专题04 Unit 3 单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇+七选五5篇)--2024-2025学年高二英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020选择必修第三册)

Unit 3 Back to the past (译林版2020选择必修第三册) 单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇+七选五5篇) Ⅰ阅读理解 Passage 1 （2025年高二下·浙江·开学考试）The concept of universal values — principles deemed applicable to all humanity — has roots in ancient civilizations. Chinese philosophers like Confucius emphasized Tian Xia Da Tong (Great Harmony Under Heaven, 天下大同), envisioning a world united by shared ethics. Similarly, Greek Stoics proposed natural law as a moral compass transcending borders. These early ideas, however, were confined to regional contexts until globalization catalyzed cross-cultural dialogues. The Enlightenment era marked a turning point. Thinkers like Locke and Rousseau framed universal rights around individual liberty and equality, ideals later enshrined in the U. S. Declaration of Independence and the French Revolution’s Liberté, égalité, fraternité (自由、平等、博爱). Yet, this European narrative faced critiques. Postcolonial scholars argue that 18th-century “universalism” often masked cultural imperialism, sidelining non-Western traditions. The 20th century witnessed institutionalization. The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) epitomized global consensus, yet tensions persisted. During the Cold War, ideological divides fragmented interpretations: capitalist nations prioritized political freedoms, while socialist states emphasized Socio-economic rights. Notably, the 1993 Vienna Declaration repeated cultural diversity within universalism, stating, “The significance of national particularities must be borne in mind”. Today’s debates center on cultural relativism versus universalism. Critics highlight Western dominance in defining “universal” norms, while advocates stress shared challenges like climate change that demand collective ethics. As philosopher Kwame Appiah observes, “Universalism need not erase differences but can emerge through ‘contamination’ —the blending of distinct value systems”. 1．Which civilizations laid early foundations for universal values? A．Greek and Egyptian B．Chinese and Indian C．Mesopotamian and Roman D．Chinese and Greek 2．The 1993 Vienna Declaration suggests that universal values should ________. A．acknowledge national uniqueness B．prioritize Western democratic models C．reject all cultural differences D．focus solely on environmental issues 3．Which phrase best describes the author’s perspective on modern universalism? A．A failed Eurocentric project. B．An unchanging set of rigid rules. C．A complex and evolving dialogue. D．A threat to cultural diversity. Passage 2 （2025年高二上·湖南怀化·期末）Hunter-gatherer children in the Congo Basin have often learned how to hunt, identify eatable plants and care for babies by the age of six or seven. This rapid learning is shaped by a unique social environment where cultural knowledge is passed down not just from parents but from a broader community, according to a new Washington State University-led study. The research helps explain how many cultural features have been preserved for thousands of years among hunter-gatherer groups across a wide range of natural environments in Africa. “We focus on hunter-gatherers because this way of life characterized 99% of human history,” said Barry Hewlett, a professor of anthropology at WSU and lead author of the study. “Our bodies and minds are adapted to this intimate (亲密的), small group living. By examining how children in these societies learn, we intend to uncover the mechanisms that have allowed humans to adapt to diverse environments across the globe.” For the study, Hewlett and colleagues examine nine different modes of cultural transmission (传递) in hunter-gatherer societies. Their analysis reveals that members related to a child’s extended family have likely played a greater role in transmitting knowledge to children than previously thought. Additionally, the study shows about half of the cultural knowledge hunter-gatherer children and adolescents acquire comes from people they are not related to. This contrasts with previous studies on the topic that have more heavily emphasized the knowledge of parent-to-child transmission. The broad informal learning network in hunter-gatherer societies is made possible by intimate living conditions. Small camps, usually consisting of 25-35 individuals living in homes a few feet from each other, create an environment where children can observe and interact with a wide range of people. This allows them to learn essential skills, including caring for infants and cooking as well as hunting and gathering. Moving forward, Hewlett hopes that this research offers a deeper understanding of the nature of social learning in humans and how cultures in general are conserved and change over time. 4．What is the aim of Professor Hewlett’s study? A．To advocate the intimate group living. B．To reveal how humans adapted to diversity. C．To show the importance of parent-child bond. D．To explore living conditions of hunter-gatherers. 5．What do previous studies lay emphasis on about children’s knowledge? A．Knowledge from their parents. B．Knowledge from community members. C．Knowledge from hands-on practice. D．Knowledge from children’s distant relatives. 6．Which of the following best describes the atmosphere of hunter-gatherer society communities? A．Cold and tense. B．Lively and energetic. C．Calm and relaxed. D．Close and interactive. 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．What shaped human diversity? B．What led to cultural transmission? C．How hunter-gatherer societies developed? D．How children learned for 99% of human history? Passage 3 （2025年高二上·重庆·期末）Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, the evolution of wheels is a remarkable journey that has spanned over 5,500 years, with its origins tracing back to ancient Asia. The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn’t become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals can carry heavy loads, such as farming tools, articles of daily use and humans around, making wheels seem unnecessary. But it could also be because of a difficult situation. The construction of smooth road surfaces, which are crucial for the efficient operation of wheels. While wheels need to roll on smooth surface, roads with smooth surfaces weren’t going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually, road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design. In the mid-1700s, a Frenchman came up with a new design of road — a base layer of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong, lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same time, metal hubs (the central part of a wheel) came into being, followed by the pneumatic tyre (充气轮胎) in 1846. Alloy wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads (柏油路). As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster. Despite the reasons for their delayed popularity remaining unclear, it is evident that wheels have played a significant role in shaping the modern world. From ancient Asia to modern times, wheels have revolutionized transportation, making it faster, more efficient, and more accessible to people around globe. 8．