Unit5 Section Ⅰ Starting out-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版2019）

Unit 5 Into the unknown 主题语境：人与自然——探索未知 单元知识预览 Section ⅠStarting out & Understanding ideas 目录/CONTENTS 读文——语篇研析 深挖教材 背诵——晨背晚默 事半功倍 02 01 03 探究——要点直击 核心突破 闯关——达标检测 夯基固本 04 背 诵——晨背晚默 事半功倍 （词句背诵+语基默写，可打印，教师灵活使用） 读 文——语篇研析 深挖教材 （课文助读，可打印，教师灵活使用） complex structures applied accurate complicated Human  causes changing unknowingly deal  with droughts collapse 这些复杂建筑最非同寻常之处在于,玛雅人是如何在没有使用机轮、金属工具甚至畜力的情况下建造它们的。 玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信，也更加神秘莫测。 许多科学家认为，这些旱灾是玛雅文明在不同地方以不同速度开始衰落的主要原因。 buried  in reading Who does the bike belong to?  Where has its owner gone？ 探 究——要点直击 核心突破 【高频词汇练全】 vt.将……埋在下面；埋葬；遮盖；使专心 bury 1 把……应用于……；把……涂/敷到……上→applicant n．申请人→application n．申请；申请书；应用 apply...to... 2 n．残垣断壁，废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产 ruin 3 vt.离弃，逃离；抛弃 n.放任；纵情→abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的 abandon 4 【中频词汇练会】 【重点句式练透】 n．交换；交流 vt.交换； 交流；交易；兑换 句型公式：leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 课下巩固训练（十三） 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 Learning that you are interested in ancient Chinese civilisation They had been buried under the earth for more than 2,000 years 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 scheduled on Saturday morning from 9:00 to 11:00 in the school hall 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 has been  surrounded 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 单词拼写 单句语法填空 单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座) 课文语法填空 阅读理解 阅读七选五 速读明大意 Ⅰ.Skim the text and fill in the blanks. Ⅱ.What's the main idea of the text? The passage mainly talks about ． the mysterious Maya civilisation 精读知细节 Choose the best answer according to the text. 1．Why does the author mention William Gadoury in Paragraph 1? A．To explain the ancient star charts. B．To show William Gadoury's incredible discovery. C．To stress the popularity of the mysteries of the Maya. D．To introduce an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. √ 2．What was remarkable about the Maya calendar? A．It was used in many countries. B．It was based entirely on lunar cycles. C．It was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. D．It was the first calendar system in the Americas. 3．Which is the Maya's most unique achievement? A．The Maya calendar. B．The writing system. C．The huge canal systems. D．The palaces and temples. √ √ 4．When did Maya civilisation reach its peak? A．By 700 AD. 　 B．Around 900 AD. C．In the 16th century. 　 D．In the 19th century. 5．What weakened the Maya people's ability to deal with natural disasters? A．A deadly disease. B．Food shortages. C．Conflicts between cities. D．Changes in the landscape. √ √ 读后悟考点 Ⅰ.扫词汇障碍 熟词 生义 spot (Para.1) (常见义) n.地点→(文章义)vt. decline (Para.3) (常见义) vi.减少；下降→(文章义)vi. claim (Para.3) (常见义) vt.声称→(文章义)v. 发现 衰退；衰败 索取，索要 Ⅱ.破译长难句 [教材1]　What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power. [分析]　该句为主系表结构的复合句。名词性从句What is most extraordinary about these complex structures在句中作 ；how引导的从句在句中作 。 [翻译]　 主语 表语 [教材2]　The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. [分析]　该句为复合句。The fact是主语，that Maya society was technologically primitive为 从句，解释说明fact的内容；its achievements作make的宾语，形容词incredible 和mysterious为 。 [翻译]　 同位语 宾语补足语 [教材3]　Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places. [分析]　该句为复合句。that引导 从句；其中why引导 从句，修饰先行词 。 [翻译]　 宾语 定语 reason Ⅲ.学表达技巧 省略表达 [教材1]　Based on this，he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. [分析]　句中“Based on this” 的使用在一定程度上使表达简洁了不少，后半部分“buried deep in the jungle”是过去分词短语作定语，也可看作定语从句的省略，效果如同“an unknown Maya city that was buried deep in the jungle”，省略后句子更简洁。 [仿写]　句型转换 ①She fell down the stairs and landed in a heap at the bottom. →She fell down the stairs, ． (现在分词短语作状语) ②He sat at a wooden table and was buried in reading. →He sat at a wooden table, ．(过去分词短语作状语) landing in a heap at the bottom 设问修辞 [教材2]　Was it a natural disaster？A deadly disease？Conflicts between cities？Or was it a combination of several different factors? [分析]　文章第四段第二至五句运用设问的写作手法，旨在激发读者兴趣，引发读者思考古玛雅文明衰落的原因。 [仿写]　尝试运用设问修辞补全句子 这辆自行车是谁的呢？它的主人去哪儿了呢？可能它属于一个热爱运动和户外活动的人。 Maybe it is owned by a person who loves exercise and outdoor activities. 主旨升华 [教材3]　Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. [分析]　一个文明的兴衰应该带给后人更多反思，我们应当居安思危，思则有备，有备无患，这样才能避免悲剧的发生。 [背诵] 请体会并记住下面的句子 ①Real civilisation is the result of all people planting happiness. 真正的文明是所有人播种幸福的结果。 ②Education is the transmission of civilisation. 教育传播文明。 ③When we are in peace, we should be prepared for danger.居安思危。 过渡衔接 文中运用了许多关联词，使文章的衔接流畅自然。例如表示转折关系的关联词，如第三段的“But”和“Yet”。表示让步关系的关联词，如第一段的“Although”。表示并列关系的关联词，如第四段的“Or”和第六段的“Meanwhile”。表示伴随的关联词，如第四段的“As”。学会准确灵活地使用关联词对写文章有很大的帮助。 [仿写]　选用过渡词汇(although, first, and then)补全语段 We collected the rubbish on the riverbank, we watered the trees and the flowers nearby. we were tired out, we all felt happy and pleased. first and then Although 行文结构 行文分析：课文标题“The Mysteries of THE MAYA”直接点明了文章的主题“玛雅之谜”。 本文按照“总—分—总”的顺序剖析了玛雅文明消失的原因及其对人类的启示。第一段以一个加拿大十五岁青少年的发现开篇引出了玛雅文明一直在人们的关注之下。第二段具体叙述了古玛雅文明的辉煌。第三段按照时间顺序表述了人们的疑惑：为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大多数的城市。第四段开始用四个疑问句引出研究者的发现，主要分述了对玛雅文明消失的人为原因的猜测。第五段主要分述了自然灾害或许是导致玛雅文明衰落的原因。第六段是总结提升段，主要点明了玛雅文明的衰落引发人类对自身命运的思考。 阅读技巧：在阅读语篇时，我们要学会寻找上下文关联线索，精准提取文本传递的关键信息，从而能够找到文章各段的段落主题句，进一步梳理文本结构，增强对语篇结构和脉络的把控能力。 be buried in＝bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于 be buried in thought 沉思 bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 Buried in his lessons 【练透】　单句语法填空/一句多译 ① (bury) in his study, he wasn't aware that all the others had left. ② (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping. ③由于埋头于功课，他对周围的事情一无所知。 → ，he knew nothing about the surrounding world.(as引导原因状语从句) → ，he knew nothing about the surrounding world.(过去分词短语作状语) 【点拨】　表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有： ①be absorbed/engaged in　 ②be devoted to　 ③be lost in　 ④focus on　 ⑤fix/concentrate one's attention on Buried Burying As he was buried in his lessons apply to... 向……申请；适用于…… apply (to...) for... (向……)申请…… apply oneself to 集中精力于 applied for a full­time job hundreds of applicants 【练透】　完成片段 自去年以来，我一直致力于研究有关种植的最新技术。我认为我们不仅要了解理论，还要懂得如何把它应用于实践。这些新技术如果应用于农业，将有助于增加粮食产量。我已申请在镇上做一份全职工作。令我高兴的是，我从几百个申请者中被选中了。 Since last year，I the latest technology about planting.I think that we should know not only the theory but also how to . These new technology, if ， will help increase the grain output.I in the village.To my delight，I was chosen from ． have been applying myself to studying apply it to practice applied to farming (1)in ruins 破败不堪；严重受损 fall into ruin 成为废墟，被毁掉 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 (2)ruin one's hope/chance/health 毁掉某人的希望/机会/健康 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 ruining his chance of going abroad 【练透】　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely ruins. ②Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look. ③他犯了个错误，这让他错失了出国的机会。 →He made a mistake, . (定语从句) →He made a mistake, ．(分词作状语) in being reduced which ruined his chance of going abroad abandoned abandon oneself to...＝be abandoned to 沉湎于……；纵情于…… abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 【练透】　单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子 ①They abandoned (carry) out the plan because of the lack of money. ②Soon they reached an (abandon) temple, where there once lived an old monk. carrying ③Without worrying about anything, she abandoned herself to a life of pleasure. →Without worrying about anything, she a life of pleasure. ④在我的空闲时间，我将继续定期锻炼，比如游泳、跑步和各种球类运动，而不是使自己沉迷于电脑游戏。 