12 UNIT3 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment …………………………………………………………………………………◎ ①acupuncture n. 针刺疗法 ②evidence n. 证据，证明；物证，人证vt.证明，表明 ③date back to 追溯到，始于，自……至今 ④press vt.按，压 ⑤be replaced by被取代 ⑥take the place of代替；抵换 ⑦solid adj.实心的；固体的；结实的；纯色的 ⑧majority n．大多数 ⑨switch vi. & vt. 转变；交换；调班 n. 开关，闸；转变，改变 ⑩stainless steel 不锈钢 ⑪in addition to除……以外(还) ⑫originally adv. 起初，原来 ⑬in shape在形状上 ⑭sharp adj.锋利的，尖的 ⑮measure vi. (指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为 ⑯in length长度为 ⑰clinic n．私人诊所；门诊部；门诊时间 ⑱examine vt.检查，检验；审查，调查；考，测试；审问 ⑲the patient's condition 患者的状况 ⑳feel his or her pulse 给他或她搭脉 according to根据 wrist n．手腕，腕关节 a major body organ 一个身体的重要器官 energy channel经络 severe pain剧烈的疼痛 blood pressure血压 more than不仅仅 depression n．抑郁症 be applied to适用于 abuse vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 n．滥用；虐待；辱骂 abuse alcohol 嗜酒 ease vt.减轻，缓和 ease pain 缓解疼痛 phenomenon n. 现象 block pain signals 阻断痛感信号 the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录 symbol n．象征；符号，代号 widespread adj.分布广的，普遍的，广泛的 ◎………………………………………………………………………………… Acupuncture①：magic needles One of the most famous Chinese medical treatments is the art of “magic needles”，or Chinese acupuncture.It was developed long ago，perhaps as early as 2000 BCE.There is evidence② that acupuncture dates back to③ the Stone Age【1】，when stone tools called bian were used to press④ areas of the body. 【1】that 引导同位语从句，解释说明 evidence 的具体内容。 As acupuncture developed 【2】，the simple bian stones were replaced by⑤ stone needles.Eventually，metal needles began to appear and took the place of⑥stone needles.These solid⑦ needles are made of different metals，such as gold and silver.Some acupuncturists today still use gold and silver needles，but the majority⑧ have now switched⑨ to stainless steel⑩ ones.In addition to⑪ the changes in material，the shapes of the needles have also changed over time.Originally⑫，there were nine different kinds of needles，with variations in shape⑬.Nowadays，the fine sharp⑭ needles that measure⑮ usually between 15 and 75 millimetres in length⑯【3】 are still used，while most of the others have been replaced by more complex medical instruments【4】． 【2】as引导时间状语从句，as 意为“随着”。 【3】that引导定语从句，修饰先行词 needles。 【4】while连接并列句，while 意为“然而，但是”。 So what happens during a visit to the acupuncture clinic⑰？ First，the acupuncturist examines⑱ the patient，looking at the patient's skin and tongue，listening to the sound of his or her voice and breathing，and smelling his or her breath.Then the acupuncturist asks some questions about the patient's condition⑲ and feels his or her pulse⑳.This is a particularly important step according to the energy theory behind acupuncture.The acupuncturist can check the pulse in three positions on each wrist，and every one of them is connected with a major body organ.By checking all the positions，the acupuncturist can find out which energy channel does not have enough energy【5】． 【5】which引导宾语从句，作动词短语 find out的宾语。 According to the results of the check­up，the acupuncturist then selects certain points on the body called acupuncture points【6】．