Unit1 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language My aim in life is to protect the environment for future generations.My wish is to become an environmental consultant after graduation.Many people think that pollution cannot be stopped if we want the country to develop.But that is not true.What I suggest is to cut back on dangerous and dirty waste from factories.Many times, factories which produce a large quantity of goods are to blame for much pollution in the environment.Besides, what people should pay attention to is to purchase products which can be recycled. 各句中的动词不定式(短语)在句中均作表语，表示具体的事情或将要发生的事情。 动词不定式(短语)作表语 一、不定式作表语的意义 动词不定式(短语)作表语相当于名词作表语。它和主语处在同等地位，所指的或是和主语一样的东西，或是主语产生的结果。常常可以将主、表交换位置，句子的意义不变。 1．主语是以aim, suggestion, duty, hope, idea, intention, plan, purpose, the way to do sth等为中心的名词及名词词组时，或者以what引导的名词性分句表示时，一般用动词不定式作表语说明主语的内容。 ①My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. 我的想法是从北面爬这座山。 ②Our plan is to make better use of these materials. 我们的计划是更好地利用这些材料。 ③What I would suggest is to ask your father for his opinion on this matter. 我的建议是就这件事征求你父亲的意见。 ④The best way to encourage your kids to enjoy meals is to involve them in the planning and preparing. 鼓励孩子享受美食的最好方法是让他们参与计划和准备。 2．表示目的。 The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required. 下一步你要确保真正弄清楚需要的是什么。 3．用于被动语态，相当于can/could, should, ought to, must，具有情态意义。 ①The regulations are to be observed.规章制度必须遵守。 (must) ②You are to be rewarded.你应受奖励。(should) ③It's nowhere to be found.哪儿也找不到它。(can) 4．表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、愿望、意愿、禁止”等。 ①They are to marry next week.他们将在下周结婚。(安排) ②You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed. 要想成功，就必须有耐心，有毅力。(劝告) 5．动词不定式(短语)作表语时，可用主动形式表示被动意义。 ①Who is to blame for the fire?谁该对此次火灾负责？ ②The house is to let.该房屋出租。 ③Something is still to find out.有些东西还有待查明。 二、动词不定式(短语)作表语省略to的情况 动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但在以下几种情况下可省略不定式符号to： 1．all作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。 All we need to do is live each day with hope. 我们需要做的就是满怀希望地过好每一天。 2．what引导的从句作主语，从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。 What I want to do is take a holiday right away. 我想马上就去度假。 3．主句主语被 only, first, one, last或形容词最高级修饰，且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。 Before bedtime in the evening the only thing he did was read the newspaper. 晚上睡前他唯一做的就是看报纸。 ————即学即练1———— 完成句子 ①我们计划下周完成这项工作。 Our plan is to finish the work next week． ②我的英语老师即将离开中国。 My English teacher is to leave China soon． ③最重要的是征服你自己。 The most important thing to do is (to) conquer yourself． ④我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。 What I want to do most in senior high is (to) improve my English． 三、动词不定式(短语)作表语和动词­ing形式(短语)作表语的联系和区别 1．动词不定式(短语)和动词­ing形式(短语)作表语时，要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致，即若句子的主语为动词­ing形式(短语)，则表语也应使用动词­ing形式(短语)；若主语为动词不定式(短语)，则表语也应使用动词不定式(短语)。 To see is to believe. ＝Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 2．动词不定式(短语)和动词­ing形式(短语)作表语时可换用，但以下情况除外： (1)当动词所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，通常用动词不定式(短语)作表语。 Her best wish is to put her new ideas into practice. 她最大的愿望是将自己的新想法付诸实践。 (2)若动词所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容，则通常用动词­ing形式(短语)作表语。 ①My favourite sport is swimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。 ②What I hate most is being laughed at.我最痛恨的就是被嘲笑。 ————即学即练2———— 单句语法填空 ①To do two things at a time is to do (do)neither. ②The flowers look especially charming (charm) after the rain. ③Its goal is to make (make) sure all children have a chance for education. ④It feels quite refreshing (refresh) to take a bath after work. investment n．投资额；投资；(时间、精力的)投入 (1)investment in... 在……上的投资 make an investment in 对……投资 (2)invest vt.& vi.投资；投入 vt.授予 invest...in... 投资……到…… invest sb/sth with sth 把……授予……；使似乎具备某种性质 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①When we select boots, fine­quality leather will be a wise investment (invest)． ②This country needs to invest more money in national defence industry. ③The singer invested her song with a sadness, making it different from others. ④投资教育必将给我们带来丰硕成果。 