Unit4 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language I ①have been living in America for ten years.Life ②has been very good to me.I went to college for two years and now I ③have been working in a company for three years.My wife, Lisa, and I ④have been married for 15 years.We ⑤have just finished decorating the bathroom on the second floor and we plan to have children in future. 1．现在完成进行时是由“have/has been＋现在分词”构成的。 2．句①③是现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。 3．句②④⑤则是现在完成时，表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，到现在已经完成，给现在留下某种影响或结果。 现在完成进行时 一、构成 ①I have been working as a secretary in a company since I graduated from university. 我从大学毕业后就一直在一家公司当秘书。 ②He hasn't been using the car for the last two months. 过去两个月他一直没用车。 ③Has Lucy been writing a novel in her spare time? 露西业余时间一直在写小说吗？ 二、基本用法 1．表示动作从过去某个时刻开始，一直持续到现在，还可能延续下去，强调动作的延续性。 ①We have been doing everything possible to improve the working conditions. 我们一直在尽一切努力改善工作条件。 ②She has been burning the midnight oil to prepare for GRE recently. 她最近在熬夜准备(美国)研究生入学资格考试。 2．表示从过去到现在的一段时间内反复进行的动作或存在的状态。 ①She has been phoning Jim every night for two weeks. 两个星期以来， 她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。 ②Jack has been practicing Tai Chi for more than a year. 杰克练太极一年多了。 3．表示动作刚刚结束， 该动作一般不再继续， 有时会指出结果。 ①I have been playing badminton all morning, so I'm sweating heavily. 整个上午我一直在打羽毛球， 所以我浑身是汗。 ②I have been painting the door, so my hands are very dirty. 我一直在给门刷漆， 所以我的手很脏。 4．表达某种感情色彩。 ①She has been persuading me to give up the plan. 她一直在劝我放弃这个计划。(不耐烦) ②You have been daydreaming but never make an effort. 你一直在做白日梦， 却从不努力。(指责) ————即学即练1———— 单句语法填空 ①The dollar has been climbing (climb) steadily all week. ②I have been waiting (wait) for an hour and a half. ③I have been thinking (think) of the problem all the time. ④—You are a great swimmer. —Thanks.It's because I have been practising (practise)a lot these days. 三、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 1．现在完成进行时往往强调动作的延续， 现在完成时往往强调动作的完成。 ①They have been widening the road. 他们一直在加宽马路。(但尚未完工) ②They have widened the road. 他们加宽了马路。(已完工) 2．现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复， 现在完成时表示的动作常常不带重复性。 ①Julia has been going to the library for a year. 朱莉娅这一年经常去图书馆。 ②Julia has gone to the library. 朱莉娅去图书馆了。 3．现在完成进行时含感情色彩， 现在完成时通常只陈述事实。 ①I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直在等你， 等了两个小时。(表示不满) ②I have waited for you for two hours. 我已经等了你两个小时了。(说明一个事实) 【点拨】　表示心理活动、属性拥有、表象感官、行为结果的动词不用于现在完成进行时。 I have been having a cold for two weeks.(×) I have had a cold for two weeks.(√) 我已经感冒两周了。 ————即学即练2———— 单句语法填空 ①The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained (remain)around that level since. ②He has been listening (listen) to English programs since he came to the US，so he has made (make) great progress. ③The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he has been playing (play) in the mud all the morning. ④By the time he realizes he has walked (walk) into a trap，it'll be too late for him to do anything about it. furniture n．[U]家具 (1)a piece of furniture 一件家具 (2)furnish vt.为(房屋或房间)配备家具，布置家具；提供 furnish...with... 用……布置…… furnish sb/sth with sth 为某人/某物提供某物 (3)furnished adj.配备家具的 be furnished with 备有，安装有；陈设有 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①His office is furnished (furnish) with only a desk and two chairs. ②The dark colors of the furniture (furnish) in the dining room are balanced by the brightness of the walls. ③他们家的每件家具都与房子的风格相称。 Each piece of furniture in their home suited the style of the house. unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地 (1)unfortunate adj.不幸的 (2)fortunate adj.幸运的 be fortunate to do sth 有幸做某事 (3)fortunately adv.幸运地 (4)fortune n．机遇；运气 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Unfortunately (fortune)，that plan seems unlikely to work. ②I was late，but fortunately (fortune) the meeting hadn't started. ③While staying with me, he talked of the unfortunate (fortunate) accident. ④我很幸运能有这样一个宝贵的机会在活动中担任志愿者。(应用文写作之活动介绍) I am fortunate to have such a precious opportunity to serve as a volunteer in the activity. (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每题2分，共20分) 1．People have been pouring (pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. 2．It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising (rise) for some time. 3．Where have you been？I have been looking (look) for you everywhere. 4．A retired engineer, 76­year­old Wilson has been offering (offer) free rides to college students for the past eight years. 5．For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying (study) ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution. 6．I have read (read) that article long before. 7．They have been building (build) the bridge for two months. 8．The telephone has been ringing (ring) in the office all the morning. 9．In the past few years，he has been dealing (deal) with a few international companies. 