In my free time, I will continue taking regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games instead of ． 【点拨】　abandon oneself to中的to为介词，后面接名词或动名词。 was abandoned to abandoning myself to computer games D n.扩充 n.下台 Ⅰ.一词多义——根据语境选出dismiss的含义 A．vt.拒绝考虑；不理会 B．vt.解雇，开除 C．vt.解散 D．vt.去除，消除 ①As far as I'm concerned，we can dismiss their objections. ②At 12 o'clock the class was dismissed. ③She claimed she was unfairly dismissed from her post. ④Dismissing her fears, she climbed higher. Ⅱ.熟词生义——猜测句中加黑词汇的词性及含义 ①The book is an expansion of a series of lectures given last year. ②His lack of experience had led to his downfall. A C B 教材原文：Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future.同时，玛雅文明的崛起和衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与未来。 “leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，该句式意为“让/使某人(物)继续处于某种状态”。leave的常见用法如下： (1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语 (2)leave＋宾语＋现在分词(其中宾语与宾语补足语之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系) (3)leave＋宾语＋过去分词(其中宾语与宾语补足语之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系) (4)leave＋宾语＋动词不定式(其中动词不定式表示将来的动作) you leave the water running 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①His parents both went abroad to work，leaving him (live) with his grandparents. ②He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast (touch). ③He has grown up，so you'd better leave him (solve) the problem by himself. ④如果不用水时你还让水一直流着，你就是在浪费。 If when you don't use it，you are wasting it. living untouched to solve buried ruins abandoned dismiss pyramids Ⅰ.单词拼写(每题1.5分，共12分) 1．I was looking for my handbag，which was (将……埋在下面) under a pile of old newspapers. 2．Years of fighting has left the area in (废墟). 3．The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being (离弃) to the care of strangers. 4．Let's not just (拒绝考虑) the idea before we've even thought about it. 5．They built the (金字塔) and turned their kings into mummies. 6．As we know，the Panama (运河) has played a very important role in transportation. 7．I wonder if you know anything about (天文学). 8．It is generally agreed that the economic crisis led to the (衰败) of the country. Canal astronomy downfall with killing buried Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题1分，共10分) 1．These (expand) into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. 2．The translation does not quite correspond the original. 3．His lack of confidence led a lot of sufferings. 4．My boss urges me to deal the most urgent matters every day firstly. 5．A small plane crashed into a hillside, (kill) all four people on board. 6．Her constructive criticism and wise counselling helped me uncover (bury) feelings and emotions which I has long denied. expansions to/with to civilisation 7．I really hope you could take a serious consideration of my (apply) for the job. 8．We saw (abandon) farms which were built more than a hundred years ago. 9．Do not come back.This is your final (dismiss). 10．They are the representatives of ancient (civilise) and the wisdom of ancient folks. application abandoned dismissal Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——邀请参加关于兵马俑的讲座)(每题4分，共20分) 1．得知你对中国的古代文明很感兴趣，我写信邀请你参加一个关于兵马俑的讲座。 , I am writing to invite you to attend a lecture about the Terracotta Warriors.(现在分词作状语) 2．它们在地下埋藏了2 000多年才被发现。 before they were discovered.(bury) 3．讲座定于星期六上午9点至11点在学校礼堂举行，由林教授主讲。 The lecture will be delivered by Professor Lin.(分词作定语) 4．毫无疑问，林教授是秦朝历史方面的专家。 