Unit6 Section Ⅰ-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 速读明大意 Skim the text and fill in the blanks． 精读知细节 Choose the best answer according to the text． 1．Why does the author mention the chacma baboon in the first paragraph? A．To show great respect for the police． B．To state that wild animals are common in cities． C．To provide some key facts about the greedy thief． D．To prove how dangerous the suburb of Cape Town is． 2．Which of the following best describes urban foxes in Paragraph 4? A．Adaptable． B．Friendly． C．Productive． D．Cooperative． 3．Why do many birds die from window impacts? A．They try to avoid tall buildings． B．They change their migratory routes． C．They fly too fast to stop in time at windows． D．They can't distinguish between blue sky and glass． 4．In the author's view, what should we do to help the “urban animals”？ A．Find new habitats for them． B．Wipe out their natural predators． C．Stop building high­rise buildings． D．Live in better harmony with them． 答案：1～4　BADD 读后悟考点 Ⅰ．扫词汇障碍 熟词生义 impact (Para．5) 常见义：n．影响→文章义：n.撞击，冲撞 alone (Para．5) 常见义：adj．& adv．孤单的(地)→文章义： adv.仅仅，只 Ⅱ．破译长难句 [教材1]　There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins，as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild． [分析]　此句是复合句，that从句是同位语从句；as是连词，引导原因状语从句；which引导的是限制性定语从句。 [翻译]　 有证据显示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聪明，因为它们时常要想办法解决难题，比如怎么打开垃圾桶以及其他它们在野外不会见到的容器。 [教材2]　One theory behind this is that these birds have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high­rise buildings． [分析]　此句是复合句，第一个that引导表语从句，第二个that引导限制性定语从句。 [翻译]　 这背后的一种理论认为，这些鸟类必须改变它们的迁徙路线才能穿过这些有高楼大厦的城市。 Ⅲ．学表达技巧 比喻修辞 [教材1]　Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn't hesitate． [分析]　使用了比喻修辞，将大狒狒比作“贪婪的窃贼”，描述了这一动物偷取人类食物的现象。 [仿写]　尝试用比喻修辞完成句子 故乡，是余光中笔下那张窄窄的船票，总是在呼唤游子归航。 Hometown is the narrow ticket in the poem written by Yu Guangzhong, which always calls for tourists to return home． 动作描写 [教材2]　Within seconds, he had reached inside and run away with a bag of shopping． [分析]　句中用reached和run away描绘了大狒狒行动敏捷的样子，生动形象。 [仿写]　尝试用恰当的动词完成句子 我从椅子上跳起来，跑到门口迎接爸爸。 I jumped up from the chair, and raced to greet Dad at the door． 排比修辞 [教材3]　With foxes in London, mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong, it is almost as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals． [分析]　句中黑体是“名词＋介词＋名词”形式的排比。排比修辞加强了语势，渲染了情感，同时提升了语言的韵律感和美感。 [仿写]　尝试用排比修辞完成句子 寒冷的冬天不能使他感到寒冷，温暖的夏天也不能使他感到温暖，没有任何东西可以使他再度鲜活起来。 No cold winter could make him cold, no warm summer could make him warm and nothing could make him feel alive again． 情感描写 [教材4]　Shockingly, these deaths amount to around ten per cent of the total US bird population． [分析]　句中用Shockingly描述了因撞击玻璃而死亡的鸟类数量占比非常之大，令人吃惊。 [仿写]　尝试翻译句子 令人震惊地，这种毫无作用又危险的外科手术直到20世纪30年代才消失。 Shockingly, this useless and dangerous surgery did not end until the 1930s. 高频词汇练全 greedy adj．贪婪的，贪心的；渴望的→greed n．贪心，贪婪→greedily adv．贪婪地，贪心地 be greedy for ．．． 对……贪婪/渴望 be greedy to do sth． 渴望做某事 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He was so greedy for power and money that he committed crimes． ②The moment the lady sat down，she ate greedily (greedy) before others． ③来到新学校后，这个女孩渴望和同学交朋友。 After coming to the new school, the girl was greedy to make friends with her classmates． commit v．犯(错误或罪行)；承诺；全心全意投入→commitment n．承诺；献身，奉献→committed adj．尽心尽力的；坚信的 (1)commit an error/a crime/suicide 做错事/犯罪/自杀 commit oneself to (doing) sth． 专心致志于(做)某事；承诺/保证(做)某事 (2)make a commitment to sb． 对某人作出承诺 (3)be committed to (doing) sth． 全身心地投入(做)某事 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He was a good man who was committed (commit) to his family as well as to his work． ②If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a commitment (commit)． ③If you commit yourself to your study, you'll succeed one day． ④我专心致志学习英语，英语掌握得很好，因此被选为英语课代表。 I commit myself to learning English and have a good command of English, so I am elected as assistant of my English teacher． estimate v．& n．估计，估算→estimation n．估计；评价 estimate ．．．at ．．． 估算/估计……为…… be estimated to be/have 估计有…… It is estimated that ．．． 