Unit3 Section Ⅲ Using Language-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Using Language Ⅰ.读文章细节 Choose the best answer according to the text. 1．What's the passage mainly about? A．The beauty of the Li River. B．What some tourists did led to the water pollution. C．Some measures to reduce water pollution in the Li River. D．The ways to increase crop production. 2．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．Some tourists didn't care about the Li River. B．Which aspects have caused water pollution in the Li River? C．Some tourists threw garbage into the Li River. D．The local population rose rapidly. 3．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A．The chemicals have caused a decrease in the number of fish species. B．The reputation of the Li River has a negative effect on the river's water quality. C．The media has a good effect on encouraging greater use of clean energy. D．The local government did nothing to protect the water quality in the Li River. 4．We can learn from the last two paragraphs that ． A．people can do nothing to reduce water pollution in the Li River B．tourists are not allowed to visit the Li River C．the local authorities never inspect the Li River D．some measures have been taken to reduce water pollution in the Li River 答案：1～4　CBDD Ⅱ.学表达技巧 高级词汇 [教材1]　①Many tour boats contributed to the problem too... ②These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease in the number of fish species. [分析]　句中contribute to、lead to、cause都是表示“导致”的词语。类似的还有result in、bring about。 [仿写]　据说一场医疗事故导致了她死亡。 A medical accident was said to have contributed to her death． 写作技巧 [教材2]　The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly, as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises. [分析]　中as well as意为“也；还”，可以连接两个平行结构。在写作中，常用于增添相关的并列内容来使句子更丰富。 [仿写]　我将读一些书来获得知识和乐趣。 I'll do some reading for knowledge, as well as for fun． 高级介词 [教材3]　...regarding further industrial development...regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods. [分析]　句中连用两个regarding, 此处regarding是介词，意为“至于，关于”。有相同用法的还有concerning。 [仿写]　关于你的要求，她什么也没说。 She has said nothing regarding your request． 过渡衔接 [教材4]　①Furthermore, the local authorities began to use the media to spread environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy... ②In addition, the ambitious “Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country. [分析]　句中furthermore和in addition都是表递进关系的过渡性词语，使得上下文之间联系更加紧密。此外，写作中常用的类似词语还有what's more、 moreover、besides、 additionally等。 [仿写]　另外，建议参加者下周六早上八点在会议室入座。 Furthermore/ Moreover/ Additionally/ In addition/ Besides/ What's more, it is suggested that the participants take their seats in the conference room at 8 a．m.next Saturday. 高频词汇练全 restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复；归还(失物、赃款等) restore sb/sth to 使……恢复原处/原位 restore sth to sb 把某物归还某人 restore sb to health 使某人恢复健康 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The following day their horses and goods were restored to them. ②这个古建筑被精心修复如初。 The ancient building was carefully restored to its original state． dozen n．(一)打；十二个 dozens of 很多，许多(后接可数名词复数形式) two/three/...dozen (＋名词) 两/三/……打(……) by the dozen 成打地 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①There were dozens (dozen)of empty beer bottles lying around when we entered the room. ②Eggs in the shopping centre are sold by the dozen. ③I have decided to buy two dozen of those wonderful gifts for the children. ④我了解到这次展览包括很多幅中国著名艺术家的杰出画作，如徐悲鸿、齐白石和张大千等。(应用文写作之邀请信) I have learned that the exhibition consists of dozens of masterpieces painted by Chinese famous artists, such as Xu Beihong，Qi Baishi, Zhang Daqian and etc. 【点拨】　(1)dozen前有数词或者具有数词意义的词，如：a，many，several，some，a few等修饰限制时，dozen要用单数形式，后面接可数名词复数，且名词前通常无需用介词of。 (2)表示“部分与整体”的关系时，dozen即使是单数形式，也要加of，这时of后面多是一个加有限定词(如：these，those，the，my，one's等)的复数名词或代词。 in effect 实际上；有效；在实施中 take effect 生效；起作用 bring/put sth into effect 使生效；实行；实施 come into effect 生效；开始实施 have an effect on... 对……有影响 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Favourable policies are in effect to encourage employees' professional development. ②A new system of taxation will come into effect next Monday. ③广告宣传活动对销售通常有很大影响。 The advertising campaigns usually have a great effect on sales． tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许 (1)tolerate (doing) sth 忍受(做)某事 (2)tolerant adj.容忍的；宽容的 be tolerant of/towards... 对……宽容 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The manager is tolerant (tolerate)of different points of view. ②He can't tolerate being laughed (laugh) at in public. ③学校不容许在考试中有作弊现象。 