There is no doubt on the history of Qin Dynasty.(同位语从句) 5．我负责这项活动，我真诚地希望你不要拒绝我的邀请。 I and I sincerely hope you won't dismiss my invitation.(leave复合结构) that Professor Lin is an expert am left in charge of the activity which others Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) Many people show an 1. (increase) interest in Maya civilisation.Extending south from Mexico into Central America，it 2. (surround) by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.Firstly，the Maya built 3. (impress) palaces and temples. Secondly，Maya people have 4. good understanding of mathematics and astronomy.Thirdly，the calendar they made is very accurate.Above all，they have a true writing system，5. contained more than 800 characters，some signs representing animals，people and objects and 6. representing syllables. Sadly，Maya civilisation began to mysteriously decline.Many factors contribute increasing impressive a lasted 7. its collapse.For one thing，Maya people reduced their ability 8. (deal) with natural disasters by changing the landscape.For another，fewer tropical cyclones were likely 9. (lead) to a series of droughts，and each 10. (last) for a couple of years.Whatever the reasons，the rise and fall of Maya civilisation leaves us many things to think about. to to deal to have led Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题4分，共28分) A Unsolved Mysteries About the Planet Earth ◆Mystery 1：Where did all the water come from? Water covers 70 percent of Earth's surface and earns it the nickname“the blue planet”．And where did the water come from？The most popular scientific theory states that the H2O arrived in the form of several violent asteroids (小行星) filled with ice.Another suggests that the water actually has been around since Earth's formation.However it happened, though, it's certainly worked out well for Earth's life forms. ◆Mystery 2：What about all the oxygen? Another thing is the planet's oxygen.Tiny creatures released oxygen as a waste product, filling the atmosphere with it.After that, the level of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere went wildly up and down until it finally calmed down around 540 million years ago.Since then, it's remained at about the breathable level we experience today.But what caused it to be suddenly steady? ◆Mystery 3: What caused the Cambrian (寒武纪的)Explosion? The Cambrian Explosion refers to the explosion of complex life that occurred on the Earth about 540 million years ago.Before then, life had consisted mostly of bacteria.But at the beginning of the Cambrian period, complex creatures began developing at a rate never before seen.Suddenly, life forms had brains, eyes, and bones.Most creatures that are alive today can trace their blood back to the Cambrian period. ◆Mystery 4：Will we ever be able to predict earthquakes? We still haven't been able to come up with a way to accurately predict earthquakes.We can certainly try, but our current technology cannot predict them exactly.We know that earthquakes start when rocks crack underground and send earthquake waves toward the surface, but we haven't figured out why that happens, or how to predict it. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个关于地球的未解之谜，它们分别是：所有的水都来自哪里？所有的氧气又从何而来？是什么导致了寒武纪生命大爆发？我们能够预测地震吗？ 1．What was created later by creatures on the Earth? A．Water. B．Bacteria. C．Oxygen. D．Ice. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“Tiny creatures released oxygen as a waste product”可知，地球上的生物后来创造了氧气。] √ 2．Which of the following talks about the Earth's advanced species? A．Mystery 1. B．Mystery 2. C．Mystery 4. D．Mystery 3. D　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Most creatures that are alive today can trace their blood back to the Cambrian period”可知，未解之谜3谈论了地球上的高级物种。] √ 3．