内容正文:
一、词汇过关
1. 答案:sand
- 解析:“sand”意为“沙”,是不可数名词,“在沙滩上看到很多贝壳”,用“sand”符合语境。
2. 答案:kilometres
- 解析:“kilometre”表示“千米”,“three”修饰可数名词复数,所以用“kilometres”。
3. 答案:over
- 解析:“be over”是固定短语,意思是“结束”,这里指课将在十分钟后结束。
4. 答案:death
- 解析:“her”是形容词性物主代词,后接名词,“die”的名词形式是“death”,表示“死亡” 。
5. 答案:borrow; return
- 解析:第一空,“borrow”意为“借(入)”,“Can I borrow...”表示请求借用;第二空,“return”表示“归还”,“return sth. to sb.”意为“把某物归还给某人”。
6. 答案:on
- 解析:“be on”可以表示戏剧、演出等“开始”,且能与时间段连用,“for a quarter”表示一段时间,所以用“on” 。“begin”和“start”是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用表示持续的状态。
二、语法入门
A.用方框中所给词组的适当形式填空
1. 答案:has gone to
- 解析:根据“She wants to borrow some books.”可知姐姐去图书馆还没回来,“have gone to”表示“去了某地(还未回来)”,主语“She”是第三人称单数,所以用“has gone to”。
2. 答案:Have; been to
- 解析:“ever”常用于现在完成时的疑问句中,询问是否去过香港,“have been to”表示“去过某地(已回来)”,主语是“you”,所以用“Have; been to” 。
3. 答案:has; been in
- 解析:“How long”询问多长时间,“for two years”表示时间段,“have been in”表示“在某地待了多长时间”,主语“your friend”是第三人称单数,所以用“has; been in” 。
4. 答案:have gone to
- 解析:男生们去操场打篮球,现在不在说话地点,“have gone to”表示去了某地还未回来,主语“They”是复数,所以用“have gone to” 。
5. 答案:Have; been to
- 解析:“yet”常用于现在完成时的疑问句中,询问是否去过新博物馆,“have been to”表示去过某地,主语是“you”,所以用“Have; been to” 。
6. 答案:has; been to
- 解析:“How many times”询问次数,“have been to”表示“去过某地(已回来)”,主语“she”是第三人称单数,所以用“has; been to” 。
B.选择填空
1. 答案:C
- 解析:“for a week”表示时间段,“buy”是短暂性动词,不能和时间段连用,要转化为延续性动词“have”,现在完成时结构为“have/has +过去分词”,主语是“I”,所以用“have had” 。
2. 答案:C
- 解析:“for 20 years”表示时间段,“get married”是短暂性动词短语,不能和时间段连用,“be married”表示结婚的状态,可以和时间段连用,现在完成时结构为“have/has +过去分词”,主语“My parents”是复数,所以用“have been married” 。
3. 答案:A
- 解析:“since”后接时间点,“for”后接时间段,“since he was six”表示“自从他六岁起”,用于现在完成时;“for six years ago”表达错误;“six years ago”用于一般过去时;“at the age of six”用于一般过去时。所以选A。
4. 答案:C
- 解析:“for three months”表示时间段,“join”“take part in”“enter”都是短暂性动词,不能和时间段连用,“be in”表示“在……里;加入”,可以和时间段连用,现在完成时结构为“have/has +过去分词”,主语是“She”,所以用“has been in” 。
5. 答案:B
- 解析:“for an hour”表示时间段,“fall asleep”“go to bed”“go to sleep”都是短暂性动词短语,不能和时间段连用,“be asleep”表示睡着的状态,可以和时间段连用,现在完成时结构为“have/has +过去分词”,主语是“The baby”,所以用“has been asleep” 。
6. 答案:B
- 解析:“I was born”是时间点,“since”后接时间点,引导时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时,所以选“since” 。“for”后接时间段;“when”表示“当……时候”,引导时间状语从句,主从句时态根据具体情况而定;“after”表示“在……之后”,引导时间状语从句,主从句时态也根据具体情况而定。
7. 答案:A
- 解析:“Mrs Wang has already cooked dinner”是现在完成时的肯定句,反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否”原则,助动词是“has”,所以反意疑问句部分用“hasn't she” 。
8. 答案:B
