historical novel writer.Interestingly, Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while 5.waiting (wait) for patients in his medical practice.After Sherlock Holmes made him famous, Doyle devoted himself 6.entirely (entire) to writing.Though he published some historical novels, their success was nothing 7.compared (compare) to the Sherlock Holmes stories, 8.which have been entertaining readers for well over a century. The two men took different paths 9.to success, their futures not turning out exactly as they planned.So, whatever difficulties you might encounter in life, take 10.a leaf out of these two authors' books and be prepared for the unexpected. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题5分，共35分) A (2024·华中师大附中高二下期末) Looking for work? Tutors Wanted：Math/Science/Humanities＋Test Preparation Job Posted：2 days ago Wage：$27－30 per hour Job Type：Part­time Schedule：Afternoons，evenings，weekdays, weekends Job description： We're looking for tutors to join us before the next school year starts. Our suitable candidate will be able to assist middle and high school students with test preparation and academic work in Math，Science and/or Humanities. We'll pay for your training before this fall and can also offer flexible summer tutoring chances，including teaching group classes. Once our fall semester starts on August 21，we'll have even higher demand for tutoring sessions on Sundays from 1 pm to 8 pm as well as from 3 pm to 9 pm from Monday to Thursday. What we offer： ·Flexible scheduling.Tutors work from 15 to 30 hours per week depending on availability and students' demand. ·Free Sunday dinners during the academic year. ·Fun staff gatherings. ·Health insurance reimbursement (报销) for staff working over 30 hours per week. ·We are 5 minutes' walking distance from the Menlo Park Station. Applicants must： ·Have a good command of the subjects which they tutor students in. ·Be willing to tutor students through the full academic year. Application instructions： ·Email us your resume (简历). ·Tell us why you want to join Academic Trainers and describe your experience of tutoring students if you have any. ·Let us know your scheduling preference and potential start date. ·Tell us which of the subjects you are able to tutor students in—Math，Science and/or Humanities. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了提供的辅导教师岗位的相关情况，包括岗位介绍、工资福利、对申请人的要求和申请指南。 1．Which period of time needs the most tutors during the academic year? A．Saturday and Sunday mornings. B．Friday afternoons and evenings. C．Monday and Thursday mornings. D．Sunday afternoons and evenings. D　[细节理解题。根据Job description部分中的“we'll have even higher demand...from Monday to Thursday”可知，一学年中有较大辅导需求的时段是星期天的下午1点到晚上8点和周一至周四的下午3点到晚上9点。故选D。] 2．What can a tutor enjoy who works more than 30 hours per week? A．Comfortable accommodation. B．Free job training every month. C．Health insurance reimbursement. D．Free meals during the academic year. C　[细节理解题。根据What we offer部分中的“Health insurance reimbursement (报销) for staff working over 30 hours per week.”可知，每周工作超过30个小时的辅导教师能享受到医疗保险方面的报销。] 3．What qualification should a suitable candidate have? A．He/She must tutor students in all the subjects part­time. B．He/She must be good at the subjects which they tutor students in. C．He/She must have previous tutoring experience. D．He/She must work every evening through the academic year. B　[细节理解题。根据Applicants must部分中的“Have a good command of the subjects which they tutor students in.”可知，一个合适的申请人必须擅长他们辅导的科目。] B It was long theorized that the frontal cortex (额叶皮层) of the brain was the region where decisions are made.It is considered the seat of higher­order thinking. However, Yale researchers have found that three distinct brain circuits (脑回路) connecting to different brain regions are involved in making good decisions, bad ones, and choosing which of those past choices to store in memory, they report in the journal Neuron. Researchers used a new tool to manipulate (操纵) brain circuits in rats while they were making choices between actions that led to their receiving rewards or no rewards.If the rats made the right decision, one that ended in a reward, one of the brain circuits was activated, but another was activated if the rats made the wrong choice and received no reward.The third circuit stored past experiences and decisions to help the rats with future choices. Stephanie Groman, lead author of the research says, “A comparison would be deciding on a restaurant for dinner.For instance, without the ‘good choice’ circuit you may not return to the restaurant with good food and without the ‘bad choice’ circuit you might not avoid the restaurant with bad food.The third ‘memory’ circuit is crucial in making decisions such as whether to return to the restaurant after receiving one bad meal after several good ones.” Changes in these circuits may help explain the addiction—why people continue to make harmful choices even after repeated negative experiences.The Yale researchers previously showed that some of the same brain computations were disrupted in animals that had taken methamphetamine (甲基苯丙胺).