Unit 3 Sea Exploration (人与自然：海洋探索)-【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语单元阅读提升（人教版2019选择性必修第四册）

选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration（人教版2019） 人与自然：海洋探索 单元引言解读 They (oceans) provide a breeding ground for life, connect the world and promote development.—Xi Jinping释义：Oceans are home to life; oceans connect all parts of the world; oceans have also promoted human development. 启示：本单元的引言出自国家主席习近平致“2019年中国海洋经济博览会”开幕的贺信。原文为“海洋孕育了生命、联通了世界、促进了发展。”习近平主席用诗意的语言，高度概括了海洋对社会生存和人类发展的意义。 名言名句积累 人与自然：海洋探索 1．To live in harmony with the ocean, we should develop the habit of cutting down on waste and saving every drop of water. 为了与海洋和谐相处，我们应该养成减少浪费、节约每一滴水的习惯。 2．The ocean provides so many benefits, almost in every aspect of our life, ensuring the existence and development of humans. 海洋提供了如此多的好处，几乎在我们生活的方方面面，确保了人类的生存和发展。 3．All in all, I would like to appeal to/call on everyone to cut down on waste, making your own contributions to a clean ocean. 总之，我想呼吁大家减少浪费，为清洁的海洋做出自己的贡献。 4．If we want to make a country rich and powerful, we cannot leave the sea behind.It is from the sea that wealth comes, and from the sea that danger comes. 欲国家富强，不可置海洋于不顾。财富取之于海，危险亦来自海上。 5．Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. 生活没有目标就像航海没有罗盘。 6．You only know the answer: Exploration of travel one hundred and ten thousand km, is a big number, one can see, can say that nothing is too strange. 你只知道答案：十一万公里的探索行程，是个大场面，一路所见，可以说无奇不有。 7．Marine pollution has been greatly concerned by the whole world. 海洋污染已经成为全世界广泛关注的问题。 8．The governments need to look for ways of giving those who exploit the resources of the sea an interest in their conversation. 政府需要寻求一些措施，使那些利用海洋资源的人对保护海洋产生兴趣。 9．As history shows us, where there is a river, there is civilization. 正如历史向我们展示的，有河流的地方就有文明。 时文拓展阅读 Narwhal population affected by underwater noise pollution Of all the creatures on the planet, the narwhal is one of the strangest looking. It’s a whale which has a large protruding tusk coming out of its head; that’s how it got its nickname, the unicorn of the sea. They live in the Arctic Ocean off the coast of Canada, Russia and East Greenland. However, experts say some populations of narwhal could be extinct by 2025, and it’s all because of noise pollution. Narwhals rely on echolocation, which they use to find food and navigate their surroundings. The animal produces a sound wave which bounces off an object. They pick this reflected sound up through their lower jaw, and information on features like size and speed passes to their ears. However, increase in human marine activity, as well as climate change, has resulted in the Arctic Ocean becoming noisier, which means it’s more difficult for narwhals to rely on sound. Susanna Blackwell, who studies the effects of underwater noise on marine animals, told the BBC that there is noisier activity in the Arctic Ocean than ever because, as sea ice melts, new navigation routes are opening. And while icebergs breaking and creaking have been part of the ocean soundscape for hundreds of years, man-made noise is much harder for animals to adapt to, particularly as these changes are so sudden. Research published in Science Advances in 2023 recorded the reactions of narwhals to the simulated noises of oil expeditions made by a patrol vessel. The scientists tagged and tracked the creatures and found that, on hearing these sounds, they ended deep dives and stopped clicking, the echolocation signal they use for finding food underwater. This is the same reaction narwhals have to orcas, who hunt them, meaning human-made noise could trigger the creature’s ‘threat button’. So, what can we do? Charlotte Findlay, a postdoctoral fellow at Aarhus University, says “noise is actually quite easy to solve. We need to either turn it off or turn it down.” 【译文欣赏】 海洋噪音污染导致一角鲸数量下降 在地球上所有的生物中，独角鲸是长相最为奇特的生物之一。它是一种鲸鱼，头上长着一根巨大的突出长牙，这也正是它获得 “海洋独角兽” 这一昵称的原因。独角鲸生活在加拿大、俄罗斯和格陵兰岛东部海岸附近的北冰洋海域。然而，专家称，到 2025 年，某些独角鲸种群可能会灭绝，而这一切都是由噪音污染导致的。 独角鲸依赖回声定位来寻找食物并在周围环境中辨别方向。这种动物会发出一种声波，声波碰到物体后会反射回来。它们通过下颚接收到反射回来的声音，关于物体大小和速度等特征的信息就会传递到它们的耳朵里。 然而，人类海洋活动的增加以及气候变化，导致北冰洋变得更加嘈杂，这意味着独角鲸更难以依靠声音来生存。研究水下噪音对海洋动物影响的苏珊娜・布莱克韦尔告诉英国广播公司，北冰洋的噪音活动比以往任何时候都要多，因为随着海冰融化，新的航行路线正在开辟。虽然数百年来，冰山断裂和发出的嘎吱声一直是海洋声音环境的一部分，但人造噪音让动物们更难以适应，尤其是因为这些变化来得如此突然。 2023 年发表在《科学进展》上的一项研究记录了独角鲸对一艘巡逻船模拟石油勘探噪音的反应。科学家们给这些动物贴上标签并进行追踪，结果发现，独角鲸一听到这些声音，就会停止深潜，也不再发出 “咔哒” 声 —— 它们在水下寻找食物时所使用的回声定位信号。这和独角鲸面对捕食它们的虎鲸时的反应是一样的，这意味着人造噪音可能会触发这种生物的 “威胁按钮”。 那么，我们能做些什么呢？奥胡斯大学的博士后研究员夏洛特・芬德利说：“噪音问题实际上很容易解决。我们要么关掉噪音源，要么把噪音调低。” 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 echolocation （动物的）回声定位 bounce off 从……反弹 lower jaw 下颌骨 marine activity 海洋活动 marine animals 海洋动物 navigation route 航线 soundscape 声景 adapt to 适应 tag 标记，给动物植入定位芯片 track 跟踪 deep dive 深潜 click （鲸鱼等动物）发出短而尖的声音 orca 虎鲸 hunt 捕猎 【知识拓展】 一角鲸是一种头上长有长牙的海洋哺乳动物。专家表示，随着气候变暖，海冰融化，船舶航线增多，海洋噪声增加，到2025年，一角鲸有可能会因海洋噪音污染而灭绝。本期 “随身英语” 介绍这种被人称作 “海洋独角兽” 的动物所面临的生存威胁。 【词汇延伸】 marine animals 海洋动物 综合实战演练 （一） 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B.She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D.She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B.Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D.There was no space for school gardens. 6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B.Predictable. C. Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape ( 主旨大意 题解题攻略 1. 主旨题的标志 ：mainly about,mainly discuss,the best title 2.串线法： 抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体 。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章;针对自然段多的文章，主旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的) 3. 小心首段陷阱 。 4.主旨题错误选项的 干扰特征 经常是： ① 局部信息 ，即选项的内容小于文章的内容; ② 范围过宽 ，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。 5.逆向思维法、快速作文法： 在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发 ，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。 ) ( Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. 此句为主从复合句，主句为动名词做主语，many of whom引导非限制性定语从句。 翻译： 此外，在花园里劳作似乎对哈拉米约的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都存在情绪控制方面的问题。 ) ( 1.weed n./v. 杂草，除杂草 2.harvest v./n. 收获 3.low-income 低收入的 4.environmental awareness 环境意识 5.healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 6.initially adv. 开始 7.be eager to 渴望 8.hands-on experiment 实地实验 9.flower-and-seed dissection 花卉和种子解剖 10.several times 数次 11.entire school 整个学校 12.program evaluation 项目的评估 13.benefit v./n. 受益，好处 14.go beyond 不仅限于 15.emotional control issue 情绪控制问题 ) 全文翻译 翻耕土壤、拔除杂草、收割卷心菜，这些活儿听起来对于中学生来说是繁重的体力劳动。艾比・哈拉米洛表示，起初确实如此。她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校开展了一个名为 “城市新芽” 的校园菜园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、增强环保意识，并养成健康的生活方式。 哈拉米洛的学生们所居住的社区很难找到新鲜食物和绿地，而且快餐店的数量比杂货店还要多。她说：“孩子们来学校的时候，手里真的拿着一袋袋零食和大瓶的汽水。他们刚来的时候觉得蔬菜难吃，泥土脏，昆虫也很可怕。” 虽然有些学生一开始害怕昆虫，也讨厌泥土，但大多数人都渴望尝试新事物。 “城市新芽” 项目的课程在两所初中和两所高中开展，课程内容包括一些实践实验，比如土壤检测、花卉和种子解剖、品尝新鲜或风干的农产品，以及在菜园里劳作。学生们每年会有几次机会烹饪自己种植的蔬菜，偶尔还会为全校师生制作沙拉。 项目评估显示，参加课程后，孩子们吃的蔬菜更多了。哈拉米洛说：“我们有些学生说，他们回家和父母聊了聊，现在一家人的饮食都不一样了。” 她还补充道，这个项目的好处不仅仅体现在营养方面。一些学生对园艺产生了浓厚的兴趣，他们会把种子带回家，开辟自己的小菜园。此外，在菜园里劳作似乎对哈拉米洛所教的特殊教育学生有安抚作用，这些学生中有很多人存在情绪控制方面的问题。