Unit4 Section Ⅰ Starting out-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 速读明大意 Ⅰ.Skim the text and fill in the blanks. Ⅱ.What's the main idea of the text? The main idea of the text is the advantages and disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence． 精读知细节 Choose the best answer according to the text. 1．How does Millenniumbutterfly support his view in Paragraph 1? A．By giving examples. B．By stating arguments. C．By describing a process. D．By explaining statistical data. 2．What is one of the potential benefits of self­driving cars according to Millenniumbutterfly? A．They will prevent traffic accidents. B．They will create more job opportunities. C．They can make human­like judgements and decisions. D．They won't require any machine­learning adjustments. 3．How does Popkid react to Millenniumbutterfly's opinion? A．He analyses it and shares excitement about AI. B．He ignores it and discusses personal preferences. C．He doubts it and complains about the judgements of AI. D．He disagrees with it and expresses his concerns about AI. 4．Why does Popkid mention “taxi drivers” and “journalists” in Paragraph 4? A．To highlight what AI has achieved. B．To prove the public acceptance of AI. C．To reveal the threat of AI to traditional jobs. D．To compare how AI is involved in the two jobs. 5．Which of the following statements reflects Pink haze's opinion? A．AI will inevitably lead to humanity's downfall. B．AI may be completely avoided due to its potential risks. C．AI can safely operate without any form of oversight or regulation. D．AI should be regulated while we acknowledge its potential benefits. 答案：1～5　ACDCD 读后悟考点 Ⅰ.扫词汇障碍 熟词 生义 particular (Para.1) (常见义) adj.特殊的→(文章义) adj.特定的；个别的 still (Para.2) (常见义)adv.仍然→(文章义) adv.不过 exercise (Para.3) (常见义)n.& v．练习；锻炼→(文章义) v．进行，实施 see (Para.3) (常见义)vt.看见→(文章义) vt.看待 though (Para.7) (常见义)conj.尽管，虽然→(文章义) adv.然而 Ⅱ.破译长难句 [教材1]　Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant. [分析]　本句为主从复合句。句中she gives me为省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词recommendation，since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant为since引导的原因状语从句，其中if引导宾语从句。 [翻译]　因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一个餐厅，所以她给我推荐的每一个都很棒。 [教材2]　The technology you're using and enjoying today is a basic form of AI which can't think independently without programming． [分析]　本句为主从复合句。句中you're...today为定语从句，修饰先行词technology，which引导另外一个定语从句，修饰先行词AI。 [翻译]　你现在正在使用和享受的技术是人工智能的基本形式，没有程序它就无法独立思考。 [教材3]　I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data，which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts. [分析]　本句为主从复合句。句中I believe后是省略that的宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，其中means后也是省略that的宾语从句，其中还有一个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词problems。 [翻译]　我认为，人工智能的大多数价值在于它分析和解析大量数据的能力，这意味着它甚至可以解决人类专家难以解决的问题。 [教材4]　One thing I think we all agree on，though，is that saying“My AI did it！”won't be any excuse for illegal or immoral behaviour！ [分析]　本句为主从复合句。句中I think we all agree on为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词thing，that引导表语从句，其中saying“My AI did it！”为表语从句中的主语。 [翻译]　不过，有一件事我想大家都认可，那就是说“这是我的AI做的！”不会成为任何违法或不道德行为的借口。 Ⅲ.学表达技巧 行 文 结 构 [教材1]　Is it our greatest human achievement so far? Or is it the biggest threat to our existence? [分析]　作者使用了结构对称、对比鲜明的两个疑问句，引入后文的讨论，这样自然将读者的兴趣聚焦在人工智能是“成就”还是“威胁”上。 [仿写]　假如写一篇关于家长陪读现象的议论文，你也可以使用这种写法： It has become common for parents to accompany their children in study. But is it the greatest motivation for the children (这是孩子们最大的动力吗)？Or is it the biggest burden for them？ 修 辞 手 法 [教材2]　Thanks to AI, I've got my own...She always has an immediate answer for any question I put to her...preferences. [分析]　She以及 her 指“超级智能私人助手”，句子使用了拟人的修辞手法。拟人修辞描写事物深刻，抒发情感充分，易激发共鸣，使描写生动形象，令人浮想联翩。 [仿写]　尝试用拟人修辞补全句子 得知这对恋人的悲伤故事，月亮感动得忘记了运行。 Hearing the sad stories of the two sweethearts,the moon was so touched that she forgot to move． 过 渡 衔 接 [教材3]　But while super­intelligent AI could be the biggest leap forward in human history, if it goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands, it could also be the most dangerous. [分析]　句中先是运用衔接词but与上文形成转折关系，然后又使用了衔接词while引导让步状语，用if引导条件状语从句补充条件，陈述了超智能AI的问题。 [仿写]　尝试用适当的过渡词补全语段 We all know that we have to stay at home if it rains tomorrow, as it is impossible to have a picnic in the rain, so we will have to give up the plan. 议论文的特点 “Artificial Intelligence: A REAL THREAT？”一文分别介绍了三个人对人工智能所持的三种不同的态度，每一部分都属于一篇典型的议论文。议论文是一种以摆事实、讲道理、发表议论为主的文体，它以阐明观点、表达主张、发表支持或反对的意见为主要目的，一般由论点、论据、论证三个基本要素组成。以Millenniumbutterfly为例： 论点：在论述的结尾以高度概括的方式提出论点，在帖子的最后鲜明地表达了自己对人工智能的态度：人工智能将使日常生活更加便利。 论据：通过描述典型事例(手机中内置的私人助手软件使生活更便利、自动驾驶比人类驾驶更安全)，让读者了解自己对人工智能的肯定并不是凭空捏造的，而是有理有据的，以此来达到说服读者的目的。 论证：采用了立论的论证方法，通过描述手机中的私人助理软件给自己的生活带来的便利，以及自动驾驶汽车的优点来支撑自己的论点。 高频词汇练全 hang out 闲逛；常去某处 hang out with sb. 常和某人在一起 hang on 抓紧不放；坚持 hang on to sth. 抓紧某物 hang up 挂断电话 【练透】　用hang短语填空/完成句子 ①You need to stop hanging out with your friends and get your book report done. ②Mary's flight was late so she had to hang out at the airport all morning. ③I can't hear you.I'm going to hang up now, so call me back if you can hear this. ④通常对那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。 It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope． potentially adv.潜在地→potential adj.潜在的，有可能的 n．潜力，可能性 have the potential to do sth. 有做某事的潜力或可能性 develop/realize one's potential 发挥某人的潜力 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Clearly, this is a potentially (potential) dangerous situation. ②The new biological science does have the potential to do (do) great harm, as well as good. ③应当鼓励所有的儿童充分发挥他们的潜能。(教育建议) All children should be encouraged to realize their full potential． capacity n．能力，才能；职位；容量→capable adj.有能力的；能干的 a capacity to do/for (doing) sth. 做某事的能力 have the capacity to do sth. 有做……的能力 beyond one's capacity 超出某人的能力范围 be capable of doing sth. 能够做某事 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Children have a born capacity to understand (understand) the language. ②This maths problem is so hard that it is beyond the capacity of most school children. ③我能说一口流利的英语，与外国游客交流没有困难。(自荐信) Capable of speaking/With a capacity to speak/for speaking fluent English, I have no difficulty communicating with foreign visitors. 中频词汇练会 Ⅰ.一词多义——根据语境选出leap的含义 A．n.跳跃　B．n.骤变　C．vi.跳；跳跃　D．vi.猛冲；突然做(某事) ①He leapt across the room to answer the door. D ②A dolphin leapt out of the water. C ③There was a leap in profits due to the introduction of the new machine. B ④She took a flying leap and landed on the other side of the stream. A Ⅱ.熟词生义——猜测句中加黑词汇的词性及含义 ①A job interview is a very artificial situation.adj.非自然的 ②Now we have a reservoir regulating the river flow.vt.调节 重点句式练透 句型公式：do表示对谓语动词进行强调 教材原文：Still, I do think that developments in AI will on the whole make doing day­to­day things a lot easier.不过，我确实认为人工智能的发展总体上将使日常生活变得容易得多。 (1)“do/does/did＋动词原形”结构用于强调谓语动词，即在动词原形前加助动词do, does或did，表示“的确，确实，真的”。 (2)这种强调结构只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种，且没有疑问形式和否定形式。 (3) 在祈使句中运用“do＋动词原形”形式，往往表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The person you are looking for does live here but he went out just now. ②I do (do) hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I do. ③他们确实在我们的研究工作中给予我们很大帮助。 They did give us much help in our research work. 句型公式：have no choice but to do...别无选择只好做…… 教材原文：We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it. 我们别无选择，只能接受它并加以规范。 (1)“别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式还有： have no alternative but to do sth. can do nothing but do sth. can't choose but do sth. (2)在这些结构中若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式 (does, did, done), but之后要用省略to的动词不定式。 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In order to reduce pollution, we human beings have no alternative but to choose (choose) some clean resources. ②Your problems won't be resolved if you do nothing but abuse (abuse) alcohol. ③我的英语学习遇到了一些困难，因此我只得寻求你的帮助。(求助信) I meet with some difficulties with my English learning, so I have no choice but to seek your help． ④他们哄堂大笑，而我只能勉强挤出一个苦涩的笑。 They laughed loudly, except me, who could do nothing but force a bitter smile． (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每题1.5分，共12分) 1．Her mother strictly regulates (控制) how long she can watch TV. 2．The victim (受害者) received head injuries from which she died a week later. 3．The city is dotted with small lakes, natural and artificial (人工的). 