What might explain why transport wheels didn’t become popular for some time? A．Few knew how to use transport wheels. B．Humans carried farming tools just as well. C．Animals were a good means of transport. D．The existence of transport wheels was not known. 9．What do we know about road design from the passage? A．It was easier than wheel design. B．It improved after big changes in vehicle design. C．It had been no change before the arrival of wheel design. D．It contributed to the development of wheel design. 10．How is the fourth paragraph mainly developed? A．By following time order. B．By making comparisons. C．By giving data. D．By making explanations. 11．What is the passage mainly about? A．The beginning of road design. B．The development of transport wheels. C．The history of public transport. D．The invention of fast-moving vehicles. Passage 4 （2025年高二上·江西吉安·期末）In 1381, the Ming armed forces killed Zheng He’s father and captured him when he was ten years old. He became a eunuch (太监) and was sent to serve in Yan’s household of Prince Zhu Di. He learned military and fighting strategies, as well as studied the works of Confucius. He became a very close friend of the prince. Later, He fought on Prince Yan’s side and accompanied him on numerous battles throughout China. He was a key player in Yan’s gaining imperial power (政权). In 1404, Zheng He was promoted to Grand Eunuch. The Yongle Emperor appointed Zheng commander of a large treasure fleet (舰队) and over twenty thousand men. Zheng He, at thirty-three years old, had the highest rank of any eunuch in the history of China. In the autumn of the following year, his fleet left Nanjing for Calicut, located on the west coast of India. This was the first of seven expeditions of the treasure fleet. Over the years, he travelled to many areas. He traded and made many diplomatic (外交的) friends during these expeditions. The Yongle Emperor died in 1424. By this time, Zheng He, who was fifty-three years old, had already finished six voyages and had brought back many envoys from various foreign lands to meet the emperor. However, the Yongle Emperor’s oldest son, Zhu Gaozhi, was made the Hongxi Emperor. In his nine month rule, the emperor stopped all treasure fleet repairs and construction because of the expenses. In 1426, the Hongxi Emperor passed away. The new ruler was the Xuande Emperor and he made a decision to send Zheng He and his treasure fleet out once again. In 1432, when Zheng He was sixty-one years old, he left with one of his largest fleets for his final sea voyage across the Indian Ocean. Zheng He died on the return voyage in 1433 as his fleet was sailing east from Calicut, 12．Why did the Yongle Emperor put Zheng He in such a high position? A．Because of his high spirits and great wisdom. B．Because of his extraordinary courage and strength. C．Because of his civil and military skills and devotion. D．Because of his firm perseverance and superior ability. 13．How old was Zheng He when he first voyaged? A．33. B．34. C．53. D．61. 14．What was the reason why Zheng He failed his voyage in 1425? A．Absence of mind. B．Fear of enemies. C．Lack of manpower. D．Shortage of funds. 15．Which is one of Zheng He’s achievements in his expeditions according to the text? A．Prince Zhu Di’s imperial power. B．Occupying various foreign lands. C．New breakthroughs in diplomacy. D．Fleet’s repairs and construction. Passage 5 （2025年高二上·内蒙古包头·期末）As a boy, Robert Ballard liked to read about shipwrecks. He read a lot about the Titanic. “My lifelong dream was to find this great ship,” he says. On August 31, 1985, Ballard’s dream came true. He found the wreck of the Titanic. The ship was in two main parts lying four kilometers (2.4 miles) under the sea. Using video cameras and an undersea robot, Ballard looked around the ship. He found many items that told the sad story of the Titanic’s end. For example, he found a child’s shoes, a reminder of the many deaths that happened that night in 1912. In 1986, Ballard visited the Titanic again. This time, he reached the ship in a small submarine. A deep-sea robot — a “swimming eyeball” — took photos inside the ship. When other people saw the photos, they wanted to visit the ship, too. When Ballard returned in 2004, he found the Titanic in very bad condition. Other explorers had taken away about 6,000 items, like clothes, dishes, and shoes. Some even took pieces of the ship. They think these things should be moved to a safer place, but Ballard doesn’t agree. Ballard believes that taking things from the Titanic is like robbing a grave. Instead, he wants to put lights and cameras on and around the shipwreck. This way, people can see the great shipwreck and remember what happened to it. “As long as she needs protection,” says Ballard, “the Titanic will always be part of my life.” 16．What is the reading mainly about? A．Visitors to the Titanic leave it in bad condition. B．The great shipwreck and historical treasure — Titanic. C．Robert Ballard found the Titanic and wants to keep it safe. D．Robert Ballard’s hopes that more people will visit the Titanic. 17．The first time he explored the Titanic, Ballard ______. A．found a girl’s shoes in the shipwreck B．took pieces of the ship to protect it in safer places C．took photos of the shipwreck with a “swimming eyeball” D．explored around the shipwreck with undersea equipment 18．What kind of person is Ballard? A．Adventurous and generous. B．Creative and hardworking. C．Devoted and responsible. D．Inspiring and brave. 19．Which statement would Ballard probably agree with? A．People should not remove anything from the Titanic. B．Lights and cameras will hurt the remains of the Titanic. C．The Titanic wreck should be moved out of the water completely. D．More funds should be provided for the Titanic by the government. Passage 6 （2025年高二上·四川泸州·期末）While accidents and incidents do happen, in this day and age, roller coasters (过山车) are generally considered safe. This wasn’t always the case: Early roller coasters and other rides were uncomfortable at best, and dangerous at worst. One pioneer to the roller coaster were the Ice Slides-hills constructed of wood and ice-found in Russia in the 16th century. After an exhausting climb up a set of stairs, riders would dash down the slope (坡) on a block of ice with a pile of straw as the seat. Fun! In the early 1800s, a wheeled version made its way to France, making it more similar to modern roller coasters. Except that the wheels would often come off and the cars wouldn’t stop at the bottom of the hill. Less fun! Coasters only got more dangerous in the next century. Consider the infamous Coney Island Rough Riders roller coaster, which killed seven people in a five-year span from 1910 to 1915 before it was shut down. The coaster was an honor to Theodore Roosevelt and his “Rough Riders,” the soldiers who fought in the Spanish-American War. But the coaster was almost as dangerous as Battle of San Juan Hill: According to PBS, in one accident, the speeding coaster threw off 16 people, killing four. In another accident, the coaster jumped the track and caused three deaths. One woman survived the dangerous hanging from a rail with one hand, holding her child with the other hand. Another great place to get injured was New Jersey’s Action Park, which did its damage from 1978 to 1996 before closing. How bad was Action Park? A few years ago, my New Jersey-born wife got an email that said “You know you’re from New Jersey when ... you’ve been seriously injured at Action Park.” 20．