课文助读（9）Unit5 Reading and Thinking-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义晨背晚默（人教版2019）

课文助读(九)　Reading and Thinking 教材原文助读 ◎ ①convey feelings表达感情 ②sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛；伤心事vi.感到悲伤 ③distinctive characteristics 显著特点 ④economical adj.节约的 ⑤vivid language生动的语言 ⑥imagery n．形象的描述；意象；像 ⑦literary adj.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的 ⑧simile n．明喻 ⑨metaphor n．暗喻；隐喻 ⑩rhyme n．押韵词；押韵的短诗 vi.& vt.(使)押韵 ⑪rhythm n．节奏；韵律；规律 ⑫express oneself 表达自己的想法 ⑬nursery adj.幼儿教育的n.托儿所；保育室 nursery rhyme童谣；儿歌 ⑭folk adj.民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的 folk songs民歌 folk tales民间故事 ⑮to the point中肯，扼要；切题 off the point跑题 ⑯make sense讲得通；有道理；是明智的 ⑰contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 ⑱recite vt.背诵；吟诵；列举 ⑲mockingbird n．嘲鸫(美洲鸣禽，能模仿别种鸟的鸣叫) ⑳diamond n．钻石；金刚石；菱形 turn to(使)变成；(使)转向 brass n．黄铜；黄铜制品；铜管乐器 billy goat 公山羊 pull vt.拉；拖 bull n．公牛 contain vt.包含；容纳；含有 a list of一系列 description n．描写 flexible adj.灵活的 repeated adj.重复的；反复发生的 pattern n．模式 dewdrop n．露珠；水珠 dawn n．黎明；开端；萌芽 at dawn黎明时分 bee n．蜜蜂 clover n．三叶草 butterfly n．蝴蝶 lawn n．草坪，草地 mostly adv.主要地；一般地；通常 cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的 amateur n．业余爱好者 adj.业余的；业余爱好的 cinquain n．五行诗 be made up of由……组成(构成) (＝consist of＝be composed of) mood n．情绪；心情；语气 athletic adj.运动的 tease vi.& vt.取笑(某人)；揶揄；逗弄 haiku n．俳句 syllable n．音节 format n．格式；总体安排；(出版物的)版式 vt.格式化 respectively adv.分别；各自；依次为 respective adj.分别的；各自的 delicate adj.精美的；精致的；脆弱的 blossom n．花朵；花簇 in particular尤其，特别 await vt.等候；期待；将发生在 transform vi.& vt.转化，转换；改造，变换 transform...into...把……变成 revolve vi.旋转；环绕；转动 utter vt.出声；说；讲 adj.完全的；十足的；彻底的 to one's utter amazement令某人大吃一惊的是 eventually adv.最后；终于 of one's own某人自己的 ◎ A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS There are various reasons [1]why people compose poetry．Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader's mind.Others try to convey certain feelings① such as joy and sorrow②.The distinctive characteristics③ of poetry often include economical④ use of words，descriptive and vivid language⑤， integrated imagery⑥， literary⑦ devices such as similes⑧ and metaphors⑨， and arrangement of words，lines，rhymes⑩， and rhythm⑪.Poets use many different forms of poetry [2]to express themselves⑫.Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms. [1]画线部分是why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词reasons。 [2]动词不定式短语to express themselves在句中作目的状语。 [3]Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery⑬ rhymes.They are usually the traditional poems or folk⑭ songs.The language of these rhymes，like Poem A，is to the point⑮ but has a storyline.[4]Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme，have a strong rhythm，and often repeat the same words.The poems may not make sense⑯ and even seem contradictory⑰，but they are easy to learn and recite⑱.By playing with the words in nursery rhymes，children learn about language. [3]本句的主干是Some of the first poems are nursery rhymes；其中a young child learns in English是定语从句，修饰先行词poems。 [4]本句中 because引导原因状语从句，从句中有三个并列的谓语动词，分别是rhyme，have和repeat。 A Hush，little baby，don't say a word， Papa's gonna buy you a mockingbird⑲. If that mockingbird won't sing， Papa's gonna buy you a diamond⑳ ring. If that diamond ring turns to㉑ brass㉒, Papa's gonna buy you a looking glass. If that looking glass gets broke， Papa's gonna buy you a billy goat㉓. If that billy goat won't pull㉔， Papa's gonna buy you a cart and bull㉕. [5]One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”，which contains㉖ a list of㉗ things，people，ideas，or descriptions㉘ that develop a particular theme.[6]List poems have a flexible㉙ line length and repeated㉚ phrases which give both a pattern㉛and a rhythm to the poem.Some rhyme (like B and C)，[7]while others do not． [5]句中which引导非限制性定语从句，对the “list poem”进行补充说明；that develop a particular theme为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词descriptions。 [6]List poems have...phrases是主句，定语从句which give both...the poem修饰先行词a flexible line length and repeated phrases，which在从句中作主语。 [7]while在此处用作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，用于对比两件事物。 B Only One Mother Hundreds of stars in the pretty sky， Hundreds of shells on the shore together， Hundreds of birds that go singing by， Hundreds of lambs in the sunny weather. Hundreds of dewdrops㉜ to greet the dawn㉝， Hundreds of bees㉞ in the purple clover㉟， Hundreds of butterflies㊱ on the lawn㊲， But only one mother the wide world over. George Cooper C LIFE Life can be good， Life can be bad， Life is mostly㊳ cheerful㊴， but sometimes sad Life can be dreams， Life can be great thoughts Life can mean a person， Sitting in court. [8]Another simple form of poem that amateurs㊵ can easily write is the cinquain㊶，which is made up of㊷ five lines.With these，you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood㊸ in just a few words.Look at the example [D]. [8]本句的主干是Another simple form of poem is the cinquain；that amateurs can easily write是定语从句，修饰先行词Another simple form of poem；which is made up of five lines是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The cinquain。 D Brother Beautiful，athletic㊹ Teasing㊺, shouting，laughing Friend and enemy too Mine Haiku㊻ is a Japanese form of poetry [9]that consists of 17 syllables㊼．It has a format㊽ of three lines，[10]containing 5，7，and 5 syllables respectively㊾．It is not a traditional form of English poetry，but is very popular with English writers.[11]It is easy to write and，like the cinquain，can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words.The haiku poem [E] on the right is a translation from Japanese，[12]which shows a moment in the life of a delicate㊿ butterfly． [9]that consists of 17 syllables是定语从句，修饰先行词a Japanese form of poetry。 [10]画线部分是动词­ing形式短语containing...respectively作定语，修饰名词短语a format of three lines。 [11]It is easy to write中的动词不定式to write是主动形式表示被动意义；using very few words是动词­ing形式短语作方式状语。 [12]画线部分是which引导的非限制性定语从句，对the haiku poem进行补充说明。 E A fallen blossom Is coming back to the branch. Look，a butterfly! English speakers also enjoy poems from China，those from the Tang Dynasty in particular.A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English，such as this one [F]. F Where she awaits her husband On and on the river flows. Never looking back， Transformed into stone. Day by day upon the mountain top， wind and rain revolve. [13]Should the traveller return， this stone would utterB56 speech. Wang Jian [14]With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，you may eventuallyB57 want to write poems of your ownB58.Give it a try! [13]本句是虚拟条件句，表示对未来不可能发生的事情的假设。主句用would do，从句用should do，从句中should提前构成倒装句。 [14]With so many different forms of poetry to choose from是with复合结构(即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”)，在句中作状语，动词不定式短语to choose from作宾语补足语。 ◎ 英文诗歌的几种简单形式 人们写诗的原因多种多样。有的诗歌讲述一个故事，有的在读者心中描绘出一个意象，还有的诗歌则试图传达特定的情感，如喜悦和悲伤。诗歌的显著特点通常包括：用词简洁；语言描述生动、形象；具备整合的意象；使用明喻和暗喻等文学手法；词、行、韵、节奏等编排有序。诗人们使用许多不同的诗歌形式来表达自己。现在，我们来看看几个较为简单的诗歌形式。 孩童最初学会的一些英文诗歌就是童谣。它们大多是传统诗歌或民谣。这些童谣(如诗歌A)的语言简单明了，但是带有故事情节。许多孩子喜欢童谣，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，而且往往重复一些字眼。这些童谣也许没有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易学习和背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，儿童学习了语言。 A 嘘嘘，小宝贝，别说话， 爸爸给你买只嘲鸫， 嘲鸫，不唱歌， 爸爸给你买枚钻石戒， 钻石戒，变黄铜， 爸爸给你买面小镜子， 小镜子，打碎了， 爸爸给你买只公山羊， 公山羊，不肯拉， 爸爸给你买架牛拉车。 “清单诗”是最简单的诗歌形式之一，它(一般)包含一份有关事物、人物、想法或描述性内容的清单，形成一个特定的主题。清单诗的诗行长度灵活，重复出现的短语赋予诗歌某种模式和节奏。有些清单诗押韵(如诗歌B和诗歌C)，有些则不押韵。 B 只有一个母亲 千百颗星星挂在美丽的天空， 千百颗贝壳遍布悠长的海岸， 千百只鸟儿鸣唱着飞过， 千百只小羊在阳光下穿梭， 千百滴露珠迎接黎明， 千百只蜜蜂在紫三叶草中嬉戏， 千百只蝴蝶在草地上起舞， 可只有一个母亲，在这茫茫的世界。 ——乔治·库珀 C 生活 生活可能美好， 生活可能悲伤， 生活常常充满欢乐， 但有时令人沮丧。 生活可能是幻梦一场， 生活可能是伟大理想， 生活也可能是一个人， 独坐在被告席上。 (对于)业余诗人(而言)容易创作的另一种简单诗歌形式是五行诗，它由五个诗行构成。通过这些诗行，你可以用短短几句话就传达出一幅动人的画面或某种心情。请看范例(诗歌D)。 D 兄弟 爱美，又爱运动 爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑 是我的朋友 也是我的敌人 俳句是日本的一种诗歌形式，由17个音节组成。其格式为三行，每行的音节分别是五个、七个和五个。俳句并非传统的英语诗歌形式，但在英国作家中却十分流行。俳句易于创作，而且与五行诗一样，寥寥数语即可展现一个清晰的画面，表达一种特殊情感。右侧的俳句(诗歌E)从日语翻译而来，展示了一只娇弱的蝴蝶生命中的一刻。 E 一朵凋落的花 回到了枝头。 看，是一只蝴蝶！ 英语人士也喜欢中国诗歌，尤其是唐诗。有许多唐诗被翻译成英文，比如这一首诗(F)。 F 望夫处，江悠悠， 化为石，不回头。 山头日日风复雨， 行人归来石应语。 ——王建 有这么多不同的诗歌形式可供选择，你可能最终想自己写几首诗。试一试吧！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$