12 课时精练 Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（译林版2020）

课时精练(十)　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) 层级一　过基础　教材核心知识精准练 维度1　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式 1．I have_been_reading(read) books about positive thinking recently and I will write about it in my article. 2．I'm confident that our team will win the competition because we have_been_working(work) hard for almost a year. 3．It has_been_raining (rain) heavily all day.I wish it would stop soon. 4．The little boy is dirty all over because he has_been_playing (play) in the mud all the morning. 5．Here he is！We have_been_waiting (wait) anxiously for him since last night. 6．Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School，where she has_been_studying (study)English for a year. 7．Now that she is out of job，Lucy has_been_considering (consider) going back to school，but she hasn't decided yet. 8．All these years they have_been_contributing (contribute) articles to our magazine. 9．I think this is the best short story you have_written (write).Why not have it published? 10．Mick took some music lessons during the holidays and now he is_learning (learn) to play the guitar. 维度2　语法与写作 1．自从上周以来一直下雨。 It has_been_raining since last week. 2．我累坏了。整个下午我一直在工作。 I am tired out.I have_been_working the whole afternoon. 3．毫无疑问你工作一直十分努力。 Without doubt，you have_been_working very hard. 4．他看了一天电视了。 He has_been_watching television all day. 5．她的眼睛红了。她一直在哭。 Her eyes are red.She has_been_crying． 维度3　语法与语篇——根据汉语提示完成语段 Scientists 1.have_been_studying(一直在研究) gene technology for decades，and although 2.great_progress_has_been_made(已经取得了很大进步)，many difficult problems remain unsolved.We human beings 3.have_been_finding_ways(一直在寻找方法) to cure various diseases.Although 4.many_ways_have_been_found(找到了很多方法) to cure lots of diseases，there are still many that cannot be cured，such as cancer.We 5.have_been_searching(一直在寻找) for the secret of longevity，and even though people 6.have_been_able_to_live_longer(已经能够活得更长) than ever before，we still hope it even longer. 层级二　过能力　学科必备素养提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2022·河北省唐山市高二期末) A Family of Magazines Take a look at the descriptions below to see which magazine is right for you! Let's Talk in English ●Focus：Everyday conversational English. ●Audience：Suitable for junior high school students who want to improve their conversational English. ●Content：Covers such topics as shopping，work and family in daily American life. Studio Classroom ●Focus：Using practical English to speak on a variety of topics. ●Audience：Suitable for high school students and those beginning to express themselves on various topics in English. ●Content：Covers such topics as current trends，technology，travel，outdoor activities，business，famous people，lifestyle and idioms. Hot English ●Focus：Modern，spoken English in a fun and easy­to­learn form. ●Audience：Suitable for teachers and those preparing for TOEFL and other standard exams. ●Content：Lots of idioms that no one else will teach you，useful English expressions，phrasal verbs.Real English in true contexts. Advanced ●Focus：Expanding knowledge and developing an international perspective. ●Audience：Suitable for graduate students，business people，and advanced level students. ●Content：Articles from a variety of internationally respected magazines are used to discuss topics such as international politics，technology，finance，health and literature. How to Subscribe ●Subscribe online：StudioClassroom eShop ●Subscription Service：(0060)25339123 ●Mail：You can print an order form and mail it to our central office. Sending multiple copies of the form by mail may result in extra charges to your account. To confirm your order，please call at least 7 days after placing it：(0060)25330606. ●In person：Welcome to visit any of our branch offices and subscribe in person. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个杂志，以及如何订阅。 1．Who is Hot English intended for? A．Those who prepare for exams. B．Those who want to be teachers. C．Those who like shopping online. D．Those who learn written English. A　[细节理解题。根据文章Hot English部分的“Audience：Suitable for teachers and those preparing for TOEFL and other standard exams.”可知，Hot English专为准备考试的人准备的，故选A。] 2．Which magazine best suits a sales manager? A．Let's Talk in English. B．Studio Classroom. C．Hot English. D．Advanced. D　[细节理解题。