What do we know about Mystery 4? A．It is a matter that has extremely practical significance. B．It will be solved in the near future. C．It is the most difficult to solve of the four. D．It is the oldest mystery of the four. A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，未解之谜4是关于我们是否将能够预测地震，结合生活实际可知，这是一件非常有实际意义的事。] √ B (2024·临沂高二下期末)Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans, after research showed that a famous skull of a human ancestor found in South Africa is a million years older than experts thought.This discovery has changed what we know of human history. The skull, which scientists have named “Mrs.Ples”， is from an ape­like human relative from a species called Australopithecus (南方古猿) africanus.It was found near Johannesburg in 1947 and, based on evidence from its surroundings, it was thought to be between 2.1 and 2.6 million years old.This puzzled scientists, because although Mrs.Ples looks like a possible early ancestor of early humans, the first true humans had already evolved by the time she apparently lived.For this reason, scientists decided that, Australopithecus afarensis, a similar species from Eastern Africa that lived about 3.85 and 2.95 million years ago, was our most likely ancestor instead. To get a more accurate age of Mrs.Ples, a team led by Professor Darryl Granger of Purdue University in Indiana, used a new method to date the sandy rocks where the skull lay.They measured the amount of certain chemicals in rocks, which form at a steady rate when they are exposed to cosmic rays (宇宙射线) on Earth's surface.Once rocks are buried, these chemicals stop forming and slowly disappear；the surviving amount reveals how much time has passed since the rocks (or bones) were on the surface. The new study shows that Mrs.Ples and other australopithecine bones nearby are between 3.4 and 3.7 million years old.This means they lived at the same time as their Eastern African relatives, so either group could have given rise to modern humans.However, team member Dr Laurent Bruxelles pointed out that over millions of years，at only 2,500 miles away, these groups had plenty of time to travel and to breed with each other.In other words, the groups could quite easily have met, had children together and both been part of the history of modern humans. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。在南非发现的一个人类祖先的头盖骨，改变了人们对人类历史的认知。本文介绍了相关时间测算的技术问题，并介绍了不同人对新研究结果的不同看法。 4．What can we learn about Mrs.Ples from the first two paragraphs? A．It is a skull found in Eastern Africa. B．It is the most possible ancestor of humans. C．It is a million years older than scientists expected. D．It is proved to live between 2.1 and 2.6 million years ago. C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists have solved...than experts thought”可知，在南非发现的一个人类祖先的著名头盖骨的年龄比专家们认为的要大100万年。] √ 5．How did scientists get the accurate age of “Mrs.Ples”？ A．By studying the effect of cosmic rays. B．By calculating the forming rate of chemicals. C．By locating the sandy rocks where the skull lay. D．By measuring the surviving amount of chemicals. D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They measured the...were on the surface”可知，科学家们通过测量岩石中特定化学物质的含量来判断Mrs.Ples的年龄：岩石暴露在地表时，这些化学物质便以稳定的速度形成，一旦被掩埋，则会停止形成并慢慢消失。故选D。] √ 6．What can we infer from the new study? A．Modern humans came into being in Eastern Africa. B．Mrs.Ples travelled and had children with Eastern African relatives. C．The history of modern humans might begin 3.85 million years ago. D．Ape­like species from Africa could have interacted with each other. D　[推理判断题。根据尾段，尤其是尾段最后两句可知，在数百万年的时间里，在仅仅2 500英里之外的地方，这些群体有足够的时间远行并繁衍；即这些群体可能很容易相遇、一起生儿育女。