她说：“他们到户外去，会有一种成就感。” （二） （24-25高二上·江苏宿迁·期末）Today, pets are more than just animals. They are recognized as an integral part of families worldwide, deserving of love and care, and the very best technology can offer them.IFETCH FRENZY £39/$39.99 GOIFETCH. COM This brain game for dogs will keep your dog guessing where the next ball is coming from. Simply drop the ball into the top and it will reappear randomly through one of the three holes at the base. There are no electronics within iFetch Frenzy, as it relies entirely on gravity to move the balls. IFetch Frenzy might be a great toy for older dogs that don’t have the energy to race after far-flung balls, but still enjoy chasing them.WICKED BALL SE £39/$39.99 CHEERBLE. COM Ideal for small pets with a lot of energy, Wicked Ball SE is an interactive toy that’s sure to become your pet’s new best friend. There are three modes to choose from, which will cause the ball to either bounce on contact or continually roll around at random in a game of chase. Wicked Ball SE is made from natural rubber for a gentle feel in your pet’s mouth and helps reduce the noise of a bouncing ball in the house.PETKIT PURA MAX £599/$569 PETKIT. COM PETKIT PURA MAX is an automatic self-cleaning litter box that comes with impressive five cleaning modes and a tracking system to monitor your cat’s health. PURA MAX has enough storage to allow up to 15 days without needing to scoop poop (收集粪便) for one cat. The 76-litre volume is large enough for most cats and its low entrance means that all cats can easily hop inside. Through the companion app, this high-tech litter box not only cleans itself but also measures your cat’s weight, toilet duration and frequency so that you can keep track of their health. 1．Which type of dogs is iFetch Frenzy highly recommended for? A．Young and energetic dogs. B．Older dogs with less energy. C．Dogs that prefer water play. D．Dogs that enjoy electronic toys. 2．What is the primary function of PURA MAX? A．To train cats to use the litter box. B．To provide entertainment for cats. C．To clean itself and monitor cats’ health. D．To offer comfortable resting places for cats. 3．Who are the target readers of the passage? A．Children interested in new technology. B．Shopkeepers seeking high-quality toys. C．Pet owners looking for new pet products. D．Vets specializing in treating small animals. （三） （24-25高三下·安徽·阶段练习）It’s 7 AM. I’ve got to Milan Linate airport two hours before my plane to Bari, and already things are going horribly wrong. The airline won’t let my cats fly with me, despite having all the required documents. Two uniformed men insist my carry-cage is wrong. I tell them honestly that I flew with it from Britain the day before — the very same airline to this very airport, but they’re having none of it. As I picture missing my flight and going overnight on the train, something on my face clearly touches them. Finally, they agree I can travel, but I must double-secure the cage. Traveling with pets is a horrible process. There are endless things to take care of before flying: vaccines (疫苗), documents, and then simply dealing with the cats themselves. The first time I flew with my cats, when I came back home from Russia, I worried about how they’d cope with the journey. Surprisingly, everything went smoothly. My cats sat quietly on the train, were accepted for flight, and when they reappeared in Yerevan airport, Armenia, they looked completely unbothered. But in Yerevan there was a problem to deal with — wrong vaccine meant I couldn’t return to Western Europe for months. I found a cat-proof flat, and dealt with the vaccine issue. Then we landed in Italy, where getting the cats in had been no problem — the Italians barely looked at those hard-fought documents — but back to Britain? Much harder. Officially animals can be flown into the UK — but almost no airline’s prepared to do it. The only option was to fly to Paris and get a train to Calais. After eight months of travel, I finally got my cats back home. Despite the trouble, the bond I’ve formed with my cats over these difficult months is something I wouldn’t trade. Their patience and trust have made me realize that these challenges have been some of the most meaningful moments of my life. 1．Why did the two customs officers decide to let the author fly with his cats? A．The author’s expression softened them. B．The author’s explanation convinced them. C．The author presented sufficient documents. D．The author doubled-secured his carry-cage. 2．In which country was the author stuck the longest? A．Russia. B．Italy. C．Armenia. D．France. 3．Which word best describes the author’s return journey from Russia to the UK? A．Smooth. B．Wonder-filled. C．Dangerous. D．Time-consuming. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Horror of Travelling with Pets. B．The First Time I Travelled with Pets. C．Pets and Passports: An Unlikely Adventure. D．From Russia to Britain: Reuniting with My Pets. （四） （24-25高一上·浙江宁波·期末）Male mosquitoes may be nearly as blood-thirsty as females under certain conditions, new research suggests. Male mosquitoes, which are normally disinterested in blood, will take blood meals when they are dehydrated (脱水), the scientist Jason Rasgon of Penn State and his colleagues report in a paper. The finding overturns the idea that only female mosquitoes bite, drink blood and spread diseases. Males may not be totally harmless. A student in Rasgon’s lab noticed that male mosquitoes would sometimes feed on blood in a tray covered by a thin artificial membrane (人工膜) when researchers took away water. Rasgon wanted to know if thirsty males would try to get blood from a person, so he stuck his hand in cages containing male mosquitoes. Hydrated males mostly ignored him, but dehydrated males would land and examine his skin. One even bit him but hardly got into the first layer of the skin. “I was shocked,” says Rasgon. Male mosquitoes’ long, tubelike mouth parts aren’t able to bite skin deeply enough to draw blood. But a wound caused by Rasgon’s cat allowed him to test whether males could get blood another way. Sure enough, a dehydrated male mosquito drank blood from the open wound. In another experiment, male mosquitoes that were genetically engineered to be unable to sense wetness didn’t take blood meals more often when lacking water. Those findings suggest that males may go for blood to satisfy their thirst. One earlier research paper showed that blood was harmful to male mosquitoes. Scientists thought all male mosquitoes didn’t have the ability to break down blood. But in Rasgon’s experiment, male mosquitoes fed only blood lived as long as those that didn’t get blood, and even a little bit longer. 1．What is discovered in Rasgon’s research according to Paragraph 1? A．That female mosquitoes may be harmful. B．That only female mosquitoes drink blood. C．That male mosquitoes may bite and drink blood. D．That male mosquitoes are disinterested in blood. 2．How did Rasgon carry out his research? A．By taking away water. B．By experimenting on himself. C．By placing his cat in the cage. D．By creating a thin artificial membrane. 3．What didn’t Rasgon expect in his research? A．Male mosquitoes would be able to bite deeply into human skin. B．Male mosquitoes would try to drink human blood when dehydrated. C．Female mosquitoes would become interested in blood when hydrated. D．Female mosquitoes would prefer water over blood meals when dehydrated. 4．What did one earlier research paper show? A．Blood would bring harm to male mosquitoes. B．Blood would make mosquitoes more harmful. C．Male mosquitoes were able to break down blood. D．