10 UNIT3 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 现在完成进行时 分析下列教材中的句子并体会它们的语法功能。 1．Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases，as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. 2．Despite the public argument over this technology，its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond. [我的发现] 句1和句2表示动作从过去某时持续到现在，也可能还继续进行。 一、现在完成进行时的构成 肯定式：have/has been doing 否定式：haven't/hasn't been doing 二、现在完成进行时的用法 1．表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在继续进行，对现在有影响。 We have been looking for you for an hour. 我们一直在找你，已经找了一个小时了。 She has been teaching English since she graduated. 她毕业后一直在教英语。 2．表示从过去某时到说话时为止一直不停重复的动作，常带有赞美、厌烦等感情色彩。 He has been calling on her several times this week. 他这个星期来拜访过她好几次了。 三、现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别 1．现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，有时表示临时性质；现在完成时强调某个刚刚完成的动作，或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示延续性。 I have been thinking it over.我一直在考虑这件事。 I have thought it over.我已经考虑过这件事了。 2．一些静态动词往往用现在完成进行时，如lie，sit，rain，wait，stand等。而一些状态动词、感官动词或情感动词如see，feel，know，love等，不可用于现在完成进行时，但可以用于现在完成时。 I have known her for a long time.我认识她很久了。 3．现在完成进行时可以表示反复的不间断的动作，不能同具体数词或表示具体次数的词连用；现在完成时同某些频度副词或数词连用时，表示反复的但可能有间断的动作。 I've read this book three times. 这本书我已经读过三次了。 4．现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。 I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满) I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实) withdraw vi.&vt.脱离(社会)，不与人交往；(使)撤回；(使)退出；停止提供 (教材原句)After I lost my right hand in a car accident two years ago，I began to withdraw into myself.两年前，我在一场车祸中失去了右手，从此我开始自我封闭。 (1)withdraw...from...　 从……撤出/提取…… withdraw from... 从……撤出/退出 (2)withdrawal n. 撤走；收回；取回 [佳句]　The wolf might feel the threats from the people，starting to withdraw.In consequence，it ran away off the road and disappeared in the distance.这匹狼可能感觉到了来自人们的威胁，开始撤退。因此，它沿着公路跑掉了，消失在远方。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①(2021·天津3月卷)Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from social life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. ②If you experience any unusual symptoms after withdrawal (withdraw) of the treatment，contact your doctor. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③她因腿伤不得不退出比赛。 She had to withdraw_from_the_competition because of her leg injury. equip vt.配备；使有能力 (教材原句)I was equipped with an artificial hand，but it did not feel like part of me. 我装了一只假手，但感觉它不像我的一部分。 (1)equip...with...　　　 用……装备……，使……具备…… be equipped with 装备有……；配备有…… equip sb. for (doing) sth. 使某人为(做)某事而准备；使某人具备(做)某事的条件 (2)equipment n. 装备；设备 a piece of equipment 一件设备 [佳句]　As our new stadium is equipped with advanced facilities，we have organized a variety of events in it. 因为新体育馆装备先进的设施，我们已在里面举办了各种各样的赛事。 [名师点津]　equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The goal of the course is to equip people with the skills necessary for a job in this technological age. ②If it were not the modern equipment (equip)，such experiments would not be performed. ◎能力提升——句式升级 ③He is equipped with much experience in teaching，so he is well respected by all his students. →Equipped_with_much_experience_in_teaching，he is well respected by all his students.(过去分词作状语) →Equipping_himself_with_much_experience_in_teaching，he is well respected by all his students.(动词­ing 形式短语作状语) disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的 (教材原句)Fortunately，one exciting new advance could help these physically disabled people lead a normal life again：robotic limbs. 幸运的是，一项令人兴奋的新进步可以帮助这些身体残疾的人重新过上正常的生活：机器人肢体。 (1)disable vt.　　　　 使残疾；使失去能力 disability n. 缺陷；障碍 (2)able adj. 有能力的；能干的 ability n. 能力 have the ability to do sth. 有能力做某事 (3)enable vt. 使能够 enable sb. to do sth. 使某人有能力做某事 [佳句]　We are supposed to show mercy to the disabled instead of looking down upon them. 我们应该怜悯残疾人而不是看不起他们。