根据文章Advanced部分的“Audience：Suitable for graduate students，business people，and advanced level students.”可知，Advanced适合销售经理，故选D。] 3．How many types of subscription are available? A．4. B．5. C．6. D．7. A　[推理判断题。根据文章How to Subscribe部分中的“Subscribe online，Subscription Service，Mail，In person”可知，文章介绍了四种订阅方式，故选A。] B (2022·福建省漳州高二下月考) Declining mental function is widely regarded as a problem of old age，but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood，a new study suggests. The study，which followed more than 2，000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60，found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning，mental speed and puzzle­solving—started to dull as early as age 27.The dip in memory，meanwhile，generally became apparent around age 37. On the other hand，indicators of a person's accumulated knowledge—like performance on tests of vocabulary—kept improving with age，according to the findings. The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories.Most people's minds function at a high level even in their later years，according to researcher Timothy Salthouse. “These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood，but that the knowledge one has，and the effectiveness of integrating (整合) it with one's abilities，may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no diseases，” Salthouse said. The study included healthy，educated adults who took standard tests of memory and reasoning over a period of seven years.In general，Salthouse and his colleagues found，certain aspects of cognition (认知能力) generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s. The findings threw light on normal age­related changes in mental function，which could aid in understanding the process of dementia (痴呆).“By following individuals over time，” Salthouse said，“we gain insight in cognition changes，and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline.” The researchers are currently analyzing the study participants' health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age­related cognitive changes. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明：大脑功能的某些方面实际上是在年轻时开始衰退的。这项研究可能对减缓我们的智力衰退有帮助。 4．What is the common view of mental function? A．It varies from person to person. B．It gradually expands with age. C．It weakens in one's later years. D．It indicates one's health condition. C　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Declining mental function is widely regarded as a problem of old age，but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood，a new study suggests.”可知，心理功能衰退不仅仅是老年人的问题，一项新的研究表明，大脑功能的某些方面实际上是在年轻时开始衰退，心理功能到老年会更弱。故选C项。] 5．What does the underlined word “dip” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Improvement. B．Decline. C．Difference. D．Breakthrough. B　[词义猜测题。根据上一句“The study，which followed more than 2，000 healthy adults ... mental speed and puzzle­solving—started to dull as early as age 27.”可知，研究表明，某些心理功能，包括抽象推理、思维速度和解谜能力，早在27岁时就开始变得迟钝，由此可推知，第二段中画线词“dip”所在句的意思为“与此同时，记忆力方面的衰退通常在37岁左右变得明显”，即画线词“dip”与B项“Decline(下降)”意思接近。故选B项。] 6．For adults in their 40s，which of the following may improve as they age? A．Their decision­making abilities. B．Their abstract reasoning abilities. C．The sympathy they show people around. D．The amount of knowledge they have. D　[推理判断题。根据第五段“These patterns suggest that ... may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no diseases ”可知，虽然某些类型的心理灵活性在成年后会降低，但是如果人是健康的，他所储备的知识与能力结合起来的有效性会提高。因此，对于40多岁的成年人，会随着年龄的增长而改善的。故选D项。] 7．According to Salthouse，their study may help us ________． A．find ways to improve our memories B．find ways to slow down our mental decline C．understand the complex process of mental functioning D．understand the relation between physical and mental health B　[细节理解题。根据第七段“‘By following individuals over time，’ Salthouse said，‘we gain insight in cognition changes，and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline.’”可知，这项研究通过跟踪个体，观察其随着时期的推移的认知变化，并可能找到减缓衰退速度的方法。故选B项。] C (2022·北京市高二期中) After numerous warnings over the years，you thought coffee probably had a negative effect on your health? Perhaps the drink is not so bad after all. The new study，conducted by the National Cancer Institute (NCI)，has been published and suggests that coffee does not have a harmful effect on your health.Researchers suggest，based on data examined，older adults who drink a lot of coffee，have a lower risk of death when compared to their non­drinking coffee peers. The team of researchers conducting the study analyzed data on 400，000 U．