Unit4 Section Ⅱ Using language-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language Nowadays, some companies offer genetic testing for children's talents.①Many clients have been attracted to it.The process is simple.②Every child provides a small sample of blood or body tissue, which is analyzed.③Each of the children is given a report showing their possible talents. A recent example cited on the website is that ④one of the companies compares the talents of twins Bobby and Benny. Bobby was assessed and his talents were revealed to be mostly scientific.Meanwhile Benny's highest score was in arts subject.Indeed⑤drawing cartoon characters and playing the piano were Benny's favorite hobby.⑥Neither Benny nor Bobby was good at sports.But ⑦nobody is 100% sure of its accuracy, and ⑧what we need is more evidence. 在句子中主语和谓语动词在数上要保持一致。 1．可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词要用复数，如句①； 2．主语为单数意义，谓语动词用单数，如句②； 3．不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，如句③④⑦； 4．单个的动名词(短语)或不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但是两个或两个以上的动名词或不定式作主语，谓语动词用复数，如句⑤； 5．句⑥中的neither...nor...连接两个主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于nor后的主语； 6．what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数，如句⑧。 主谓一致(2) 一、语法一致原则 1．and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 As we know, water and air are essential to life. 众所周知。水和空气对于生命来说是必不可少的。 【点拨】　如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party tomorrow. 那位歌舞演员明天将参加我们的晚会。 2．主语后跟有with，together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 Pronunciation, as well as grammar and vocabulary, differs very largely from one area to another. 与语法和词汇一样，发音也因地区差异而大有不同。 3．当主语是“most/some/half/the rest/分数/百分数＋of＋名词”时，谓语动词的单复数取决于 of后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；若是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 ①Two thirds of the milk is sour. 三分之二的牛奶酸了。 ②Two thirds of the trees are newly planted. 三分之二的树是新植的。 4．某些不定代词，如either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something，everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ①Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 ②Each of the students has a book of the topic. 每个学生都有一本此主题的书。 5．单个的动词不定式、动名词(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 ①Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport, but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower. 夏天在河里游泳是一项很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要强大的意志力。 ②As the saying goes, to see is to believe. 正如谚语所说，眼见为实。 ③When the school sports meeting will be held hasn't been decided. 学校运动会什么时候举行还没有决定。 【点拨】　what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。 What we need is more money, but what they need are books. 我们需要的是更多的钱，但他们需要的是书。 6．主语是由“many a＋名词”或“more than one＋名词”构成，其意义虽为复数，但是谓语动词仍然用单数。 ①More than one person was injured in the accident. 不止一人在这次事故中受伤。 ②Many a student has failed the examination. 许多学生考试不及格。 ————即学即练1———— 用所给单词的适当形式填空 ①To read English aloud every morning does (do) you a lot of good. ②The boy and the girl were (be) surprised when they heard the news. ③When the building will be built hasn't been decided (not decide). ④Nobody but Jim and Mike was (be) on the playground just now. ⑤Listening to music makes (make) me relaxed after a busy day. ⑥After everything was done (do) and just after he left the barber, he saw a man in the street with long dirty hair. ⑦98% of the surface is covered (cover) permanently by ice and strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline. ⑧What the school needs are (be) qualified teachers. 二、就近一致原则 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语的单复数形式。这种一致关系所依据的原则叫作就近一致原则。 1．由 or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与邻近的主语在单复数上保持一致。 ①Not only the students but also the teacher wants to go climbing. 不仅学生们想去爬山，老师也想。 ②Either Mary or you are to blame for the fault. 要么玛丽要么你要为这个过失负责。 2．there be 句型中，谓语动词要和离它最近的主语保持一致。 ①There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。 ②There are two books, a pen and many pencils on the desk. 