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Our parents send us to schools so as to_enable (able) us to obtain knowledge and achieve great things in the future. ②With the young unable (able) to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation (孤独)，more families are choosing to live together. ③Unfortunately，the doctors don't know how to make me better，but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability (disable). ◎能力提升——微写作 ④今天，残疾人有更多的机会发挥自己的潜力，过上富裕的生活，为社会做出贡献。 Today the_disabled_have_more_opportunities_to_develop_their_potential，living a rich life and making a contribution to society. disturb vt.使不安；打扰；搅乱 (教材原句)The figures disturb the school authorities，who have decided to tackle this problem head­on.这些数字令学校当局感到不安，他们已决定正面解决这个问题。 (1)it disturbs sb. to do sth.　 做某事使某人不安 (2)disturbed adj. 心神不安的，心烦意乱的 be disturbed by/about/at... 为……感到不安 (3)disturbing adj. 使人烦恼的，令人不安的 [佳句]　During the movie，it is desired that all of you not be disturbed，keep quiet and watch the movie carefully.看短片期间，希望大家不会被打扰，保持安静，并认真观看。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①When he was 16，Molai began to notice something disturbing (disturb) happening around his home. ②Conservationists were_disturbed (disturb) that more and more jungles are being destroyed. ◎能力提升——微写作 ③很有可能那个坐在你旁边的人并没有意识到他打扰了你。 Chances are that the close sitter doesn't_realize_he_disturbs_you． [语境串记] Disturbing news came that the virus spread quickly，which made us rather disturbed.令人不安的消息传来，病毒迅速蔓延，我们感到不安。 adjust vt.& vi.调整，调节；适应，习惯；整理 (教材原句)The school has adjusted all the lights to make sure the classroom was lit. 学校调整了所有的灯以确保教室是亮的。 (1)adjust...to...　　　　 根据……调节…… adjust to (doing) sth. 适应于；习惯于 adjust oneself to sth. 使自己适应于某物 (2)adjustment n. 调整，调节 make adjustments to... 对……做出调整 (3)adjustable adj. 可调节的，可调整的 [佳句]　Actually，only by getting moving and constantly adjusting the plan can we achieve our final goal. 事实上，只有不断地行动，不断地调整计划，我们才能达到我们的最终目标。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①For example，the moment you get on the airplane，start adjusting your biological clock to the destination's time. ②Some schools will have to make few adjustments (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. ③Adjustable(adjust) settings allow you to customize the ideal function to fit your needs. ◎能力提升——句式升级 ④We have made an adjustment to our price and will give you a special discount of 3 percent. →Having_made_an_adjustment_to_our_price，we will give you a special discount of 3 percent.(分词的完成式作状语) [语境串记] The desks and chairs are adjustable and you can adjust them to the height of the students.The adjustment is not difficult to make. 课桌椅是可调节的，你可以根据学生的身高来调整它们。调整并不难。 维度1　单词拼写 1．Besides，being an outgoing_(外向的) student，I can get along well with others. 2．When you believe in yourself，it fuels(刺激) your creativity，your ambitions and your motivation to do things. 3．The company filed a patent(专利) on a genetically engineered tomato. 4．I would be very grateful (感激的) if you could give me some tips on how to solve the problem at your convenience. 5．The president is clearly in a dilemma about how to tackle(处理) the crisis. 维度2　单句语法填空 1．Her sudden withdrawal(withdraw) from the championship caused a lot of press speculation about her health. 2．To achieve one's dream，one must make great efforts to equip oneself with rich knowledge and set a goal which is easy to reach. 3．With the assistance of his teacher，he gradually adjusted to the school life. 4．He was born in 1930 and graduated from college in 1953，when hunger was a disturbing (disturb) problem for many people in the countryside. 维度3　完成句子 1．那位母亲不惜一切使她的孩子接受良好的教育，以便使他们能立足于社会。(enable) The mother went to great lengths to provide her children with good education，to enable_them_to_find their feet in a crowd. 2．随着空气污染越来越严重，政府需要想出一些有效的措施来处理它。(come up with) With air pollution getting worse，the government needs to come_up_with_some_effective_measures to deal with it. 3．在学习外语时适当地做一些有助于记忆的练习是很重要的。(it作形式主语) It_is_important_to_do_proper_memory_work in the study of a foreign language. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$