S.men and women，aged 50 to 71 years；the individuals had participated in the NIH­AARP Diet and Health Study.This study started in 1995－1996 and was tracked until the day a participant passed away，or Dec.31，2008. According to a press release on the report，researchers shared that coffee drinkers are “less likely to die from heart disease，respiratory disease，stroke，injuries and accidents，diabetes，and infections，although the association was not seen for cancer.” Results indicated participants that drank three or more cups of java a day reduced their risk of death by 10 percent.Based on the findings that both caffeinated and non­caffeinated coffee found similar results，researchers are thinking caffeine is not the protective ingredient (原料)，although which ingredient in coffee might be，they are not sure. Researchers indicate that despite these observational findings，they caution it is not clear whether or not drinking coffee actually extends life expectancy. “Coffee is one of the most widely consumed drinks in America，but the association between coffee consumption and risk of death has been unclear.We found coffee consumption to be associated with lower risk of death overall，and of death from a number of different causes，” said Neal Freedman，Ph.D.，Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics，NCI. “Although we cannot infer a relationship between coffee drinking and lower risk of death，we believe these results do provide some comfort that coffee drinking does not adversely affect health，” Freedman said. Dr. Cheryl Williams，a registered dietician，told ABC News，“Overall，more research needs to be done to truly understand the compounds in coffee and their biological activity and effect on health，” said Williams. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新的研究表明，咖啡对人体健康没有副作用。 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．Medical benefits of coffee. B．Benefits of planting coffee. C．Coffee's negative effects on health. D．New study results on coffee. D　[主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The new study，conducted by the National Cancer Institute (NCI)，has been published and suggests that coffee does not have a harmful effect on your health.”及全文可知，文章主要介绍的是关于咖啡的新研究结果。故选D。] 9．What can we learn from the passage? A．Drinking coffee can help reduce the risk of death from some diseases. B．People rely heavily on coffee drinking and that proves to be a problem. C．People who often drink coffee are more likely to suffer different diseases. D．Caffeine is the very ingredient which protects people from developing diseases. A　[推理判断题。根据文章第四段“According to a press ... although the association was not seen for cancer.”可推断，咖啡可以帮助减少很多疾病的死亡风险。故选A。] 10．What does the underlined word “java” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．Caffeine. B．Ingredient. C．Coffee. D．Drink. C　[词义猜测题。根据文章第五段画线词后句“Based on the findings that both caffeinated and non­caffeinated coffee found similar results ”可知，此处谈到的是喝咖啡。java为美国俚语，意为“咖啡”。故选C。] 11．What can we infer from Williams' words? A．People should drink more caffeinated coffee. B．People should analyze the cause of human death. C．People should take advantages of drinking coffee. D．People should carry out more related and effective studies. D　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Dr.Cheryl Williams，a registered dietician，told ... effect on health，’ said Williams.”可推断，威廉姆斯博士认为人们应该开展更多相关和有效的研究。故选D。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2022·福建省南平市高二期末) Stress­eating happens when you're not hungry and eating more than necessary to be full.Often，we're piling on the junk food.As a result，gaining weight，illnesses and low self­confidence can all occur due to stress­eating.__1__ Here are some tips. Exercise When you feel like reaching for a snack when you know you're not hungry，try to change that energy into exercising.__2__ Not only will the sunshine and exercise make you feel good and lessen feelings of pain and stress，you'll also have some time to think about what's behind your urge to eat.Exercise can help you get clear and find a solution to your problem. Write Down Your Feelings When stress is kicking in and you're reaching for junk food，stop and reach for a journal，your phone or computer instead.Open up a writing space and begin to examine what is causing your stress.Think of ways you can address your problem head on.Write out what it is you want to say.