据估计…… 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The firm estimated the cost of the new house at ￡100，000． ②Windy though it was that day, we arrived at the castle which was estimated to be (be) 700 years old． ③据估计，英语中80%的谈话都是寒暄。 It is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk． appreciate v．欣赏；赏识；感激，感谢→appreciation n．欣赏；感激→appreciative adj．欣赏的；感激的 (1)appreciate＋n．/pron．/v．­ing 欣赏/感激…… I would appreciate it if ．．． 假如……，我将不胜感激 (2)show/convey/express one's appreciation 表达感激 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I appreciate being given (give) the opportunity to work in the company． ②I'm writing to show my sincere appreciation (appreciate) for the book you gave me before you left China． ③如果你能给我一些关于如何摆脱坏习惯的建议，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to get rid of bad habits． crucial adj．至关重要的，关键性的 be crucial to (doing) sth． 对……至关重要 It is crucial that．．．(should)．．． ……是至关重要的 be of crucial importance 至关重要 a crucial factor/issue/decision 一个关键性的因素/问题/决定 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Our further analyses are crucial to solving (solve) the complex problem． ②The conservation of tropical forests is of crucial importance． ③我们立即采取措施挽救濒危物种是至关重要的。 It is crucial that we take immediate measures to rescue the endangered species． restrict v．限制，控制；约束→restriction n．限制，约束→restricted adj．受限制的；受约束的 (1)restrict sb．to (doing) sth． 约束某人(做)某事 restrict ．．．to ．．． 把……限制/控制/在…… (2)be restricted to 限制(在某范围) 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It's crucial that access to the club should be restricted to members only． ②In the meantime，this licence allows you to travel anywhere without restriction (restrict)． ③I restrict myself to drinking (drink) one cup of coffee a day． ④我们应该把每班学生的人数限定为20人，以保证教学质量。 We should restrict the number of students per class to 20 to guarantee the teaching quality． 中频词汇练会 Ⅰ．一词多义——根据语境选出flourish的含义 A．v．繁荣；昌盛　B．v．茁壮成长　C．n．(为引起注意的)夸张动作 ①He opened the door for her with a flourish． C ②Few businesses are flourishing in the present economic climate． A ③These plants flourish in a damp climate． B Ⅱ．熟词生义——猜测句中加黑词汇的词性及含义 ①He was talking a lot of garbage about education．n.废话 ②The crane lifted the container onto the truck． n.集装箱 ③The greedy boy ate up all the food remaining on the table．adj.贪吃的 重点句式练透 句型公式：“only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句 教材原文：Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats． 只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。 (1)“only＋状语(副词/介词短语)”置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。 (2)“only＋状语从句”置于句首时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Only when I left my parents for Italy did (do) I realize how much I loved them． ②只有通过这种方式，我们才能为我们的家庭和社会做出巨大的贡献。(应用文之建议信) Only in this way can we make great contributions to our family and society． ③只有当我们学会与大自然和谐共处时，我们才不会对濒危生物和地球造成威胁。(话题写作之环境保护) Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to endangered wildlife and to our planet． 【点拨】　“only＋主语”置于句首时，句子不倒装。 Only the teachers are allowed to use the room． 只有老师才被允许使用这个房间。 (时间：45分钟　满分：100分)　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ．单词拼写(每题1.5分，共12分) 1．Villagers say the fence would restrict (限制) public access to the hills． 2．We're newcomers (新来者) here and must be careful with what we do． 3．Talent，hard work and a strong will are all crucial (关键性的) to career success． 4．Disneyland is in the Los Angeles suburb (郊区)．If you want to go there, renting a car is a nice idea． 5．Whoever commits a crime (罪行) should be punished by law． 6．It is generally considered that the medical service in urban (城市的)areas is better than that in rural areas． 7．Penglai is a seaside (海滨的) city, located in the northeast of Shandong Province． 8．My grandfather is used to taking out the garbage (垃圾) when he goes out after supper． Ⅱ．单句语法填空(每题2分，共16分) 1．The course is aimed at developing the children's appreciation (appreciate) of music performances． 2．The company's success this year would not have been possible without the commitment (commit) and dedication of the staff． 3．He was a greedy (greed) man and loved gold better than anything else in the world． 4．