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By making a contrast. B．By asking a question. C．By giving a definition. D．By offering a suggestion. 21．What was the first roller coaster made of? A．Wood and ice. B．Metal wheels. C．Grass and stone. D．Soldiers’weapons. 22．What was Coney Island Rough Riders built for? A．Testing the challenge of the ride. B．Remembering a historical event. C．Celebrating a woman’s survival. D．Recording a bloody Spanish battle. 23．What is the tone of the author’s description? A．Uncertain. B．Cautious. C．Angry. D．Humorous. Passage 7 （2025年高二上·河北张家口·期末）Mention the 1970s and most people will have an opinion. It was mixed up with memories of strikes, power cuts and bombs in London. Go deeper and there were plenty of pubs, televisions limited to three channels, and cinema chains that often changed their programs twice weekly, or had late night screenings. Best of all, though, was live music. Every town had its established site for touring bands but London enjoyed a large number of smaller locations that hosted rock, folk or jazz acts several nights a week. Many of these were Irish owned or managed, and part of a tradition where providing live music was part and parcel (主要) of running a pub. In fact, there were an awful lot of bands and singers you could see on a regular basis within 25 miles of London. Even better, you can go to many of the smaller sites for free. The concentration of so much of this in such a small geographical area was a comparatively recent development and can be traced to the impact the 1973 oil price hike had on the record industry. Against the background of the strikes and power cuts that everyone experienced, would-be rock stars found that touring up and down the UK in a truck and breakfast suddenly became expensive. It was hardly surprising that bands concentrated on sites closer to home to lower travel and accommodation costs. There were other factors at work too. It’s worth remembering that the London of the 1970s was a city with a steadily decreasing population. There were many empty houses as well as local authority flats that were “hard to let”, and commercial space too, which meant plenty of recording and rehearsing (排练) studios. 24．Why is the first paragraph written? A．To introduce the topic of discussion. B．To reveal the setting of a story. C．To explain a phenomenon in question, D．To provide evidence for a point of view. 25．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．Each town had its own music band. B．Irish jazz music was the most popular. C．Music styles varied from area to area. D．Live music was performed in many pubs. 26．Why did many bands in the 1970s choose sites closer to their homes? A．To reduce travel and accommodation costs. B．To contribute to local entertainment industry. C．To take advantage of the cultural environment. D．To avoid being affected by strikes and power cuts. 27．What is the best title for the text? A．The History of Live Music B．Live Music and the 1973 Oil Hike C．London’s Live Music in the 1970s D．Pub Culture Giving Rise to Live Music Passage 8 （2025年高二上·甘肃临夏·期末）Scientists in Azerbaijan recently discovered something from a 4,000-year-old camp of herders(牧人), which reminded them of a similar discovery found in an superb ancient Egyptian tomb. What they found may be the oldest board game in history, reports Science Alert. Scientists, Walter Crist from Leiden University in the Netherlands and Rahman Abdullayev from the Minnesota History Society, led the team that uncovered the board game. At six sites across Azerbaijan, Crist and Abdullayev found rocks with carved designs that were reminisced of the Ancient Egyptian game Hounds and Jackals (猎犬和豺狼). The board games from Azerbaijan date back to before 2000 BCE, older than those found in ancient Egypt. The discovery suggests that Hounds and Jackals may be older than historians think, and it may not have originated in Egypt after all. Hounds and Jackals is played by moving five pieces with heads shaped like hounds and five pieces with heads shaped like jackals through 58 holes. It is a race game where players try to be the first to reach the finish line. The discovery in Azerbaijan uncovered something else surprising. Whereas Egypt’s Hounds and Jackals, also called Fifty-Eight Holes was found in an superb tomb of a government official, Azerbaijan’s oldest game was probably used by cattle herders. “Whatever the origin of the game of Fifty-Eight Holes, it was quickly adopted and played by a wide variety of people, from the nobility of middle kingdom of Egypt to the cattle herders of the Caucasus, and from the Old Assyrian traders in Anatolia to the workers who built Middle Kingdom pyramids (金字塔).” Crist and Abdullayev wrote in a study. Crist said that the game probably provided more than just recreation. Game playing likely helped ancient people make friends and build trust with each other, much like it does today. “The fast spread of this game proves the ability of games to act as social tools, promoting interactions across social classes.” Crist explained. 28．Why might Hounds and Jackals be the oldest board game? A．It is played by various people. B．It is older than the Egyptian version. C．It was found in many Azerbaijan sites. D．It was discovered from a herders’ camp. 29．What does the underlined word “reminisced” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Highlighted. B．Contrasted. C．Created. D．Recalled. 30．What can we infer about the spread of the game? A．It spread slowly outside of Egypt. B．It spread mainly among the working class. C．It only spread within Egypt and Azerbaijan. D．It spread across different social classes and regions. 31．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．The game was invented by herders. B．The game helped build social connections. C．The game only served as a form of recreation. D．The game was popular with government officials. Passage 9 It seems that there is no middle ground when it comes to cats. People either love them or hate them. These feelings are not new either. All through history, cats have been worshiped or hated. A study of ancient evidence indicates that for the past 5,000 years, cats have been kept as pets. This may not seem very long compared to the fact that dogs have been domesticated for 50,000 years, and it has definitely had its high and low points. Cats were at their highest position of domesticated life in ancient Egypt. There were more cats living in Egypt during the time of the pharaohs (法老) than in any other place in the world since that time. This high concentration of cats was probably due to the laws protecting the animal. Cats were associated with the moon goddess, so the Egyptians worshiped them as holy animals. If anyone was caught killing a cat, the person could be put to death. This respect for cats carried over to the Roman Empire where cats were the only animals allowed into temples. This fact was probably due to the ability of cats to keep the temples free of mice and rats. With the coming of the Dark Ages in Europe, the place of cats in society took a turn for the worse. Cats had a reputation as helpers