桌子上有两本书、一支钢笔和许多铅笔。 ————即学即练2———— 用所给单词的适当形式填空 ①Not only Jasper but also his friends are (be) planning to go, because they have never been there before. ②Not you but he was (be) to blame for the accident. ③Either you or one of your students is (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. ④There is (be) an apple tree and two pear trees in front of my house. assess v．评价，评定；估价→assessment n．评价；评估；评定 assess sth.at... 估计某物价值为…… be assessed as... 被评定为…… assess whether/how... 评估是否/如何…… 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Her financial needs were assessed at $1，800 a week. ②With such a small test we cannot make an assessment (assess) of his ability. ③该机器的发明被认为是21世纪最伟大的发明之一。 The invention of the machine is assessed as one of the greatest in the 21st century. ④由该委员会评定建筑物是否值得保存。 The committee assesses whether a building is worth preserving． bank on 依靠，指望 bank on sb./sth. 依靠/指望某人/某事 bank on (sb.) doing sth. 指望(某人)做某事 bank on sb./sth.to do sth. 指望某人/某物做某事 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The old man banks on his pension to pay (pay) for his wife's medical fee. ②I was banking on getting (get) something to eat on the train. ③我们通常依靠海洋来帮助维持地球的气候。 We usually bank on the oceans to help maintain the climate of the earth. horizon n．地平线；范围，眼界 on the horizon 将要发生 above/below the horizon 在地平线以上/下 broaden/widen one's horizons 开阔某人的眼界 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The man sensed that something unusual was on the horizon, feeling anxious. ②The sun sank below the horizon. ③我打算做兼职工作，通过它我可以拓宽我的视野。 I intend to take up a part­time job, through which I can have my horizons broadened． bound adj.可能的，一定会；准备前往(某地)；有义务的；受约束的 be bound to do... 很有可能， 肯定会 be bound for... 前往…… be bound by sth.(to do sth.) 受某物/某事约束(而必须做某事) 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ① It's bound to be (be) sunny again tomorrow. ②You are bound by the contract to pay before the end of the month. ③I boarded the plane bound for England. ④你是如此优秀的运动员，有你在队里，我们一定会赢得这场比赛。 You are such an excellent player that with you on the team, we are bound to win the game． demand n．需要，需求 vt.需要；强烈要求→demanding adj.高要求的；费力的 (1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求 (2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事 demand sth.of sb. 向某人要某物 demand that...(should) do sth. 要求……做某事 【练透】　单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子 ①As new members are in demand in our basketball club, I'm writing to invite you to join it. ②My father came down and demanded to know (know) what was going on. ③The teacher demanded that he should be given my parents' telephone number. →The teacher demanded to be given my parents' telephone number． ④父亲要求双胞胎在他帮忙做早餐时把厨房打扫干净。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) Father demanded the twins (should) clean up the kitchen when he helped make breakfast. 【点拨】　“要求某人做某事”不能用demand sb.to do sth.表达，但可以用demand of sb.to do sth.。 句型公式：when it comes to...当谈到，涉及…… 教材原文： I think it's also fair to say that we can get our hopes up when it comes to finding cures for serious diseases, such as cancer. 我认为，公平地说，在寻找治疗癌症等严重疾病的方法方面，我们也可以满怀希望。 when it comes to...表示“当谈到/涉及……”，其中it无具体意义，只起担任主语的作用；to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①When it comes to developing (develop)healthy habits，parents influence their children more than anyone else. ②谈到中国的大学，就我个人而言，我会推荐北京大学。 When it comes to universities in China, as far as I'm concerned, I'll recommend Peking University. ③其次，当谈到接待外国学生时，我的经验很丰富。 Besides, when it comes to receiving foreign students, I have gained rich experience. (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) 　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.选用方框内合适的词汇并用其正确形式完成下面短文(每项限用一次)。