While my friend, George, was reading in the bedroom, two thieves (thief) climbed into his kitchen． 5．Put a small amount of the powder into a container (contain) and mix it with water． 6．In fact, the first group was absolutely correct in their estimation (estimate) of this man's height． 7．I wondered how I would fit in with my teenage friends． 8．The old couple treat me very well as if I were (be) their family member． Ⅲ．完成句子/句式升级(每题3分，共15分) 1．所有的工作完成了，他们急忙回家吃午饭。 With all the work finished, they hurried back home for lunch．(with的复合结构) 2．最后，那个男人别无选择，只好承认从办公室偷了电脑。 At last the man had no choice but to admit stealing the computer from the office．(have no choice but to do sth．) 3．只有那时我才明白她的意思。 Only then did I understand what she meant．(部分倒装) 4．正如图画上所看到的一样，一个男人背负着那么沉重的东西以至于他看上去好像再也承受不住了。 As can be seen from the picture, a man is burdened with such heavy stuff that it seems as if he can hardly bear it any more．(as if) 5．Because he felt thirsty and eager to get a little rest, he went into the tea­house and seated himself at a table． →Thirsty and eager to get a little rest, he went into the tea­house and seated himself at a table．(形容词短语作状语) Ⅳ．课文语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) People often wonder about the reasons behind wild animals' mass urban 1 migration (migrate)．Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are responsible 2 for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats．With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but 3 to move (move) in with us． As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals 4 looking (look) for new habitats．One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” 5 is (be) their ability to adapt．There is evidence 6 that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they 7 frequently (frequent) have to figure out difficult problems that they would not have in the wild． For those animals that don't adapt, the city can be a 8 dangerous (danger) or even deadly place．Between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone．Some species 9 are affected (affect) more seriously than others because they have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high­rise buildings． However they adapt to our ways of urban living, 10 it is important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours． Ⅰ．阅读理解(每题4分，共32分) A (2024·安徽马鞍山市高二上期末)In 2007, the African Union announced an ambitious project—to plant the Great Green Wall (GGW), a band of trees that would stretch the length of the Sahel． The GGW is an ecological restoration project designed by African people for African people．Heavy rain, droughts, wildfire and landslides have all become common throughout the world．But nowhere is quite like the Sahel．In this huge African region, climate change has materialized in a dramatic manner．In some cases，the severe conditions have left people with no option other than to migrate elsewhere to survive．It was with all of this in mind that the extraordinary, but heavily debated project was first put forward． Fourteen years have passed since the initiative formally kicked off．The stated goal was to create a 15­kilometre­wide, 8，000­kilometre­long green belt of trees and other plants that, by 2030, would span (跨越) the entire width of the Sahel, from Senegal to Djibouti．Overall, 100 million hectares (公顷) of land would be restored by 2030．It was announced that once completed, the wall could end up capturing (俘获) 250 million tones of carbon dioxide, while its creation and upkeep could create ten million jobs in rural areas． Coming to the whole project, there's still a long way to go．According to a status report by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, about four million hectares of degraded land have been restored．This means that progress towards the 100 million hectares target stands at just four per cent． “When we started restoring the soil, we realized the area at risk was much wider than we initially thought，”explains Elvis Paul Tangem, the African Union's GGW coordinator．“We had few funds to push the initiative as much as we wanted to．