“Because we used a test that is similar to those used in studies of human decision­making, our findings have direct relevance to humans and could aid in the search for novel treatments for substance abuse (物质滥用) in humans，” Groman said. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了大脑如何通过三条脑回路帮助我们做出决定。 4．How was Yale's research different from the previous theory? A．It defined the function of different brain regions. B．It identified specific circuits involved in decision­making. C．It focused on the connection between choices and memories. D．It highlighted the role of the frontal cortex in higher­order thinking. B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the frontal cortex (额叶皮层) of the brain was the region where decisions are made”和第二段中的“three distinct brain circuits...in making good decisions, bad ones, and choosing which of those past choices to store in memory”可知，先前的理论认为大脑中的额叶皮层是我们做出决定的区域，但耶鲁大学的研究表明大脑中三条连接不同脑区的回路才与我们的决策相关。] 5．What can be inferred from Stephanie Groman's words? A．Memories are related to all the three circuits. B．People base their decisions on personal preferences. C．The three circuits are all crucial in making decisions. D．The circuit related to rewards is the foundation of deciding wisely. C　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“without the ‘good choice’ circuit you may not...and without the ‘bad choice’ circuit you might not...The third ‘memory’ circuit is crucial in...”可知，Stephanie Groman认为三条脑回路对我们做出决定都至关重要。] 6．What does the last paragraph mainly focus on? A．The limitations of the present study. B．A description of the research method. C．A possible reason for the study findings. D．The potential application of the conclusion. D　[段落主旨题。根据最后一段中的“Changes in these circuits may help explain the addiction...our findings...could aid in the search for novel treatments for substance abuse”可知，本段主要介绍了该研究结果可能在现实生活中的应用。] 7．What might be the best title for the text? A．How the brain helps us make good decisions—and bad ones B．How our brain develops when facing choices C．How making decisions influences our brain D．How people get addicted—and cured A　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了耶鲁大学如何通过实验探究了大脑中三条脑回路是如何帮助我们做出决策的。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每题3分，共15分) A few things about successful people stand out：Their talents and the choices they make.When these are combined, amazing things happen.1. That's because talent alone is not the answer; it has to be combined with the ability to make the right choices.Here are four steps to help you make clear choices. Be clear on your desired outcome.Whether it's about your job, relationship or your health, make sure you're clear on how the choice will affect your desired outcome.2. Making a choice is not just to satisfy an isolated (单独的) component but also about a broader view and how the choice affects your desired outcome for the future. Collect all applicable data.Get all the facts and figures you need to make a choice.3. People often make choices based on limited information, and that can lead to bad choices.Don't let a lack of information hinder (阻碍) you from making a choice. Think of the consequences of not making a choice.4. A lot of clarity will come from your answer to this question.Write down the financial and emotional consequences you'll face after failing to choose.When you're having a bad day or feeling like quitting, read it! 5． It's important to define the reward you'll get from reaching your goal.What will your life be like when you achieve it？This is where you can take a minute to dream and visualize your perfect desired outcome. A．Stick to your dreams. B．You have to consider the whole picture. C．Decide on a reward for achieving your goal. D．What will your life be like if you don't choose to achieve your goal? E．What are the biggest problems that make you hesitate about your dream? F．Look to your own mental and emotional data that will affect your desired outcome. G．Quite often, you will see people with extreme talent who nevertheless struggle for success. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了我们如何做出正确决定的方法。 1．G　[根据下文中的“That's because talent alone is not...”可知，设空处与talent有关，G项符合语境，说明有天赋的人也常在成功边缘挣扎，因为成功还需要做出正确的决定。G项中的talent和success分别与下文中的talent和上文中的successful构成原词复现。] 2．B　[根据下文中的“Making a choice is not just to satisfy an isolated (单独的) component but also about a broader view”可知，下文强调了做决定需要全盘考虑，B项符合语境。B项中的the whole picture与下文中的a broader view相呼应。] 3．F　[本段介绍了做出正确的决定需要收集数据，因此需要考虑我们的精神和情感数据对结果的影响，F项符合语境。F项中的data与上文中的data是原词复现。] 4．D　[根据下文中的from your answer to this question可知，设空处为疑问句，再结合本段主旨句“Think of the consequences of not making a choice”可知，设空处的提问应与不做出决定的后果相关，D项符合语境。D项中的“don't choose to achieve your goal”与上文中的not making a choice相呼应。] 5．C　[根据上文的段落结构可知，设空处为本段主旨句。本段指出确定实现目标后的回报的重要性，故C项符合语境。C项中的reward与下文中的reward是原词复现。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$