(每题2分，共10分) assess, demand, client, look forward to, on the horizon The annual World Robot Conference in Beijing attracted researchers and tech enthusiasts who are 1.looking forward to discovering groundbreaking innovations. The company EX Robots featured robots with lifelike facial expressions, and articulated (有关节的) arms and hands.According to CEO Li Boyang, these robots are perfect for roles that involve interacting with people.Li Boyang cited their ability to 2.assess people's needs and provide appropriate responses as a key feature. Doggie droids (小狗机器人), a popular attraction at tech fairs, were also present.These robots greeted fairgoers, shook hands with them, and even performed handstands.The fair also displayed robotic arms that served Chinese tea, prepared ice cream, played ping­pong, provided back massages, etc.These robotic services satisfied various 3.demands from visitors.Besides, harvesting robots demonstrated their ability to pick apples from the branches, while an artist robot created portraits of visitors. Visitors were left in amazement as they witnessed the abilities of these robots in person, which gave them a glimpse into the future of technology and automation.With the rapid pace of innovation, new possibilities are always 4.on the horizon, and robotics will continue to evolve to meet the needs of 5.clients and society at large. Ⅱ.选用括号内合适的词汇完成下列句子。(每题2.5分，共20分) 1．Playing computer games too much is (is, are) bad for students' health. 2．There is (is, are) a plate, two cups and three spoons on the table. 3．AI, as well as cloud computing, plays (play, plays) a crucial role in modern technology. 4．How many tourists were injured in the snowslide is (are, is) still unknown. 5．Each AI model requires (require, requires) extensive training to achieve excellent performance. 6．When it comes to education, there is (are, is) more than one way to adapt to the changing needs of teachers and learners. 7．A large number of scientists and engineers find (find, finds) inspiration in science fiction literature for their research and innovations. 8．Not only students but also every teacher bears (bear, bears) the responsibility of creating a friendly learning atmosphere. Ⅲ.链接写作——完成句子(每题3分，共15分) 1．不仅是我，他也瞧不起那些总是依赖别人的人。 Not only I but also he looks down on/upon those who always depend on others. 2．到目前为止，在我们的共同努力下，这个项目已经完成了 70%。 So far, 70% of the project has been finished with our joint efforts. 3．一项调查显示，中国每年都会浪费大量的水。 One survey shows that a large amount of water is wasted every year in China. 4．沉迷于电子产品对我们的健康和生活有害。 Being addicted to electronics is harmful to our health and life. 5．他是一个不太关心个人收入和名声的老科学家。 He is an old scientist who cares little about personal income and fame． Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分，共10分) (2024·山西太原市高二下期中)Wherever we go, we are surrounded by history.Across the globe, cultural heritage is passed down through the generations.It is in the buildings and structures around us.It is in the arts and artifacts (手工艺品) we treasure.It lives in the languages we speak and the stories we tell.But today, it is under attack as never before.Not only is the damage of time threatening our cultural heritage, but conflicts, climate change，globalization and tourism are all exacting a heavy price.Technology is now the most essential weapon in the battle.Here's how technology is preserving our cultural heritage. As you can imagine, creating the replicas (复制品) via crowdsourced 2D images is extremely time­consuming.Increasingly, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms (算法) are being used to do all the required crowdsourcing, allowing millions of images to be stored in a matter of hours.AI will also make restoration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and vastly superior to previous methods. Virtual reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the coming years.Many of the most important sites and architecture are extremely fragile.Human interaction with these locations is doing a great deal of harm.Waste accumulates everywhere, causing enormous problems.As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded, VR technology will increasingly become the way that people experience them.We'll all eventually be able to walk through places, look at (and touch) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes. Finally, our cultural heritage will be preserved via technology.Efforts in research, innovation, data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。