of witches. When a person was accused of being a witch, a cat would often be put on trial with the person. The cat would be tortured (拷问) to try and make the person tell the truth, and usually the cat and the person would end up being burned in a bonfire (篝火) or drowned. Bonfires of collected cats were not uncommon during this time. The days of hunting witches have ended, but a few myths about cats still hold out. Many people today continue to believe that black cats are bad luck. If a black cat walks in front of a person, that person must take extra care in the near future to watch out for dangerous situations. Regardless superstition (迷信), cats remain a popular pet today. Some authorities on cats maintain that a cat can never truly be domesticated because it may turn wild and run away at any time. However, this claim has not discouraged people from keeping cats in their homes. One-third of homes in the United States have cats, and one out of every three of these homes keeps both a dog and a cat. Especially in large cities, many people in apartments have found that cats make much better pets when compared to dogs. 32．Why were cats highly respected in ancient Egypt? A．Because they were excellent hunters of mice and rats. B．Because they were associated with the moon goddess. C．Because they were the only animals allowed into temples. D．Because they had a high concentration in Egypt. 33．What happened to cats during the Dark Ages in Europe? A．Cats were often treated as witnesses in witch trials. B．Cats were often put on trial with accused witches. C．Cats were innocent and protected from harm. D．Cats were considered unlucky and subject to punishment. 34．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．More people prefer dogs over cats as their pets nowadays. B．People are not influenced by superstition when choosing pets. C．Cats are becoming less popular as other pets in urban areas. D．All families in the United States have at least one cat. 35．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Cats’ relationship with humans throughout history. B．The scientific evidence to support the domestication of cats. C．People’s mixed feelings about cats among different countries. D．The challenges faced by cat owners in modern cities. Passage 10 （2025年高二上·陕西西安·期中）It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers (生产商) follow certain uniform standards for various features of clothes. What seems strange, however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. Take a look at the way your clothes button. Men’s clothes tend to button from the right, and women’s from the left. Considering most of the world’s population-men and women-are right-handed, the men’s standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do women’s clothes button from the left? History really seems to matter here. Button first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century, when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly right-handed servants, having women’s shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hand, having men’s shirts button from the right made sense, too. Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt. Today women are seldom dressed by servants, but buttoning from the left is still the standard for them. Is it interesting? Actually, a standard, once set, resists change. At a time when all women’s shirts buttoned from the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women’s shirts that buttoned from the right. After all, women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to switch, since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men’s shirts. 36．What is surprising about the standard of the clothing industry? A．It fails to consider right-handed people. B．It woks better with men than with women. C．It is different for men’s clothing and women’s. D．It has been followed by the industry for over 400 years. 37．What do we know about the rich men in the 17th century? A．They tended to wear clothes without buttons. B．They were interested in the historical matters. C．They were mostly dressed by servants. D．They drew their swords from the left. 38．Women’s clothes still button from the left today because _________. A．customs are hard to change B．modern women dress themselves C．manufacturers should follow standards D．adopting men’s style is improper for women 39．The passage is mainly developed by _________. A．analyzing cause B．making comparisons C．examining differences D．following the time order Passage 11 When it comes to popular symbols of marriage, one can not look past the wedding ring. The wedding ring serves as a perfect symbol of everlasting love — a ring is a circle and thus has no beginning or end, representing the never-ending union of marriage. Wedding rings have long and rich histories. Evidence suggests that wedding rings were used in ancient Egypt around 6,000 years ago. However, unlike the metals and gemstones used today, they were crafted from materials such as reeds, leather or bone. In the centuries that followed, the wedding ring tradition was picked up in the West, where it spread first in ancient Rome and Greece, subsequently throughout Europe during the Middle Ages and eventually to Eastern culture. Throughout history, the circular shape of the ring has endured, and so has the tradition of wearing it on the fourth finger of the left hand. The latter practice stemmed from an ancient belief that a vein ran directly from this finger to the heart. Although this belief has since been proved false, the custom has persisted. Regarding customs surrounding wedding rings, there was a time when only the bride wore a wedding ring. It wasn’t until the early 20th century that the practice of grooms wearing rings gained popularity. This change was influenced by soldiers going off to war, who wore rings as reminders of their loved ones waiting for them at home. Today, the exchange of wedding rings remains an integral part of the wedding ceremony, symbolizing the commitment and love shared between two individuals embarking on a life together. Wedding rings hold a symbolic significance that binds the two members of a married couple. In an ever-changing world, the wedding ring stands as an ancient tradition that is likely to continue for generations to come, reflecting the timeless and eternal love celebrated through marriage. 40．What is the main reason wedding rings are considered symbols of marriage? A．They are made of precious materials. B．They have profound histories. C．They are worn on left hands. D．They have circular shapes. 41．According to the passage, what is an example of a common myth instead of a fact? A．Women were wearing wedding rings long before men were. B．One finger on the left hand contains a vein leading to the heart. C．Both ancient Romans and Egyptians wore the ring on the same finger. D．The wedding ring tradition began in Egypt thousands of years ago. 42．Which of the following aspects of a wedding ring is NOT discussed in the passage? A．How the tradition of it spread around the world. B．What couples do with their wedding rings. C．How to choose suitable wedding rings. D．Materials used to make early rings. 43．How does the author feel about the tradition of wedding rings? A．It will most likely last forever. B．