10．She is tired.She has been typing (type) letters all the afternoon. Ⅱ.语法与写作(每题4分，共20分) 1．你的衣服满是灰尘，我想你一直在打扫教室吧。 Your clothes are covered with dust.You have been cleaning the classroom，I think. 2．你看起来又瘦又疲惫，你近来一直在医院照顾你的姐姐吗？ You look thin and tired.Have you been taking care of your sister in the hospital recently? 3．这个女孩弄丢了她的钥匙，她到处找都找不到。 The girl has lost her keys．She can't find them anywhere. 4．这个月我一直在拜访一些贫困家庭，希望能帮助他们的孩子回到学校。 I have been visiting some poor families this month, hoping to help their children return to school. 5．运动员们近半年来一直在为即将到来的比赛训练。 The athletes have been training in the past half year for the coming competition. Ⅲ.语法与语篇(每题1分，共10分) My wish is 1.to go (go) to a key university.I 2.have been studying (study) for many years.But I am poor 3.in English since I went to junior school.My English teacher told me to insist 4.on listening and writing.I 5.have been learning (learn) English every morning to improve it.Because I 6.have wasted (waste) a lot of time，it was hard to catch up with other students.After 7.going (go) to high school，I 8.have been staying (stay) up late into the night and 9.have been getting (get) up early in the morning.I 10.have been writing (write) two compositions every day.I think I should spare no effort to improve my English and achieve my dream. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分，共20分) A I once complained to my friend Mike，“I often cycle two miles from my house to the town center but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route.”He replied，“You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided. My attitude to the hill has now changed.I used to complain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following.This hill will exercise my heart and lungs.It will help me to lose weight and get fit.It will mean that I live longer.This hill is my friend.Finally I comfort myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationary exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for free.I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill. Problems are there to be faced and overcome.We cannot achieve anything with an easy life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree.Her activism and writing proved inspirational.She wrote，“The character cannot be developed with ease.Only through experiences of suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved.” One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity.From time to time we all face hardships, problems, accidents and difficulties.Some are of our making but many are no fault of our own.While we cannot choose adversity, we can choose our attitude towards it. Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident.He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aviators in the Battle of Britain with 22 aerial victories over the Germans.He was an inspiration to others during the war.He said，“Don't listen to anyone who tells you that you can't do this or that.That's nonsense.Make up your mind, and you'll never use crutches or a stick, and then have a go at everything.Go to school, and join in all the games you can.Go anywhere you want to.But never, never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible.” The biographies of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced.The common threat is that they did not become depressed.They chose their attitude.They chose to be positive.They took on the challenge.They won.Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity. [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。生活中，决定成败的主要因素之一是我们对待逆境的态度。虽然我们不能避免逆境，但是我们能选择面对它的态度。 1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the author of the passage? A．One who wants to achieve success can't expect to live an easy life. B．Climbing hills on bicycles is the best way to take exercise. C．Going to a gym is greatly beneficial to people's health. D．People's attitude to hardships is the only factor of their success. A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We cannot achieve anything with an easy life.”可知，一个想要成功的人不能期望过着轻松的生活，故选A。] 2．What does the author intend to tell us by quoting what Douglas Bader said? A．Failure is the mother of success. B．A bad workman quarrels with his tools. C．If you risk nothing, you will have nothing. D．Nothing is difficult to the man who will try. D　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Don't listen to anyone who tells you that you can't do this or that...Make up your mind，and...Go anywhere you want to.But never，never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible.”可知Douglas Bader阐明了自己的观点，即“不要听任何人说你不能做这个或那个……下定决心……去任何你想去的地方。但是永远，永远不要让他们说服你事情太困难或不可能”。D项“世上无难事，只要肯攀登”意境吻合，故选D。] 3．What will the author further talk about in the following paragraph? A．How his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the challenge he faced. B．Why it is important to keep optimistic in the face of trouble. C．