Needles are pushed into the skin at these points so that a health problem can be treated.Up to now，more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified，each linked to a different part of the body.Sometimes the needles are pushed into points near the body part affected by a disease，and sometimes into points that are not so close to it. Over the years，acupuncture has been used to treat a wide variety of health problems，including severe pains，blood pressure issues，stomach discomfort，sports injuries and weight problems.And it has been used to treat more than just physical problems—acupuncturists have discovered that the treatment helps with mental problems like depression and anxiety too.Acupuncture has also been applied to treat people who abuse alcohol，tobacco or drugs. How acupuncture actually works【7】 is not clearly understood.For example，there are different theories trying to explain how it eases pain 【8】，but no agreement has been reached.One theory explaining this phenomenon suggests that acupuncture blocks pain signals from reaching the brain.Another theory relates acupuncture to the production of a substance in the body which can reduce pain. 【7】how引导主语从句，看作第三人称单数形式。 【8】how引导宾语从句，作动词 explain 的宾语。 Despite the uncertainty about its medical basis，acupuncture has become a popular form of treatment.As a unique contribution of traditional Chinese medicine，acupuncture spread to many other Asian countries，such as Japan，as early as the 6th century.It was introduced to the West around the 16th century.In 2010，acupuncture was included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List.Today，acupuncture is recognized as a symbol of traditional Chinese culture and has come into widespread use around the world.The World Health Organization recommends acupuncture as a good treatment for over 100 medical problems.While doubts about its safety have gradually disappeared，interest continues to grow. 针灸：神奇的针 在最负盛名的中国医术中，有一种“神针”之术，即针灸。这种医术历史悠久，最早或起源于公元前2000年。有证据显示，针灸始于石器时代，当时一种名为“砭”的石器被用来按压身体部位。 随着针灸的发展，简单的砭被石针替代。最终金属针开始出现并取代了石针。这些实心的针由不同的金属制成，例如金和银。如今一些针灸师仍在使用金针或银针，但多数医师已经改用不锈钢针了。除了材质变化，针的形状也在逐渐改变。起初有九种不同类型的针，形状各不相同。现在针灸中仍在使用的是又尖又细、长度一般在15至75毫米之间的针，而大部分其他类型的针都被更复杂的医疗器械取代了。 那么，去针灸诊所诊疗时会发生什么呢？首先，针灸师会对患者作一番检查，看一下患者的皮肤和舌头，听听讲话和呼吸的声音，再闻一下患者呼出的气息。接着，针灸师会就患者的身体状况问一些问题，然后搭脉。根据针灸背后的能量理论，搭脉这项步骤是尤为重要的。针灸师能够在每个手腕的三个部位检查脉象，每一处都对应身体的一个主要器官。检查过所有的部位后，针灸师便能知道哪条经络的能量比较弱。 根据诊断结果，针灸师随后会在患者身上选定一些针灸的点，这些点称作穴位。针从穴位推入皮肤，从而治疗一项疾病。目前为止已有360多个穴位被确认，每个穴位对应着身体的不同部位。下针的穴位有时在患病部位附近，有时又并不靠近。 多年来，针灸被用来治疗各种各样的健康问题，包括剧烈疼痛、血压问题、肠胃不适、运动损伤和体重问题等。而且它不仅适用于治疗身体疾患——针灸师们发现这种疗法对抑郁、焦虑等心理问题也有效果。此外，针灸也用来治疗嗜酒、嗜烟、嗜毒人群。 针灸究竟是怎样产生疗效的，这个问题尚不清楚。例如，有几种不同的理论试图解释针灸如何缓解疼痛，但至今仍然莫衷一是。一种理论认为这种现象源于针灸阻断了痛感信号向大脑的传导。另一种理论认为针灸促使身体产生了某种有镇痛作用的物质。 尽管其医学基础尚不明确，针灸已然成为一种广受欢迎的疗法。作为传统中医的一项独特贡献，针灸传播到了亚洲的许多其他国家，最早在公元6世纪便已传入日本。公元16世纪左右，针灸又传到了西方。2010年，针灸被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。如今，针灸成为了中国传统文化的一个符号，并且在世界各地得到广泛应用。世界卫生组织将针灸推荐为百余种健康问题的良好疗法。关于其安全性的种种疑虑逐渐消失了，人们对它的兴趣正与日俱增。 第一步　文本整体理解：理清文章架构 1．What's the main purpose of the passage? A．To present a study result about acupuncture. B．To introduce an art of “magic needles”． C．To explain a way to treat patients. D．To propose new means to treat patients. 答案：　D 2．Read the text again and fill in the blanks： Para.1 Introduction of the (1)art of magic needles. Para.2 Development of magic needles in (2)material and varieties. Para.3 The way and theory of an (3)acupuncturist examining patients. Para.4 Acupuncturists put (4)needles into the acupuncture points to treat problems. Para.5 Acupuncture can be used to treat both physical and (5)mental diseases. Para.6 Different (6)theories about acupuncture. Para.7 While someone doubts it，acupuncture is becoming a (7)popular form of treatment in the world. 第二步　文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节信息 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers.1.Why should acupuncture points be identified? A．They are easy to get infected. B．They are used to identify diseases. C．