16 课时精练 Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit -【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（译林版2020）

课时精练(十三)　Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) 层级一　过基础　教材核心知识精准练 维度1　根据汉语或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式 1．Her letters record the domestic(家庭的) and social details of diplomatic life in China. 2．I told her that I didn't mind holding a mid­sneeze pose(姿势) for a few minutes. 3．The shareholders are greedy(贪婪的) for profit. 4．They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous(自治的) province. 5．Shortly after suffering from a massive(巨大的) earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look. 6．We visited the ruins of a Norman castle(城堡). 7．If the victims are badly injured，it is vital to send them to the hospital at once. 8．The man was found guilty of murdering his roommates，and was sentenced to death. 维度2　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1．At the beginning of the month，Tom and others were still looking for an alternative to Mary. 2．Their dedication and commitment(commit) to their country and to their job will surely guarantee the future prosperity of China. 3．To prevent the cases of theft，it is urgent(urge) that some safety measures should be taken. 4．Please sit still while you pose_for_your photo. 5．The minister gave a warning(warn) that if war broke out，it would be catastrophic. 6．This is a demanding(demand) job and a small mistake can make a great difference. 7．No one has the right to break into his neighbor's house. 8．I went back to my hometown after 20 years and the city had changed beyond all recognition(recognize). 9．The airport to be completed next year will have the capacity to_handle( handle) 500，000 passengers. 10．Apparently(apparent)，someone has broken into his office and damaged the computer on his desk. 维度3　完成句子 1．他夜以继日地工作，终于实现了当老师的梦想。(come true) He worked day and night，and finally his_dream_of_becoming_a_teacher_came_true． 2．事实上，我们有能力阻止这种疾病的传播。(be capable of) As a matter of fact，we_are_capable_of_preventing_the_disease_from_spreading． 3．听到我们赢得第一名这个消息时，我们多么激动啊！(感叹句) How_excited_we_were at the news that we won first place! 4．虽然网上购物改变了我们的生活，但并不是所有的影响都是积极的。(while) While_online_shopping_has_changed_our_life，not all of its effects have been positive. 5．我不知道如何解决这个问题，所以我别无选择只能向你求助。(alternative) I didn't know how to deal with the problem，so I had_no_alternative_but_to_turn to you for help. 维度4　课文语法填空 Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to create intelligent machines，which are capable 1.of_learning from experience，adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans.In 2.the_ 1940s，the development of computers made AI a 3.reality(real).However，for a long time，AI technology developed very 4.slowly_(slow).In 1997，Deep Blue beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov，which marks a new breakthrough in artificial intelligence.AI is now used in a 5.variety(vary) of fields，such as finance，health care，machine translation and art.In fact，the 6. applications(apply) of AI are unlimited.In short，AI is changing the way we live.It is clear 7.that we are at a turning point in history. However，as AI brings great convenience，it 8.has_brought (bring)us many worries in the past decades. Many people，including some scientists，wonder that AI might be abused by criminals，9. causing(cause)panic and social instability.So researchers are urged 10.to_think(think)about all the possible dangers that AI might cause to us while they are doing research. 层级二　过能力　学科必备素养提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2022·江苏省盐城市高二期中) In a study published in Nature Machine Intelligence，researchers at Ohio State University show how artificial intelligence(AI)can follow clinical trials to identify drugs for repurposing，a solution that can help advance innovative treatments. Repurposing drugs is legal and not unusual. When doctors prescribe(开处方)drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)for purposes different from what is printed on the labels，the drugs are being used “off­label”. Just because a drug is FDA­approved for a specific type of disease does not prevent it from having possible benefits for other purposes. For example，Metformin，a drug that is FDA­approved for treating type 2 diabetes，is also used to treat PCOS(a disease of