What steps to take to change your attitude towards the difficulties you face. D．What great people have in common. C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Nevertheless，there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity.”可知，作者在接下来的段落中会谈论“如何改变对待逆境的态度”。故选C。] 4．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Different Attitudes Towards Misfortune B．Face Difficulties with a Smile C．Nothing Is Impossible D．Life Is Full of Adversity B　[标题归纳题。本文通过名人对待逆境的例子，围绕面对逆境我们应持乐观的态度这一话题展开，所以B项“笑对逆境”适合做本文标题，故选B。] B Robot guide dogs may soon become available to the 17 million visually (视觉地) impaired people in China thanks to researchers from Northwestern Polytechnical University, who achieved a breakthrough using an artificial intelligence language model. The AI guide dog can provide assistance in life such as crossing streets, using elevators and guiding indoor spaces without having to be connected to the internet.It is a big step in exploring the application of involved intelligence—an intelligent machine with a physical form that can interact with the environment in real­time using sensors (传感器) to conduct instructions or make decisions. The research makes it possible to provide better guidance services for visually impaired people, especially for emotional companionship. “Though in recent years there have been some electronic navigation aids (导航助手), such as electronic navigation helmets, navigation canes, and electronic guide dogs, they cannot engage in conversations with people or fully understand human instructions，” said Sun Zhe, an associate professor at the university's School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics, “They can only perform tasks according to pre­designed programs.They are just cold machines.That's not enough.Visually impaired people face numerous challenges in daily life, including navigation difficulties and possible dangers, but smart guide dogs using the language model can offer them more convenient and safer guidance, effectively improving their life quality，” Sun said. The research team began developing the smart guide dog based on the AI model at the end of last month.Its findings have been published in the Communications of the Chinese Computer Society.“The current results prove the possibility of this approach, but there is still some way to go before it can be put into practical application，” Sun said.“We will put more effort into it and make it available for those in need as soon as possible.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了西北工业大学的研究人员在使用人工智能语言模型方面取得了突破，使得视障人士可能很快就可以使用机器人导盲犬了。 5．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “impaired” in Paragraph 1? A．Disabled. B．Advantaged. C．Cheated. D．Treated. A　[词义猜测题。根据画线单词前的“Robot guide dogs may soon become available to the 17 million visually (机器人导盲犬可能很快就会为1 700万视障人士提供服务)” 以及常识可知，使用导盲犬机器人的人应该是视觉受损的人，由此可知，画线单词的意思应与“受损”意义相近。故选A项。] 6．What assistance can AI­guide dogs provide? A．Offer suggestions based on the internet. B．Replace you to make big decisions. C．Provide real­time guidance in daily life. D．Make emotional facial expressions. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The AI guide dog can provide assistance in life such as crossing streets, using elevators and guiding indoor spaces without having to be connected to the internet.(人工智能导盲犬可以在不连接互联网的情况下，在过马路、使用电梯、引导室内空间等生活中提供帮助)”由此可知，人工导盲犬可以在日常生活中提供实时指导。故选C项。] 7．What is the AI­guide dog's advantage over other electronic navigation aids? A．It does not look like a cold machine. B．It works with a more complex navigation system. C．It is set with more pre­designed programs. D．It has a better understanding of human instructions. D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Though in recent years there have been some electronic navigation aids (导航助手), such as electronic navigation helmets, navigation canes, and electronic guide dogs, they cannot engage in conversations with people or fully understand human instructions (尽管近年来出现了一些电子导航助手，比如电子导航头盔、导航杖和电子导盲犬，但它们不能与人对话，也不能完全理解人类的指令)”可知，以前的电子导航设备不能与人对话，也不能完全理解人类的指令，结合下文中的“...smart guide dogs using the language model can offer them more convenient and safer guidance, effectively improving their life quality.(……但使用语言模型的智能导盲犬可以为他们提供更方便、更安全的指导，有效提高他们的生活质量)”综合以上信息可知，人工智能导盲犬比其他电子导航设备能更好地理解人类的指令，提高视障人士的生活质量。故选D项。] 8．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The team has developed AI­guide dogs for a long time. B．AI­guide dogs have not been put into production yet. C．Many scientists doubt the team's research achievements. D．There is a lack of funding for the project's research. B　[推理判断题。根据尾段中的“‘The current results prove the possibility of this approach, but there is still some way to go before it can be put into practical application，’ Sun said.‘We will put more effort into it and make it available for those in need as soon as possible.’(‘目前的结果证明了这种方法的可能性，但在投入实际应用之前还有一段路要走，’孙哲说。