They are distributed throughout the body. D．They are linked to different parts of the body. 2．What do we know about acupuncture from Para.5? A．It can cure all kinds of diseases. B．It can cure tobacco addiction. C．It is often used in a variety of ways. D．It is effective only for physical problems. 3．What does “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．Theory. B．Acupuncturist. C．Acupuncture. D．Agreement. 4．What's the attitude of the author towards acupuncture? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Regretful. D．Vague. 答案：　1－4　BCCB 第三步　难句解构 1．There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age，when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。that引导同位语从句；when引导定语从句，when在从句中作状语。 [尝试翻译]　有证据显示，针灸始于石器时代，当时一种名为“砭”的石器被用来按压身体部位。 2．Nowadays，the fine sharp needles that measure usually between 15 and 75 millimetres in length are still used，while most of the others have been replaced by more complex medical instruments. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。that引导定语从句，that在从句中作主语；while连接并列句。 [尝试翻译]　现在针灸中仍在使用的是又尖又细、长度一般在15至75毫米之间的针，而大部分其他类型的针都被更复杂的医疗器械取代了。 [核心单词] 1．stone needles　　　　　　 石针 2．a solid needle 实心针 3．a light switch 电源开关 4．abuse alcohol and drugs 嗜酒和毒 5．explain this phenomenon 解释这种现象 6．illegal substances 非法物质 7．widespread use 广泛应用 [拓展单词] 1．evidence_n．证据，证明；物证，人证vt.证明，表明→evident adj.明显的；清楚的 2．steel n．钢；钢铁工业→steely adj.钢铁般的；顽强的；无情的 3．clinic_n．私人诊所；门诊部；门诊时间→clinical adj.临床的；客观冷静的 4．examine vt.检查；检验；审查，调查；考，测试；审问→examination n．考试→examiner n．主考人；审查员→examinee n．应试者；受审查员 5．severe_adj.十分严重的，极为恶劣的；严厉的→severely adv.严格地；严厉地；淳朴地 6．anxiety n．焦虑；担心；渴望→anxious adj.焦虑的→anxiously adv.焦虑地；急切地 7.alcohol n．酒精，酒→alcoholic adj.含酒精的；酗酒者 8．symbol_n．象征；符号，代号→symbolic adj.象征性的；象征着→symbolize vt.象征，用符号代表→symbolism n．(美术)象征主义；(文学)象征修辞 9．infection n．传染，感染→infect vt.感染；沾染(恶习) [重点短语] 第一组　汉译英 1．date_back_to　　　　 追溯到 2．take_the_place_of 代替；抵换 3．in_addition_to 除……以外(还) 4．up_to_now 到目前为止；至今；迄今 5．a_wide_variety_of 种种，多种多样的 6．be_applied_to 适用于；应用于 7．be_recognized_as 被认为是……，被公认为…… 8．without_doubt 无疑地；确实地 第二组　英译汉 9．switch to　　　　　　 切换到，转到，转变成 10．according to 按……所说，根据 11．be connected with 与……相连/联系 12．be linked to 与……连接 13．relate to 涉及，有关 [典型句式] 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．同位语从句 There is evidence that_acupuncture_dates_back_to_the_Stone_Age(针灸始于石器时代)，when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body. 2．with复合结构 Originally，there were nine different kinds of needles，with_variations_in_shape(形状各不相同). 3．as引导时间状语从句 As_acupuncture_developed(随着针炙发展)，the simple bian stones were replaced by stone needles. 4．while连接并列句 Nowadays，the fine sharp needles that measure usually between 15 and 75 millimetres in length are still used，while (然而) most of the others have been replaced by more complex medical instruments. evidence n．证据，证明；物证，人证vt.证明，表明 (教材原句)There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age，when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body. 有证据显示，针灸始于石器时代，当时一种名为“砭”的石器被用来按压身体部位。 (1)evidence (2)evident adj. 明显的；清楚的 It is evident that... 很明显…… (3)evidently adv. 明显地 [佳句]　A great deal of evidence indicates that listening to soft music can reduce stress. 大量证据表明，听轻音乐可以减轻压力。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①On average，people who are positive have stronger immunity，and there is some evidence that they live longer. ②Evidently (evident)，my younger brother did not tell the truth. ③Evidence (evident) has been found through years of study that children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. ◎能力提升——句式升级 ④Evidently，James has made a mistake in his job，but don't scold him；he is a green hand. →It_is_evident_that James has made a mistake in his job，but don't scold him；he is a green hand.