Making an investment in education is bound to yield great results. criticise vi.& vt.批评；指责；评价 (1)criticise sb for sth 因为某事而批评某人 be criticised by sb 受到某人批评 (2)criticism n．批评；指责；评论 under criticism 受批判 beyond criticism 无可非议 (3)critical adj.批判的；挑剔的；关键的 (4)critic n．批评家；评论家 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Health experts criticised them severely for selling food that makes people fat. ②The nurse is caring，considerate and kind to patients, and her conduct was beyond criticism (criticise)． ③那个淘气的男孩因打破窗户而受到班主任的批评。 The naughty boy was criticised by his headteacher for breaking the window. (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每题2分，共20分) 1．One of the ways to improve your spoken English is to practice (practice) it for half an hour every morning. 2．When she was young, her dream was to become (become) a singer. 3．The organisation has been criticised for not taking the problem seriously. 4．The purpose of education is to develop (develop) a fine personality in children. 5．What I want to do is (to) express (express) my thanks for you to offer me the job, which gives me a chance to develop myself. 6．The city government plans to increase its investment (invest) in public medical care. 7．The engine just won't start.Something seems to have gone (go) wrong with it. 8．What I would suggest is to put (put) off the meeting due to the terrible weather. 9．He became famous as an inventor of astonishing visual (vision) and aural effects. 10．The building is attractive because of its special arched (arch) gates. Ⅱ.语法与写作(每题4分，共20分) 1．他希望能被这所大学录取。 What he hoped was to be admitted into the university． 2．减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是跟你信任的人谈谈你的情感。 One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust. 3．拍摄视频日志最重要的一点在于讲一个好故事。 The most important thing about vlogging is to tell a good story． 4．这次活动的目的是唤醒学生保护环境的意识。 The purpose of the activity is to arouse the students' awareness of protecting the environment. 5．此次事故我应负责任，因此，我写信向您道歉。 I am to blame for the accident and hence, I am writing to apologize to you. Ⅲ.语法与语篇(每题1分，共10分) I have a close friend, whose ambition is 1.to work (work) in the computer industry when he grows up.The first thing he plans to do now is 2.to study (study) hard.But he has some difficulty in 3.learning (learn) English. So he turns to his consultant, whose duty is 4.to assist (assist) students to solve the problems.The woman seems 5.to understand (understand) him thoroughly.Her suggestion is that he 6.should do (do) more reading, which will benefit him a lot.It's no use 7.saying (say) without action.Following this suggestion, what he decides to do is 8.(to) search (search) for some reading materials and form a habit of 9.reading (read)．Now everything seems 10.to be (be) all right, and he begins to enjoy his study and becomes confident. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分，共20分) A Chinese traditional painting and dance are two vital parts of the art world.But what about when they meet each other? A dance drama titled Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting (《只此青绿》) was staged on CCTV's Spring Festival Gala and went viral. According to CCTV, this poetic dance program was inspired by the 900­year­old Chinese painting A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains (《千里江山图》)．Created by Song Dynasty painter Wang Ximeng at about 18, the painting is amazing in its sweeping size, rich coloration and the expressive details, reported CCTV.It shows a Chinese blue­green landscape：“mountains and groupings of infinite rise and fall between cloudless sky and rippling water”． When the dancers moved elegantly, audiences seemed to be looking at the moving mountains and rivers.“It brings me a pure experience of beauty.It is not only a drama but also an ‘exhibition’．Vast mountains and rivers are coming to life！”Internet user Mo Weisha wrote in a review.