Unit1 Section Ⅱ Using language-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language ①It is a well­known fact that the faces some people show to the world might be completely different to their real personalities. For instance, most comedians have permanent smiles on their faces and always sound cheerful because that's the nature of their work.From this, it's impossible to know what their true feelings are.Although they might be laughing on the outside, they might be crying on the inside.②How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about, because it's not always obvious who is truly happy.③What is certain is that comedians often use comedy to help them understand themselves and the world.In fact, comedy is a very serious job indeed！ 1．黑体部分均为主语从句，在整个句子中充当主语。 2．句①中的It为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句，其中that在该从句中不作句子成分，也无词义。 3．句②中How others are feeling为连接副词how引导的主语从句，而because后的it为形式主语。真正的主语为who is truly happy． 4．句③中的What is certain为what引导的主语从句，其中what在该从句中作主语。 主语从句　　　　　　　 一、主语从句的概述 在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫作主语从句。主语从句可直接放在句首，也可用形式主语it代替，而将主语从句后置。 二、主语从句的引导词 项目 从属连词 成分 连接词 that, whether 不充当成分 连接代词 who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever 主语、宾语、表语、定语 连接副词 when, where, why, how 状语 1.连接词：that, whether (1)that引导主语从句时只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义。但是that不能省略。that引导主语从句时，多用it作形式主语。 That he is kind to that skinny child is clear to us. →It is clear to us that he is kind to that skinny child. 我们都知道他很善待那个瘦骨嶙峋的孩子。 (2)whether引导的主语从句 whether 在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。if意为“是否”时也可引导主语从句，但需要注意的是：if不可引导位于句首的主语从句，但可以用于it作形式主语的从句中，此时 if＝whether，但此时if不能与or not 直接连用。 ①Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. 此事对我们有害还是有利还有待观察。 ②It depends on how hard he works whether/if one can succeed. 一个人能否成功取决于他工作努力的程度。 2．连接代词：连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语，起连接作用，有实际意义，不可以省略。 ①Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.(whatever在从句中作主语) 凡是值得做的事都值得好好地做。 ②Whoever you invite will be welcome.(whoever在从句中作宾语) 你邀请的所有人都会受到欢迎。 ③What I want to be is to be a teacher.(what在从句中作表语) 我想当的是老师。 ④Which design is the best must be tried in practice.(which在从句中作design的定语) 哪一个设计最好必须在实践中验证。 3．连接副词：when, where, how, why连接副词在从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点、方式和原因，起连接作用并且有实际意义。 ①Where the ancient civilization flourished is now a deserted ruin. 古老的文明曾在这里繁荣发展，现在这里变成了一片废墟。 ②How he earned his living before is not clear to me. 我不清楚他以前是如何谋生的。 ③Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他做此事的原因将永远是个谜。 ————即学即练1———— Ⅰ.用适当的连词填空 ①Whether he will come to my party makes no difference to me. ②That you will have an answer is certain. ③Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps. ④Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. ⑤What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. ⑥Why the boy quits school is what his teacher wants to know. Ⅱ.完成句子 ①我们需要更多的设备是显而易见的。 That we need more equipment is obvious. ②其他行星上是否有生命尚不清楚。 Whether life exists on other planets is not clear. ③更重要的是我们要让别人知道我们在乎他们。 What is more important is that we let others know we care about them. ④英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 三、it作形式主语的主语从句 1．It＋be＋形容词(certain，obvious, natural, surprising, possible, likely, important, necessary等)＋that从句 ①It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 可以肯定她会考得很好。 ②It is obvious that you have made a big mistake. 很明显你犯了一个大错。 【点拨】　在句型It＋be＋形容词＋that从句中，如果形容词为necessary, important以及表示愿望、建议、命令、怀疑、要求等意义的词时，主语从句要用虚拟语气。 ①It is necessary that a college student (should) master one or two foreign languages. 大学生掌握一两门外语是非常有必要的。 ②It is important that he (should) attend such an important occasion every day. 他每天都要出席这样一个重要的场合，这很重要。 2．It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等)＋that从句。 ①It is no surprise that our team have won the game. 我们队已经赢得了那场比赛，这并不令人惊奇。 ②It is a pity that you didn't attend the lecture yesterday. 很遗憾你昨天没去听讲座。 3．It＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, suggested等)＋that从句。 ①It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident. 据报道，事故中没有乘客受伤。 ②It is generally considered that Harvard University is one of the most prestigious universities in the world. 人们普遍认为哈佛大学是世界上最负盛名的大学之一。 【点拨】　如果过去分词为表示建议、命令、要求等的词(suggested，advised，ordered，requested，insisted，demanded等)，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词的形式为“(should)＋动词原形”。 It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English. 建议你花更多的时间学习英语。 4．It＋动词/动词短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, prove, occur to sb.等)＋that从句 ①It happened that I was away when he called. 他来电话时我碰巧不在。 ②It occurred to me that we should get in touch with the manager. 我突然想起我们应该和经理联系。 ————即学即练2———— Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ①It is not a problem whether we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. ②It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. Ⅱ.完成句子 ①地球绕着太阳转是常识。 It is common knowledge that the earth revolves around the sun. ②村里的每个人都很友好。你在那里住的时间短还是长都没有关系。 Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn't matter whether you have lived there for a short or a long time. 四、使用主语从句的注意事项 1．主语从句用陈述句语序。 ①Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. 你们谁先到达这里，谁就将获得奖品。 ②How he succeeded is still a puzzle. 他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。 2．主谓一致问题 (1)从句作主语时，后面的谓语动词一般用单数形式；但what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词应与作表语的名词在数上保持一致。 ①Whoever neglects learning in his youth loses the past and is dead for the future. 少时荒废学业者丧失了过去，葬送了未来。 ②What the kid wanted was only a new school bag.(school bag是可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数) 那个孩子想要的只是一个新书包。 ③What they need are a car and some water.(a car and some water表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数) 他们需要的是一辆车和一些水。 (2)由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由两个或多个从属连词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ①When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. 他们何时开始和去哪里还没有决定。 ②When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided. 会议举行的时间和地点尚未决定。 assumption n．假定，假设→assume v．假定，假设；认为；装出；承担 (1)make an assumption 做出假设 on the assumption that... 假设…… (2)assume sb.to be... 认为某人是…… It is assumed that... 人们想当然地认为…… assuming that... 假设…… 【练透】　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①His views are grounded on the assumption (assume) that all people can benefit from the project. ②Assuming (assume) that there isn't the hard work of the dustmen, what can you imagine our environment will be like? ③Let us assume what he said to be (be) true and have a discussion about what to do next. ④许多人认为他们所做的事情对环境的影响不大。 →Many people assume that what they do has little effect on the environment. →It is assumed that what people do has little effect on the environment.(用it作形式主语) loyal adj.忠贞的，忠实的，忠诚的→loyalty n．忠诚；忠心；忠贞 (1)be loyal to 忠于 be loyal in one's love 忠于爱情 (2)loyalty to 对……的忠诚 out of loyalty to 出于对……的忠诚 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The couple were loyal in their love though they were living a tough life. ②I'm doing this out of loyalty (loyal) to my country. ③无论遇到什么危险，他们都忠于祖国。 They are loyal to their motherland whatever danger they meet. (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) 　　　　 Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每题1分，共10分) 1．I set the table for eight people, on the assumption that Jo would come. 2．Tom's room is in a frightful (fright) mess. 3．Their findings (find) have been widely spread and thought to be valuable. 4．The children ran out of the room, laughing (laugh) happily. 5．Money kept in a saving (save) bank will accrue to you with interest. 6．Loyalty (loyal) and friendship also played an important role in keeping the organization intact. 7．They will be concerned to do the right thing—to dress properly, for instance. 8．He wore a hidden microphone to record their conversations in secret. 9．The writer referred to his childhood in his book published last year. 10．It is a surprise that the faraway village has been transformed into a famous tourist city. Ⅱ.用适当的连接词填空(每题1.5分，共15分) 1．