There was skepticism among investors, who didn't understand the project, but also among the African states themselves, which needed time to figure out if the GGW was a priority．” [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。大雨、干旱、野火和山体滑坡导致非洲萨赫勒地区生存条件恶劣，为此非洲联盟宣布在2030年之前在该地区建立一个15千米宽、8 000千米长的树木和其他绿色植物的绿化带。 1．What is the purpose of the GGW project? A．To improve the local ecology． B．To develop the rural economy． C．To predict climate patterns． D．To strengthen regional ties． 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段的“The GGW is．．．for African people．”可知，打造绿色长城项目旨在改善非洲当地的生态环境。 2．What do the statistics in Paragraph 3 show about the initiative? A．The service period． B．The total budget． C．The target groups． D．The expected benefits． 解析：选D。细节理解题。通读第三段可知，建成绿色长城后，到2030年总共将有1亿公顷的土地被恢复，将收集2．5亿吨二氧化碳，为农村地区创造1 000万个就业机会。由此可知，第三段提及的数据说明了该项计划的预期收益。 3．How does Elvis Paul Tangem feel about the project? A．Skeptical． B．Worried． C．Confident． D．Satisfied． 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段Elvis Paul Tangem 所说的话“We had few．．．was a priority．”可知，Elvis Paul Tangem认为他们没有足够的资金来推动这项计划；在投资者中存在疑虑，他们不理解这个项目；非洲国家自己也存在疑虑，他们需要时间来弄清楚GGW是否是优先项目。由此可推知，Elvis Paul Tangem很担心该计划。 4．What message does the author intend to convey in the text? A．African countries should stand together． B．The progress of the GGW project is slow． C．Fighting climate change is our top priority． D．Natural disasters are worse than we thought． 解析：选B。推理判断题。通读第四段可知，从整体来看这个项目还有很长的路要走；根据《联合国防治荒漠化公约》的一份现状报告，大约400万公顷的退化土地已经恢复，这意味着，实现1亿公顷目标的进展仅为4%。由此可推知，绿色长城项目的进展比较缓慢。 B (2024·齐齐哈尔市高二上期末)In the thick jungle of New Guinea is nature's most amazing theater, a Carola's parotia (天堂鸟) is showing off his red and yellow feathers in a display called a “butterfly dance”． This brilliantly colored birds of paradise have developed over millions of years from ancient birds whose feathers were dark and boring in comparison．It seems to be a contradiction (矛盾) that such extreme feathers and colors could have been favored by the process of evolution．After all, these same brightly colored feathers that attract mates also make the birds much more noticeable to predators (捕食者)．The answer lies in the safe environment in which the birds live, and a process of evolution known as sexual selection．Except for other pressures, birds of paradise begin to specialize in attracting mates．Over millions of years they have slowly undergone changes in their colors, feathers and other talents．Characteristics that made one bird more attractive than another were passed on and improve over time． In the past, demand for the bird's feathers resulted in a huge amount of hunting．At the peak of the trade in the early 1900s, 80，000 skins a year were exported from New Guinea to Europe ladies' hats．Nowadays, few birds die for fashion or for traditional costumes: Ceremonial feathers are passed down from generation to generation．Although local people are still permitted to hunt the birds for traditional uses, they usually target older male birds, leaving younger males to continue breeding． David Mitchell, a conservationist, is relying on the help of local villagers to record where the birds display and what they eat．He hopes to not only gather data, but also encourage protection of the birds' habitat．The strategy seems to be working．For millions of years, these impressive birds have danced to find their mates．They will keep dancing for as long as the forest offers them stage． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天堂鸟的求偶行为和进化过程，以及人类对天堂鸟的影响和保护措施。 5．Why do the birds of paradise evolve the bright colors? A．To frighten away predators． B．To exercise and clean bodies． C．To show the possession of an area． D．To attract a mate's attention． 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Except for other pressures, birds of paradise begin to specialize in attracting mates．Over millions of years they have slowly undergone changes in their colors, feathers and other talents．”可知，除了其他的压力，天堂鸟开始专注于吸引配偶。在数百万年的时间里，它们慢慢地经历了颜色、羽毛和其他才能的变化。天堂鸟进化了鲜艳的颜色是为了吸引配偶的注意。故选D。 6．What caused so many birds of paradise to die in the early 1900s? A．