It has already fallen out of date. C．It should be taken more seriously. D．It holds no significance in modern society. Passage 12 Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes (路线) from west to east. However, businessmen and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did. In ancient times, silk from China found its way over land to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road. But another trading route across the sea was also formed along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centered around Ceylon. Here, businessmen from China and many other places met to exchange goods. Later, the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions. Between 1405 and 1433, seven large fleets (舰队) sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. Under the command of Zheng He, they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea, and then to the east coast of Africa. African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for silk, and spices. Although China stopped further expeditions (远征) after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active for centuries. To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路倡议). The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the relations between China and the rest of the world. China has poured billions of money in systems and services along these routes, which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange. China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects. In recent years, China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. From a scientific point of view, there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects. 44．What do we know about the ancient sea routes? A．The Silk Road existed longer than the sea routes. B．It was Columbus who first explored the sea routes. C．Businessmen travelled along the sea route for their king. D．The sea route was extended along the Indian Ocean coasts. 45．What can be inferred about China’s expeditions in the Ming Dynasty? A．They were stopped for economic reasons. B．They were considered to be a waste of money. C．They also had an influence on the world trade. D．Seven large fleets set sail from the East China Sea. 46．What’s the goal of China’s Belt and Road Initiative? A．To satisfy people’s strong desire and need. B．To promote trade and develop friendships. C．To understand the climate change and its effects. D．To improve the system and service along the routes. 47．What is the text mainly about? A．The Belt and Road Initiative. B．The history of Silk Road. C．Brave businessmen and explorers. D．China’s exploration across the sea. Passage 13 Deep within the Yukon, one of the most densely wooded areas of Canada, sits a patch of land that is unlike any other forest on the planet. Instead of a canopy of treetops spreading across the horizon, tens of thousands of signposts perch haphazardly one on top of the other. They are all part of the Signpost Forest, the largest collection of signs from places around the world. At last count, the Signpost Forest in Watson Lake, located about 10 miles north of the U.S.-Canadian border, contains 91,000 signs from spots near and far. The tradition began during the Alaska Highway Project in 1942, when U.S. soldier Carl K. Lindley spent time in Watson Lake recovering from an injury. A commanding officer asked him to repair and erect the directional signposts, and while completing the job, the homesick soldier added a sign that indicated the direction and mileage to his hometown: “Danville, Illinois, 2,835 miles.” Others followed suit, and the trend caught on. Each year, an average of 1,000 new signs are being added to the collection. Lindley’s original sign has since been lost to time. Fifty years later, in 1992, Lindley and his wife Elinor made the pilgrimage back to Watson Lake to place a replica, which is still there. The Signpost Forest takes up a couple of acres, with huge panels snaking through the trees. There are street signs, welcome signs, signatures on dinner plates, and license plates from around the world. There are also a lot of familial signs; for example, a grandfather will put up a sign and then years later family will come back and try to find it. A lot of these are personal signs to literally say that they are here. Though the visitor center has wood and paints on hand to help create a sign, many people opt to bring their own signs, though illegally, by snatching a metal sign from their hometown and nailing it to one of the wood posts. The forest has grown so vast that the visitor center no longer tries to keep a detailed list of the signs. 48．What does “The tradition” in the second paragraph refer to? A．Counting the number of signs in the Signpost Forest. B．Replacing the natural forest with signs of different kinds. C．Putting directional signposts on the highways of the Yukon. D．Bringing signs to the Signpost Forest from around the world. 49．According to the passage, which of the following is true about the first sign in the Signpost Forest? A．It remained in the Forest until 1992. B．It was erected by an American soldier. C．It was first put on the Alaska Highway. D．It was brought from Lindley’s hometown. 50．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “replica” in the second paragraph? A．List. B．Trunk. C．Copy. D．Border. 51．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The origins and sizes of the signs in the Signpost Forest. B．The quantity and variety of the signs in the Signpost Forest. C．The difficulty of categorizing the signs in the Signpost Forest. D．The practice of nailing illegal signs to the posts in the Signpost Forest. Passage 14 If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago, we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day, we should be able to give an answer to the question. It is the same in history. Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country, but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to write. For example, we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4,000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them. But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa. because they had not learned to write. Sometimes, of course, even if the people cannot write, they may know something of the past. They have heard about it from older people, and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings, and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations, for most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past. This we may call “remembered history”. Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing. But where there are no written records, such spoken stories are often very helpful. 52．Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage? A．Where there are no written records, there is no history. B．Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history. C．A written account of our daily activities helps us to be able to answer many questions. D．“Remembered history”, compared with written history, is less reliable. 53．We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because_________ A．there was nothing worth being written down at that time. B．the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record. C．the people there did not know how to write. D．