Male mosquitoes fed blood would live as long or longer. （五） （2025高三下·全国·专题练习）It has long been thought that only humans have personalities (个性), but in recent decades personalities have been found in animals. Personalities have been related to many life-history features, but also to cognitive (认知的 ) abilities, like learning or work performance in humans. Research in animals has shown that more exploratory individuals are able to learn to solve several different learning tasks faster. Therefore, Vedrana Šlipogor and his group from the University of Vienna focused on exploring whether this connection also exists in monkeys and to what degree this connection is related to their relationships with family group members. The researchers assessed (评估) the personalities of these monkeys individually by measuring their reactions in different kinds of tasks, such as their contact with strange objects, or time taken to go near a toy snake. With the help of these tasks, they found that some monkeys were highly adventurous and brave, while others tried to avoid such things and keep a distance. The study results largely supported that personality could predict the learning speed of these monkeys. However, social factors were also important: family group membership of these monkeys appeared to influence how quickly they learned in different tasks. Specifically, brave monkeys learned faster than shy monkeys, which was especially clear among some family group members. “It seems that both certain personality features as well as social environment have an effect on individual changes in cognition in monkeys,” Šlipogor says. “In our future studies we aim to see whether these findings are in line with other tasks that are perhaps more cognitively demanding for the monkeys, and whether this effect can be found in other highly social animals.” 1．What inspired Šlipogor to study the monkeys? A．The personality features of animals. B．His interest in monkeys’ family relationships. C．His curiosity about monkeys’ performing abilities. D．The surprising finding of the recent research in animals. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The research tool. B．The research object. C．The research process. D．The research impact. 3．How did the brave monkeys differ from the shy ones? A．They had better family relationships. B．They tended to avoid strange things. C．They showed higher learning speed. D．They were more affected by social factors. 4．What may Šlipogor do in the future studies on the monkeys? A．Change the research direction on them. B．Study their relation with other animals. C．Explore more of their personality features. D．Keep watching more related research results. （六） （24-25高二上·山东聊城·期末）Finding a bird scared after striking a window can be a surprising and heartbreaking experience. 1 Observe the bird The advice is that any bird that has collided with a window should be seen by a rehabber (康复师). Most window-collision birds will have some degree of eye injury. 2 Even if they can fly away and do not look injured, some 70% of birds that have collided with glass will not recover themselves if they are not treated. Get a bird to a rehabber Approach the bird slowly from behind and gently capture it in your hands, with a bag prepared nearby. Some birds will be so surprised that they won’t even notice; others will shock and scream and may try to escape. However, this is a fear response. 3 For smaller birds, the best “ambulance” is a paper bag, like a lunch bag or a small paper shopping bag. Birds may still flap around inside, and the paper is soft enough that they won’t further injure themselves like they might if they are in a hard cardboard box or animal carrier. You can poke a few holes in the bag, though it is not necessary if the bird is not going to be inside for more than a few hours. 4 Absolutely do not give the bird water or food. If you can’t get to a rehabber If you absolutely cannot take the bird to a wildlife rehabber, keep the bird safe from predators and see if it will try to fly away in a bit. After the shock of the collision, a dark, quiet place can be helpful. So consider putting the bird in a bag or box and letting it restore for a while. After 30 minutes or so, take the bag or box as far away as possible from your home and other structures. 5 If it doesn’t, close the box back up and open  it every 15 minutes until the bird is strong enough to achieve takeoff. A．Many birds will also have brain injuries. B．A box may be suitable for larger birds. C．A big box is the best choice for them. D．Open the box to allow the bird to fly out. E．It is an indication that they are hungry. F．It is not a sign that they are not injured. G．However, a little love and protection could help. （七） 完形填空 （24-25高三下·云南昭通·开学考试）Elsa and her husband Steven had a dog named Lucky. Whenever Elsa and Steven had friends over for a weekend visit, they would 1 their friends not to leave their luggage open because Lucky would hide whatever 2 his attention. Certainly, someone would forget and something would go missing. Elsa or Steven would go to Lucky’s toy box in the basement and there the 3 would be within all of Lucky’s other favorite toys. It happened that Elsa was 4 breast cancer. She 5 an operation. The night before she was to go to the hospital she embraced Lucky. 6 the three-year-old dog liked Steven, he was Elsa’s dog completely. “If I die, Lucky will be 7 ,” Elsa thought. The operation was harder than her doctors had expected. Finally the day came for Elsa to leave 8 . When she arrived home, Elsa was so exhausted. Lucky stood 9 Elsa but he didn’t come to her when she called. It made Elsa sad but 10 soon overcame her and she fell asleep. When Elsa woke, for an instant she couldn’t understand what was wrong. She couldn’t move her head and her body felt 11 and hot. But panic soon gave way to laughter when Elsa 12 the problem. She was covered with every treasure Lucky owned! While she slept, the dog made trips to the 13 bringing Elsa all his favorite things. He had covered her with his love. Elsa forgot about dying. 14 , she and Lucky began living again. It’s been 12 years now and Elsa is still cancer-free. Lucky still steals treasures and hides them in his toy box but Elsa 15 his greatest treasure. 1．A．let B．convince C．remind D．recall 2．A．drew B．fixed C．pushed D．held 3．A．books B．treasures C．key D．food 4．A．associated with B．impressed with C．charged with D．stricken with 5．A．scheduled B．made C．created D．invented 6．A．Because B．When C．Despite D．While 7．A．adopted B．adapted C．deserted D．displayed 8．A．her dog B．her family C．the hospital D．the world 9．A．staring at B．glaring at C．smiling at D．glancing at 10．A．happiness B．tiredness C．sadness D．excitement 11．A．light B．smelly C．empty D．heavy 12．A．recognized B．told C．analyzed D．calculated 13．A．hospital B．garage C．basement D．bedroom 14．A．However B．Instead C．Otherwise D．Additionally 15．A．becomes B．goes C．stores D．remains （八） 语法填空 （24-25高三下·广西·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese researchers unearthed a giant panda fossil during a recent expedition in the Shuanghe Cave in Suiyang County, southwest China’s Guizhou Province. This is the 47th giant panda fossil that they 1 (discover) in the cave so far, according to the researchers. Wang Deyuan, 2 assistant researcher at the Guizhou Academy of Sciences and head of the expedition, said that the Shuanghe Cave has well-developed cave systems and that its favorable environment provides the possibility 3 (preserve) the fossils. The first discovery of giant panda fossils 4 (document) in the 1940s. It was at that time 5 scientists found the fossilized teeth of giant pandas believed to be about 7 million years old. Giant panda fossils provide 6 (rely) resources for the research on the evolution of the species’ size. Besides, the ancient DNA 7 (find) in these fossils can provide insight 8 the eating habits and genetic evolution of giant pandas, as well as changes in the Shuanghe Cave’s paleo-climate and paleo-environment. The Shuanghe Cave has seen 23 international joint scientific expeditions since the late 1980s. A total of 47 giant panda fossils have been found in the cave, with the oldest 9 (date) back at least 100,000 years and the youngest being a few hundred years old. The Shuanghe Cave has a total 10 (long) of 437.1 kilometers, making it the longest cave in Asia and the third longest in the world. 