Unit4 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas Ⅰ.读文章细节 1．Which one is TRUE about the description of Jimmy? A．He was born on the earth and moved to the moon later. B．He was born on the moon and had abilities that people on the earth didn't have. C．He was often cheated by his toy Robutt. D．He liked the real dog from Earth as soon as he saw it. 2．Why did Mr Anderson bring a dog from Earth? A．Because he really liked it. B．Because his wife hasn't seen one since she was born. C．Because his son was born on the moon and has never seen one. D．Because he wanted his son to experience the life on the earth. 3．What does the sentence “Jimmy couldn't go wrong while Robutt was around” (Para.6) mean? A．Robutt was helpful to Jimmy. B．Jimmy was afraid to make a mistake while Robutt was present. C．Jimmy got on well with Robutt. D．Jimmy still couldn't adapt to the moon environment. 4．What can you conclude from the last sentence of the passage? A．Robutt was concerned that he would say goodbye to Jimmy. B．Robutt was glad because Jimmy would have a new friend. C．Robutt was sighing over his unfortunate fate. D．Robutt understood Jimmy's mind that he wouldn't leave him. 5．What's the main idea of the passage? A．A boy's love for a robot­mutt. B．Parents' love for their son. C．A gift from Earth. D．A boy's attitude to a gift from Earth. 答案：1～5　BCADD Ⅱ.学表达技巧 场景描写 [教材1]　The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater­slope was brightly lit. [分析]　该句为我们呈现了月球上环形山斜坡被照亮的静态画面。 [仿写]　尝试用场景描写完成句子 这里的房子一个挨着一个，没有房子的地方便是道路。 The houses are packed tightly together, and where there are no houses, there are roads. 动作链句式 [教材2]　Jimmy couldn't go wrong while Robutt was around, tripping him when he was too near a rock, or jumping on him to show how much he loved him, or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind a rock, when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was. [分析]　该句子的结构模式是：总括性描述＋细节支撑1(动词­ing形式＋情境1)＋细节支撑2(动词­ing形式＋情境2)＋细节支撑3(动词­ing形式＋情境3)。 [仿写]　请参照左侧结构模式补全语段 我的家庭机器人给我的生活带来了极大便利。当我经过一天的辛苦工作疲惫不堪地回到家时，它已经把晚餐准备好了；当我太忙时它去学校接我的女儿；当我处于困境时，它甚至安慰我、鼓励我。 My household robot brings my life great convenience, getting dinners ready when I return home, tired out after a whole day's hard work, picking my daughter up from school when I am too busy, and even comforting and encouraging me when I am in trouble. 心理描写 [教材3]　Jimmy held Robutt tightly.He was frowning, too, and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn't change his mind. [分析]　句中frown结合the desperate look on his face进一步诠释了Jimmy的心理状态：他和机器狗Robutt感情深厚，不会放弃它。 [仿写]　尝试用心理描写完成句子 当狮子靠近她的时候，她非常害怕。 A wave of panic overwhelmed her when she found the lion approaching her. 高频词汇练全 go through 经历；经受；仔细检查；完成；通过 get through (用电话)接通；穿过；通过(考试、议案等)； 做完，完成； 熬过(困境) look through 浏览；翻阅 see through 看穿，识破 break through 突破(障碍) 【练透】　选用右侧短语填空/完成句子 ①I have looked through all my papers but I still can't find my notes. ②More and more people are coming to see through their tricks. ③A smile can help us get through difficult situations and make friends in a world of strangers. ④事实上， 每个人都似乎会经历诸事不顺的一段时期，因此不必太担心。 Actually, everyone may go through a time when things seem to be going wrong, so there is no need to worry so much. hold out 伸出(手、胳膊等)；维持，坚持 hold back 阻挡；阻碍；抑制(感情等) hold on 别挂断；等一等；坚持 hold on to 坚守；保留(房屋、财产等)；抓住 hold up 举起，拿起；支撑；耽搁；延迟 【练透】　选用右侧短语填空/完成句子 ①If we believe something is true, good and beautiful, we should hold on to it. ②The traffic police held up the traffic to allow the pupils to cross the road. ③He walked to her and held out a small bunch of wild flowers. ④她很伤心，不知不觉哭了，眼泪止不住地流。 She felt so sad that she found herself weeping, unable to hold back her tears．(形容词短语作状语) desperate adj.拼命的，绝望的；极渴望的；危急的→desperately adv.极其，非常；绝望地→desperation n．绝望的境地；不顾一切 (1)be desperate for sth. 渴望某物 be desperate to do sth. 渴望做某事 in desperate need of 非常需要 (2)in desperation 绝望地 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He is so desperate for a job that he will do anything. ②There may be something missing in your life that you desperately (desperate) want. ③It hasn't rained for several months and this place is in desperate need of water. ④我渴望提高英语口语，你能给我一些建议吗？ I am desperate to improve my spoken English．Can you give me some advice? consistent adj.一贯的；一致的→consistently adv.一贯地；始终如一地 be consistent with 与……一致 be consistent in... 在某方面一致 a consistent approach to the problem 解决问题的一贯方法 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She's not very consistent in the way she treats her children. ②We have argued consistently (consistent) for a change in the law. ③如果你的言行不一致，没有人会信任你。 If your conduct is not consistent with what you say, nobody will trust you. 中频词汇练会 Ⅰ.一词多义——根据语境选出slope的含义 A．n.斜坡；坡地　B．n.山坡　C．vi.倾斜；有坡度　D．vi.悄悄地走 ①We plan to bring all these mountain slopes under cultivation. B ②The garden sloped gently downwards to the river. C ③He looked up the slope of land that rose from the house. A ④She sloped off quietly on Saturday afternoon. D Ⅱ.熟词生义——猜测句中加黑词汇的词性及含义 ①“You'll never guess who I saw today！”“Give me a clue.”n.提示；线索 ②This practice is frowned upon as being wasteful.vi.反对；不赞成 重点句式练透 句型公式：though引导的让步状语从句 教材原文：Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn't outrace Robutt, who didn't need a spacesuit，and had four legs and tendons of steel.论速度，吉米虽然是个能手，但他比不过罗布特，因为它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱，还不用穿太空服。 (1)though意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，可位于句首、句中或句末。 (2)though引导让步状语从句时不能与but连用，但可与yet，still等连用。 (3)though引导的让步状语从句可倒装，也可不倒装。用倒装语序时其结构为“表语/状语/动词原形＋though＋主语＋be/实义动词/情态动词/助动词”。若提前的表语是可数名词单数，要省略冠词。 【练透】　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Although/Though a week has passed since you returned home, I can still recall the enjoyable time we spent together.(2022·浙江1月卷) ②Child though/as he was，he did quite well. ③尽管他很累，但他的眼睛里闪烁着喜悦的光芒。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) →Though/Although he was tired, his eyes twinkled with delight.(正常语序) →Tired though/as he was, his eyes twinkled with delight.(倒装语序) 【点拨】　although引导让步状语从句只用正常语序，一般可与though换用；as引导让步状语从句时只用倒装语序，此时可与though换用。 (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每题2分，共14分) 1．My judgment was sometimes faulty (有缺陷的), but my loyalty to the nation could not be questioned. 2．The police think the videotape may hold some vital clues (线索) to the identity of the killer. 3．He gave his imitation (复制品) of Queen Elizabeth's royal waving. 4．Jim frowned (皱眉) from time to time when he caught the curious glance of some strangers. 5．In other words, the wave has gained half a wavelength (波长) in the process of reflection. 6．Mechanical (机械的) clocks were invented in the 14th century. 7．I think the street must have been on a slope (斜坡). Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题2.5分，共20分) 1．She went through a period of emotional adjustment after her marriage broke up. 2．This faulty (fault) connection is the source of the engine trouble. 3．The result of the second experiment was exactly consistent with that of the first one. 4．He cut desperately (desperate) at the rope in an attempt to free his foot. 5．Everyone was in shock.Some people were crying and no one really knew what was happening. 6．Her eyes were tightly (tight) closed and her hands were trembling. 7．Seeing her son again after two years' absence, the mother held out her arms to embrace him. 8．We set out to paint (paint) the whole house but finished only the front part that day. Ⅲ.单句写作(话题写作——朋友/友谊)(每题3.5分，共21分) 1．众所周知，朋友在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色。 As we know, friends play an important role in our life.(as) 2．陪伴我们度过艰难时期的是朋友。 It is friends who/that accompany us to go through hard times．(强调句型， go through) 3．朋友应该彼此学习，从而有更多的优点而不是缺点。 Friends should learn from each other so that they can have more advantages than disadvantages．(so that) 4．尽管有些人非常渴望朋友，但他们不想付出真诚。 Though some people are desperate for friends, they don't want to give sincerity to others. (though 引导让步状语从句) 5．然而，我们应该记住，维持友谊不仅需要时间，还需要奉献精神。 However, we should keep in mind that maintaining friendships demands not only time but also dedication．