(it作形式主语) [语境串记] It was evident that all the evidence we collected proved him to be guilty. 很明显，我们收集的所有证据都证明他是有罪的。 date back to追溯到，始于，自……至今 (教材原句)There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age，when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body. 有证据显示，针灸始于石器时代，当时一种名为“砭”的石器被用来按压身体部位。 (1)date from ＝date back to　 追溯到，始于，自……至今 (2)out of date 过时的，陈旧的 up to date 最近的，新式的，现代的 [佳句]　It is believed that Chinese Calligraphy dates back to at least the Han Dynasty. 人们认为中国书法可以至少追溯到汉代。 [名师点津]　(1)date back to和date from一般无进行时态和被动语态。 (2)date back to和date from作后置定语时，常用动词­ing 形式。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The attraction of the cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that its collections date from the middle ages. ②The files are accessed every day to keep them up to date. ◎能力提升——一句多译 中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1 000多年前。 ③Chinese tea­drinking culture has a long history which_dates_from/back_to_more_than_1，000_years_ago．(定语从句) ④Chinese tea­drinking culture has a long history dating_from/back_to_more_than_1，000_years_ago．(分词作定语) as引导状语从句 (教材原句)As acupuncture developed，the simple bian stones were replaced by stone needles. 随着针灸的发展，简单的砭被石针替代。 本句中as是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。除此之外as还可以引导其他状语从句： (1)as引导原因状语从句，意为“由于，因为”。 (2)as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，它引导的让步状语从句需要用部分倒装。 (3)as引导比较状语从句，常用于as...as...结构。 (4)as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照……”。 [佳句]　My memory of the happy days we spent together will never fade away as time goes by. 随着时间的流逝，我对我们一起度过的快乐时光的记忆永远不会消失。 [名师点津]　with是介词，意为“随着”时，后接名词或代词等构成短语或with的复合结构。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The curious boy did as he was told and soon he had made a fence out of the wood. ②As it was getting late，I decided to look for a hotel. ◎能力提升——句式升级/一句多译 ③Although he was angry，he couldn't help smiling. →Angry_as_he_was，he couldn't help smiling.(倒装句) ④随着世界人口的不断增加，食品供应问题变得更重要。 a．With_the_world's_population_continuing_to_grow，the supply of food becomes more important.(with) b．As_the_world's_population_continues_to_grow，the supply of food becomes more important.(as) switch vi.& vt.转变；交换；调班n.开关，闸；转变，改变 (教材原句)Some acupuncturists today still use gold and silver needles，but the majority have now switched to stainless steel ones. 如今一些针灸师仍在使用金针或银针，但多数医师已经改用不锈钢针了。 switch to　　　　　　　 切换到，转到，转变成 switch from...to... 改变，转变 switch...with 交换，调换 switch on 打开 switch off 关上 [佳句]　More young people are making the switch to online job seeking. 越来越多的年轻人转向网上求职。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空/写出下列句中switch的含义 ①As far as I know，he started studying history but then switched over to architecture. ②In Bellevue，the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.n.改变，转变 ③The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.n.开关 ◎能力提升——微写作 ④请把你们的手机关掉！会议马上就要开始了。 Please switch_off_your_mobile_phones！The meeting is about to begin. while连接并列句 (教材原句)Nowadays，the fine sharp needles that measure usually between 15 and 75 millimetres in length are still used，while most of the others have been replaced by more complex medical instruments.现在针灸中仍在使用的是又尖又细、长度一般在15至75毫米之间的针，而大部分其他类型的针都被更复杂的医疗器械取代了。 (1)while引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然”； (2)while作并列连词，表示对比或转折，意为“然而；可是”； (3)while引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。 [佳句]　Li Jiang recommends the traditional Chinese dress while Su Hua prefers the school uniform. 李江推荐中国传统服装，而苏华更喜欢校服。 ◎基础练透——写出下列句中 while 的含义 ①I found these photos while I was cleaning out my cupboards.当……时候 ②While I fully understand your point of view，I also have some sympathy with Michael's.尽管，虽然 ③I do all the housework while he just does the dishes now and again.然而 ◎能力提升——微写作 ④一些运动通常在室内做，然而其他的在室外做。 Some sports are usually done indoors，while_others_are_done_outdoors． anxiety n.焦虑；担心；渴望 (教材原句)And it has been used to treat more than just physical problems—acupuncturists have discovered that the treatment helps with mental problems like depression and anxiety too. 而且它不仅适用于治疗身体疾患——针灸师们发现这种疗法对抑郁、焦虑等心理问题也有效果。 (1)with anxiety　　　　　　 焦虑地 (2)anxious adj. 焦虑的，忧虑的 be anxious about/be anxious for 忧虑，担心 be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事 (3)anxiously adv. 忧虑地；不安地 [佳句]　Too much anxiety can result in sleeplessness and loss of appetite. 过度焦虑会导致失眠和食欲不振。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Anxiously(anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. ②All the people were waiting with anxiety (anxious) for the news of the tourists' safe arrival. ◎能力提升——一句多译 我担心即将到来的考试，因此晚上几乎无法入睡。 ③I'm so_anxious_about_the_coming_exam_that I can hardly fall asleep at night.(so...that...) ④Anxious_about_the_coming_exam，I can hardly fall asleep at night.(形容词作状语) abuse vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂n.滥用；虐待；辱骂 (教材原句)Acupuncture has also been applied to treat people who abuse alcohol，tobacco or drugs.此外，针灸也用来治疗嗜酒、嗜烟、嗜毒人群。 (1)abuse of 　　　　　　　 滥用…… alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒；嗜毒 abuse of power 滥用她的职权 (2)abuse her position/authority 滥用职权/权力 abuse the trust of sb./one's trust 利用某人的信任 [佳句]　If you abuse your body now，you'll pay the price when you're older.如果你现在虐待自己的身体，等你老了就会付出代价。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①Moreover，the abuse of antibiotics causes the accelerated process of bacterial resistance. ②I never expected that he would_abuse_the_trust_of_his/abuse_his_trust(利用他的信任). ◎能力提升——微写作 ③威廉姆斯滥用市长职权给朋友提供工作，目前正在接受调查。 Having_abused_his_position as mayor to give jobs to his friends，Williams is now under investigation. 维度1　单词拼写 1．The boat bumped against a solid(坚硬的) object. 2．As a result of listening carefully，I remember most of the substance(要点) of the teacher's words. 3．The heart is one of the body's vital organ(器官). 4．It's well known that the dove is a universal symbol(象征)of peace. 5．Any event attended by the famous actor attracts widespread(广泛的)media attention. 维度2　单句语法填空 1．One possible reason is that dust can affect the breathing system and people may be more open to infection (infect). 2．In order to promote trade，the two countries decided to switch to RMB settlement. 3．Anxiety (anxious) can affect a child's performance in school，so keep an eye on your child's mood. 4．He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power. 5．Despite the long distance between the two countries，they enjoy good economic relations dating (date) back to the early 1960s. 维度3　完成句子 1．越来越多的证据表明熬夜对人们的健康有严重的影响。(evidence) There is growing evidence that_staying_up_late_at_night_has_a_serious_impact_on_people's_health． 2．随着时间的推移，情况会越来越好。(as) Things will get better as_time_goes_by． 3．课本和词典可以用作参考书籍，而杂志可以当作阅读材料。(while) The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference books while_the_magazines_serve_as_reading_materials． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$