The school cannot tolerate cheating in exams． 【点拨】　表示“忍受，容忍”的单词和短语还有：endure, bear，stand，put up with。 重点句式练透 句型公式：with的复合结构 教材原句：Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.随着更多的生活和商业垃圾排入江中，水污染程度更加严重。 adj./adv./n. ( with＋宾语＋宾补 )介词短语 doing(表示主动关系) done(表示被动关系) to do(表示将来发生的动作) 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Hearing my words, David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling (spill) out of his eyes.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) ②With no one to rely (rely) on, I am afraid I will undergo a tough time. ③With his bike stolen (steal), he had to walk home. ④随着越来越多的国家承认它在国际事务中的作用，中国的形象正在稳步改善。 China's image is improving steadily, with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs. 句型公式：“It＋be＋过去分词＋that...”句型 教材原句：With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.有了这些措施，人们相信漓江之美将会为后代保留下来。 (1)“It is believed that...”中it作形式主语，意为“人们认为/相信……”，可转换为“主语＋be believed to do...”结构。 (2)类似用法的还有：It is said/reported/thought/supposed /expected that... ＝主语＋be＋said/reported/thought/supposed/expected to do... 据说/报道/认为/推断/预计…… 【练透】　句型转换/一句多译 ①It is said that he went abroad. →He is said to have gone abroad. ②It is said that he is studying medicine by himself now. →He is said to be studying medicine by himself now. ③通常认为良好的教育对年轻人是有益的。 →It is generally believed that a good education is beneficial to young people. →A good education is generally believed to be beneficial to young people. (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每题1分，共10分) 1．New roads are being built to cope with the increased volume (量)of traffic. 2．Can you take out the garbage (垃圾)to the dustbin when you go to school this morning? 3．He is still involved in voluntary work promoting local enterprises (企业)． 4．The Danes have environmental issues high on their agenda (议事日程)． 5．The union has proposed new regulations (规章制度)to control the hours worked by its employees. 6．It takes a long time to restore (使复原)the garden to its former beauty. 7．It turned out that the steel industry accounted for only ten per cent of the smog (烟雾)in the city. 8．The government has launched a campaign (运动)of television commercials and leaflets. 9．The waterway (航道)has been cleared to make sure of its normal use. 10．The theory of relativity originates (发源)with Albert Einstein. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) 1．At first, he refused to admit his mistake, but he ended up apologizing (apologize) to us. 2．The boy couldn't tolerate being treated (treat) as a baby. 3．The waste disposal (dispose) industry is finding it difficult to convince the public that its operations are safe. 4．Word came that the new stadium was under inspection (inspect) then. 5．Every weekend there are dozens of football and basketball games on television. 6．Doing volunteer work can contribute to increasing (increase) your sense of confidence and satisfaction with life. 7．The government fined the man 2，000 yuan for threatening public safety. 8．He has told me that in effect he would not cancel peace talks under any circumstances. 9．China's amazing (amaze) performance has greatly affected the world's economic output. 10．We should expand cooperation on new energy, energy conversation (conserve) and environmental protection. Ⅲ.完成句子/一句多译(每空3分，共18分) 1．毫无疑问，这项政策对所有的商业部门来说都将是一个黄金机会。 There is no doubt that this policy will be a golden opportunity for all business sectors. 2．所有需要的东西都买了，她高高兴兴地回了家。 With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily. 3．各地的人们到市中心来了，使得市中心非常拥挤。 People from all the corners came to the city center, making it very crowded． 4．据说瑜伽对人们的健康有益。 →It is said that yoga is of great benefit to people's health.(it作形式主语) →Yoga is said to be of great benefit to people's health. 5．我们班有50名学生，其中很多人来自农村。 →There are 50 students in our class and many of them come from the countryside. →There are 50 students in our class, many of whom come from the countryside. Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每题1分，共10分) The beautiful Li River attracts 1.millions (million) of domestic and foreign visitors each year.However, a report said the water had been seriously polluted. Water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of 2.whom frequently threw garbage into the river.Many tour boats contributed 3.to the problem too.The local population rose 4.rapidly (rapid), as well as 5.the number of commercial and industrial enterprises.Water pollution levels increased，with more household and commercial waste 6.ending (end) up in the river.To feed more people, more chemicals 7.were used (use)to increase crop 8.production (product)．