women)，and other diseases. Trazodone，an anti­depressant with FDA­approval to treat depression，is also prescribed by doctors to help treat patients with sleep issues. The Ohio State University research team created an AI deep learning model for predicting treatment probability with patient data including the treatment，outcomes，and potential confounders(干扰因素). Confounders are related to the exposure and outcome.For example，a connection is identified between music festivals and increases in skin rashes(红疹). Music festivals do not directly cause skin rashes. In this case，one possible confounding factor between the two may be outdoor heat，as music festivals tend to run outdoors when the temperature is high，and heat is a known cause for rashes. When working with real­world data，confounders could number in the thousands. AI deep learning is well­suited to find patterns in the complexity of potentially thousands of confounders. The researcher team used confounders including population data and co­prescribed drugs. With this proof­of­concept，now clinicians have a powerful AI tool to rapidly discover new treatments by repurposing existing medications. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在《自然机器智能》杂志上发表的一项研究中，俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员展示了人工智能(AI)如何能够跟踪临床试验，识别药物标示外的用途，这一解决方案有助于推动创新治疗。 1．What do we know about a drug used off­label? A．It is sold without a label. B．It is available at a low price. C．Its uses extend beyond the original ones. D．Its clinical trials are rejected by doctors. C　[推理判断题。根据文章第二段“When doctors prescribe drugs... from having possible benefits for other purposes.”可知，“标示外”药物的用途超出了原来的用途。故选C。] 2. Metformin and Trazodone are similar as both of them______． A．are used off­label B．treat rare diseases C．result in sleep issues D．are medical breakthroughs A　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“the drugs are being used... having possible benefits for other purposes.”和文章第三段“For example，Metformin，...help treat patients with sleep issues.”可知，二甲双胍和曲唑酮的相似之处是这两种药物都在适应症外使用。 故选A。] 3．What can be inferred about “confounders”？ A．They are possible treatments. B．They are environmental factors. C．They can be easily recognized in real­world data. D．They should be taken into serious consideration. D　[推理判断题。根据文章第五段的“When working with real­world data，...of potentially thousands of confounders.”可知，干扰因素应该被认真地考虑。故选D。] 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．AI examines benefits of existing drugs. B．AI identifies off­label uses for drugs. C．AI finds new drugs for common diseases. D．AI proves the power of drug research. B　[主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In a study published in Nature Machine Intelligence，...can help advance innovative treatments.”再结合下文内容可知，文章主要讲述人工智能识别药物标示外用途。故选B。] B (2022·黑龙江省大庆市高二开学考试) Technology is supposed to make our lives easier，allowing us to do things more quickly and efficiently. But too often it seems to make things harder. This increase in complexity，often called “feature creep，” costs consumers time，but it also costs business money. Product returns in the U．S. cost a hundred billion dollars a year，and a recent study by Elke den Ouden，of Philips Electronics，found that at least half of returned products have nothing wrong with them. Consumers just couldn't figure out how to use them. Companies now know a great deal about problems of usability and consumer behavior，so why is it that feature creep proves unstoppable? In part，feature creep is the product of the so­called internal­audience problem: the people who design and sell product are not the ones who buy and use them，and what engineers and marketers think is important is not necessarily what's best for consumers. The engineers tend not to notice when more options make a product less usable.And marketing and sales departments see each additional feature as a new selling point，and a new way to attract customers. You might think，then，that companies could avoid feature creep by just paying attention to what customers really want. But that's where the trouble begins，because although consumers find overloaded gadgets( 配件)unmanageable，they also find them attractive.It turns out that when we look at a new product in a store we tend to think that the more features there are，the better. It is only once we get the