the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire. 54．“Remembered history” refers to_________ A．history based on a person’s imagination. B．stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth. C．songs and dances about the most important events. D．both B and C． 55．The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we do now if the ancient people had_________ A．not burnt their written records in wars. B．kept a written record of every past event. C．told exact stories of the most important happenings. D．made more songs and dances. Passage 15 （2025年高二上·山东济南·期末）“Europe in a Second:10 Countries, 6 Days, Unforgettable Memories!” “Dense &Rich: 6 Days, 10 European Countries — A Trip of Culture & Adventure!” Are you still drown to the advertisements? Actually, the days of busy tours or hurried must-do vacations have given way to vacations where resting and recharging is the key. And for many, that means getting a good night’s sleep. A recent survey of 1,095 Americans, conducted by a team at Harvard’s Division of Sleep Medicine, found that over 94 percent of the participants want to participate in slow travel in the future and choose quiet and rest instead of adventure, “Gone are the days of traveling and coming home exhausted,” said Rebecca Robbins, the lead sleep scientist in the team, “The idea that travel could restore you-to learn things and experience new things and also physically and mentally get the rest you need to power your trip and to allow you to return home rested-is really exciting.” A good night’s sleep is something that eludes many people, according to the survey. More than one in three Americans lack enough sleep, not getting the minimum of seven hours of sleep that is recommended by the Center for Disease Control. Poor sleep can cause a host of physical and mental health issues. It’s no wonder that people want to destress and catch some ZZs while on vacation. Hotel guests are increasingly valuing sleeping when they’re traveling and getting a good night’s rest on the road. While many hotels have provided sleep-aid items like masks, light blocking shades and comfortable pillows, sleep tourism is taking it many steps further. Several hotels in the Hilton chain now offer “power down” services including temperature-adjusting mattresses (床垫) and soft light settings. Travelers engaging in sleep tourism are taking that extra step and seeking out unique experiences and environments that help them achieve their sleep and relaxation goals. Maybe a sleep vacation is just what doctors have ordered, especially if travelers use the sleep techniques they have learned when they return home. 56．What does the author think of the European trips mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．Memorable. B．Rushed. C．Costly. D．Refreshing. 57．Which of the following may Rebecca agree with? A．Resting in a hotel for several days. B．Using the sleep aids in a busy tour. C．Having a slow-paced tour in a place. D．Making new adventures in the wild. 58．What does the underlined word “eludes” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Annoys. B．Escapes. C．Confuses. D．Hits. 59．Why is Hilton mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To evidence a point. B．To advertise a hotel. C．To raise a suggestion. D．To spread a strategy. Ⅱ阅读理解七选五 Passage 1 （2025年高二上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）I had a book in my hand and a student asked me what I was reading. When I told him it was a history book, he said, “I don’t like history. It’s so boring.” I wasn’t surprised by his opinion. 1 I, on the other hand, have never found history to be a drag because it’s full of engaging stories and valuable life lessons. 2 And who wouldn’t benefit from the mistakes of the overly strict Ming Dynasty? The Spanish-American philosopher George Santayana was correct when he said, “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” 3 First of all, it gives us a sense of identity. Your ancestors stretch back for thousands of years in an unbroken line. They shared the same sun and moon as you, experienced the same seasons, and felt the same emotions. Each generation became a building block for the next, creating the society where you live today. Another reason to study history is to help develop your critical thinking. Critical thinking involves analyzing information from different sources in order to make informed decisions. There is nothing really new under the sun. 4 Analyzing these diverse solutions may help you make wise decisions to deal with your own challenges. The study of history isn’t just about exploring significant events, powerful figures, and memorizing important dates. It’s also about the capturing lives of ordinary people. Sima Qian, known as the “father of Chinese history,” devoted much of the 130 chapters of his Records of the Grand Historian to talking about the lives of poets and merchants, and even magicians and outlaws (刺客). 5 The same is true today. Each of you adds to the richness of society, while also linking yourself to the past and to the people Sima Qian wrote about. When you study the past, you’re ultimately discovering more about yourself. A．Apart from being “not boring”, there are several significant reasons to dig into history. B．History only focuses on the achievements of famous kings and queens, ignoring the contributions of ordinary individuals. C．Who could find the strategic battles of the Warring States Period or the elegance (风雅) of the Song Dynasty boring? D．He was interested in the everyday lives of common people and how each individual contributed to the richness of society. E．For many young students, history is about long-gone figures — those who lived long ago, had strange haircuts, and wore funny, outdated clothes. F．The problems you face have been encountered many times before, and different ways have been employed to solve them. G．Does history serve as a mirror for humanity, reflecting our past to guide our future? Passage 2 （2025年高二上·安徽·阶段练习）Valleys are one of the most common landforms on the Earth. They are formed through erosion (侵蚀) or the gradual wearing down of the land by wind and water. Their form depends on what is eroding it, the slope (坡度) of the land, the type of rock or soil and the amount of time the land has been eroded. There are three common types of valleys: V-shaped valleys, U-shaped valleys and flat floored valleys. 6    A V-shaped valley, sometimes called a river valley, is a narrow valley with steeply (陡峭地) sloped sides that appear similar to the letter “V”. They are formed by strong streams, which over time have cut down into the rock. These valleys form with streams in their “youthful” stage. 7 An example of a V-shaped valley is the Grand Canyon in the Southwestern United States. A U-shaped valley is a valley with a profile (轮廓) similar to the letter “U”. 8 They are formed by glacial (冰川的) erosion during the last glaciation. This is because ice sheets flowed down the pre-existing river or V-shaped valleys and caused the bottom of the “V” to level out into a “U” shape, resulting in a wider, deeper valley. The third type of the valley is called a flat-floored valley. These valleys, like V-shaped valleys, are formed by streams. 