‘我们将付出更多努力，尽快为有需要的人提供帮助。’)”可知，人工智能导盲犬在投入使用前还有一段路要走，由此可知，人工智能导盲犬还没有投入生产。故选B项。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每题2分，共10分) How to Discover Your Talent Talent tends to refer to that inborn skill that everyone seems to be born with.1. ．It's good to try and identify and practice that skill. Revisit your childhood.A good way to figure out where your talents lie is to go back to your childhood.2. ．This is often the time when you had plans that weren't limited by what people tend to think of as“reality”． Consider what it is that you do when you lose track of time.One of the chief things you can do is focus on what you love to do so much that you have a tendency to forget everything else for a while.3. ．You might have to research a bit deeper into the things you enjoy to discover what makes you feel satisfied. 4． ．Sometimes, when you're having difficulty seeing clearly, it's good to get an outside opinion.Your friends and family members know you well and they should be able to offer you some insights into the areas they think you're talented in. Try new things.Especially if you're not sure what your talents might be, you should get out and try new things.This way you're more likely to hit on what it is that you're really good at and that really makes you happy.5. ．In your quest for your own talent you should look into the talents of other people. A．Consider what you loved to do as a child B．Ask others for better advice C．You can use your talents in the service of kindness D．Focus on the areas that you're less talented in E．Not all talents are going to be super obvious F．Observe and enjoy the talents of other people G．It's true that having a talent can help you in life [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，就如何发现自己的天赋提出几点建议。 1．G　[根据本空后的“It's good to try and identify and practice that skill.”可知，尝试、识别和练习这种技能是很好的，此处是说拥有天赋的好处，故G项(的确，拥有一种天赋在生活中会帮助你)符合语境。] 2．A　[根据本空前的“A good way to figure out where your talents lie is to go back to your childhood.”可知，要想知道你在哪方面有天赋，一个好办法就是回到你的童年时代，此处承接上文，故A项(想想你小时候喜欢做什么)符合语境。] 3．E　[根据本空后的“You might have to research a bit deeper into the things you enjoy to discover what makes you feel satisfied.”可知，你可能需要深入研究你喜欢的事情才能发现什么让你感到满足，此处是说有时候天赋不是那么容易被发现的，故E项(并不是所有的天赋都是显而易见的)符合语境。] 4．B　[根据本空后的“Sometimes，when you're having difficulty seeing clearly，it's good to get an outside opinion.”可知，当你看不清楚自己的天赋的时候，最好听听外界的意见，本段讲的是要寻求他人的建议，故B项(向别人征求更好的建议)符合语境。] 5．F　[根据本空后的“In your quest for your own talent you should look into the talents of other people.”可知，追求自己的天赋时，你应该看看别人的天赋，此处讲的是有关别人的天赋，故F项(观察并欣赏他人的才能)符合语境。] Ⅲ.语法填空(每题2分，共20分) Cameron Nelson walked into a fast food restaurant for lunch and 1. (amaze) at the state of the worker he saw behind the counter.The teenager, 2. name was Hakeem Tyler, was wearing a neck support and had his arm in a bandage, 3. he was dutifully serving customers at the checkout counter. Out of 4. (curious), Nelson asked the teenager what had happened.“I was injured in a car accident.You see me working here because I need the money to feed 5. homeless in the community and just to pay bills like a young teen does.I always have it in my heart 6. (give) back to people.”said the teenager. 7． (impress) with the young man's kindness and need, Nelson took a photo of the young man and shared it online.He even started GoFundMe for Tyler.“For anyone, to work in those conditions is 8. (admire), but it's amazing for someone in his generation to have sympathy for others，”Nelson said. In addition to 9. (donate) money to the account for the teen, many people said that they would like to see him in person.So far, the donation for Tyler 10. (add) up to more than ＄13，500. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。少年Tyler在一场车祸中受了伤， 却依然心系那些无家可归的人，Nelson被他的行为感动， 拍了Tyler的照片传到网上， 希望有更多的人可以帮助这位善良的少年， 这一行为得到了网友的积极回应。 1．was amazed　[考查时态。分析句子可知此处是谓语动词， 根据walked判断为一般过去时， 此处考查短语be amazed at“对……惊讶”， 故填was amazed。] 2．whose　[考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知， 此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词， 关系词在从句中充当定语， 应用关系代词whose, 故填whose。] 3．but　[考查连词。句意： 这个少年， 他的名字叫Hakeem Tyler, 戴着颈托， 手臂缠着绷带， 但是他在收银台尽职尽责地为顾客服务。分析句子可知， 此处应填连词， 再结合句意， 前后半句为转折关系， 故填but。] 4．curiosity　[考查名词。此处应填名词作为of的宾语， out of curiosity “出于好奇”， 故填curiosity。] 5．the　[考查冠词。结合句意可知， 此处应译为“我需要钱来养活社区里无家可归的人”， 此处考查“the＋adj.”指代一类人， the homeless“无家可归的人”， 故填the。] 6．to give　[考查非谓语动词。此处考查短语have it in one's mind/heart to do sth“记得要做某事”， it是形式宾语， to do是真正的宾语， 故填to give。] 7．Impressed　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知， 此处是非谓语动词， impress(使……印象深刻)与逻辑主语Nelson之间是动宾关系， 用过去分词， 故填Impressed。] 8．admirable　[考查形容词。此处应填形容词作is的表语， admirable“值得钦佩的”， 故填admirable。] 9．donating　[考查动名词。in addition to“除了……”中的to是介词， 故其后应用donate的动名词形式作宾语， 故填donating。] 10．has added　[考查现在完成时。分析句子可知， 此处是谓语动词， 根据so far(到目前为止)判断为现在完成时， 主语donation(捐赠)不可数， 故用has done, 故填has added。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$