思维素养提升 Task 1 写作项目——Write an argumentative essay on sea exploration 本单元的写作项目属于议论文体类别中的“辩论性议论文”。议论文是以议论为主要表达方式，运用一定的材料通过一定的论证方法来表明自己的立场、观点或态度的文体。议论文一般由论题、论点、论据、论证和结论构成。在议论文中，作者先就论题(某一问题或现象)提出论点，然后辅之以相关的论据，并在此基础上进行论证，以使读者同意自己的看法，最终得出结论。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 假定你是李华，最近你们班就“人类是否应该进行海洋探索”进行了讨论。请根据讨论结果，写一封80词左右的信给某英文报社的编辑报道此事。 赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法 1.获取更多的海底资源； 2.提高对地球上生命的理解。 1.造成海洋污染，导致海洋生物死亡；2.破坏生态系统。 …… ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration（人教版2019） 人与自然：海洋探索 单元引言解读 They (oceans) provide a breeding ground for life, connect the world and promote development.—Xi Jinping释义：Oceans are home to life; oceans connect all parts of the world; oceans have also promoted human development. 启示：本单元的引言出自国家主席习近平致“2019年中国海洋经济博览会”开幕的贺信。原文为“海洋孕育了生命、联通了世界、促进了发展。”习近平主席用诗意的语言，高度概括了海洋对社会生存和人类发展的意义。 名言名句积累 人与自然：海洋探索 1．To live in harmony with the ocean, we should develop the habit of cutting down on waste and saving every drop of water. 为了与海洋和谐相处，我们应该养成减少浪费、节约每一滴水的习惯。 2．The ocean provides so many benefits, almost in every aspect of our life, ensuring the existence and development of humans. 海洋提供了如此多的好处，几乎在我们生活的方方面面，确保了人类的生存和发展。 3．All in all, I would like to appeal to/call on everyone to cut down on waste, making your own contributions to a clean ocean. 总之，我想呼吁大家减少浪费，为清洁的海洋做出自己的贡献。 4．If we want to make a country rich and powerful, we cannot leave the sea behind.It is from the sea that wealth comes, and from the sea that danger comes. 欲国家富强，不可置海洋于不顾。财富取之于海，危险亦来自海上。 5．Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. 生活没有目标就像航海没有罗盘。 6．You only know the answer: Exploration of travel one hundred and ten thousand km, is a big number, one can see, can say that nothing is too strange. 你只知道答案：十一万公里的探索行程，是个大场面，一路所见，可以说无奇不有。 7．Marine pollution has been greatly concerned by the whole world. 海洋污染已经成为全世界广泛关注的问题。 8．The governments need to look for ways of giving those who exploit the resources of the sea an interest in their conversation. 政府需要寻求一些措施，使那些利用海洋资源的人对保护海洋产生兴趣。 9．As history shows us, where there is a river, there is civilization. 正如历史向我们展示的，有河流的地方就有文明。 时文拓展阅读 Narwhal population affected by underwater noise pollution Of all the creatures on the planet, the narwhal is one of the strangest looking. It’s a whale which has a large protruding tusk coming out of its head; that’s how it got its nickname, the unicorn of the sea. They live in the Arctic Ocean off the coast of Canada, Russia and East Greenland. However, experts say some populations of narwhal could be extinct by 2025, and it’s all because of noise pollution. Narwhals rely on echolocation, which they use to find food and navigate their surroundings. The animal produces a sound wave which bounces off an object. They pick this reflected sound up through their lower jaw, and information on features like size and speed passes to their ears. However, increase in human marine activity, as well as climate change, has resulted in the Arctic Ocean becoming noisier, which means it’s more difficult for narwhals to rely on sound. Susanna Blackwell, who studies the effects of underwater noise on marine animals, told the BBC that there is noisier activity in the Arctic Ocean than ever because, as sea ice melts, new navigation routes are opening. And while icebergs breaking and creaking have been part of the ocean soundscape for hundreds of years, man-made noise is much harder for animals to adapt to, particularly as these changes are so sudden. Research published in Science Advances in 2023 recorded the reactions of narwhals to the simulated noises of oil expeditions made by a patrol vessel. The scientists tagged and tracked the creatures and found that, on hearing these sounds, they ended deep dives and stopped clicking, the echolocation signal they use for finding food underwater. This is the same reaction narwhals have to orcas, who hunt them, meaning human-made noise could trigger the creature’s ‘threat button’. So, what can we do? Charlotte Findlay, a postdoctoral fellow at Aarhus University, says “noise is actually quite easy to solve. We need to either turn it off or turn it down.” 海洋噪音污染导致一角鲸数量下降 【译文欣赏】 在地球上所有的生物中，独角鲸是长相最为奇特的生物之一。它是一种鲸鱼，头上长着一根巨大的突出长牙，这也正是它获得 “海洋独角兽” 这一昵称的原因。独角鲸生活在加拿大、俄罗斯和格陵兰岛东部海岸附近的北冰洋海域。然而，专家称，到 2025 年，某些独角鲸种群可能会灭绝，而这一切都是由噪音污染导致的。 独角鲸依赖回声定位来寻找食物并在周围环境中辨别方向。这种动物会发出一种声波，声波碰到物体后会反射回来。它们通过下颚接收到反射回来的声音，关于物体大小和速度等特征的信息就会传递到它们的耳朵里。 然而，人类海洋活动的增加以及气候变化，导致北冰洋变得更加嘈杂，这意味着独角鲸更难以依靠声音来生存。研究水下噪音对海洋动物影响的苏珊娜・布莱克韦尔告诉英国广播公司，北冰洋的噪音活动比以往任何时候都要多，因为随着海冰融化，新的航行路线正在开辟。虽然数百年来，冰山断裂和发出的嘎吱声一直是海洋声音环境的一部分，但人造噪音让动物们更难以适应，尤其是因为这些变化来得如此突然。 2023 年发表在《科学进展》上的一项研究记录了独角鲸对一艘巡逻船模拟石油勘探噪音的反应。科学家们给这些动物贴上标签并进行追踪，结果发现，独角鲸一听到这些声音，就会停止深潜，也不再发出 “咔哒” 声 —— 它们在水下寻找食物时所使用的回声定位信号。这和独角鲸面对捕食它们的虎鲸时的反应是一样的，这意味着人造噪音可能会触发这种生物的 “威胁按钮”。 那么，我们能做些什么呢？奥胡斯大学的博士后研究员夏洛特・芬德利说：“噪音问题实际上很容易解决。我们要么关掉噪音源，要么把噪音调低。” 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 echolocation （动物的）回声定位 bounce off 从……反弹 lower jaw 下颌骨 marine activity 海洋活动 marine animals 海洋动物 navigation route 航线 soundscape 声景 adapt to 适应 tag 标记，给动物植入定位芯片 track 跟踪 deep dive 深潜 click （鲸鱼等动物）发出短而尖的声音 orca 虎鲸 hunt 捕猎 【知识拓展】 一角鲸是一种头上长有长牙的海洋哺乳动物。专家表示，随着气候变暖，海冰融化，船舶航线增多，海洋噪声增加，到2025年，一角鲸有可能会因海洋噪音污染而灭绝。本期 “随身英语” 介绍这种被人称作 “海洋独角兽” 的动物所面临的生存威胁。 【词汇延伸】 marine animals 海洋动物 综合实战演练 （一） 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B.She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D.She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B.Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D.There was no space for school gardens. 6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B.Predictable. C. Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。因此推断B项“体验乡村生活”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选B。 ( 主旨大意 题解题攻略 1. 主旨题的标志 ：mainly about,mainly discuss,the best title 2.串线法： 抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体 。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章;针对自然段多的文章，主旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的) 3. 小心首段陷阱 。 4.主旨题错误选项的 干扰特征 经常是： ① 局部信息 ，即选项的内容小于文章的内容; ② 范围过宽 ，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。 5.逆向思维法、快速作文法： 在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发 ，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。 ) ( Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo ’ s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. 此句为主从复合句，主句为动名词做主语，many of whom引导非限制性定语从句。 翻译： 此外，在花园里劳作似乎对哈拉米约的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都存在情绪控制方面的问题。 ) ( 1.weed   n./v. 杂草，除杂草 2.harvest   v./n. 收获 3.low-income 低收入的 4.environmental awareness 环境意识 5.healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 6.initially adv. 开始 7.be   eager to 渴望 8.hands-on experiment 实地实验 9.flower-and-seed dissection 花卉和种子解剖 10.several times 数次 11.entire school 整个学校 12.program evaluation 项目的评估 13.benefit   v./n. 受益，好处 14.go beyond 不仅限于 15.emotional control issue 情绪控制问题 ) 全文翻译 翻耕土壤、拔除杂草、收割卷心菜，这些活儿听起来对于中学生来说是繁重的体力劳动。艾比・哈拉米洛表示，起初确实如此。她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校开展了一个名为 “城市新芽” 的校园菜园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、增强环保意识，并养成健康的生活方式。 哈拉米洛的学生们所居住的社区很难找到新鲜食物和绿地，而且快餐店的数量比杂货店还要多。她说：“孩子们来学校的时候，手里真的拿着一袋袋零食和大瓶的汽水。他们刚来的时候觉得蔬菜难吃，泥土脏，昆虫也很可怕。” 虽然有些学生一开始害怕昆虫，也讨厌泥土，但大多数人都渴望尝试新事物。 “城市新芽” 项目的课程在两所初中和两所高中开展，课程内容包括一些实践实验，比如土壤检测、花卉和种子解剖、品尝新鲜或风干的农产品，以及在菜园里劳作。学生们每年会有几次机会烹饪自己种植的蔬菜，偶尔还会为全校师生制作沙拉。 项目评估显示，参加课程后，孩子们吃的蔬菜更多了。