These chemicals led to severe water quality issues. Local officials were 9.concerned (concern) that the pollution was damaging the natural environment. Finally, a series of urgent steps were taken 10.to restore (restore) the river's original beauty.With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will come back soon. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题3.5分，共24.5分) A Germany is the leader of the world's waste­recycling race.The country has quite a detailed way of sorting their waste—down to the color of glass waste, the type of paper, the separate bin (垃圾桶) for metals, etc. Here below are what you should know about Germany's waste sorting system： ◇ You are expected to gather your waste in your apartment/housing area's local public garbage bins. ◇ There are commonly several types of public garbage bins available in the German's apartment/housing area： ·Blue bin—for paper and cardboard ·Green and white bin—for glass, different bins for differently colored glass, not available for holiday decorations and lights ·Yellow/orange bin—for plastic and metals ·Brown bin—for goods that can be changed naturally by bacteria into substances that don't harm the environment, like leftovers, fruit and vegetables ·Gray/black bin—for everything else that can't be recycled such as used cat litter and animal waste ◇ Some items don't belong in these public garbage bins.Items like used batteries, electronics, unused paints, and lights must be returned to the special agents/locations so they can be properly recycled.Other items such as clothes, shoes, and oversized rubbish and furniture are advised to be donated or sold. ◇ There's this thing called Pfand in Germany, a certain part of the price for a bottled drink that you get back if you send back the bottle to certified shops.German law requires shops over a certain size selling bottled drinks have a Pfandrückgabestelle, or place for bottles with deposits (押金)．These bottles usually made of glass or plastic will be refilled.Of course, there're strict health regulations. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。德国是全球废弃物循环利用的领先者，有一套相当详细的垃圾分类方法。本文介绍了德国垃圾分类体系的相关信息。 1．Which bin should abandoned pet food be put into? A．The blue bin. B．The gray/black bin. C．The brown bin. D．The green and white bin. C　[细节理解题。根据文中的“Brown bin—for goods that can be changed naturally by bacteria into substances that don't harm the environment”可知，在德国，可生物降解的、对环境无害的东西应放进棕色垃圾桶，题干中的abandoned pet food属于这一范畴，故应放进棕色垃圾桶。] 2．How can Germans deal with a large old sofa? A．By giving it away. B．By putting it in a specific location. C．By returning it to special agents. D．By selling it to a Pfandrückgabestelle. A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Other items such as clothes, shoes, and oversized rubbish and furniture are advised to be donated or sold”可知，大的家具可以卖掉或者捐赠，故选A。] 3．What is the function of Pfand? A．Ensuring the cleanliness of refilled bottles. B．Encouraging consumers to return bottles. C．Reducing the use of non­recyclable bottles. D．Having shops reuse plastic or glass bottles. B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There's this thing called Pfand in Germany, a certain part of the price for a bottled drink that you get back if you send back the bottle to certified shops”可知，在德国有种叫作Pfand的东西，它指的是包含在瓶装饮料价格中的押金，如果将瓶子送回经过认证的商店，消费者就可以拿回这部分押金，由此可推断，Pfand是饮料瓶押金，它的作用是鼓励消费者归还饮料瓶。] B The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.“We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day，” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables.Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three­and­a­half hours.The light, about one­thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start.The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self­ powered street lamps. In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one­off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off“switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission.Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了绿色植物对人类社会的积极作用以及新开发的植物的不寻常的功能，重点介绍了发光植物对生活照明的影响。 4．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．A new study of different plants. B．A big fall in crime rates. C．Employees from various workplaces. D．Benefits from green plants. D　[段落大意题。根据第一段中的“A study conducted...decorated with houseplants.”