product home and try to use it that we realize the virtues of simplicity. It seems strange that we don't expect feature tiredness and thus avoid it. But，as numerous studies have shown，people are not，in general，good at predicting what will make them happy in the future.As a result，we will pay more for more features because we systematically overestimate how often we'll use them. We also overestimate our ability to figure out how a complicated product works. The fact that buyers want bells and whistles but users want something clear and simple creates an unusual problem for companies. A product that doesn't have enough features may fail to catch our eye in the store.But a product with too many features is likely to annoy consumers. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科技的“功能蔓延”是不可阻挡的，拒绝“功能蔓延”不是一件容易的事情。 5．What does the first paragraph mainly discuss? A．The benefits brought by the advanced technology. B．The recent study conducted by Elke den Ouden. C．The loss caused by the feature creep of technology. D．Many problems of usability known by the consumers. C　[段落大意题。根据第一段内容，特别是“This increase in complexity，often called ‘feature creep，’ costs consumers time，but it also costs business money.”可知，本段主要讲的是技术的“功能蔓延”造成的损失，故C项正确。] 6．Which of the following is TRUE according to the second paragraph? A．It is the audience problem that leads to feature creep. B．What matters to designers and marketers is not good for consumers. C．Feature creep brings blessings to the people in marketing and sales. D．The engineers will not pay attention to the quality of the product. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And marketing and sales departments see each additional feature as a new selling point，and a new way to attract customers.”可知，“功能蔓延”给营销和销售人员带来福音，故C项正确。] 7．What do we know about the buyers in Paragraph 4? A．They are deeply convinced that all the products work in simple way. B．They are fed up with the more and more features of the products. C．They are too confident of their ability to use the complicated products. D．They are quite clear about the products which will make them happy. C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We also overestimate our ability to figure out how a complicated product works.”可知，购买者高估了自己理解复杂产品工作原理的能力，也就是说他们对自己使用复杂产品的能力过于自信，故C项正确。] 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Saying No to Feature Creep is No Easy Thing B．Feature­heavy Products in Demand C．The More Features，the Better D．Simplicity Outweighs Complexity A　[标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“so why is it that feature creep proves unstoppable？”可知，本文从设计者和消费者的角度介绍了科技的“功能蔓延”是不可阻挡的，拒绝“功能蔓延”不是一件容易的事情，故A项正确。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2022 ·广东省汕头市高二期末) Robots have been taking our jobs since the 1960s. However，humans haven't become completely redundant (多余的) because these robots may be very efficient but they're also kind of stupid.They do not think. They just act in very accurate but very limited ways. __1__. They do the jobs the machines can't do and fix them when they get stuck. __2__. This change will be so significant that it will create a new industrial revolution. The era (时代) of “Industry 4.0” is being driven by the same technological advances that enable the abilities of the smartphones in our pockets. It is a mix of low­cost and high­power computers，high­speed communication and artificial intelligence.This will produce smart robots with better sensing and communication abilities. __3__． __4__. Today's industrial artificial intelligence operates at a narrow level，which gives the appearance of human intelligence exhibited by machines，but designed by humans. __5__. Similar to big data analysis，it processes large quantities of data in real time to make decisions about what is the best action to take.The difference is that the machine learns from the data so it can improve its decision­making.A perfect example of deep learning was presented by Google's Alpha Go software，which taught itself to beat the world's greatest Go (围棋) players. A．Humans are still needed to work around robots B．But there is still some way to go C．While these machines are getting smarter，they are still not as smart as us D．What's coming next is known as “deep learning” E．It comes down to the question of what a robot really is F．