You roll the dice and whoever gets the highest scores goes first. 2．What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. 3．But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one. 4．It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. 5．It seemed important to him whether he could maintain his dignity in such an embarrassed situation. 6．That she was invited to the ball made her very happy. 7．Which is the best of all those ways is uncertain. 8．It remains to be seen whether this plan is practical enough to keep the project going. 9．Who will take over the company has not been decided yet. 10．Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. Ⅲ.选用括号内合适的内容完成下面短文。(每题2分，共14分) The movie Like Stars on Earth tells the story of an eight­year­old boy named Ishaan, who is an introverted (内向的) child.1.What (What, Who) makes Ishaan different from his peers is not only his poor social skills but also his scores which are below the average in all subjects.2.How (Why, How) he can become better disciplined (遵守纪律的) puzzles his parents and finally he is sent off to a boarding school. The art teacher, Shankar, finds that it is a pity 3.that (how, that) Ishaan suffers from dyslexia (诵读困难).4.How (Whether, How) he helps his student recover and learn like a normal child is what the movie is mainly about. Recognizing Ishaan's problem, this art teacher dedicates extra time outside of school to work with him.It's well known 5.that (that, which) nothing is impossible to a willing heart.Through his efforts, Ishaan begins to read and write with less difficulty, making fewer spelling mistakes, and even excelling in math. 6．What (What, How) the movie shows is clear: we should not look down upon a person simply because they do not perform at the same level as everyone else. Like Stars on Earth encourages viewers to look beyond surface­level assessments. 7．Whoever (Whoever, Whatever) has compassion and love for others will uncover the unique potential within them.By doing so, we can help individuals like Ishaan overcome their challenges, enabling them to flourish and shine brightly, just like stars in the sky. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题4分，共16分) Before uploading a photo of ourselves to social media, chances are that we'll use an app to smooth our skin, make our eyes look bigger, and lips fuller.With a couple of taps on our mobile phone, we can get a quick fix and present the “best” version of ourselves to the world.However, the problem is, when we simply edit our imperfections away, we're also changing the way we look at ourselves. Last month, researchers published the article Selfies—Living in the Era of Filtered(过滤的) Photographs.The article analysed photo editing apps' bad influences on people's self­respect and their possibility to cause appearance anxieties.The researchers also warned that such apps make it difficult to tell the difference between reality and fantasy.“These apps allow one to change his or her appearance in minutes and follow an unrealistic standard of beauty，” the article reads. In the past, people may have compared their looks to those of famous people.But for today's young people, beauty standards are most likely set by what they see on social media.“From birth, they are born into an age of social platforms where their feelings of self­worth can be based purely on the number of likes and followers that they have, which is linked to how good they look，” British cosmetic doctor Tijion Esho told The Independent.This is why many young people suffer an identity trouble when it comes to appearance. “Now you've got this daily comparison of your real self to this fake self that you present on social media，” Renee Engeln, a professor of psychology, told the HuffPost website.Engeln further pointed out that when people spend too much time making such comparisons, they may become “beauty sick” and find it difficult to accept what they actually look like.