(demand) 6．此外，如果我们言行不一致，我们势必会失去朋友。 Besides, if what we do is not consistent with what we say, we are bound to lose our friends. (consistent) Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) Jimmy, 1.a Moon­born boy, grew up with his good friend—Robutt.One typical day, they were playing on the crater.Jimmy looked thicker and stubbier with a spacesuit on, but the 2.weight (weigh) of the spacesuit couldn't keep Jimmy from racing up the gentle slope of the crater in a floating hop. Robutt squeaked and bounded after.Expert as Jimmy was, he couldn't outrace Robutt, who 3.was programmed (program) to protect him and accompany him.Jimmy couldn't go wrong while Robutt was around, tripping him when he was near a rock, or 4.jumping (jump) on him to show how much he loved him.They were playing 5.happily (happy) when Jimmy's father, Mr Anderson, called him back. On arriving home, Jimmy was told that his new companion—a dog 6.from the Earth and also the first one ever on the Moon was at the rocket station, going through the tests, after 7.which he would have it.Mr Anderson wanted his son 8.to experience (experience) the love of a living thing through a real dog instead of Robutt, a 9.mechanical (mechanic) imitation.However, Jimmy held Robutt tightly and insisted, “I love Robutt, and that's what 10.counts (count).” Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分，共20分) A Never play games with a bot (robot)—it will find a way to cheat if it can.A team from OpenAI, an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco, has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hide­and­seek.The bots also learned how to use basic tools to help win. Bowen Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see if the team­based dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans. The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated (模拟的)environment filled with fixed walls, movable boxes and ladders, and left them to play team games of hide­and­seek.The bots each had their own view of the world and couldn't communicate with each other directly. At first, the hiders simply ran away.But they soon worked out that the quickest way to stop the seekers was to find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view.The seekers learned that they could move boxes around and use them to climb over walls.The bots then discovered that being a team­player—passing objects to each other or cooperating on a hideout— was the quickest way to win. But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults.Seekers found that if they pushed a ladder towards a wall, they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from above.Hiders found that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing them aside. It shows that AI bots are able to find solutions that humans miss, says Baker.“Maybe they'll even be able to solve problems that humans don't yet know how to.”However, it is a large leap from virtual hide­and­seek to real problem­solving.“The main limitation is that it is in simulation，”says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能团队开发一种通过玩捉迷藏自学合作技能的人工智能机器人并探究其将来能否帮助人类解决问题。 1．Why did Bowen and his colleagues conduct the research? A．To teach bots to play games. B．To train bots to use basic tools. C．To find if bots may cheat like humans. D．To see the potential of bots' cooperation. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，OpenAI的Bowen Baker和他的同事们想看看OpenAI Five的人工智能机器人的团队互动能否被用来研究将来对人类有用的技能，故D项正确。 2．What's the third paragraph mainly about? A．The tools of the research. B．The design of the research. C．The competitors of the game. D．The environment of the game. 解析：选B。段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段主要介绍了研究的设计：研究人员将机器人置于一个到处是固定墙壁、可移动的盒子和梯子的模拟环境中，让它们玩团队捉迷藏游戏，且彼此不能直接交流。故B项正确。 3．What does the underlined word“It”in the last paragraph refer to? A．Passing objects. B．Moving boxes around. C．Making use of faults. D．Hiding themselves from view. 解析：选C。