“More than a thousand years later, green mountains and rivers still wow people as they did long ago.” Some people even decided to watch the dance again when it was staged in the theaters later.In fact, in recent years, more and more modern shows highlight Chinese traditional culture and have received warm welcome.As for why, it is due to people's great love for traditional culture. “The younger generations have grown up with a more open mindset.They embrace Chinese culture and are proud of it.”Yao Wei, director of Henan TV Station's Innovation Center, told China Daily. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章以舞剧《只此青绿》为例阐述了近年来中国传统文化节目越来越受欢迎的事实。因为人们对传统文化更乐于接受，年轻人也越来越为中国传统文化感到自豪。 1．What is the function of Paragraph 1 in the passage? A．To present a common phenomenon. B．To arouse readers' interest. C．To describe the art world. D．To introduce the topic. D　[推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Chinese traditional painting and dance are two vital parts of the art world.But what about when they meet each other? (中国传统绘画和舞蹈是艺术界的两个重要组成部分。但是当它们相遇时会怎么样呢？)”结合第二段内容“A dance drama titled Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting (《只此青绿》) was staged on CCTV's Spring Festival Gala and went viral.(一部名为《舞蹈诗剧：只此青绿》的舞蹈剧在中央电视台的春节联欢晚会上上演并且广为传播。)”可推断，第一段以问题的形式引出文章的主题，故选D。] 2．What can we learn about the painting A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains from the text? A．It was painted in several bright colors. B．It shows natural beauty vividly. C．It was created over a thousand years ago. D．It is of small size but includes great details. B　[推理判断题。根据第三段可知，《只此青绿》的灵感来源于有900年历史的中国画《千里江山图》。这幅画由宋朝画家王希孟创作，以其巨大的体积、丰富的自然色彩和富于表现力的细节给人留下深刻印象。它展示了一幅中国蓝绿色的土地图片：群山起伏在万里无云的天空和涟漪阵阵的水面之间。由此可知，《千里江山图》生动地展示了自然美。故选B。] 3．Why are shows about Chinese traditional culture becoming popular according to Yao Wei? A．People are more open to traditional culture. B．People are happy to see new forms of art. C．Chinese culture has been spreading around the world. D．People have gained more access to traditional culture. A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，河南电视台创新中心主任姚玮接受《中国日报》采访时表示：“年轻一代以一种更开放的心态长大。他们欣然接受中国文化，并为此感到自豪。”由此可知，姚玮认为中国传统文化的节目越来越受欢迎，是因为人们更加乐于接受传统文化。故选A。] 4．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Passion for Chinese Traditional Painting B．Art Coming Alive Through Dance C．Beauty Presented in Poetic Dance D．Highlights in Traditional Chinese Culture B　[标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，文章以舞剧《只此青绿》阐述了中国传统文化节目越来越受欢迎，人们对传统文化更加乐于接受，年轻人为中国传统文化感到自豪。因此推断B项“艺术通过舞蹈活跃起来。”为最佳标题，概况了文章的主旨。故选B。] B The laborious process of tracing out our thoughts, letter by letter, on the page is becoming a relic of the past in our screen­dominated world.But giving up this slower, more tactile (触知的) way of expressing ourselves may come at a significant cost. Both handwriting and typing involve moving our hands and fingers to create words on a page.But handwriting, it turns out, requires a lot more fine­tuned coordination (协调) between the motor and visual systems.Holding a pen skillfully enough to write is a complicated task, as it requires your brain to continuously monitor the pressure that each finger applies to the pen.Then, your motor system has to delicately modify that pressure to re­create each letter of the words in your head on the page.That's not true for typing.To type “tap” your fingers doesn't have to trace out the form of the letters—they just make three relatively simple and uniform movements. The clearest consequence of screens and keyboards replacing pen and paper might be on kids' ability to learn the building blocks of literacy—letters.In kids, these visually demanding, fine motor actions, like tracing out ABCs, bake in nervous communication patterns that are really important for learning later on.Ditching (放弃) handwriting instruction could mean that those skills don't get developed as well, which could impair kids' ability to learn down the road. For adults, one of the main benefits of writing by hand is that it simply forces us to slow down.During a meeting or lecture, you can't write everything down if you take notes by hand, which forces you to process the information, writing key words or phrases and using drawing or arrows to work through ideas.You make the information your own, which helps it stick in the brain. However, we don't have to ditch digital tools to embrace the power of handwriting.So far, research suggests that writing with a stylus (手写笔) on a screen activates the same brain pathways as that with ink on paper.It's the movement that counts, not its final form. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在以屏幕为主宰的时代，书写正在成为过去，但其实书写具有打字所没有的好处。 5．What is the current situation of writing on paper? A．It's becoming outdated. B．It's dominating the world. C．It's at risk of disappearing. D．It's more costly than ever. C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The laborious process of tracing out our thoughts, letter by letter, on the page is becoming a relic of the past in our screen­dominated world.(在屏幕主导的世界里，逐字逐句地在页面上记述我们想法的艰苦过程正在成为过去的遗迹。)”可知，在纸上书写的方式正在消失。故选C。] 6．How does the writer support his argument in Paragraph 2? A．By making comparisons. B．By giving definitions. C．By drawing conclusions. D．By introducing evidences. A　[推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，手写需要运动和视觉系统之间更精细的协调。熟练地握笔写字是一项复杂的任务，因为它需要你的大脑不断监测每个手指对笔的压力。然后，你的运动系统必须巧妙地调整压力，在页面上重新创建你脑海中的每个单词。打字不是这样的，你的手指不必找出字母的形式——它们只需要做三个相对简单而均匀的动作。作者比较了手写和打字两种形式的不同，由此可知，这里使用了比较的方式。故选A。] 7．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “bake in” in Paragraph 3? A．Stick in. B．Break up. C．Melt away. D．Warm up. A　[词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知，放弃手写指导会使得一些技能无法培养起来，影响到神经交流模式的发展，可得出神经交流模式的发展与手写能力有关，说明像手写这样视觉要求很高的精细运动动作，其影响嵌入了以后对学习非常重要的神经交流模式的发展中，bake in在这里意为“内置；嵌入”与stick in“把……放入”意思接近。故选A。] 8．What does the author intend to show in the last paragraph? A．The value of digital tools. B．The impact on brain pathways. C．The significance of writing by hand. D．The difference between screen and paper. C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，研究表明，在屏幕上用手写笔写字会激活与在纸上用墨水写字相同的大脑通路。重要的是运动，而不是它的最终形式。由此可推断出，作者认为我们不需要抛弃数字工具，无论是在屏幕上还是纸上，手写都对人有好处，强调了手写的意义。故选C。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每题2分，共10分) Art is all around us.It can be found everywhere, including fancy galleries, people's living rooms, and on the sides of buildings.So, why is art important? It promotes expression and creativity.As humans, we're naturally drawn to art as a form of expression and communication.1. It's a way for them to express themselves before they're able to speak.In fact, participation in the arts may even assist kids with language, motor skills, and visual learning development. 2． When someone applies for a job, there are certain skills they need to have like data analysis or bookkeeping.However, many employers also understand the very important need for the skills which are hard to measure and often difficult to define.Some examples include a person's ability to adapt to change, think creatively, or collaborate with team members. It provides historical context.3. This is why people dedicate their lives to studying cave art, Shakespearean plays, and so much more.When we take the time to dive into art created in the past, we can learn about other generations and eras.We can study art to find out what those before us were facing and how they overcame it.4. In therapy (疗法) settings, art also provides an opportunity for digging deeper and expressing emotions that are difficult to discuss.5. In one important study, children between 6 and 12 were asked to draw a house as a distraction after thinking about something upsetting.This group was able to improve their mood when compared with children who were instructed to draw the negative event or simply copy another drawing. A．These are its major benefits. B．Children love to draw, sing, and dance. C．Art and human history go hand­in­hand. D．How does it have an impact on our life? E．It helps all of us develop necessary soft skills. F．It can help people handle both their past and present problems. G．Similarly, future generations will learn about our current events by the art we leave behind. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章向人们解释了艺术的重要性，并通过举例说明了艺术对于人的积极作用。艺术具有提高人的表达能力和创造力的作用，又可以帮助我们了解前人所处的时代，还可以帮助孩子调节情绪。 1．B　[上文“It promotes expression and creativity.As humans, we're naturally drawn to art as a form of expression and communication.”说明艺术能促进表达和创造力。作为人类，艺术作为一种表达和交流的形式，自然会吸引我们。