“Because between you and the world is a mirror.It's a mirror that travels with you everywhere.You can't seem to put it down，” she told The Washington Post.So when we look in a real mirror, we shouldn't think to ourselves, “Do I look as good as myself in the filtered photos？” Instead, we should think, “I feel good; I have my health.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。研究人员在最新的一篇文章中指出了照片编辑软件对人们自尊的不良影响以及可能导致的外貌焦虑。心理学教授勒妮·恩格尔恩认为人们应该接受自己真实的外表。 1．Before uploading a photo to social media, we will probably ． A．have an operation to make our eyes look bigger B．use some cream to smooth our skin C．use an app to fix our photo D．edit our perfections away 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Before uploading a photo of ourselves to social media, chances are that we'll use an app to smooth our skin, make our eyes look bigger, and lips fuller.”可知，在上传照片到社交媒体之前，我们可能会使用应用软件来美化照片。故选C项。 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．In many ways, photo editing apps are beneficial to people. B．Photo editing apps are likely to cause people's anxieties about their appearance. C．Photo editing apps can make people more beautiful. D．Photo editing apps help people judge realistic beauty. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The article analysed photo editing apps' bad influences on people's self­respect and their possibility to cause appearance anxieties.”可知，修图软件很可能会对人们的自尊产生不良影响以及让人们对自己的外貌感到焦虑。故选B项。 3．When it comes to appearance, why do many young people suffer an identity trouble? A．Because they compare their looks to those of famous people. B．Because beauty standards are set by social media. C．Because their feelings of self­worth depend on their own likes and dislikes. D．Because their feelings of self­worth depend on their appearance. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“From birth, they are born into an age of social platforms where their feelings of self­worth can be based purely on the number of likes and followers that they have, which is linked to how good they look” 可知，他们出生在一个社交平台的时代，在这个时代里，他们的自我价值感完全基于他们收到的点赞数量和粉丝数量，粉丝数量和点赞数量越多，意味着他们更漂亮。由此可知，许多年轻人都有身份认同问题是因为他们的自我价值感取决于他们的外表。故选D项。 4．According to Engeln, what should we do? A．We should feel good about what we actually look like. B．We should spend more time making comparison of our real self to fake self. C．We should take a mirror with us everywhere. D．We should try to look as good as ourselves in the filtered photos. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“So when we look in a real mirror, we shouldn't think to ourselves，‘Do I look as good as myself in the filtered photos？’ Instead, we should think, ‘I feel good; I have my health.’”可知，根据恩格尔恩的观点，我们应该认可自己真实的外表。故选A项。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每题2分，共30分) Having experienced life as both an overweight and now a skinny woman, I have personally seen the differences in the reactions of others towards heavier people.People generally are nicer and less 1 thin people, and 2 those who are overweight at first. Recently I was up north celebrating my 25th birthday in Muskoka, Ontario.We went into a little 3 and they had lots of clothing, house decorations and novelty items. I overheard a lady laughing and saying to her husband “ George, these napkins (餐巾纸) say ‘Every time I hear that 4 word exercise I wash my mouth out with wine’.” I walked over and there were other quotes on goods putting down 5 . My first 6 when I saw these novelty items was also to 7 but as a few minutes went by that saying was still 8 me.Exercise is one of the most 9 activities you can do to improve yourself.Nobody should ever put a(n) 10 value on any type of exercise. When I was heavier, I got 11 at friends who would rather go to the gym than sit on the sofa and watch TV with me.Now after my 12 ，I see it from the 13 view.People who actually enjoy working out are focusing on themselves, which is so 14 for the overall health.People should stop making negative humour about exercising and start 15 it. [语篇解读]本文是夹叙夹议文。作者从自己的亲身经历中感悟到，人们不可以以貌取人，并且应对锻炼有更客观积极的态度。 1． A．loyal to B．sensitive to C．compassionate with D．critical of 解析：选D。由全文语境可知，人们通常对瘦的人更友好、较少吹毛求疵，同时会瞧不起超重的人。 2． A．rely on B．look down upon C．get along with D．