- 解析:“since”引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。“came”是“come”的一般过去式,“have visited”是“visit”的现在完成时形式,所以选B。
C.句型转换
1. 答案:How long has; worked
- 解析:对“since 2015”(表示时间段)提问,用“How long”,现在完成时的特殊疑问句结构为“How long + have/has +主语+过去分词”,主语“My mother”是第三人称单数,助动词用“has”,“work”的过去分词是“worked” 。
2. 答案:has been on since
- 解析:“started”是短暂性动词,不能和时间段连用,“be on”表示“上演;进行”,可以和时间段连用,“since twenty minutes ago”表示“自从二十分钟前”,所以转换为“The film has been on since twenty minutes ago.” 。
3. 答案:has been in; for
- 解析:“joined”是短暂性动词,不能和时间段连用,“be in”表示“在……里;加入”,可以和时间段连用,“for about a term”表示“大约一个学期”,所以转换为“Lucy has been in the English club for about a term.” 。
4. 答案:died; ago
- 解析:“has been dead for five days”表示“已经死了五天了”,可以转换为一般过去时的句子“The fish died five days ago.” 。
5. 答案:has been to
- 解析:“went to Nanjing in 2019 and 2021”表示去过南京两次,“have been to”表示“去过某地(已回来)”,主语“Mike”是第三人称单数,所以用“has been to” 。
三、根据中文完成句子
1. 答案:has been back
- 解析:“since four days ago”表示“自从四天前”,是现在完成时的时间状语,“回来”用“be back”,现在完成时结构为“have/has +过去分词”,主语“He”是第三人称单数,所以用“has been back” 。
2. 答案:be away from
- 解析:“离开学校”用“be away from my school”,“will”后接动词原形,所以用“be away from” 。“leave”是短暂性动词,不能和时间段“for a month”连用。
3. 答案:has gone to; has been there
- 解析:第一空,“去了车站”用“has gone to the station”,表示去了还没回来;第二空,“for half an hour”表示时间段,“去了某地(在那里待了一段时间)”用“have been there”,主语“He”是第三人称单数,所以用“has been there” 。
4. 答案:How many times has; been to
- 解析:询问去过某地的次数用“How many times”,“去过北京”用“have been to Beijing”,主语“your sister”是第三人称单数,助动词用“has” 。
5. 答案:have you had
- 解析:“买”用“buy”,但“buy”是短暂性动词,不能和时间段“How long”连用,要转化为延续性动词“have”,现在完成时的特殊疑问句结构为“How long + have/has +主语+过去分词”,主语是“you”,所以用“have you had” 。
6. 答案:has been closed
- 解析:“关门”用“close”,但“close”是短暂性动词,不能和时间段“for an hour”连用,要转化为延续性动词短语“be closed”,现在完成时结构为“have/has +过去分词”,主语“The library”是第三人称单数,所以用“has been closed” 。
7. 答案:keep the book
- 解析:“借”用“borrow”,但“borrow”是短暂性动词,不能和时间段“for two weeks”连用,要转化为延续性动词“keep”,“can”后接动词原形,所以用“keep the book” 。
8. 答案:Has; begun; has been on
- 解析:第一空,“比赛开始了吗”用现在完成时的一般疑问句“Has the match begun”;第二空,“for five minutes”表示时间段,“begin”是短暂性动词,不能和时间段连用,要转化为“be on”,所以用“has been on” 。
9. 答案:did you buy; have had
- 解析:第一空,询问“什么时候买的”,用一般过去时的特殊疑问句“when did you buy”;第二空,“for four months”表示时间段,“buy”是短暂性动词,不能和时间段连用,要转化为延续性动词“have”,现在完成时结构为“have/has +过去分词”,主语是“I”,所以用“have had” 。
四、选用for或since填空
1. 答案:for
- 解析:“half an hour”是时间段,“for”后接时间段,表示动作持续的时间长度。
2. 答案:since
- 解析:“last Monday”是时间点,“since”后接时间点,表示“自从……以来”,用于现在完成时。
