课文助读（5）Unit3 Reading and Thinking-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义晨背晚默（人教版2019）

课文助读（五）　Reading and Thinking 教材原文助读 ◎ ①for decades 几十年 ②graph n．图；图表；曲线图 ③along with 和……一起 主语部分含有along with连接的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。 ④melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化 ⑤provide evidence 提供证据 ⑥dramatic adj.急剧的；戏剧的 a dramatic change 急剧变化 ⑦be shocked by 因……而震惊 ⑧according to 根据，按照 ⑨remain v．剩余，留下，残存 ⑩starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死 starvation n．饥饿；挨饿；饿死 ⑪claim v．宣称；要求；索取 ⑫seal n．海豹 ⑬as before 如以前 ⑭alarming adj.令人担忧的；令人惊恐的 alarmed adj.感到担忧的；感到惊恐的 ⑮have an impact on 对……有影响(＝have an effect on) ⑯ecology n．生态；生态学 ⑰key adj.最重要的，主要的，关键的 ⑱refer to 指的是；参考；涉及；适用于 ⑲release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布 ⑳methane n．甲烷；沼气 carbon n．碳 dioxide n．二氧化物 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 trap vt.使陷入困境；绊住；捕捉 be trapped in...被困在…… habitable adj.适合居住的 sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住 sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的 huge amounts of 大量，许多(＝a huge amount of) fossil n．化石 fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行 fossil fuel化石燃料(如煤或石油) comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的 a comprehensive study 全面研究 comprehensive surveys 综合调查 a comprehensive school一所综合性学校 worldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的 trend n．趋势；趋向；动向 frequently adv.频繁地；经常 frequent adj.频繁的；经常的 broadcast vt.& vi.(broadcast, broadcast)播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目 loss n．损失；遗失；失败 continued adj.继续的，持久的 continue vi.& vt.持续；继续存在；不断发生 continue to do/doing sth继续做某事 emission n．排放物；散发物；排放 result in 导致 long­lasting adj.持久的，长期的 policy n．政策；方针；原则 as individuals 作为个人 footprint n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积 restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚 restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束 responsibility n．责任，职责，义务 It's one's responsibility to do sth做某事是某人的责任 seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制 seize an opportunity抓住机会 issue n．问题；发行物 vt.发行，发布；放出，排出　　 ◎ CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION We have known about climate change for decades①.[1]There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph②)．A warming ocean and atmosphere along with③ melting④ ice and rising sea levels provide evidence⑤ of a dramatic⑥ change in the global climate. [1]本句是复合句。There is little doubt...意为“毫无疑问……”，that 引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。 In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by⑦ a news photo of a dead polar bear [2]that was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard．[3]According to⑧ the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained⑨ of the polar bear was “skin and bones”．[4]An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved⑩ and died.[5]Experts claimed⑪ that low sea­ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals⑫ as before⑬， so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.This alarming⑭ case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on⑮ Earth's ecology⑯. [2]that was found...Svalbard是定语从句，修饰先行词a dead polar bear。 [3]本句是复合句。who found its dead body是定语从句，修饰先行词scientists; that remained of the polar bear是定语从句，修饰先行词all, that不能用which代替。 [4]who has studied...years是定语从句，修饰先行词An expert。 [5]caused by climate change是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词low sea­ice levels。 Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature？[6]Climate scientists often mention a key⑰ climate process called the “greenhouse effect”，which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man­made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to⑱ [7]the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short­wave radiation．The heat is released⑲ back into space at longer wave lengths.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane⑳ and carbon㉑ dioxide㉒，trap㉓ some of the heat, [8]keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable㉔．Without this process, Earth could not sustain㉕ life.However, the “man­made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem.When people produce huge amounts of㉖extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil㉗fuels㉘, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly. [6]本句是复合句。called the “greenhouse effect”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词a key climate process; which has...effect是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the “greenhouse effect”。 [7]that heat...radiation是that引导的同位语从句，解释说明fact的具体内容。 [8]画线部分是动词­ing形式短语作结果状语，warm and habitable是形容词短语作宾语补足语，构成“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。 [9]There is strong and comprehensive㉙ evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide㉚, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend㉛ will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.In fact, news reports are frequently㉜ broadcast㉝ about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves [10]causing deaths and economic losses㉞． [9]本句是复合句。There is...evidence是主句；that the rise...lives是同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容；not only causing...和but also costing...是两个并列的动词­ing形式短语作结果状语。 [10]causing deaths and economic losses是动词­ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语rainstorms and heatwaves。 Continued㉟greenhouse gas emissions㊱ will result in㊲ further warming and long­lasting㊳ changes to the global climate.This requires the attention of people all over the world. [11]Governments need to consider making policies㊴ and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.We as individuals㊵ can also reduce our “carbon footprint㊶”by restricting㊷the amount of carbon dioxide [12]our lifestyles produce．[13]It is our responsibility㊸ to seize㊹ every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue㊺ affecting all of us on this planet.So what will you do to help? [11]本句是简单句。making...和taking...是两个并列的动词­ing形式短语作动词consider的宾语；to reduce...emissions是动词不定式短语作目的状语。 [12]our lifestyles produce是定语从句，省略了关系代词that/which，修饰先行词carbon dioxide。 [13]句中It作形式主语，动词不定式短语to seize every opportunity to educate...作真正的主语；because引导原因状语从句；affecting all...为动词­ing形式作定语，修饰名词issue。 ◎ 气候变化需要全世界的关注 我们了解气候变化已有数十年之久了。毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。海洋和大气变暖，以及冰层融化、海平面上升，都为全球气候急剧变化提供了依据。 2013年，在挪威的北极圈斯瓦尔巴群岛的一个岛上，(人们)发现了一只死亡的北极熊，这张新闻图片令许多人感到震惊。据发现北极熊尸体的科学家说，这只北极熊仅剩“皮包骨头了”。一位长期研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的位置看，这只北极熊像是饿死的。专家称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。这一令人惊恐的案例反映了气温上升对地球生态造成的影响。 那么，到底是什么导致全球平均地表温度上升呢？气候科学家常常会提到一个关键的气候过程——“温室效应”；它有两个常见的含义：“天然”温室效应和“人造”温室效应。“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。这一热量以更长的波长被释放回大气层。大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体吸收了部分热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。然而，“人造”温室效应现在却成为一个大问题。当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气体，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地表温度迅速上升。 充分且全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏而且使人丧命。气候学家已发出警告：如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去，而我们将为此付出更大的代价。事实上，有关极端暴风雨和热浪造成死亡和经济损失的新闻报道已屡见不鲜。 温室气体的持续排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖，并带来持久的变化。这需要全世界人的关注。各国政府需考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施以减少温室气体的排放。作为个人，我们可以通过控制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会，让每个人了解全球变暖，包括其成因和影响，因为这是影响地球上所有人的最严重的问题。那么，你会做些什么来贡献力量呢？ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$