Industrial development destroyed their habitat． B．A high demand for feathers to use in hats． C．They were eaten by the predators． D．They got sick after interactions with humans． 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In the past, demand for the bird's feathers resulted in a huge amount of hunting．At the peak of the trade in the early 1900s, 80, 000 skins a year were exported from New Guinea to Europe ladies' hats．”可知，20世纪初，由于用于女士帽子装饰的羽毛需求量很大，所以很多天堂鸟被猎杀。故选B。 7．Why do local people continue to hunt birds of paradise? A．To eat them． B．To protect smaller birds． C．To make traditional costumes． D．To keep their numbers down． 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Nowadays, few birds die for fashion or for traditional costumes．．．”可知，仪式用的羽毛是代代相传的。尽管当地居民仍被允许狩猎鸟类以用作传统用途，但他们通常以年老的雄鸟为目标，让年轻的雄鸟继续繁殖。当地人继续猎杀天堂鸟是因为传统用途。故选C。 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Feathers of Love B．Trouble in Paradise C．An Amazing Performance D．The Protection of Birds of Paradise 解析：选A。主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Except for other pressures, birds of paradise begin to specialize in attracting mates．”以及最后一段“For millions of years, these impressive birds have danced to find their mates．They will keep dancing．．．”再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了天堂鸟羽毛的进化以及其利用自己色彩鲜艳的羽毛通过跳舞来寻找配偶的求偶方式。由此可知，Feathers of Love(爱之羽毛)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 Ⅱ．七选五(每题2分，共10分) How to Stop Life Getting You Down There's a saying—“If you and everyone else threw your problems onto the pile, you'd take yours back immediately once you saw everyone else's”．1( ) Others are probably dealing with their own problems just like you．So when things start to get you down, how can you pick yourself back up? 2( ) If you're struggling or feeling down, always remember that you don't have to be alone．You don't need to be on your own, either．3( ) If you don't feel able to talk to friends or family, you'll find support groups that can provide you with ideas or at least listen to you．You'll also find that online forums (论坛) and social media sites can provide opportunities to connect and ask for help．Try out a new hobby．Hobbies don't just fill time; they also help to give you a sense of purpose．Try out a new sport, learn to dance or perhaps join a chess club．Many hobbies also provide opportunities for social interaction．4( ) Try to appreciate the little things．Those that have bounced back from a serious illness often state that they've been given a new chance of life and that they wake up each morning feeling grateful for just being able to wake up．5( )Go out for dinner and make efforts to truly appreciate your meal or lie back on your bed, surrounded by total silence, and simply focus on how it feels to breathe and to relax．If you can't focus on the silence, you can instead choose background noise． A．Reach out． B．Turn to your friends or family． C．Bad experiences are part of life for us all． D．Friends will be happy to help and make you joyful． E．Enjoy the beauty of a flower or a simple sunny day． F．Talking and making new friends will raise your spirits． G．A new attitude to ordinary life can make you feel more positive． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。人生不可能一帆风顺。当生活开始让你感到沮丧时，怎么才能找回自己的积极状态呢？本篇提供一些防止生活让你沮丧的建议。 1．解析：选C。根据空后的“Others are probably dealing with their own problems just like you．”可推知，此处是说每个人都会遇到问题，处理难题的方式或许跟你一样。故C项“糟糕的经历是我们所有人生活的一部分”符合语境。 2．解析：选A。根据本段中的“always remember that you don't have to be alone”及“you'll find support groups that can provide you with ideas”可知，本段是说如果有问题不要一个人扛着，要向别人求助，故A项符合语境。 3．解析：选B。根据空前“You don't need to be on your own, either．”以及空后提到的friends or family可知，B项“Turn to your friends or family(向你的朋友或家人求助)”符合语境。 4．解析：选F。根据空前一句“Many hobbies also provide opportunities for social interaction．”可知，此空可能会说明这样做的好处，故F项“交谈和结交新朋友会振奋你的精神”符合语境。 5．解析：选G。根据本段中的“they've been given a new chance of life and that they wake up each morning feeling grateful for just being able to wake up”以及空后的内容可知，空后的内容是对此空的进一步举例说明，故答案为G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$