3. 答案:for
- 解析:“four years”是时间段,“for”后接时间段,所以用“for” 。
4. 答案:Since
- 解析:“last year”是时间点,“since”后接时间点,引导现在完成时的时间状语,所以用“Since” 。
5. 答案:since
- 解析:“I joined this club”是时间点,“since”后接时间点,用于现在完成时,“It's +时间段+ since...”表示“自从……以来已经多长时间了” 。
6. 答案:since
- 解析:“they were young”是时间点,“since”后接时间点,引导现在完成时的时间状语,所以用“since” 。
7. 答案:since
- 解析:“the school built the new library”是时间点,“since”后接时间点,用于现在完成时,所以用“since” 。
8. 答案:For
- 解析:“two weeks”是时间段,“for”后接时间段,所以用“For” 。
五、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. 答案:have planted
- 解析:“already”是现在完成时的标志词,现在完成时结构为“have/has +过去分词”,主语“The students”是复数,“plant”的过去分词是“planted”,所以用“have planted” 。
2. 答案:Have; visited
- 解析:“yet”常用于现在完成时的疑问句中,现在完成时的一般疑问句结构为“Have/Has +主语+过去分词”,主语是“they”,“visit”的过去分词是“visited”,所以用“Have; visited” 。
3. 答案:haven't heard
- 解析:“since last month”是现在完成时的时间状语,现在完成时结构为“have/has +过去分词”,主语是“I”,否定形式在“have”后加“not”,“hear”的过去分词是“heard”,所以用“haven't heard” 。
4. 答案:have made
- 解析:“So far”是现在完成时的标志词,现在完成时结构为“have/has +过去分词”,主语是“I”,“make”的过去分词是“made”,所以用“have made” 。
5. 答案:has worked
- 解析:“for 12 years”是时间段,用于现在完成时,现在完成时结构为“have/has +过去分词”,主语“Mr Zhang”是第三人称单数,“work”的过去分词是“worked”,所以用“has worked” 。
6. 答案:have studied; started
- 解析:“since”引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。“start”的一般过去式是“started”,“study”的现在完成时形式,主语是“I”,用“have studied” 。
7. 答案:has; fallen
- 解析:“just”常用于现在完成时,现在完成时结构为“have/has +过去分词”,主语“The baby”是第三人称单数,“fall”的过去分词是“fallen”,所以用“has; fallen” 。
8. 答案:have improved
- 解析:“in the past few years”是现在完成时的标志词,现在完成时结构为“have/has +过去分词”,主语“Our lives”是复数,“improve”的过去分词是“improved”,所以用“have improved” 。
9. 答案:important
- 解析:“It is +形容词+ for sb. to do sth.”是固定句型,意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”,“importance”的形容词形式是“important”,所以用“important” 。
10. 答案:was; has become
- 解析:第一空,根据“but now”可知,前半句说的是过去的情况,用一般过去时,“be”的过去式,主语“My school”是单数,用“was”;第二空,“now”表示现在,强调学校从过去到现在的变化,用现在完成时,现在完成时结构为“have/has +过去分词”,主语“My school”是第三人称单数,“become”的过去分词是“become”,所以用“has become” 。
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译林版八下英语Unit 2 Travelling语法练习(二)
一、词汇过关
根据句意或中文提示,写出句中所缺单词。
1. We can see a lot of shells on the _____(沙).
2. The museum is about three _____(千米)away from our school.
3. The class will be _____(结束)in ten minutes. Let's get ready for the next one.
4. Her _____(死)was a great shock to her family.
5. —Can I _____(借)your dictionary?
—Sure, but please _____(归还)it to me tomorrow.