care for 解析：选B。解析见第1题。 3． A．shop B．clinic C．restaurant D．hotel 解析：选A。由该空后的“they had lots of...novelty items”可知，我们走进了一家商店。 4． A．official B．tender C．rude D．old 解析：选D。由该空后的“I wash my mouth out with wine”可推知，餐巾纸上的标语对锻炼持负面态度，认为锻炼这个词是粗鄙的。 5． A．business B．exercise C．travel D．consumption 解析：选B。由该空前的“there were other quotes on goods”可推知，“我”走过去，发现还有其他商品上的文字贬低锻炼。 6． A．assumption B．finding C．motive D．reaction 解析：选D。由第二段中的“I overheard a lady laughing...”可知，“我”看到这些标语的第一反应也是笑。 7． A．laugh B．blame C．exclaim D．apologise 解析：选A。解析见第6题。 8． A．surprising B．scaring C．bothering D．discouraging 解析：选C。由本段中的also和but可推知，“我”看到这些标语的第一反应也是笑，但几分钟过去了，上面的内容依然让“我”困扰。 9． A．graceful B．healthy C．challenging D．creative 解析：选B。由本段中的“Nobody should ever...of exercise”和下文中的内容可推知，“我”认为锻炼是提升自己最健康的方式之一，任何人都不应该给任何形式的锻炼贴上负面的标签。 10．A．additional B．monetary C．negative D．emotional 解析：选C。解析见第9题。 11．A．strict B．mad C．confused D．relieved 解析：选B。由该空前的“When I was heavier”和该空后的“rather go to the gym...watch TV with me”可推知，在“我”的肥胖时期，那些宁可去健身房也不愿意陪“我”坐在沙发上看电视的朋友让“我”感到很生气。 12．A．registration B．graduation C．presentation D．transformation 解析：选D。由第一段中的“Having experienced life...now a skinny woman”可知，“我”作出了转变，看待锻炼的态度也发生了逆转。 13．A．opposite B．traditional C．above D．common 解析：选A。解析见第12题。 14．A．bizarre B．boring C．important D．economical 解析：选C。由该空前的focusing on themselves和该空后的overall health可推知，真正喜欢锻炼的人关注于自身，这对整体健康非常重要。 15．A．embracing B．teaching C．skipping D．replacing 解析：选A。由该空前的stop making negative humour about exercising可知，人们应该停止对锻炼的负面幽默，开始从内心接受它。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) (2024·湖北省重点高中高二下联考)Late on Sunday night in 1. remote mountain village in southwest China's Yunnan Province, a crowd burst into applause.Because they heard the news that their native tea forest lands 2. (record) on the World Heritage Site list at the 45th session of UNESCO's World Heritage Committee.3. they had heard cheered them up, so people from multiple ethnic groups 4. (wear) traditional clothing joined a celebratory bonfire (篝火) on Jingmai Mountain in Pu'er City, Yunnan. The Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain in Pu'er became China's 57th entry on the World Heritage Site list.It is also the 5. (one) World Heritage Site with the theme of tea.The landscape stands out as an example of rich tea culture，6. is centered on the ancient ways of planting and preserving the old tea forests. On the basis of long­term practices, local people developed an under­story growing (林下种植) technique.That is 7. (create) ideal light conditions for the growing of tea trees through limited under­story growing.Meanwhile, it prevents insects 8. eating plants through the well­preserved forest ecosystem so as to produce organic tea leaves without the 9. (apply) of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. This land­use system represents an 10. (exception) example of the communication by Blang (布朗族) and Dai (傣族) peoples in a challenging environment. [语篇解读]本文是说明文，主要介绍了云南省普洱市景迈山古茶园申遗成功的有关内容。 1．解析：a。考查不定冠词。句意：上周日深夜，在中国西南部云南省的一个偏远山村，人群爆发出热烈的掌声。此处泛指“一个偏远的山村”，故应用不定冠词，且remote为辅音音素开头，故填a。 2．解析：had been recorded。考查时态和语态。句意：因为他们听到了他们的茶林在联合国教科文组织第45届世界遗产委员会会议上被列入世界遗产名录的消息。茶树林和记录之间是被动关系，且被列入名单动作发生在heard之前，因此这里应使用过去完成时的被动语态。 3．解析：What。考查主语从句。句意：听到这个消息，他们非常高兴，来自多个民族的人们在云南普洱市景迈山穿着传统服装加入了篝火庆祝。此处引导主语从句，主句从句中缺少宾语，且指代他们所听到的东西，故填What。 4．解析：wearing。考查非谓语动词。此处作定语，people与wear之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，故应现在分词作后置定语修饰people，故填wearing。 5．解析：first。考查序数词。句意：它也是第一个以茶为主题的世界遗产，故填first。 6．解析：which。考查非限制性定语从句。句意：该景观作为丰富的茶文化的一个代表脱颖而出，主要集中在古老茶林种植和保护的传统做法。此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代前面的先行词tea culture，故应用which引导。 7．解析：to create。考查不定式作表语。句意：即通过有限的下层种植为茶树的生长创造理想的光照条件。此处作表语，应用不定式，解释说明这种技术的内容，故填to create。 8．解析：from。考查固定搭配。句意：同时，通过保护完好的森林生态系统，防止昆虫啃食植物，从而生产出不使用农药和化肥的优质有机茶叶。此处为“阻止……做某事……”，表达为prevent...from...，故填from。 9．解析：application。考查名词。此处作宾语，故应用名词“application(应用)”，the application of意为“……应用”，故填application。 10．解析：exceptional。考查形容词。句意：这种土地利用系统代表了布朗族和傣族人在充满挑战的环境中交流的一个特殊例子。此处作定语，修饰example，故应用形容词“exceptional(特殊的)”修饰，故填exceptional。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$