哈拉米洛说：“我们有些学生说，他们回家和父母聊了聊，现在一家人的饮食都不一样了。” 她还补充道，这个项目的好处不仅仅体现在营养方面。一些学生对园艺产生了浓厚的兴趣，他们会把种子带回家，开辟自己的小菜园。此外，在菜园里劳作似乎对哈拉米洛所教的特殊教育学生有安抚作用，这些学生中有很多人存在情绪控制方面的问题。她说：“他们到户外去，会有一种成就感。” （二） （24-25高二上·江苏宿迁·期末）Today, pets are more than just animals. They are recognized as an integral part of families worldwide, deserving of love and care, and the very best technology can offer them.IFETCH FRENZY £39/$39.99 GOIFETCH. COM This brain game for dogs will keep your dog guessing where the next ball is coming from. Simply drop the ball into the top and it will reappear randomly through one of the three holes at the base. There are no electronics within iFetch Frenzy, as it relies entirely on gravity to move the balls. IFetch Frenzy might be a great toy for older dogs that don’t have the energy to race after far-flung balls, but still enjoy chasing them.WICKED BALL SE £39/$39.99 CHEERBLE. COM Ideal for small pets with a lot of energy, Wicked Ball SE is an interactive toy that’s sure to become your pet’s new best friend. There are three modes to choose from, which will cause the ball to either bounce on contact or continually roll around at random in a game of chase. Wicked Ball SE is made from natural rubber for a gentle feel in your pet’s mouth and helps reduce the noise of a bouncing ball in the house.PETKIT PURA MAX £599/$569 PETKIT. COM PETKIT PURA MAX is an automatic self-cleaning litter box that comes with impressive five cleaning modes and a tracking system to monitor your cat’s health. PURA MAX has enough storage to allow up to 15 days without needing to scoop poop (收集粪便) for one cat. The 76-litre volume is large enough for most cats and its low entrance means that all cats can easily hop inside. Through the companion app, this high-tech litter box not only cleans itself but also measures your cat’s weight, toilet duration and frequency so that you can keep track of their health. 1．Which type of dogs is iFetch Frenzy highly recommended for? A．Young and energetic dogs. B．Older dogs with less energy. C．Dogs that prefer water play. D．Dogs that enjoy electronic toys. 2．What is the primary function of PURA MAX? A．To train cats to use the litter box. B．To provide entertainment for cats. C．To clean itself and monitor cats’ health. D．To offer comfortable resting places for cats. 3．Who are the target readers of the passage? A．Children interested in new technology. B．Shopkeepers seeking high-quality toys. C．Pet owners looking for new pet products. D．Vets specializing in treating small animals. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了三款宠物用品，旨在帮助宠物主人更好地照顾和娱乐他们的宠物。 1．细节理解题。根据IFETCH FRENZY部分最后一句“IFetch Frenzy might be a great toy for older dogs that don’t have the energy to race after far-flung balls, but still enjoy chasing them.(iFetch Frenzy可能是一款非常适合那些没有精力追逐远处球但仍喜欢追逐球的老年狗的玩具。)”可知，iFetch Frenzy这款游戏非常适合能量较低、年纪较大的狗狗。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据PETKIT PURA MAX部分第三句“PURA MAX has enough storage to allow up to 15 days without needing to scoop poop(收集粪便) for one cat. The 76-litre volume is large enough for most cats and its low entrance means that all cats can easily hop inside. Through the companion app, this high-tech litter box not only cleans itself but also measures your cat’s weight, toilet duration and frequency so that you can keep track of their health.(PURA MAX有足够的存储空间，可以让一只猫15天不需要清理粪便。76升的容量对大多数猫来说已经足够了，而且它的入口很低，所有的猫都可以轻易地跳进去。通过这个配套的应用程序，这个高科技猫砂盆不仅可以自我清洁，还可以测量你的猫的体重、上厕所的时间和频率，这样你就可以跟踪它们的健康状况。)”可知，PURA MAX的主要功能是自动清洁并监测猫咪的健康状况。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Today, pets are more than just animals. They are recognized as an integral part of families worldwide, deserving of love and care, and the very best technology can offer them.(如今，宠物已不仅仅是动物。它们被公认为是世界各地家庭不可或缺的一部分，值得人们关爱，也值得拥有最好的技术。)”以及后文对三款宠物用品的介绍可知，文章主要向读者介绍了三款高科技的宠物用品，故目标读者应是寻找新宠物产品的宠物主人。故选C项。 （三） （24-25高三下·安徽·阶段练习）It’s 7 AM. I’ve got to Milan Linate airport two hours before my plane to Bari, and already things are going horribly wrong. The airline won’t let my cats fly with me, despite having all the required documents. Two uniformed men insist my carry-cage is wrong. I tell them honestly that I flew with it from Britain the day before — the very same airline to this very airport, but they’re having none of it. As I picture missing my flight and going overnight on the train, something on my face clearly touches them. Finally, they agree I can travel, but I must double-secure the cage. Traveling with pets is a horrible process. There are endless things to take care of before flying: vaccines (疫苗), documents, and then simply dealing with the cats themselves. The first time I flew with my cats, when I came back home from Russia, I worried about how they’d cope with the journey. Surprisingly, everything went smoothly. My cats sat quietly on the train, were accepted for flight, and when they reappeared in Yerevan airport, Armenia, they looked completely unbothered. But in Yerevan there was a problem to deal with — wrong vaccine meant I couldn’t return to Western Europe for months. I found a cat-proof flat, and dealt with the vaccine issue. Then we landed in Italy, where getting the cats in had been no problem — the Italians barely looked at those hard-fought documents — but back to Britain? Much harder. Officially animals can be flown into the UK — but almost no airline’s prepared to do it. The only option was to fly to Paris and get a train to Calais. After eight months of travel, I finally got my cats back home. Despite the trouble, the bond I’ve formed with my cats over these difficult months is something I wouldn’t trade. Their patience and trust have made me realize that these challenges have been some of the most meaningful moments of my life. 1．Why did the two customs officers decide to let the author fly with his cats? A．The author’s expression softened them. B．The author’s explanation convinced them. C．The author presented sufficient documents. D．The author doubled-secured his carry-cage. 2．In which country was the author stuck the longest? A．Russia. B．Italy. C．Armenia. D．France. 3．Which word best describes the author’s return journey from Russia to the UK? A．Smooth. B．Wonder-filled. C．Dangerous. D．Time-consuming. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Horror of Travelling with Pets. B．The First Time I Travelled with Pets. C．Pets and Passports: An Unlikely Adventure. D．From Russia to Britain: Reuniting with My Pets. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与猫一起旅行遇到的种种困难。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“As I picture missing my flight and going overnight on the train, something on my face clearly touches them. Finally, they agree I can travel, but I must double-secure the cage. (当我想象着错过航班，在火车上过夜时，我脸上的某种东西显然触动了他们。最后，他们同意我可以旅行了，但我必须把笼子双层加固)”可知，作者的表情让海关官员态度软化，决定让他带着猫飞行。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“But in Yerevan there was a problem to deal with — wrong vaccine meant I couldn’t return to Western Europe for months. I found a cat-proof flat, and dealt with the vaccine issue. (但是在埃里温有一个问题需要处理——错误的疫苗意味着我几个月都回不了西欧。我找到了一个防猫的公寓，解决了疫苗的问题)”可知，此处作者需要租房居住数月，而在其他国家仅仅需要赶路，说明在亚美尼亚的埃里温停留了最长的时间。故选C。 3．推理判断题。文章提到作者从俄罗斯到英国的返程过程复杂且耗时结合倒数第二段“After eight months of travel, I finally got my cats back home. (经过八个月的旅行，我终于把我的猫带回家了)”可知，作者的返程旅程耗时很长。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章描述了作者和猫的旅行经历，特别是在多国间的艰难旅程。从第一二段的旅行不顺利，到第三段第一句的主题句“Traveling with pets is a horrible process. (带着宠物旅行是一个可怕的过程)”接下来又描写了第一次与猫出游的种种困难。故A选项“带宠物旅行的恐怖”最符合文章标题。故选A。 （四） （24-25高一上·浙江宁波·期末）Male mosquitoes may be nearly as blood-thirsty as females under certain conditions, new research suggests. Male mosquitoes, which are normally disinterested in blood, will take blood meals when they are dehydrated (脱水), the scientist Jason Rasgon of Penn State and his colleagues report in a paper. The finding overturns the idea that only female mosquitoes bite, drink blood and spread diseases. Males may not be totally harmless. A student in Rasgon’s lab noticed that male mosquitoes would sometimes feed on blood in a tray covered by a thin artificial membrane (人工膜) when researchers took away water. Rasgon wanted to know if thirsty males would try to get blood from a person, so he stuck his hand in cages containing male mosquitoes. Hydrated males mostly ignored him, but dehydrated males would land and examine his skin. One even bit him but hardly got into the first layer of the skin. “I was shocked,” says Rasgon. Male mosquitoes’ long, tubelike mouth parts aren’t able to bite skin deeply enough to draw blood. But a wound caused by Rasgon’s cat allowed him to test whether males could get blood another way. Sure enough, a dehydrated male mosquito drank blood from the open wound. In another experiment, male mosquitoes that were genetically engineered to be unable to sense wetness didn’t take blood meals more often when lacking water. Those findings suggest that males may go for blood to satisfy their thirst. One earlier research paper showed that blood was harmful to male mosquitoes. Scientists thought all male mosquitoes didn’t have the ability to break down blood. But in Rasgon’s experiment, male mosquitoes fed only blood lived as long as those that didn’t get blood, and even a little bit longer. 1．What is discovered in Rasgon’s research according to Paragraph 1? A．That female mosquitoes may be harmful. B．That only female mosquitoes drink blood. C．That male mosquitoes may bite and drink blood. D．That male mosquitoes are disinterested in blood. 2．How did Rasgon carry out his research? A．By taking away water. B．By experimenting on himself. C．By placing his cat in the cage. D．By creating a thin artificial membrane. 3．What didn’t Rasgon expect in his research? A．Male mosquitoes would be able to bite deeply into human skin. B．Male mosquitoes would try to drink human blood when dehydrated. C．Female mosquitoes would become interested in blood when hydrated. D．Female mosquitoes would prefer water over blood meals when dehydrated. 4．What did one earlier research paper show? A．Blood would bring harm to male mosquitoes. B．Blood would make mosquitoes more harmful. C．Male mosquitoes were able to break down blood. D．Male mosquitoes fed blood would live as long or longer. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。Jason Rasgon和他的同事研究发现，通常对血液不感兴趣的雄性蚊子在脱水时会吸食血液。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Male mosquitoes may be nearly as blood-thirsty as females under certain conditions, new research suggests. Male mosquitoes, which are normally disinterested in blood, will take blood meals when they are dehydrated (脱水), the scientist Jason Rasgon of Penn State and his colleagues report in a paper. The finding overturns the idea that only female mosquitoes bite, drink blood and spread diseases. Males may not be totally harmless.(新的研究表明，在某些条件下，雄性蚊子可能和雌性蚊子一样嗜血。宾夕法尼亚州立大学的科学家Jason Rasgon和他的同事在一篇论文中报告说，通常对血液不感兴趣的雄性蚊子在脱水时会吸食血液。这一发现推翻了只有雌蚊叮咬、吸血和传播疾病的观点。雄性可能不是完全无害的。)”可知，Rasgon的研究发现雄蚊也可能咬人吸血。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A student in Rasgon’s lab noticed that male mosquitoes would sometimes feed on blood in a tray covered by a thin artificial membrane (人工膜) when researchers took away water. Rasgon wanted to know if thirsty males would try to get blood from a person, so he stuck his hand in cages containing male mosquitoes. Hydrated males mostly ignored him, but dehydrated males would land and examine his skin. One even bit him but hardly got into the first layer of the skin. “I was shocked,” says Rasgon.(Rasgon实验室的一名学生注意到，当研究人员取走水时，雄性蚊子有时会以用人造薄膜覆盖的托盘里的血液为食。Rasgon想知道口渴的雄蚊是否会试图从人身上吸血，所以他把手伸进装有雄蚊的笼子里。水分充足的雄性大多不理会他，但脱水的雄性会降落并检查他的皮肤。有一只甚至咬了他一口，但几乎没有咬到他的第一层皮肤。‘我很震惊，’Rasgon说。)”可知，Rasgon是通过在自己身上做实验进行他的研究的。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A student in Rasgon’s lab noticed that male mosquitoes would sometimes feed on blood in a tray covered by a thin artificial membrane (人工膜) when researchers took away water. Rasgon wanted to know if thirsty males would try to get blood from a person, so he stuck his hand in cages containing male mosquitoes. Hydrated males mostly ignored him, but dehydrated males would land and examine his skin. One even bit him but hardly got into the first layer of the skin. “I was shocked,” says Rasgon.(Rasgon实验室的一名学生注意到，当研究人员取走水时，雄性蚊子有时会以用人造薄膜覆盖的托盘里的血液为食。Rasgon想知道口渴的雄蚊是否会试图从人身上吸血，所以他把手伸进装有雄蚊的笼子里。水分充足的雄性大多不理会他，但脱水的雄性会降落并检查他的皮肤。有一只甚至咬了他一口，但几乎没有咬到他的第一层皮肤。‘我很震惊，’Rasgon说。)”可知，Rasgon在研究中没有预料到的是雄性蚊子在脱水时会尝试喝人血。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“One earlier research paper showed that blood was harmful to male mosquitoes.(早些时候的一篇研究论文表明，血液对雄性蚊子有害。)”可知，早期的一篇研究论文表明血液会给雄蚊带来伤害。故选A项。 （五） （2025高三下·全国·专题练习）It has long been thought that only humans have personalities (个性), but in recent decades personalities have been found in animals. Personalities have been related to many life-history features, but also to cognitive (认知的 ) abilities, like learning or work performance in humans. Research in animals has shown that more exploratory individuals are able to learn to solve several different learning tasks faster. Therefore, Vedrana Šlipogor and his group from the University of Vienna focused on exploring whether this connection also exists in monkeys and to what degree this connection is related to their relationships with family group members. The researchers assessed (评估) the personalities of these monkeys individually by measuring their reactions in different kinds of tasks, such as their contact with strange objects, or time taken to go near a toy snake. With the help of these tasks, they found that some monkeys were highly adventurous and brave, while others tried to avoid such things and keep a distance. The study results largely supported that personality could predict the learning speed of these monkeys. However, social factors were also important: family group membership of these monkeys appeared to influence how quickly they learned in different tasks. Specifically, brave monkeys learned faster than shy monkeys, which was especially clear among some family group members. “It seems that both certain personality features as well as social environment have an effect on individual changes in cognition in monkeys,” Šlipogor says. “In our future studies we aim to see whether these findings are in line with other tasks that are perhaps more cognitively demanding for the monkeys, and whether this effect can be found in other highly social animals.” 1．What inspired Šlipogor to study the monkeys? A．The personality features of animals. B．His interest in monkeys’ family relationships. C．His curiosity about monkeys’ performing abilities. D．The surprising finding of the recent research in animals. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The research tool. B．The research object. C．The research process. D．The research impact. 3．How did the brave monkeys differ from the shy ones? A．They had better family relationships. B．They tended to avoid strange things. C．They showed higher learning speed. D．They were more affected by social factors. 4．What may Šlipogor do in the future studies on the monkeys? A．Change the research direction on them. B．Study their relation with other animals. C．