6. The play has been _____(开始)for a quarter. We missed the beginning.
二、语法入门
A.用方框中所给词组的适当形式填空。
have been (to) have gone (to) have been (in)
1. —Where is your sister?
—She__________ the library. She wants to borrow some books.
2. —_____ you ever_____Hong Kong?
—Yes. It's a really exciting place.
3. —How long_____your friend_____Japan?
—For two years. He is studying there.
4. —Where are the boys?
—They__________the playground. They are playing basketball.
5. — _____you_____the new museum yet?
—No, I haven't. I'm going there this weekend.
6. —How many times_____she _____Paris?
—Twice. She loves the city very much.
B.选择填空。
( )1. —Look at my new camera. I_____it for a week.
A. have bought B. bought C. have had D. had
( )2. My parents_____for 20 years. They are still very much in love.
A. got married B. have married C. have been married D. were married
( )3. My cousin has learned painting_____.
A. since he was six B. for six years ago C. six years ago D. at the age of six
( )4. She_____the art club for three months. She has made many friends there.
A. has joined B. has taken part in C. has been in D. has entered
( )5. The baby_____for an hour. Don't make any noise.
A. has fallen asleep B. has been asleep C. has gone to bed D. has gone to sleep
( )6. I have lived in this city_____I was born.
A. for B. since C. when D. after
( )7. Mrs Wang has already cooked dinner, _____she?
A. hasn't B. has C. isn't D. is
( )8. We_____many interesting places since we_____here.
A. visited; came B. have visited; came
C. have visited; have come D. visited; have come
C.句型转换。
1. My mother has worked in the hospital since 2015. (对划线部分提问)
_____your mother_____in the hospital?
2. The film started twenty minutes ago. (同义句转换)
The film_____twenty minutes ago.
3. Lucy joined the English club last term. (同义句转换)
Lucy_____the English club_____about a term.
4. The fish has been dead for five days. (同义句转换)
The fish__________five days.
5. Mike went to Nanjing in 2019 and 2021. (同义句转换)
Mike _______________Nanjing twice.
三、根据中文完成句子
1. 别着急,他回来已经四天了。
Don't worry. He__________since four days ago.
2. 我将离开学校一个月。
I will__________my school for a month.
3. 我爸爸去车站了。他去那儿半个小时了。
My father__________ the station. He__________for half an hour.
4. ——你姐姐去过北京几次?
——只有一次。
— __________your sister__________Beijing?
—Only once.
5. 你的手表买了多长时间了?
How long__________your watch?
6. 图书馆关门一个小时了。
The library__________for an hour.
7. 这本书你只能借两个星期。
You can only_______________for two weeks.
8. ——比赛开始了吗?
——是的,开始了五分钟了。
— __________the match__________?
—Yes. It__________for five minutes.
9. ——你的新手机是什么时候买的?
——哦,我买了四个月了。
—When__________ the new mobile phone?
—Well, I__________it for four months.
四、选用for或since填空
1. We have waited for the bus __________ half an hour.
2. The old man has been ill ___________ last Monday.
3. Has your friend studied Japanese ___________ four years?
4. —How long haven't they written to each other? —_______ last year.
5. It's five months __________ I joined this club.
6. My parents have known each other _________ they were young.
7. It has been a year _________ the school built the new library.
8. —How long have you had this camera? — _________ two weeks.
五、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The students ___________ (plant) many trees in the park already. It looks much greener.
2. — _________ they _______ (visit) the Great Wall yet? —Yes, they have.
3. —I _________ (not hear) from my pen pal since last month.
—Maybe you can write to him first.
4. So far, I _____________ (make) a lot of friends in my new school.
5. Mr Zhang ______________ (work) in this company for 12 years.
6. I ___________ (study) English since I __________ (start) primary school.
7. Be quiet! The baby ________ just ___________ (fall) asleep.
8. Our lives ________________ (improve) a lot in the past few years.
9. It is _________ (importance) for us to protect the environment.
10. My school _________ (be) small and old, but now it __________ (become) big and modern.
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