据此可以推知，来自非洲的类人猿物种可能互相交流、繁衍了。] √ 7．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Puzzle Unsolved B．Ancestor Mystery Solved C．Mrs.Ples：The Earliest Human Being D．Mrs.Ples：A Famous Skull B　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文第一段中的“Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans”为全文的主旨句，指出“科学家们已解开了关于现代人的祖先之谜”；接着全文围绕此主题句展开，介绍了Mrs.Ples的头盖骨的发现以及使用的预测年龄的方法等。故B项最适合作文章的标题。] √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每题3分，共15分) Life is full of surprises.You never know what's going to happen from one day to the next.1. It can also be anxious.When something happens that you didn't expect, it throws your whole world off balance.This can lead to negative feelings. One way to fight against these negative feelings is through optimism.2. Optimism is a mental attitude that sees new things as opportunities, transitions as improvements, and challenges as learning experiences. 3． This gives you more power over your life and what happens to it, which can help prevent anxiety and depression.This can also help improve physical health in turn over time. When something bad happens, optimists are less likely than pessimists to blame themselves or others for what happened.They don't consider these negative emotions.They are able to see things from a positive perspective, even when something doesn't go as planned.4. So it's important to face bad things bravely and keep a positive mind.Of course, it's important to remember that optimism can't put a stop to all bad things.5. But if you can manage to focus more on the good than the bad, you'll be less anxious and be well on your way to a happier and healthier life. A．It can be exciting. B．It can be a positive attitude to difficulty. C．Too much optimism can also be harmful. D．Optimism is a positive attitude toward the future in general. E．This kind of thinking can help lower stress and improve mental health. F．When you are optimistic, you're also more likely to control the situation. G．No matter how positive you are, there'll be times when bad things happen. [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人们要用乐观的心态去面对生活中发生的糟糕的事情，这样生活才能更幸福。 1．A　[上文“Life is full of surprises.You never know what's going to happen from one day to the next.”你永远不知道生活接下来会发生什么。A项中的It指代前文中的“life”，和下一句“It can also be anxious.”并列说明生活可能是什么样子。A项“它可能令人兴奋。”符合语境。] 2．D　[上文“One way to fight against these negative feelings is through optimism”说明乐观是对抗负面情绪的方法。D项中的Optimism对应上文的optimism。“a positive attitude”和下文相呼应。“Optimism is a mental attitude that sees new things as opportunities, transitions as improvements, and challenges as learning experiences.”并列说明乐观面对生活的表现。D项“乐观主义是对未来的积极态度。”符合语境。] 3．F　[下文“This gives you more power over your life and what happens to it, which can help prevent anxiety and depression.This can also help improve physical health in turn over time.”说明了乐观的心态能够帮助预防焦虑和抑郁，也有助于改善身体健康。根据上下文可知，This指代对生活持乐观态度，与F项中的“You are optimistic”相对应。故F项“当你乐观的时候，你也更有可能控制局面。”符合语境。] 4．E　[上文“When something bad happens, optimists are less likely than pessimists to blame themselves or others for what happened.They don't consider these negative emotions.They are able to see things from a positive perspective, even when something doesn't go as planned.”可知，乐观的人不考虑负面情绪，他们会积极地去看待问题。空处总结前文的内容。E项中的“This kind of thinking”代指前文中乐观主义者的想法，进一步说明乐观主义者的想法能够带来的好处。因此推断E项“这种思维方式有助于减轻压力，改善心理健康。”符合语境，故选E。] 5．G　[下文“But if you can manage to focus more on the good than the bad, you'll be less anxious and be well on your way to a happier and healthier life.”说明关注更多好的方面就能更幸福。空处和下文是转折关系，G项中的“there'll be times when bad things happen”和下文中的“you can manage to focus more on the good than the bad”形成转折关系，说明生活中总会有糟糕的事情发生，承接下文。] $$