9 Over time, the stream continues to erode the valley’s soil, widening it further. With flood, the material that is eroded and carried in the stream is deposited which builds up the floodplain and the valley. During this process, the shape of the valley changes from a V or U shaped valley into one with a broad flat valley floor. 10 They are close to rivers which enable easier movement and also provide resources like water, good soils and food such as fish. The valleys themselves were also helpful as valley walls often blocked winds and other severe weather if the settlement patterns were positioned correctly. Valleys also provided a safe place for settlement and made invasions difficult. A．A valley is normally occupied by a river or stream. B．During this period, streams flow rapidly down steep slopes. C．The river begins to erode the bank of its channel instead of valley walls. D．The shape of valleys varies but they are typically steep-sided canyons or broad plains. E．This type of valley is characterized by steep sides that curve in at the base of the valley wall. F．The difference is that they are no longer in their youthful stage, and are instead in a mature stage. G．Valleys have played an important role in people’s life since the beginning of human development. Passage 3 The game of baseball has long been woven into the fabric of American life. It is no surprise then that the baseball glove is associated with fond memories. 11 It is also an example of a product that has been perfected over time. Originally, baseball was played without gloves because the balls were home-made and soft. Made from string covered with leather or cotton sacks stuffed with rags, the balls were easier on the hand. The late 19th century saw baseballs made by machine and standardized across the United States to be tighter and harder, and they were capable of hurting a catcher’s hands. 12 Baseball gloves were initially just leather work gloves adapted to suit the player’s needs. 13 However, the simple padded work gloves could not prevent knuckles (指关节) from bursting, fingers from splitting and bones from breaking. The solution? More padding was added to the glove. 14 This design changed little until the late1930s, when an extra flap web that looked like a fishing net was added between the thumb and the fingers. This made it possible for first basemen to catch thrown balls more easily, revolutionizing the function of the glove. During the first half of the 20th century, fielders’ gloves evolved steadily to improve their catch. Field glove designs were adapted with longer fingers, deeper pockets and larger webs between the thumb and the fingers. New designs also added lace between the fingers, making it easier for players to catch the ball. Even more significantly, a new glove design was introduced in 1957, with a special feature in the heel of the glove’s palm, which allowed the glove to completely fold around the ball. 15 This characteristic has become the standard for glove design to this day. Catchers’ and first basemen’s gloves also adopted this style. From fingerless work gloves to flashy gloves designed for each position, the evolution of the baseball glove since the early days of professional baseball is as fascinating as the game itself. Due to technological advances, we may look forward to even newer designs for baseball gloves. A．Behind every glove is a great glove story. B．If a glove is well cared for, it can last decades. C．This led to gloves being designed to soften the catch. D．However, the baseball glove is more than an item of emotional value. E．Thanks to this new design, fielders could easily snatch (一下夺过) the ball with only one hand. F．Early first baseball glove designs were specialized from the padded fielders’ glove to an open glove design. G．For example, catchers’ gloves were work gloves without fingers to allow the player to better handle the ball. Passage 4 （2025年高二上·重庆·期中）Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never fun. 16 The answer is clear. History is essential in human civilization. Learning history helps you learn its significance. History grounds us in our roots. History is an interesting field of study, and learning the history of our homeland can offer a deeper glimpse into our pasts. 17 Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is about studying your roots and being open-minded to the today’s evolution. 18 Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago. Experts argue that problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life. History makes us more empathetic (共情的). Studying history can give us insight into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance. 19 History can break down those boundaries. History can inspire us to learn more. What’s fantastic about history is the way it broadens horizons. It’s impossible to learn about one historical period without knowing related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you’ll be amazed by Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist. 20 Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from his novels, and discover the history of England. A．History enriches our experience. B．History helps us know ancestors. C．We’re scared of the things that we don’t understand. D．And it also leads to how we got to where we are today. E．If you’re studying history, ask yourself “why is history important”. F．This book is so attractive that it enjoys popularity in the past and present. G．Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Passage 5 What do you do with old stuff? That top you bought for a party three years ago, for example. You wore it once and it’s been hanging in your wardrobe (衣柜) ever since. You could throw it away, but that seems wasteful — after all it’s still perfectly usable. So, what to do? 21 The first charity shops appeared in Britain in the 19th Century. The Salvation Army, a UK charity, was one of the first to run a second-hand clothing shop to provide the poor and needy with affordable clothes. 22 It also raised money for the war effort during World War II. These days, charity shops are a common sight with around 11,200 shops across the UK, according to the Charity Retail Association. During business hours any member of the public can donate their unwanted items to a charity shop. 23 These items are checked and if found still serviceable, priced up to be sold at a heavily discounted price. For many, this is a win-win situation. 24 To the consumer, it provides the opportunity to buy, often extremely cheaply, items and clothes. To the donator, it may help to ease consumer guilt. “You can make a pretty good case, because what you are doing is going towards a charitable cause and you are saving stuff from landfill,” Clare Press. fashion journalist and sustainable style advocate, tells the newspaper. 25 On more than one occasion a buyer has purchased something very cheaply, only to later discover its true value. So next time you need to rid yourself of something, spare a thought for the charity shop — after all, charity begins at home! A．Here are some tips that you can follow. B．In the UK, we might take it to a charity shop. C．You’re recommended to donate new items. D．To the charity, it means they can pursue their charitable aim. E．This was followed by charities such as the British Red Cross. F．