Explore more of their personality features. D．Keep watching more related research results. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了动物个性与学习能力的相关研究。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段“Research in animals has shown that more exploratory individuals are able to learn to solve several different learning tasks faster. Therefore, Vedrana Šlipogor and his group from the University of Vienna focused on exploring whether this connection also exists in monkeys and to what degree this connection is related to their relationships with family group members. (对动物的研究表明，更具探索性的个体能够更快地学会解决多种不同的学习任务。因此，来自维也纳大学的维德拉娜·斯利波戈尔及其团队专注于探索这种联系是否也存在于猴子中，以及这种联系与它们与家族群体成员的关系有多大程度的相关性)”可知，是最近对动物的惊人发现激发了斯利波戈尔研究猴子。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。由文章第三段“The researchers assessed (评估) the personalities of these monkeys individually by measuring their reactions in different kinds of tasks, such as their contact with strange objects, or time taken to go near a toy snake. With the help of these tasks, they found that some monkeys were highly adventurous and brave, while others tried to avoid such things and keep a distance. (研究人员通过测量这些猴子在不同任务中的反应来单独评估它们的个性，比如它们与陌生物体的接触，或者靠近玩具蛇所需的时间。通过这些任务的帮助，他们发现一些猴子非常冒险和勇敢，而另一些则试图避免这些事情并保持距离)”可知，本段主要讲的是研究过程。故选C。 3．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Specifically, brave monkeys learned faster than shy monkeys, which was especially clear among some family group members. (具体来说，勇敢的猴子比害羞的猴子学得更快，这在某些家族群体成员中尤其明显)”可知，勇敢的猴子和害羞的猴子的不同之处在于它们的学习速度更快。故选C。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“In our future studies we aim to see whether these findings are in line with other tasks that are perhaps more cognitively demanding for the monkeys, and whether this effect can be found in other highly social animals. (在我们未来的研究中，我们旨在看看这些发现是否与其他可能对猴子认知要求更高的任务相符，以及这种效应是否可以在其他高度社交的动物中发现)”可推知，在未来对猴子的研究中，斯利波戈尔可能会继续关注更多相关研究成果。故选D。 （六） （24-25高二上·山东聊城·期末）Finding a bird scared after striking a window can be a surprising and heartbreaking experience. 1 Observe the bird The advice is that any bird that has collided with a window should be seen by a rehabber (康复师). Most window-collision birds will have some degree of eye injury. 2 Even if they can fly away and do not look injured, some 70% of birds that have collided with glass will not recover themselves if they are not treated. Get a bird to a rehabber Approach the bird slowly from behind and gently capture it in your hands, with a bag prepared nearby. Some birds will be so surprised that they won’t even notice; others will shock and scream and may try to escape. However, this is a fear response. 3 For smaller birds, the best “ambulance” is a paper bag, like a lunch bag or a small paper shopping bag. Birds may still flap around inside, and the paper is soft enough that they won’t further injure themselves like they might if they are in a hard cardboard box or animal carrier. You can poke a few holes in the bag, though it is not necessary if the bird is not going to be inside for more than a few hours. 4 Absolutely do not give the bird water or food. If you can’t get to a rehabber If you absolutely cannot take the bird to a wildlife rehabber, keep the bird safe from predators and see if it will try to fly away in a bit. After the shock of the collision, a dark, quiet place can be helpful. So consider putting the bird in a bag or box and letting it restore for a while. After 30 minutes or so, take the bag or box as far away as possible from your home and other structures. 5 If it doesn’t, close the box back up and open  it every 15 minutes until the bird is strong enough to achieve takeoff. A．Many birds will also have brain injuries. B．A box may be suitable for larger birds. C．A big box is the best choice for them. D．Open the box to allow the bird to fly out. E．It is an indication that they are hungry. F．It is not a sign that they are not injured. G．However, a little love and protection could help. 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．F 4．B 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了我们应该如何帮助撞上窗户受伤的鸟儿。 1．结合前一句“Finding a bird scared after striking a window can be a surprising and heartbreaking experience. (发现一只鸟在撞到窗户后受到惊吓可能是一种令人惊讶和心碎的经历)”和下文列举的具体方法可知，虽然这是一次令人心碎的经历，但采取点措施就可以帮助它们，G项“然而，一点点爱和保护可能会有所帮助”符合语境，故选G。 2．根据前一句“Most window-collision birds will have some degree of eye injury. (大多数撞窗的鸟都会有一定程度的眼睛受伤)”可知，大多数撞窗的鸟儿的眼睛会受伤，A项“许多鸟类也会有脑损伤”中的also构成递进关系，也是描述撞窗的鸟儿的受伤情况，故选A。 3．根据上文“others will shock and scream and may try to escape. However, this is a fear response. (其他鸟会震惊和尖叫，并可能试图逃跑。然而，这是一种害怕的反应)”可知，有的鸟会震惊和尖叫并试图逃跑，这是害怕的反应，F项“这并不表示他们没有受伤”与上文构成对比关系，逃跑是因为害怕，并不表示它们没有受伤，故选F。 4．根据上文“For smaller birds, the best “ambulance” is a paper bag, like a lunch bag or a small paper shopping bag. (对于体型较小的鸟类来说，最好的“救护车”是纸袋，比如午餐袋或小型纸质购物袋)”可知，上文描述了对于体形较小的鸟类，最好的“救护车”是纸袋，B项“盒子可能适合较大的鸟”讲述使用盒子救助体型较大的鸟，符合语境，故选B。 5．根据下文“If it doesn’t, close the box back up and open  it every 15 minutes until the bird is strong enough to achieve takeoff. (如果不能飞出去，把箱子重新关上，每隔15分钟打开一次，直到小鸟有足够的力量起飞)”可知，前后表示相反的关系，表示对比，下文讲鸟不能飞的情况，空处应是对应讲鸟可以飞的情况，D项“打开盒子，让鸟儿飞出去”符合语境，故选D。 （七） 完形填空 （24-25高三下·云南昭通·开学考试）Elsa and her husband Steven had a dog named Lucky. Whenever Elsa and Steven had friends over for a weekend visit, they would 1 their friends not to leave their luggage open because Lucky would hide whatever 2 his attention. Certainly, someone would forget and something would go missing. Elsa or Steven would go to Lucky’s toy box in the basement and there the 3 would be within all of Lucky’s other favorite toys. It happened that Elsa was 4 breast cancer. She 5 an operation. The night before she was to go to the hospital she embraced Lucky. 6 the three-year-old dog liked Steven, he was Elsa’s dog completely. “If I die, Lucky will be 7 ,” Elsa thought. The operation was harder than her doctors had expected. Finally the day came for Elsa to leave 8 . When she arrived home, Elsa was so exhausted. Lucky stood 9 Elsa but he didn’t come to her when she called. It made Elsa sad but 10 soon overcame her and she fell asleep. When Elsa woke, for an instant she couldn’t understand what was wrong. She couldn’t move her head and her body felt 11 and hot. But panic soon gave way to laughter when Elsa 12 the problem. She was covered with every treasure Lucky owned! While she slept, the dog made trips to the 13 bringing Elsa all his favorite things. He had covered her with his love. Elsa forgot about dying. 14 , she and Lucky began living again. It’s been 12 years now and Elsa is still cancer-free. Lucky still steals treasures and hides them in his toy box but Elsa 15 his greatest treasure. 1．A．let B．convince C．remind D．recall 2．A．drew B．fixed C．pushed D．held 3．A．books B．treasures C．key D．food 4．A．associated with B．impressed with C．charged with D．stricken with 5．A．scheduled B．made C．created D．invented 6．A．Because B．When C．Despite D．While 7．A．adopted B．adapted C．deserted D．displayed 8．A．her dog B．her family C．the hospital D．the world 9．A．staring at B．glaring at C．smiling at D．glancing at 10．A．happiness B．tiredness C．sadness D．excitement 11．A．light B．smelly C．empty D．heavy 12．A．recognized B．told C．analyzed D．calculated 13．A．hospital B．garage C．basement D．bedroom 14．A．However B．Instead C．Otherwise D．Additionally 15．A．becomes B．goes C．stores D．remains 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了Elsa和她的丈夫Steven养的狗Lucky的故事。Lucky喜欢藏东西，而当Elsa患乳腺癌手术后回家，Lucky用它独特的方式表达对Elsa的爱，让Elsa忘记了病痛，重新振作起来。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当Elsa和Steven周末有朋友来访时，他们都会提醒朋友不要把行李打开，因为Lucky会把任何吸引他注意的东西藏起来。A. let让，使；B. convince使信服；C. remind提醒；D. recall回忆起。