But this is all set to change，thanks to a new wave of smarter machines that can adapt to multiple tasks G．They can adapt to different tasks，and even organize their work to meet demands without the input of humans 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能虽然取得了一定发展，但终究比不上人类智慧。 1．A　[根据上文“However，humans haven't become...They do not think.”可知，这说明人类仍然被需要，下文“They do the jobs the machines can't do and fix them when they get stuck.”也说明机器人需要人类。故选A项。] 2．F　[下文“This change will be so significant that it will create a new industrial revolution.”中的This change表明此处应该会提到一种改变，选项中的change与下文的This change一致。故选F项。] 3．G　[ 根据上文“This will produce smart robots with better sensing and communication abilities.”可知，此处承接上文，接着讲这种新型智能机器人的先进之处。故选G项。] 4．C　[根据下文“Today's industrial artificial intelligence ...by humans.”可知，人设计机器的人类智能，这说明机器人再怎么智能，也比不过人类智慧。故选C项。] 5．D　[根据本段内容，特别是下文“A perfect example of deep learning was presented by Google's Alpha Go software，which taught itself to beat the world's greatest Go players.”可知，本段主要介绍关于“深度学习”方面的内容，选项中的deep learning与下文中的deep learning一致。故选D项。] Ⅲ.完形填空 It was already 11：00 p．m.，Christmas Eve of 2009. Herman and I locked our store and went home.We were not __1__ because some child's gift was still on the layaway (预约购货) shelf.The person who had put a dollar down on the package never __2__． Early Christmas morning we and our twelve­year­old son，Tom，opened gifts. But there was something dull about this Christmas. Tom was growing up; I __3__ his childish eagerness of past years. And then a strange __4__ suddenly appeared inside.It seemed to be telling me to go to the store.Looking at the icy sidewalk outside，I said to myself，“That's __5__！” But it wouldn't leave me alone.__6__ it was getting stronger. Finally，unable to stand it，I got dressed and __7__ my way to the store. In front stood two boys with no hats or gloves. The younger one's face was wet with __8__，but seeing me，he stopped crying.I immediately __9__ them into the store.“My little brother Jimmy wants __10__. We have these three dollars.” I looked at the money and then their __11__ faces. “I'm sorry，” I said，“but we have no...”. Then the remaining package caught my eye.I __12__ it and there was a pair of skates! What a miracle (奇迹)! And miracle added upon miracle，they were his __13__. They fit well. The older boy __14__ the dollars to me.I refused and said the skates were a Christmas gift for Jimmy. Their smiles stretched wide.What I saw in Jimmy's eyes was pure joy，which was beautiful. My __15__ rose. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在圣诞节的一大清早去了自家的商店，那儿还有一个包裹没有被取走，作者看到两兄弟站在商店门口，哥哥说弟弟想要溜冰鞋，作者打开了那个包裹，刚好是溜冰鞋，作者并没有收钱，送给了那个弟弟当圣诞节礼物。 1．A．optimistic　　　　　　 B．happy C．upset D．afraid B　[由“because some child's gift was still on the layaway(预约购货) shelf”可知，某个孩子的礼物还在分期付款的货架上，所以作者不高兴，故选B。] 2．A．returned B．approved C．engaged D．responded A　[由倒数第二段的“the remaining package”可知，没有人来取包裹，因此是那个在包裹上押了一美元的人再也没有回来，故选A。] 3．A．ignored B．forgot C．anticipated D．missed D　[由“Tom was growing up”可知，汤姆长大了，作者怀念他童年时代的那种渴望，故选D。] 4．A．dream B．trick C．voice D．challenge C　[由后文的“It seemed to be telling me”可知，那是一个声音，故选C。] 5．A．crazy B．scary C．romantic D．natural A　[由上文的“the icy sidewalk outside”可知，外面人行道结冰了，因此要出门是疯狂的，故选A。] 6．A．Generally B．Naturally C．Actually D．Fortunately C　[由后文的“unable to stand it”可知，实际上那个声音越来越强了，故选C。] 7．A．felt B．found C．changed D．struggled D　[由上文的“the icy sidewalk outside”可知，外面道路结冰，所以作者艰难地去了商店，struggle to do意为“挣扎着做某事”，故选D。] 8．A．liquids B．tears C．snow D．sweat B　[由后文的“he stopped crying”可知，弟弟在哭，因此脸是被泪水打湿，故选B。] 9. A．carried B．forced C．hurried D．followed C　[由“them into the store”及上文的“with no hats or gloves”可知，那两兄弟没有戴帽子也没有戴手套，是圣诞节，因此很冷，所以作者立即催促他们进了商店，空格处意为“催促”，故选C。] 10．A．gloves B．miracles C．hats D．skates D　[由后文的“a pair of skates”可知，吉米想要溜冰鞋，故选D。] 11．A．angry B．eager C．awkward D．curious B　[由上文的“My little brother Jimmy wants”可知，他们渴望溜冰鞋，因此是热切的脸，故选B。] 12．A．opened B．moved C．recognized D．approached A　[ 由后文的“there was a pair of skates”可知，作者打开那个包裹，发现有一双溜冰鞋，故选A。] 13．A．discovery B．prize C．welfare D．size D　[由后文的“They fit well”可知，那双溜冰鞋刚好是吉米的尺寸，故选D。] 14．A．promised B．lent C．presented D．owed C　[由后文的“I refused”可知，句子表示“年长的男孩把美元递给我”，空格处意为“递交”，故选C。] 15．A．spirits B．expectations C．strength D．income A　[ 由上文的“What I saw in Jimmy's eyes was pure joy”可知，他们笑容满面，因此作者的情绪也高涨起来，故选A。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$