课文助读（7） Unit4 Reading and Thinking-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义晨背晚默（人教版2019）

课文助读(七)　Reading and Thinking 教材原文助读 ◎ ①expedition n．探险；远征；探险队 ②endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力 endure v．忍耐，容忍 ③of one's day 在某人那个年代 ④diary entry 日记摘录 ⑤vigour (NAmE vigor) n．精力；力量；活力 full of vigour 充满活力 vigorous adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的 ⑥apply to do sth 申请做某事 ⑦turn sb down 拒绝(某人) ⑧qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) be qualified to 能胜任 qualify v．使具有资格；取得……的资格 ⑨enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的 be enthusiastic about 热衷于，对……充满热情 enthusiasm n．热情，热忱 ⑩go along with 和……一起去 ⑪aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) go aboard 上船；上飞机 ⑫cupboard n．橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 ⑬unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地 fortunately adv.幸运地 ⑭set off 出发，动身 ⑮assign vt.分派；布置；分配 assign sb to do sth 指派某人做某事 assignment n．(分派的)工作；任务 ⑯steward n．(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员 stewardess n．(轮船、飞机或火车上的)女乘务员；女服务员 ⑰serve vt.(给某人)提供；端上；服务 ⑱envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌 out of envy出于妒忌 ⑲well and truly 完全地；彻底地 ⑳crush vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎n.拥挤的人群 sink vi.(sank or sunk, sunk)沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没 abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 abandon oneself to...沉湎于……，陷入…… abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 stove n．炉具；厨房灶具 blanket n．毯子 panic v．(使)惊慌 belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产 personal belongings 私人物品 banjo n．班卓琴(乐器) keep one's spirits up 振奋某人的精神 go from bad to worse 每况愈下；越来越糟 miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的 soon after 稍后，不久以后 voyage n．& vi.航海；航行 make a voyage 出海；航行 make it 成功做到 navy n．海军；海军部队 naval adj.海军的；军舰的 feel low 情绪不高 decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的 decently adv.正派地；高雅地 cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的 be interrupted by 被……打断 a rush of 一阵 hold on 坚持 turn into 变成 selfish adj.自私的 good/bad­tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的 genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 genuinely adv.真诚地；诚实地 perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求 resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念 resolution n．决议；解决；坚定 after all 毕竟，终究,　　 ◎ A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE Perce Blackborow joined an expedition① with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance② in 1914.Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day③ and [1]it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions．Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries④. 31 Oct 1914 ...Well, [2]it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition． [1]to be part of his expeditions 是动词不定式短语作真正的主语，it 作形式主语。 [2]it so happened that...意为“碰巧……”，在该句式中it 作形式主语，that 引导的从句是真正的主语。 An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure [3]that I have been dreaming of．And I was ready for it.At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour⑤.However, when I applied to join⑥ the expedition, Shackleton turned me down⑦ [4]because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified⑧．But I was so enthusiastic⑨ about the idea of going along with⑩ them [5]that I secretly went aboard⑪ his ship，the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard⑫.Unfortunately⑬， three days after we set off⑭ I was discovered.Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job, but only after he promised me, “If anyone has to be eaten, then you will be the first！” He assigned⑮ me to be a steward⑯， and I now serve⑰meals for twenty­eight men, three times a day. [3]that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the adventure。从句中have been dreaming of使用了现在完成进行时。 [4]because 引导原因状语从句，其中 I was too young and wasn't qualified 是省略了引导词that 的宾语从句，作动词thought的宾语。 [5]that 引导结果状语从句。 [6]How everyone will envy⑱me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to! 21 Nov 1915 The journey has not been easy.Endurance became stuck in the ice [7]as we approached Antarctica．The ice froze around us and we were well and truly⑲ stuck! We saw the ship get crushed⑳ by the ice.And [8]when the ship sank㉑, our hearts sank with it. [6]how 引导感叹句，其中when 引导时间状语从句，I have been to 是省略了引导词that 或which的定语从句，修饰先行词amazing places。 [7]as引导时间状语从句。 [8]when 引导时间状语从句。 Before we abandoned㉒ the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats, our food, the cook stove㉓, candles, clothes, and blankets㉔.This was no time to panic㉕.We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings㉖, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo㉗.Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up㉘. We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive, but [9]spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt. 20 May 1916 We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse㉙.We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable㉚ place.Soon after㉛ we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1，320 kilometres away—the voyage㉜ was [10]too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it㉝ in our small boats．[11]If Shackleton fails，will we have any hope of rescue? No.No navy㉞ in the world ever stops at Elephant Island, and no one else knows [12]that we are here． [9]该句中用现在进行时表示将来。 [10]该句中含有too...to...结构，意为“太……而不能……”。 [11]if引导真实条件句。 [12]that引导宾语从句，作动词knows的宾语。 I feel lowB35.It's cold and windy.The island has no plants.Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat.Otherwise, there is no food.I try to think of happier things: decentB36 food, warm and dry clothes, a cosyB37 bedroom, sunny days, and my mother's face...However, these happy memories are soon interrupted byB38 a sudden cold rush ofB39 air. I shouted, “Shut the door！” “Hold onB40 now, Perce.Don't you go turning intoB41 another Tom，” came the reply.“We've caught another penguin, so it's penguin soup tonight！” Bless Frank Wild, the kindest man there is after our leader, Ernest Shackleton.[13]How could I become as selfishB42 and bad­temperedB43 as Thomas Orde­Lees! [14]Without Frank and Ernest, we'd all be dead by now.Their genuineB44 concern for others, their perseveranceB45, and their resolveB46 fill me with hope. Perhaps there is a chance we will return home, after allB47. [13]该句是一个how引导的感叹句。 [14]该句是含有without介词短语的隐含的虚拟条件句。 ◎ 一次成功的失败 珀西·布莱克博罗于1914年加入欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“坚忍”号南极探险之旅。沙克尔顿是那个时代最负盛名的探险家之一，参加他的探险活动被视为极大的荣耀。以下是布莱克博罗的几篇日记摘录。 1914年10月31日 ……嗯，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。 跟随伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士前往南极探险——这可是我梦寐以求的冒险之旅啊。而且，我万事俱备。我今年19岁，身体健康，精力充沛。然而，当我申请参加这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍”号轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。不幸的是，在我们出发三天后，我被发现了。沙克尔顿不想掉头，于是他给了我一份工作，但他要我答应他：“如果有人得被吃掉，那么你就是第一个！”他指派我担任服务员，我现在为28名船员供应一日三餐。 当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方，大家该会多么羡慕我啊！ 1915年11月21日 这趟旅程并不轻松。在我们靠近南极时，“坚忍”号卡在了冰里。冰把我们周围都冻住了，我们彻底被卡住了！我们眼睁睁看着轮船被冰摧毁。船沉了，我们的心也跟着下沉。 在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品——小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯。这不是惊慌失措的时候。我们绝大部分的个人物品都被禁止携带，沙克尔顿自己则扔掉了他所有的黄金。然而，令我们惊讶的是，他允许赫西带上他的班卓琴。赫西经常会弹奏班卓琴，以振奋我们的精神。 现在，我们在冰层上扎营，一直在设法生存下来，但是，春天就要来了，冰层很快就会融化。 1916年5月20日 我们已苦苦挣扎多日，但是象岛上的情况越来越糟糕。现在，在这个悲惨之地的岩石海岸，我们挤在一艘小船下。我们来到此处不久之后，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1 320公里之外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助——这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船肯定无法让每个人都到达。如果沙克尔顿失败了，我们还有任何获救的希望吗？没有。全世界没有海军会停靠象岛，也没有其他人知道我们在这里。 我感到十分沮丧。天冷风大。岛上没有任何植物，有时我们能抓到一只海豹或企鹅来充饥。除此以外，没有任何食物。我试着去想让人开心的事情：美味的食物、暖和的干衣服、舒适的卧房、晴朗的天气，还有妈妈的脸庞……然而，这些快乐的回忆很快被突然涌进的一股冷空气打断。 我吼道：“把门关上！” 传来一声回答：“要坚持住啊，珀西。你可不要变成另一个汤姆。”“我们又抓到了一只企鹅，今晚有企鹅汤喝了！” 上天保佑弗兰克·怀尔德，他是除了我们的领队欧内斯特·沙克尔顿之外最和蔼可亲的人。我怎么可以变得像托马斯·奥德利斯那样自私和脾气暴躁呢！ 要不是有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们到现在早就没命了。他们对他人的真诚关怀、他们的毅力以及坚定的信念，让我充满了希望。 毕竟，我们也许还有机会回家。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$