4．Some mad scientists failed because they didn't fill their creations with humanity (人性). 5．Our capacity (能力) for giving care，love and attention is limited. 6．The result of the invention has been a giant leap (剧变) in productivity. 7．I have a friend who has the opposing view and feels that the war is immoral (不道德的). 8．Kalan called his assistant (助理)，Hashim，to take over while he went out. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题1.5分，共18分) 1．We hope all the violence and poverty will be wiped out and that we can live a harmonious life. 2．Either you or your assistant is (be) to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow. 3．Is 8 o'clock next Sunday morning convenient for you? If not, please tell me what time suits you best. 4．We all admire him for his capacity to deal (deal) with complex situations. 5．At least Marion has a greater potential to reduce (reduce) the risk of being defeated. 6．All real education is，in the final analysis (analyse)，self­education. 7．Thanks to advanced technology, we live in a more advanced era of communication. 8．We can just hang out and have a good time. 9．With the assistance (assist) of my brother, I made a model plane successfully. 10．It is illegal (legal) to sell cigarettes or wine to children in some countries. 11．Lack of sleep could put people's health at risk. 12．She had no choice but to stand (stand) up for her rights. Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——人工智能)(每题3分，共18分) 1．不可否认，人工智能将在人们的生活中发挥重要作用。 There is no denying that artificial intelligence will play a significant role in people's life．(play a role in) 2．人工智能机器人将成为人类的伟大助手和朋友。 Robots with artificial intelligence will become great assistants and friends of humanity． (assistant; humanity) 3．人们将有可能从人工智能中受益，而不是成为人工智能的受害者。 Instead of becoming victims of artificial intelligence, people will potentially benefit from it.(victim) 4．在人工智能的帮助下，人类将拥有快速分析信息的能力。 With the assistance of artificial intelligence, humans will have the capacity to analyse information quickly．(capacity) 5．我们别无选择，只能适当地规范人工智能的使用。 We have no choice but to properly regulate the use of artificial intelligence.(have no choice but to do...) 6．我确实认为我们会享受人工智能带来的剧变。 I do think we'll enjoy the leap brought about by artificial intelligence.(强调谓语动词) Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每题1分，共10分) On Technology of Tomorrow Forum, three people share their thoughts on AI. Millenniumbutterfly believes that AI will make daily life much 1.easier (easy). Millenniumbutterfly's phone has a super­smart personal assistant 2.built (build) into it.It can answer questions 3.immediately (immediate) and accordingly learn about his preferences.In addition, Millenniumbutterfly hopes safe self­driving cars will become 4.accessible (access) soon, because self­driving cars, except for 5.a few machine­learning problems, can drive more safely than humans. However, Popkid holds the opinion that none of us is prepared for AI's challenges and it could be the biggest threat to our 6.existence (exist) if one day AI becomes an independent form.Then not only taxi drivers could 7.be replaced (replace) by self­driving cars, but journalists also may face a risk because the technology can write basic news reports already.8.In the long run, every job could potentially disappear. In Pink haze's view, AI, as the greatest human achievement so far, has the ability 9.to analyse (analyse) and interpret vast amounts of data，10.which is too challenging for human experts. However, if AI goes wrong or is misused, it could be very dangerous. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题4分，共32分) A Claude Sammut，a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of New South Wales in Australia，said it would soon be possible for robots to defeat the stars of the future. For many years，Mr Sammut has been a member of a project called RoboCup，where robots have been programmed to learn how to play football and compete against others in a football match. As he explains，robots are having difficulty in learning how to control the ball and move the ball on their own，but he is still full of confidence that one day in the future they will show the same skills as Wayae Rooney，who is one of the best football players in the world. Mr Sammut also said，“In 1968，John McCarthy and Donald Michie made a bet with David Levy，who was then the chess champion in Scotland，that within 10 years a computer programme would be able to beat him.It took a little bit longer than 10 years(nearly 30 years)but eventually such programmes came into being.” “In the same spirit of a grand challenge，RoboCup aims to develop a team of robots that can defeat the world soccer champion team by the year 2050.To achieve this，or come even closer to the ambition，robots will have to be able to sense and act in completely unstructured environments.This will require major advances in perception (感知)，decision­making，learning，and cooperative behaviours.Considering robots are integrated hardware and software systems，great advances will also be needed in sensors (传感器)，energy storage，and materials.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。你相信机器人的球技有一天会超过人类吗？科学家力求到2050年开发一个能够打败世界足球冠军队的机器人团队。 1．The RoboCup is aimed to develop robots that know how to ． A．play computer football games B．play football and win in real matches C．understand the rules of the football game D．improve the skills of real football players 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...where robots have been programmed to learn how to play football and compete against others in a football match”可知RoboCup旨在设计出学会踢足球并在足球赛中能够与对手比赛的机器人，故选B项。 2．What kind of difficulty are the robots facing in playing football? A．They can't run as fast as real people. B．They can't recognize their partners accurately. C．They can't control the ball well by themselves. D．They can't pass the ball to their partners. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As he explains，robots are having difficulty in learning how to control the ball and move the ball on their own...”可知，机器人在如何控制球和独自运球方面存在困难，故应选C。 3．The idea of designing a computer programme that could defeat a chess champion came forth ． A．in 1968 B．in 1978 C．in the 1990s D．30 years ago 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In 1968，John McCarthy and Donald Michie made a bet with David Levy，who was then the chess champion in Scotland...”可知，该想法源自1968年John McCarthy和Donald Michie 与David Levy打的赌。应选A。 4．We can conclude from Mr Sammut's words that ． A．many parts of robots still need improving B．robots would be smarter than human beings in the near future C．robots have more ambitions than human beings D．robots would take control of the world 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段Sammut先生的话可以推断出，机器人的很多部件还需要改进。 B (2024·佳木斯三校高二下期中联考)Laughter comes in many forms, from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh.Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts.The team behind the laughing robot Erica said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot.“We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy (共情)，” said Dr Koji Inoue, the lead author of the research.“So we decided that one way a robot can empathize with its users is to share their laughter.” The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter.They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely.The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn't involved) and laughter of joy.Based on the audio files, the algorithm (算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs, which tend to be softer, and merry laughs, with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations. “Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know, most laughter is actually not shared at all，” said Inoue.“We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn't just assume that any laugh can be responded to.It was really not easy work.” The team said laughter could help create robots with their own distinct character although it could take more than 20 years before it would be possible to have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend. “One of the things we'd keep in mind is that a laughing robot or algorithm will never be able to understand you or the meaning of laughter，” points out Prof.Sandra Wachter of the Oxford Internet Institute.