可知， 在俄亥俄州进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工工作的场所有植物时，他们的工作效率会提高15%，由此可知，第一段主要说的是绿色植物的益处。故选D。] 5．What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers? A．To detect plants' lack of water. B．To change compositions of plants. C．To make the life of plants longer. D．To test chemicals in plants. A　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“These include plants...short of water...”可知，叶子上的传感器是用来显示植物什么时候缺水的。] 6．What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? A．They will speed up energy production. B．They may transmit electricity to the home. C．They might help reduce energy consumption. D．They could take the place of power plants. C　[推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“The technology...self­powered street lamps.”可知，新技术能够让植物为房间提供照明。又根据最后一段最后一句“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.”可知，发光植物可以避免远距离输电带来的损耗，从而节省能源。] 7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Can We Grow More Glowing Plants? B．How Do We Live with Glowing Plants? C．Could Glowing Plants Replace Lamps? D．How Are Glowing Plants Made Pollution­free? C　[标题归纳题。本文在介绍植物积极作用的过程中重点介绍了发光植物对生活照明的影响，预测发光植物有可能取代灯，达到节约能源的效果。故C项最适合做文章标题。] Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1.5分，共22.5分) I bought a big tractor to grow sweet corn.The giant tractor 1 the waste land into fields at an amazing speed.And thanks to the fertile soil，the corn grew so well. 2 ，I was troubled by the damage caused by raccoons (浣熊)．Just before the 3 ，large amounts of corn were eaten. I placed traps in several places around the fields, and ended up catching a young raccoon.The mother stayed next to it, and didn't 4 when I approached.When I tried 5 out to the trap, the young raccoon showed its 6 and got really upset.It seemed cruel, but I held its head down with my rubber boot 7 I released it.It didn't run away though.Right in front of me, the mother started licking (舔) the young one's 8 leg.Seeing that, I felt I'd done something really terrible. Then I started leaving small piles of second­rate corn around the edges of the 9 ．They were not good enough to sell.The next morning they completely 10 ．But the raccoons didn't cause 11 damage.I had worried that if I actually fed them, the raccoons would 12 me more, but that didn't happen.So I decided to 13 using the traps and continue to put out the second­rate corn.After that, damage by the raccoons stopped almost completely. My eyes were opened to the mysteries of 14 ．Farmers suffer the damage because they 15 everything. We turn what used to belong to the raccoons into our fields.So while farming, we should learn to share, which is our responsibility. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是一位农民与农场上的浣熊之间发生的既有趣又发人深思的故事，也揭示了大自然的奥秘。 1． A．divided B．got C．changed D．transported C　[根据空后的“the waste land into fields”可知，作者首先用拖拉机把荒地变成了(changed)良田，以便耕种。change...into...意为“把……变成……”] 2． A．Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Besides B　[根据空前“the corn grew so well.”及空后“I was troubled by the damage...”可知，此处表示转折关系，因为接下来介绍浣熊破坏了庄稼，所以选B项。] 3． A．winter B．sale C．sowing D．harvest D　[根据空后的“large amounts of corn were eaten”可知，浣熊应该是在收获的(harvest)季节破坏庄稼，吃掉大量的玉米。] 4． A．break away B．run away C．jump up D．turn up B　[根据下文描述的浣熊妈妈给孩子舔伤口的情节可知，在作者走近时，浣熊妈妈为了保护幼崽并没有跑开(run away)。break away“挣脱，逃脱”，run away“逃避，逃走”，jump up“突然站起；大幅上涨”，turn up“把音量调高”。] 5． A．handing B．taking C．standing D．reaching D　[作者伸出(reaching)手，设法给小浣熊松开夹子。reach out to意为“把手伸向”。] 6． A．tail B．neck C．teeth D．mouth C　[根据常识和下文的“and got really upset”可知，小浣熊看到有人靠近，会很不安，因此露出牙齿(teeth)。] 7． A．as B．because C．unless D．after A　[看到小浣能的举动，为了防止被咬伤，作者给它松开夹子时(as)，只好用胶靴压住它的头。] 8． A．wounded B．abandoned C．deserted D．tired A　[联系前文，夹子夹住了小浣熊的腿，因此它的腿受伤了(wounded)。] 9． A．trees B．houses C．fields D．nests C　[浣熊常到作者的庄稼地里偷吃玉米，为了保护庄稼同时又不伤害浣熊，作者只好采取折中的办法，即在庄稼地(fields)的周围放一些次等的玉米。] 10．A．disappeared B．died C．rotted D．escaped A　[根据该段中的“damage by the raccoons stopped almost completely”以及下一段中的“we should learn to share”可知，作者放的这些次等玉米都不见了(disappeared)。] 11．A．serious B．little C．less D．other D　[根据段中的“damage by the raccoons stopped almost completely”可知，除了吃掉这些劣质的玉米，浣熊并没有造成其他的(other)损失。] 12．A．fight B．bother C．scare D．cheer B　[根据“that didn't happen”以及后面介绍的内容可知，作者本以为如果给浣熊提供食物，它们就会得寸进尺，吃更多的庄稼，但实际上并不是这样。] 13．A．begin B．continue C．stop D．delay C　[看到自己的投食办法能够很好地保护庄稼，作者决定不再(stop)使用捕熊的夹子。] 14．A．humans B．plants C．farm D．nature D　[作者通过放置次等的玉米从而很有效地保护了庄稼，这是一种很奇妙的经历。从这件事中，他见证了自然的(nature)神秘。] 15．A．take B．bring C．give D．lose A　[农民们之所以遭受这种损失，是因为他们想独占一切收成。take在此处为“索取”的意思。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$