历史与文化遗产无处不在，但是时间的消磨、冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都在威胁着我们的文化遗产；使用人工智能等科技保护这些文化遗产是一个很好的方法。 1．What does the underlined word “exacting” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Paying. B．Cutting. C．Receiving. D．Demanding. 解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据该词所在句中的“Not only is...a heavy price.”可知，不仅时间的消磨正威胁着我们的文化遗产，而且冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都要我们付出沉重的代价。据此可知，画线词表示“要求”。 2．What is the advantage of AI in preserving cultural heritage? A．It generates 2D images. B．It makes restoration easier. C．It makes preservation safer. D．It creates replicas in seconds. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段尾句可知，人工智能还将使现存文化遗产的修复和保护更容易且比以前的方法优越得多。 3．How does VR help to preserve cultural heritage? A．By recycling huge amounts of waste. B．By reducing human impact on the site. C．By forbidding visitors from touching artifacts. D．By educating people about the sites' importance. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“As more cultural heritage...with our own eyes.”可知，VR技术将文化遗址和文物数字化，人们不用亲自去现场便能体验到这些文化遗址和文物，由此可推知，VR通过减少人类对遗址的影响来帮助保护文化遗产。 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．How Technology Changes the Arts B．What Cultural Heritage Means to Us C．Preserve the Ancient with the Advanced D．Prepare for a Revolution in Technology 解析：选C。标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段最后两句“Technology is now...our cultural heritage.”是全文的主旨句，又结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了使用人工智能和VR技术保护文化遗产和文物的情况。故C项最适合作本文标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每题2分，共30分) (2024·江苏省盐城市高二下期中)While enjoying my fresh lunch in a restaurant in Amsterdam, I noticed something odd.Customers coming in for something to eat ignored the person standing behind the counter, preferring to 1 through a smart phone. What was the crazy thing about this? They were just several 2 apart! In fact, they were so close that the staff member took a quick 3 at his screen to get a head start on picking the right vegetables—all without any words 4 ．Now, I get it: Modern technology allows us to be more 5 ，but I might be witnessing something deeper: we prefer not to talk to each other anymore. Think about it for a moment.When was the last time you naturally 6 a conversation with somebody you didn't know? The chances are that you don't even 7 ！ Likely either you or the other person was “busy” with other things like 8 with a smartphone. Now, with the 9 of digital technologies, one can't help but pay the 10 for modern efficiency: our ability to talk to strangers. We shop, 11 a hotel, or order a taxi, all via an app. 12 with random strangers is becoming rarer and rarer.Yet there are surprising 13 of having even a short and simple conversation with strangers.You might learn something 14 ，and beyond doubt, it has the power to enrich your understanding of others and 15 a special bond in our modern world. [语篇解读]本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了随着数字技术的兴起，人们通过手机来完成生活中的各种事情，从而弱化了和陌生人说话的能力。 1． A．talk B．call C．order D．deliver 解析：选C。根据下文“through a smart phone”可知，在餐馆中顾客是通过智能手机点餐(order)。 2． A．meters B．millimeters C．kilometers D．centimeters 解析：选D。根据下文“they were so close that the staff member took a quick 3 at his screen to get a head start on picking the right vegetables”可知，工作人员能看到顾客的手机屏幕，故他们相距只有几厘米(centimeter)远。 3． A．chance B．turn C．look D．test 解析：选C。句意：事实上，他们离得太近了，以至于工作人员快速看一眼屏幕，就可以抢先一步挑选合适的蔬菜——所有这些都没有涉及说话。A.chance机会；B.turn转动；C.look看；D.test测验。根据上文“they were so close”及下文“at his screen”可知，工作人员可以看到顾客的手机屏幕。故选C项。 4． A．spoken B．written　 C．typed D．mentioned 解析：选A。根据下文“we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.”可知，这一切是在一句话也没有说的情况下进行的。 5． A．efficient B．enthusiastic C．effective D．energetic 解析：选A。根据下文“one can't help but pay the 10 for modern efficiency”可知，现代技术使我们更加高效(efficient)。 6． A．ended up B．engaged in C．made up D．went on 解析：选B。根据上文“we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.”