“But with their development, they might get very good at tricking you into believing they understand what's going on.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍科学家正在研究的一款可以发出笑声的机器人。 5．Why did Inoue's team develop the AI system? A．To better understand human empathy. B．To promote the social skills of robots. C．To explore the differences between laughs. D．To assist robots in identifying people's moods. 解析：选B。推理判断题。由文章第一段“Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts.The team behind the laughing robot Erica said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot.”可知，科学家们现在正在开发一种人工智能系统，在适当的社交环境中重现不同的笑声。团队开发人工智能系统是为了提高机器人的社交技能。故选B项。 6．What can robot Erica probably do at present? A．Repeat the details of the 80 dialogues. B．Distinguish people by hearing their laughs. C．Recreate a scene played by the four actresses. D．Master the features of laughs provided by data. 解析：选D。推理判断题。由文章第二段“The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter...”可知，团队已经开始教授机器人笑的艺术，数据包括了笑的特征，因此推断机器人Erica可能掌握了目前数据提供的笑的特征。故选D项。 7．What does the underlined word “obstructor” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Potential. B．Barrier. C．Alternative. D．Division. 解析：选B。代词指代题。由文章第三段画线词后文可知，识别共享笑声的实际案例不是一件容易的事情，这是研究人员工作中最大的“障碍”，所以推测obstructor 表示“障碍”。故选B项。 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Are AI Systems Going Beyond Human Ability? B．Can Conversational AI Really Understand Us? C．Laughing Robots Are Round the Corner. D．Robots Become Laughing Masters. 解析：选C。标题归纳题。由文章第一段“Laughter comes in many forms, from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh.Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts.”以及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍科学家正在研究一款可以发出笑声的机器人。所以C项Laughing robots are round the corner.(会笑的机器人即将问世)为最佳标题。故选C项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每题2分，共10分) (2024·深圳市七校高二下期中联考)What does it mean to take responsibility? What does being a responsible person mean? Responsibility is a virtue that everyone should have.But it seems that nowadays most people are willing to take convenience over responsibility.1. After all, your world is a reflection of you and you alone. Being responsible means being aware.The first step of responsibility starts with being aware of your actions.Consciously or unconsciously, your actions are affecting those around you. 2． Be responsible and be mindful of every word you say and every act you commit. 3． Seize the present moment, and do all you can today to become a more responsible person.Your responsible acts today will lead to a responsible future. Being responsible involves humility (谦逊).Responsibility means accepting the consequences of your actions, even if it is the expense of your ego (自我). We all make mistakes.4. By accepting responsibility, we can improve our integrity.Nothing says more of our integrity than the way we handle responsibility. Accept responsibility, learn from your mistakes, and move on with your life.5. Don't ever feel it is too late to accept responsibility for wrong actions in the past.Do what is right, and give your soul the peace it deserves. A．So what can you do to be more responsible? B．The matter is outside our area of responsibility. C．Do it with a sense of pride and a spirit of adventure. D．Don't ignore what you do to others or how you hurt them. E．Taking responsibility means attending to the needs of the present. F．It is a natural part of life, especially when we act without paying much attention. G．That is the healthiest and most beneficial way to accept our mistakes and failures. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了责任的意义和重要性以及如何变得更负责任。 1．解析：选A。根据上下文可知，上文说明了责任的意义，且提到了大多数人更愿意追求便利而不是责任，可知本句通过设问来引出后文变得更负责的方法。故A选项“那么你能做些什么来变得更负责任呢？”符合语境，故选A。 2．解析：选D。根据上文可知，本句承接上文，说明你的行为是如何影响周围的人，以及你该怎么办。故D选项“不要忽视你对别人做了什么，或者你是如何伤害他们的”符合语境，故选D。 3．解析：选E。根据下文可知，本段的主旨是抓住当下，尽你今天所能成为一个更负责任的人，即关注当前的需要。故E选项“承担责任意味着关注当前的需要”符合语境，故选E。 4．解析：选F。根据上下文可知，上文提到人都会犯错，可知本句承接上文，对这一现象进行评价，下文给出方法。故F选项“这是生活中很自然的一部分，尤其是当我们不太注意的时候”符合语境，故选F。 5．解析：选G。根据上文可知，上文提到了从错误中吸取教训，从而承担责任，故本句说明这么做的好处。故G选项“这是接受我们的错误和失败的最健康、最有益的方式”符合语境，故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$