根据上下文语境以及下文“because Lucky would hide whatever 　　2　　 his attention.”可知，他们会“提醒”朋友不要让行李敞开着。因为Lucky有把任何吸引他注意的东西藏起来的习惯。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当Elsa和Steven周末有朋友来访时，他们都会提醒朋友不要把行李打开，因为Lucky会把任何吸引他注意的东西藏起来。A. drew吸引；B. fixed修理；C. pushed推；D. held握住，持有。根据句意以及下文“his attention”可知，Lucky会藏起任何“吸引”它注意力的东西。draw one’s attention 意为“吸引某人的注意力”。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Elsa或Steven去地下室的Lucky的玩具箱，那里的宝贝会在Lucky的所有其他喜欢的玩具中。A. books书；B. treasures宝贝；C. key钥匙；D. food食物。根据下文“Lucky still steals treasures and hides them in his toy box”可知，Lucky 藏起来的东西被称为“treasures”（宝贝），Elsa或Steven会在Lucky地下室的玩具箱里找到这些“宝贝”。故选B项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：偶然间，Elsa患了乳腺癌。A. associated with与……有关；B. impressed with对……印象深刻；C. charged with被指控；D. stricken with遭受，患上。  根据后文“breast cancer”（乳腺癌）以及“an operation”可知，Elsa“患上”了乳腺癌。故选D项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她安排了一次手术。A. scheduled安排；B. made制作；C. created创造；D. invented发明。根据上文提到的Elsa患了乳腺癌，以及下文“an operation”可知，她“安排”了一场手术。故选A项。 6．考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然这只三岁的狗也喜欢Steven，但他完全是Elsa的狗。A. Because因为；B. When当……时候；C. Despite尽管；D. While虽然。根据下文“the three-year-old dog liked Steven, he was Elsa’s dog completely.”可知，上下句形成转折关系，由此可知，虽然这只三岁的狗也喜欢Steven，但他完全是Elsa的狗。故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果我死了，Lucky就会被遗弃。” Elsa想。A. adopted收养；B. adapted适应；C. deserted遗弃；D. displayed展示。根据语境以及上文“If I die”可知，Elsa想“如果我死了，Lucky 就会被遗弃”。故选C项。 8．考查名词短语辨析。句意：终于到了Elsa出院的日子。A. her dog她的狗；B. her family她的家人；C. the hospital医院；D. the world世界。根据前文“Elsa was to go to the hospital”以及“Finally the day came for Elsa to leave”可知，这里是说Elsa离开“医院”的日子到了。故选C项。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Lucky仔站在那儿盯着Elsa，但她喊他时，他没有过来。A. staring at盯着；B. glaring at怒目而视；C. smiling at对……微笑；D. glancing at瞥一眼，匆匆一看。根据句意以及下文“…Elsa but he didn’t come to her when she called”可知，Lucky站在那里 “盯着”Elsa，但当她叫它时，它却没有靠近她。故选A项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这使Elsa很难过，但很快她就疲倦了，睡着了。A. happiness幸福；B. tiredness疲惫，疲倦；C. sadness悲伤；D. excitement兴奋。根据前文“When she arrived home, Elsa was so exhausted.”可知，Elsa非常疲惫，所以“疲惫”很快让她入睡了。故选B项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她无法移动她的头，她的身体感到沉重和热。A. light轻的；B. smelly有臭味的；C. empty空的；D. heavy重的。根据前文“She couldn’t move her head”可知，她的身体感觉“沉重”且发热。故选D项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当Elsa意识到这个问题时，恐慌很快被笑声所取代。A. recognized意识到； B. told告诉；C. analyzed分析；D. calculated计算。根据句意以及下文“the problem”可知，当 Elsa“意识到”问题所在时，她的恐慌很快被笑声取代。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她睡觉的时候，这只狗会跑到地下室，把他最喜欢的东西都带来。A. hospital医院；B. garage车库；C. basement地下室；D. bedroom卧室。 根据第一段“Elsa or Steven would go to Lucky’s toy box in the basement”可知，Lucky的玩具箱在地下室，所以当她睡觉时，狗去“地下室”把它所有最喜欢的东西都带给了Elsa。故选C项。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，她和Lucky重新开始了生活。A. However然而；B. Instead相反的是；C. Otherwise否则；D. Additionally此外。根据上文“Elsa forgot about dying.”以及下文“she and Lucky began living again.”可知，此处表示转折，Elsa忘记了死亡。“相反”，她和Lucky开始重新生活。故选B项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lucky仍然会偷一些宝贝，并把它们藏在他的玩具盒里，但Elsa仍然是他最珍贵的宝贝。A. becomes成为；B. goes去，变得；C. stores储存；D. remains仍然。根据上文“Lucky still steals treasures and hides them in his toy box”以及but转折可知，Lucky仍然偷东西并把它们藏在他的玩具箱里，但Elsa“仍然是”它最珍贵的宝贝。故选D项。 （八） 语法填空 （24-25高三下·广西·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese researchers unearthed a giant panda fossil during a recent expedition in the Shuanghe Cave in Suiyang County, southwest China’s Guizhou Province. This is the 47th giant panda fossil that they 1 (discover) in the cave so far, according to the researchers. Wang Deyuan, 2 assistant researcher at the Guizhou Academy of Sciences and head of the expedition, said that the Shuanghe Cave has well-developed cave systems and that its favorable environment provides the possibility 3 (preserve) the fossils. The first discovery of giant panda fossils 4 (document) in the 1940s. It was at that time 5 scientists found the fossilized teeth of giant pandas believed to be about 7 million years old. Giant panda fossils provide 6 (rely) resources for the research on the evolution of the species’ size. Besides, the ancient DNA 7 (find) in these fossils can provide insight 8 the eating habits and genetic evolution of giant pandas, as well as changes in the Shuanghe Cave’s paleo-climate and paleo-environment. The Shuanghe Cave has seen 23 international joint scientific expeditions since the late 1980s. A total of 47 giant panda fossils have been found in the cave, with the oldest 9 (date) back at least 100,000 years and the youngest being a few hundred years old. The Shuanghe Cave has a total 10 (long) of 437.1 kilometers, making it the longest cave in Asia and the third longest in the world. 【答案】 1．have discovered 2．an 3．to preserve 4．was documented 5．that 6．reliable 7．found 8．into 9．dating 10．length 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。这篇文章主要介绍了中国研究人员在贵州省绥阳县双河洞进行的一次考察中，发现了一具大熊猫化石。 1．考查时态语态。句意：据研究人员介绍，这是迄今为止他们在洞穴中发现的第47块大熊猫化石。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语so far，可知应用现在完成时，主语they，助动词用have，故填have discovered。 2．考查冠词。句意：贵州科学院助理研究员、探险队队长王德远表示，双河洞拥有发达的洞穴系统，其有利的环境为保存化石提供了可能。设空处修饰名词assistant researcher，表泛指，应用冠词，assistant发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 3．考查不定式。句意：同上。“the possibility to do sth.”表示“做某事的可能性”，不定式修饰名词possibility作后置定语，故填to preserve。 4．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：同上。大熊猫化石的首次发现是在20世纪40年代。设空处为谓语，主语The first discovery 和谓语动词之间是被动关系，并且根据时间状语in the 1940s可知应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语单数，be动词用was，故填was documented。 5．考查强调句。句意：就在那个时候，科学家们发现了大熊猫的牙齿化石，据信它们大约有700万年的历史。本句是一个强调句，结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+ that /who+其他部分”，这里强调的是时间状语“at that time”，故填that。 6．考查形容词。句意：大熊猫化石为研究该物种的体型演化提供了可靠的资源。设空处修饰名词resources作定语，应用形容词，表示“可靠的”，故填reliable。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，在这些化石中发现的古代DNA可以深入了解大熊猫的饮食习惯和遗传进化，以及双河洞古气候和古环境的变化。本句已有谓语动词can provide，设空处修饰名词the ancient DNA作定语，和名词之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填found。 8．考查固定短语。句意：同上。“provide insight into”是固定搭配，意为“提供对……的深入了解”。故填into。 9．考查with的复合结构。句意：在洞穴中共发现了47块大熊猫化石，最古老的可以追溯到至少10万年前，最年轻的只有几百岁。这里是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构，“the oldest”（最古老的化石）和date back之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，故填dating。 10．考查名词。句意：双河洞全长437.1公里，是亚洲最长的洞穴，也是世界第三长的洞穴。前面有a修饰，应用名词length，构成短语a total length of，意为“……的总长度”，故填length。 思维素养提升 Task 1 写作项目——Write an argumentative essay on sea exploration 本单元的写作项目属于议论文体类别中的“辩论性议论文”。议论文是以议论为主要表达方式，运用一定的材料通过一定的论证方法来表明自己的立场、观点或态度的文体。议论文一般由论题、论点、论据、论证和结论构成。在议论文中，作者先就论题(某一问题或现象)提出论点，然后辅之以相关的论据，并在此基础上进行论证，以使读者同意自己的看法，最终得出结论。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 假定你是李华，最近你们班就“人类是否应该进行海洋探索”进行了讨论。请根据讨论结果，写一封80词左右的信给某英文报社的编辑报道此事。 赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法 1.获取更多的海底资源； 2.提高对地球上生命的理解。 1.造成海洋污染，导致海洋生物死亡；2.破坏生态系统。 …… 【参考答案】 Dear Editor， Recently our class has had a discussion about whether sea exploration should be carried out. Some of the students are in favour of sea exploration.They say sea exploration has made it possible for people to discover new medicines as well as new sources of food and energy. Others are against it. Although sea exploration might help improve our understanding of the life on the earth，it might bring about marine pollution，which finally leads the ocean creatures to death.It also might cause ecosystem destruction. Personally，sea exploration should be balanced with economic needs. Hopefully，as technology improves， we may have more options for managing this balance. Yours， Li Hua $$