词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句“But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults.”可知，但真正令人惊讶的是机器人开始利用问题或失误，且第五段给出了相应的例子；结合最后一段第一句可以判断，该句主语It指代的是“机器人利用错误”，故C项正确。 4．What does Chelsea think of the finding of the research? A．It can bridge a gap in the AI research. B．It will not be influenced by the real world. C．It will definitely help the real problem­solving. D．It may not be realized out of the virtual world. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据尾段尾句中Chelsea Finn所说的话“The main limitation is that it is in simulation”可知，Chelsea Finn认为主要的局限在于机器人的互动是处于模拟状态下的。据此可以判断，Chelsea Finn认为超出模拟范围，这种结果可能不会发生。故D项正确。 B (2024·河南省郑州市高二下期中)Since 2001, robotic tools have greatly affected the practice of surgery (外科手术).They have reduced the stress and physical demands normally placed on surgeons and have made certain procedures possible. One example is “keyhole surgery”， which normally requires surgeons to stand at awkward angles and make difficult movements with their hands to make a cut inside the patient.But in June 2022, surgeon James Ansell used 3D glasses and two joysticks (操纵杆) to control four robotic arms to perform a procedure to remove a cancerous tumor (癌症肿瘤).“My colleague said that this feels like cheating，” Ansell said to The Guardian. Another area of surgery that has had major technological breakthroughs in recent years is telesurgery.Telesurgery, or remote surgery, is the use of technology that allows a surgeon to perform a procedure on a patient not in the same physical location. Normally, telesurgery relies on a wired connection for fear that a wireless connection drops during surgery.But China has made several advancements in wireless telesurgery based on 5G technology. China achieved the first 5G­based remote operation in March 2019 involving a brain surgery procedure between a surgeon in Sanya and a patient in Beijing, a distance totaling nearly 3，000 kilometers, reported CGTN.More recently, a team of surgeons successfully completed remote micron­level eye surgery on rabbits located in a different city, reported China Daily.The rabbits were at the Sun Yat­sen University in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, but the surgical team who operated on them via a 5G robot were at the Hainan Eye Hospital in Haikou, Hainan province. Looking to the future, people hope that remote surgery could become common to help heal injured soldiers on the battlefield while keeping surgeons at a safe distance.Some even believe that robotic systems, combined with AI, could one day surpass (超过) human surgeons. But, in consideration of current technological limitations and the high costs of these robots, the complete robot takeover of surgery may still have a long way to go. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要讲的是随着医疗机器人技术的进步，机器人工具在手术实践中引起了巨大的变化。它们大大减轻了外科医生通常承受的压力和体力要求，并使某些手术成为可能。 5．What does the “keyhole surgery” example intend to show? A．The difficulty of robotic surgery. B．The progress achieved by robotic tools. C．The need for advanced 5G technology. D．The physical challenges surgeons face. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段可知，第二段“keyhole surgery”是对第一段的举例，即机器人工具带来的进步。故选B项。 6．What great achievement has China made in the field of telesurgery? A．Achieving remote surgery using a wired connection. B．Completing remote eye surgery on humans successfully. C．Doing the first wireless brain surgery with 5G technology. D．Conducting the first 5G­based remote operation on rabbits. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第五段“China achieved the first 5G­based remote operation in March 2019 involving a brain surgery procedure between a surgeon in Sanya and a patient in Beijing, a distance totaling nearly 3，000 kilometers, reported CGTN.”可知，中国在远程手术方面实现了第一次基于5G的脑部手术， 在三亚的一名外科医生和北京的一名患者之间进行了脑部手术，距离总计近3 000公里。故选C项。 7．What can be inferred about robots in the medical field? A．They still need improving. B．They have been widely adopted. C．They are currently in great demand. D．They have surpassed human capabilities. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段“But, in consideration of current technological limitations and the high costs of these robots, the complete robot takeover of surgery may still have a long way to go.”可知，机器人运用在医学领域的成本很高，他们的发展还有很长的路要走，还需要不断改善。故选A项。 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．The benefits of robotic surgery. B．China's achievements in surgery. C．The development in medical robotics. D．The use of 5G technology in robotic surgery. 解析：选C。标题归纳题。根据文章第一段“Since 2001, robotic tools have greatly affected...”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了医疗机器人技术的进步。故选C项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每题2分，共10分) (2024·河南省三门峡市高二下期中)The age of space exploration started on April 12, 1961, when the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space.But why do we go to environments that are dangerous and even deadly to humans? The answer is simple.1. In this article, we'll read the major four benefits of space exploration. Promote the progress of medicine 2． For example, analyzing the effects of zero­gravity (零重力) on blood flow led to many discoveries on how to prevent some heart illnesses.The experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases. Develop new technologies The space race has birthed the most technological advancements in the shortest period of time.3. For example, the running shoes were originally developed for astronauts.We use them in our day­to­day lives without even knowing that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo program that took humankind to the moon. Start space tourism The biggest dream some of us have is being able to take a trip to outer space.However, it is still too expensive to go to space.As reusable rockets improve, the costs of these trips will become significantly lower.4. Inspire the next generation Space exploration stimulates the curiosity of children.5. Not only is this good for them as STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) jobs can secure them a comfortable future, but it also helps humans. A．Technologies have advanced considerably. B．It gets students interested in science and technology. C．Hopefully one day they'll be within the reach for all of us. D．These include stepping up cooperation in space exploration. E．The benefits of space exploration go beyond the dangers of it. F．Studying the effects of space travel can lead to some medical benefits. G．Throughout the years, companies have found consumer uses for many of these developments. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要讲是太空探索的四大好处。 1．解析：选E。根据空格前一句“But why do we go to environments that are dangerous and even deadly to humans？”可知，此处是在提出问题，而空格后一句“In this article, we'll read the major four benefits of space exploration.”是在回答这个问题，由此可知，空格处应该是在解释为什么我们要去对人类来说危险甚至致命的环境，选项E “The benefits of space exploration go beyond the dangers of it.(太空探索的好处超过了它的危险)”解释了为什么我们要去探索太空，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选E。 2．解析：选F。根据本文小标题“Promote the progress of medicine”可知，本段是在讲太空探索对医学的影响，选项F“Studying the effects of space travel can lead to some medical benefits.(研究太空旅行的影响可以带来一些医疗益处)”说明了太空探索能带来一些医疗好处，符合语境，故选F。 3．解析：选G。根据空格后一句“For example, the running shoes were originally developed for astronauts.We use them in our day­to­day lives...”可知，此处说明的是原本为宇航员开发的技术也应用到了普通人的生活中，G选项“Throughout the years, companies have found consumer uses for many of these developments.”说明了一些公司为探索太空所带来的技术惠及了普通的消费者，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。 4．解析：选C。根据空格前一句“As reusable rockets improve, the costs of these trips will become significantly lower.”可知，太空旅行的成本会随着可重复使用的火箭的改善而大大降低，空格处应该说明这会带来什么好处，选项C “Hopefully one day they'll be within the reach for all of us.”说明很有可能将来我们所有人都可以进行太空旅行，是太空旅行成本降低带来的好处，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。 5．解析：选B。根据空格前一句“Space exploration stimulates the curiosity of children.”可知，此处是在讲太空探索对孩子们的影响，B选项“It gets students interested in science and technology.”说明了太空探索所激发的好奇心使学生对科学技术感兴趣，也是太空探索对孩子的影响，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$