可知，这里是说上一次和陌生人进行(engage in)交谈的时候。end up最终； make up组成；go on继续。 7． A．hear B．believe C．remember D．understand 解析：选C。根据上文“When was the last time”可知，这里是指你不记得(remember)上次和陌生人说话是什么时候了。 8． A．recording B．studying C．playing D．calculating 解析：选C。根据上文“busy”和下文的“with a smartphone”可知，人们在忙着玩(play)手机。 9． A．idea B．aim C．problem D．rise 解析：选D。根据下文“modern efficiency”可知，正是随着数字技术的兴起(rise)，人们要为现代的高效率付出代价。 10．A．cash B．price C．debt D．tax 解析：选B。现在，随着数字技术的兴起，人们不禁要为现代的高效率付出代价：我们与陌生人交谈的能力。 pay the price for“为……付出代价”为固定短语。 11．A．decorate B．book C．build D．repair 解析：选B。根据下文“all via an app”可知，我们通过应用程序预订(book)酒店。 12．A．Contact B．Work C．Quarrel D．Reunion 解析：选A。根据上文“We shop, 11 a hotel, or order a taxi, all via an app.”可知，人们通过手机完成生活中的各种事情，故和陌生人的接触(contact)少了。 13．A．interests　 B．benefits C．disadvantages D．influences 解析：选B。根据下文“You might learn something 14 ， and beyond doubt, it has the power to enrich your understanding of others and 15 a special bond in our modern world.”可知，和陌生人交谈有很多好处(benefit)。 14．A．unrealistic B．unsuitable C．unreasonable D．unexpected 解析：选D。根据下文“beyond doubt, it has the power to enrich your understanding of others...”可知，和陌生人交谈可能让你学到意想不到的(unexpected)东西。 15．A．serves as B．refers to C．accounts for D．consists of 解析：选A。根据下文“a special bond in our modern world”可知，和陌生人交谈可以担当(serve as)现代生活中的纽带。refer to指的是； account for导致；consist of由……组成。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) (2024·青岛二中高二下期中)Sunzi Bing Fa, or The Art of War, is one of the most 1. (influence) military books in the whole history of humankind and 2. (read) for more than 2，000 years. Sun Tzu, a legendary military Chinese strategist during the Spring and Autumn Period, is regarded as the ultimate master of war. Sun Tzu moved to the State of Wu in 532 BC, and later completed the great military work 3. (compose) of 13 articles altogether, 4. he fully demonstrated his insight into warfare. He suggested 5. (analyze) the conditions between one side and the rival before drawing the war plan.He emphasized the victorious general must be familiar with his enemies just as 6. himself.He also explained two types of decisive factors: the objective and stable one, like the 7. (effective) of the army; and the subjective and changeable one, like the spirit of the soldiers.He believed that competition of economy between states is 8. nature of war. Meanwhile, the supreme art and goal of war is 9. (defeat) the enemy with strategies instead of only force.His spirit and wisdom 10. (unique) remind us that peace is the common objective we should pursue. [语篇解读]本文是说明文，主要讲的是孙武在《孙子兵法》里讲的一些理念。 1．解析：influential。考查形容词。句意：《孙子兵法》是人类历史上最具影响力的军事书籍之一，流传了2 000多年。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语military books，influence的形容词是influential，意为“有影响力的”，故填influential。 2．解析：has been read。考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由for more than 2，000 years可知，空格处时态是现在完成时，《孙子兵法》这本书是被读，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，主语Sunzi Bing Fa, or The Art of War是单数，因此空格处是has been read，故填has been read。 3．解析：composed。考查非谓语动词。句意：孙武于公元前532年移居吴国，后来完成了由13篇文章组成的伟大军事著作，在那部著作里他充分展示了他对战争的洞察力。句中谓语是moved...and later completed，空格处用非谓语动词，work和compose之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填composed。 4．解析：where。考查定语从句。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺成分，先行词work是抽象地点名词，因此空格处用关系副词where，故填where。 5．解析：analyzing。考查动名词。句意：他建议在制定战争计划之前先分析一下双方之间的情况。suggest doing sth.是固定短语，意为“建议做某事”，因此空格处用动名词analyzing作宾语，故填analyzing。 6．解析：with。考查介词。根据语境可知，句子表示“他强调得胜的将军必须像熟悉自己一样熟悉敌人”，空格处是“be familiar with”，为了避免重复，省去be familiar，保留介词with，故填with。 7．解析：effectiveness。考查名词。句意：他还解释了两种决定性因素：一种是客观的、稳定的因素，如军队的战斗力。由the和of可知，空格处是名词，effective的名词是effectiveness，意为“战斗力”，是不可数名词。故填effectiveness。 8．解析：the。考查定冠词。句意：他认为国家之间的经济竞争是战争的本质。空格处用定冠词the特指战争的本质。故填the。 9．解析：to defeat/defeating。考查不定式。句意：与此同时，战争的最高艺术和目的是用战略打败敌人，而不仅仅是武力。由空前的the supreme art and goal可知，空格处用不定式或动名词作表语，故填to defeat/defeating。 10．解析：uniquely。考查副词。句意：他独一无二的精神和智慧提醒我们，和平是我们应该追求的共同目标。空格处用副词uniquely修饰动词remind，uniquely意为“独特地”。故填uniquely。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$