下文“It's a way for them to express themselves before they're able to speak.In fact, participation in the arts may even assist kids with language, motor skills, and visual learning development.(这是在他们能够说话之前，让他们表达自己的一种方式。事实上，参与艺术活动甚至可以帮助孩子发展语言、运动技能和视觉学习。)”可知，空处应该是儿童用艺术表达自己的具体方式，而B项“Children love to draw, sing, and dance.(孩子们喜欢画画、唱歌和跳舞。)”为儿童表达自己的具体方式。符合题意，故选B项。] 2．E　[根据下文可知，此段主旨是讲艺术对于这些技能的作用，E项“It helps all of us develop necessary soft skills.(它帮助我们所有人发展必要的软技能。)”是介绍艺术对于人的技能发展的作用，符合题意，故选E项。] 3．C　[上文“It provides historical context.(它提供了历史背景。)”以及下文“This is why people dedicate their lives to studying cave art, Shakespearean plays, and so much more.(这就是为什么人们致力于研究洞穴艺术、莎士比亚戏剧等等。)”可知，空处应该是讲艺术对于人类历史的作用。C项“Art and human history go hand­in­hand(艺术和人类历史是携手并进的。)”符合题意，故选C项。] 4．G　[上文“We can study art to find out what those before us were facing and how they overcame it.(我们可以通过研究艺术作品来了解我们的祖先们曾面临过什么，以及他们是如何克服的。)”可知，艺术具有让人预知未来的作用。G项“Similarly, future generations will learn about our current events by the art we leave behind.(同样，我们的后代也将通过我们留下的艺术来了解当前的事件。)”与上文意思相互承接，符合题意，故选G项。] 5．F　[根据上文可知，在治疗中，艺术也提供了一个更深层次挖掘和表达难以讨论的情感的机会。根据下文可知，该段讲的是艺术对于情感的调节作用。F项“It can help people handle both their past and present problems.(它可以帮助人们处理他们过去和现在的问题。)”符合题意，故选F项。] Ⅲ.语法填空(每题2分，共20分) New Year pieces, an ancient Chinese folk art, are well­known.The Chinese people have the custom of sticking up pictures 1. (celebrate) the traditional Spring Festival.This dates from the Song Dynasty.The custom is 2. (particular) popular in the vast countryside, 3. every household will be busy cleaning the whole house and sticking 4. (color) pictures or paper cuttings on their doors, windows, walls, and stoves. Traditional New Year pictures, usually 5. (create) by the block printing method, are famous for simple lines, brilliant colors and scenes of prosperity.The method 6. (consist) of several steps: drawing, block engraving, printing, and coloring.The finished pictures, therefore, have the features of both woodcut prints and Chinese paintings, 7. (make) a special branch in traditional folk art. The themes expressed in New Year pictures cover a wide range, from plump babies holding a fish to the Old God of Longevity, from landscapes to birds and flowers, from the ploughing cattle in spring to rich harvests in autumn.Human figures often show artistic exaggeration (夸张), but 8. message in all pictures is always good luck, 9. (happy) or other nice things in the wish of the people.10. the improvement of printing technologies, there are more and more new materials for New Year pictures. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章讲述了年画作为一种古老的中国传统艺术的制作过程以及它蕴含的丰富内涵。 1．to celebrate　[考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人有贴画来庆祝传统春节的习俗。分析句子可知，动词celebrate和句子之后的其他成分一起充当目的状语，需要用动词不定式。故填to celebrate。] 2．particularly　[考查副词。句意：这种风俗在广大的农村地区特别流行，每家每户都忙着打扫房子，在门、窗、墙和炉子上贴上彩色图画或剪纸。空格后面popular是形容词，修饰形容词需要用副词，需要将particular改成particularly来修饰popular。故填particularly。] 3．where　[考查定语从句。句意：这种风俗在广大的农村地区特别流行，每家每户都忙着打扫房子，在门、窗、墙和炉子上贴上彩色图画或剪纸。分析句子可知，此处应用非限定性定语从句，先行词是 the vast countryside，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故填where。] 4．colorful　[考查形容词。句意：这种风俗在广大的农村地区特别流行，每家每户都忙着打扫房子，在门、窗、墙和炉子上贴上彩色图画或剪纸。空格后的单词pictures(图画)是名词，修饰名词需要用形容词，需要把名词color改成形容词colorful。故填colorful。] 5．created　[考查非谓语动词。句意：传统的年画，通常是用木版印刷的方法创作的，以线条简单、色彩鲜艳和场面繁荣著称。分析句子结构，本句已经有系动词are, 因此create不能充当谓语成分。主语New Year pictures和动词create之间是动宾关系，所以需要用过去分词，将create改成created，充当后置定语。故填created。] 6．consists　[考查主谓一致。句意：该方法包括几个步骤：绘图、版画、印刷和着色。短语consist of表示“由……组成”；句子的主语The method是单数，谓语动词用单数。故填consists。] 7．making　[考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，成品画兼具木刻版画和中国画的特点，成为传统民间艺术的一个特殊分支。分析句子结构，句子中已有谓语动词have, make与其逻辑主语 The finished pictures之间是主动关系，所以make需要用现在分词making作状语。故填making。] 8．the　[考查定冠词。句意：画中的人物经常会展现艺术的夸张感，但是所有的图画所传达的信息都是好运、幸福和其他人们所期盼的美好的事情。分析句子可知，此处应该用冠词，特指“大家都有共识的信息”，因此需要用定冠词the。故填the。] 9．happiness　[考查名词。句意：画中的人物经常会展现艺术的夸张感，但是所有的图画所传达的信息都是好运、幸福和其他人们所期盼的美好的事情。分析句子结构，空格处前面是名词luck，空格后是并列连词or和名词词组other nice things，可知空格处需要用名词。形容词happy需改成happiness。故填happiness。] 10．With　[考查介词。句意：伴随着印刷技术的提升，用于新年图画的新材料也越来越多。分析句子，此处需要用介词with加名词成分，起到伴随作用。故填With。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$