__3__ If not，drink some more water and a handful of blueberries and keep writing. Discover New Hobbies __4__ Starting a fun and enjoyable hobby can help you manage stress and hardships in other areas of life，giving you more energy and a renewed sense of hope when it's time to deal with those problems.Before you know it，you'll be having more fun，enjoying life more and better equipped to handle stress in a healthy way.__5__ A．Give it a shot and try something new. B．Explore what you love to do and do it often. C．But how can we stop stress­eating right now? D．Get up from your desk and take a walk outside. E．You can listen to music or do sports to relax yourself. F．By the time you finish，your unhealthy desires should be gone. G．Take some time on Sunday and plan out what you're going to do for the week. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何阻止压力饮食提出自己的几点建议，如锻炼、记录你的心情等等。 1．C　[根据后句 “Here are some tips.”可知，前句为提出一个问题，C选项与后句逻辑一致，故选C。] 2．D　[根据本段的小标题可知本段的建议是锻炼，根据前句“When you feel like reaching for a snack when you know you're not hungry，try to change that energy into exercising.”可知后句应为锻炼的具体举例，D选项正是锻炼的一种形式，故选D。] 3．F　[根据空格后句 “If not，drink some more water and a handful of blueberries and keep writing.”表明前句描写的是达到的理想状态，F选项的 “By the time you finish，your unhealthy desires should be gone.” 与后句逻辑一致，故选F。] 4．B　[根据本段小标题为发现新的兴趣爱好可知，本段主要讨论的是兴趣爱好。根据后句 “Starting a fun and enjoyable hobby can help you manage stress and hardships in other areas of life，”B选项对应的正是兴趣爱好，故选B。] 5．A　[根据空格前句“Before you know it，you'll be having more fun，enjoying life more and better equipped to handle stress in a healthy way.”分析句子结构可知，本句的代词it，与A选项中的it呼应，与文段逻辑一致，故选A。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2022·广东省汕尾市高二期末) A fateful conversation inspired the creation of the First Aid Kit，which was released in 1888.Aboard a train heading to Colorado for vacation，company 1.________ (found) Robert Wood Johnson struck up a conversation 2.________ a doctor.The doctor explained to him the 3.________ (danger) of railroad construction and the lack of medical supplies 4.________ (treat) the unique industrial injuries.From this exchange，Johnson saw 5.________ opportunity to both advance the field of healthcare and build 6.________ (he) young business.And the commercial First Aid Kit was born. However，Kilmer knew that the kits，themselves，were not enough.They needed to include explanation and training.Since its founding，the company had prided itself on 7.________ (educate) the public and spreading methods of wound care.In 1901，the nation's first 8.________ (commercial) available guide to first aid，the Hand Book of First Aid，9.________ (publish).The guide reached beyond the railroad and medical industries，showing readers 10.________ to save lives with their first aid skills. 语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上第一个First Aid Kit的诞生，以及人们如何开始学习急救技能。 1．founder　[考查词性转换。根据句意可知，Robert Wood Johnson是“公司创始人”，应用名词构成词组company founder作主语，意为“公司创始人”，故填founder。] 2．with　[考查介词。strike up a conversation with sb.是固定短语，意为“开始与某人聊天”，介词with表示“和”，故填with。] 3．dangers　[考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“railroad construction”和“lack of medical supplies”带来的种种危险，可数名词danger应用复数形式，故填dangers。] 4．to treat　[考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处“(treat) the unique industrial injuries”作后置定语，修饰“medical supplies”，表示“用于治疗特殊工伤的医疗用品”，用动词不定式作后置定语，故填to treat。] 5．an　[考查冠词。可数名词opportunity在句中表示“一个机会”，泛指，其音标以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an限定，故填an。] 6．his　[考查代词。根据句意可知，提示词修饰young business，应用形容词性物主代词his，表示“他的”，故填his。] 7．educating　[考查非谓语动词。根据句意和空前介词on可知，应跟动词­ing 形式做宾语，故填educating。] 8．commercially　[考查词性转换。句意：1901年，美国出版了第一本商业性的急救指南《急救手册》。根据句意可知，提示词修饰形容词available，应用副词commercially，意为“商店有售地”，故填commercially。] 9．was published　[考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，提示词是谓语动词，根据时间状语In 1901可知应用一般过去时态，与主语“the nation's first ______ (commercial) available guide to first aid，the Hand Book of First Aid”之间为被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式，故填 was published。] 10．how　[考查副词。根据句意可知，应填入副词how构成“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”复合结构，作宾语，意为“如何用急救知识来救命”，故填how。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$