There are sometimes hidden treasures for the buyers, too. G．Most charity shops will take anything. ( 23 / 24 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Back to the past (译林版2020选择必修第三册) 单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇+七选五5篇) Ⅰ阅读理解 Passage 1 （2025年高二下·浙江·开学考试）The concept of universal values — principles deemed applicable to all humanity — has roots in ancient civilizations. Chinese philosophers like Confucius emphasized Tian Xia Da Tong (Great Harmony Under Heaven, 天下大同), envisioning a world united by shared ethics. Similarly, Greek Stoics proposed natural law as a moral compass transcending borders. These early ideas, however, were confined to regional contexts until globalization catalyzed cross-cultural dialogues. The Enlightenment era marked a turning point. Thinkers like Locke and Rousseau framed universal rights around individual liberty and equality, ideals later enshrined in the U. S. Declaration of Independence and the French Revolution’s Liberté, égalité, fraternité (自由、平等、博爱). Yet, this European narrative faced critiques. Postcolonial scholars argue that 18th-century “universalism” often masked cultural imperialism, sidelining non-Western traditions. The 20th century witnessed institutionalization. The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) epitomized global consensus, yet tensions persisted. During the Cold War, ideological divides fragmented interpretations: capitalist nations prioritized political freedoms, while socialist states emphasized Socio-economic rights. Notably, the 1993 Vienna Declaration repeated cultural diversity within universalism, stating, “The significance of national particularities must be borne in mind”. Today’s debates center on cultural relativism versus universalism. Critics highlight Western dominance in defining “universal” norms, while advocates stress shared challenges like climate change that demand collective ethics. As philosopher Kwame Appiah observes, “Universalism need not erase differences but can emerge through ‘contamination’ —the blending of distinct value systems”. 1．Which civilizations laid early foundations for universal values? A．Greek and Egyptian B．Chinese and Indian C．Mesopotamian and Roman D．Chinese and Greek 2．The 1993 Vienna Declaration suggests that universal values should ________. A．acknowledge national uniqueness B．prioritize Western democratic models C．reject all cultural differences D．focus solely on environmental issues 3．Which phrase best describes the author’s perspective on modern universalism? A．A failed Eurocentric project. B．An unchanging set of rigid rules. C．A complex and evolving dialogue. D．A threat to cultural diversity. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了普世价值观的历史发展、演变及其在现代社会中的争议和讨论。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The concept of universal values—principles deemed applicable to all humanity — has roots in ancient civilizations. Chinese philosophers like Confucius emphasized Tian Xia Da Tong (Great Harmony Under Heaven, 天下大同), envisioning a world united by shared ethics. Similarly, Greek Stoics proposed natural law as a moral compass transcending borders.(普世价值观的概念——即被认为适用于全人类的原则——起源于古代文明。像孔子这样的中国哲学家强调“天下大同”，设想了一个由共同伦理团结起来的世界。同样，希腊斯多葛学派提出了自然法，作为超越国界的道德指南。)”可知，中国和希腊的文明为普世价值观奠定了早期基础。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Notably, the 1993 Vienna Declaration repeated cultural diversity within universalism, stating, ‘The significance of national particularities must be borne in mind’.(值得注意的是，1993年的《维也纳宣言》重申了普世主义中的文化多样性，指出‘必须牢记国家特殊性的意义’。)”可知，1993年《维也纳宣言》建议普世价值观应该承认国家的独特性。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As philosopher Kwame Appiah observes, ‘Universalism need not erase differences but can emerge through ‘contamination’—the blending of distinct value systems’.(正如哲学家夸梅•阿皮亚所指出的，‘普世主义不必消除差异，而可以通过‘融合’——即不同价值体系的融合——而产生’。)”可推知，作者认为现代普世主义是一个复杂且不断发展的对话。故选C。 Passage 2 （2025年高二上·湖南怀化·期末）Hunter-gatherer children in the Congo Basin have often learned how to hunt, identify eatable plants and care for babies by the age of six or seven. This rapid learning is shaped by a unique social environment where cultural knowledge is passed down not just from parents but from a broader community, according to a new Washington State University-led study. The research helps explain how many cultural features have been preserved for thousands of years among hunter-gatherer groups across a wide range of natural environments in Africa. “We focus on hunter-gatherers because this way of life characterized 99% of human history,” said Barry Hewlett, a professor of anthropology at WSU and lead author of the study. “Our bodies and minds are adapted to this intimate (亲密的), small group living. By examining how children in these societies learn, we intend to uncover the mechanisms that have allowed humans to adapt to diverse environments across the globe.” For the study, Hewlett and colleagues examine nine different modes of cultural transmission (传递) in hunter-gatherer societies. Their analysis reveals that members related to a child’s extended family have likely played a greater role in transmitting knowledge to children than previously thought. Additionally, the study shows about half of the cultural knowledge hunter-gatherer children and adolescents acquire comes from people they are not related to. This contrasts with previous studies on the topic that have more heavily emphasized the knowledge of parent-to-child transmission. The broad informal learning network in hunter-gatherer societies is made possible by intimate living conditions. Small camps, usually consisting of 25-35 individuals living in homes a few feet from each other, create an environment where children can observe and interact with a wide range of people. This allows them to learn essential skills, including caring for infants and cooking as well as hunting and gathering. Moving forward, Hewlett hopes that this research offers a deeper understanding of the nature of social learning in humans and how cultures in general are conserved and change over time. 4．What is the aim of Professor Hewlett’s study? A．To advocate the intimate group living. B．To reveal how humans adapted to diversity. C．To show the importance of parent-child bond. D．To explore living conditions of hunter-gatherers. 5．What do previous studies lay emphasis on about children’s knowledge? A．Knowledge from their parents. B．Knowledge from community members. C．Knowledge from hands-on practice. D．Knowledge from children’s distant relatives. 6．Which of the following best describes the atmosphere of hunter-gatherer society communities? A．Cold and tense. B．Lively and energetic. C．Calm and relaxed. D．Close and interactive. 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．What shaped human diversity? B．What led to cultural transmission? C．How hunter-gatherer societies developed? D．How children learned for 99% of human history? 【答案】4．B 5．A 6．D 7．D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了华盛顿州立大学主导的一项研究，探讨狩猎采集社会中儿童的学习方式，以及文化知识的传递机制。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段中Hewlett教授的话“By examining how children in these societies learn, we intend to uncover the mechanisms that have allowed humans to adapt to diverse environments across the globe. (通过研究这些社会中儿童的学习方式，我们旨在揭示人类适应全球不同环境的机制)”可知，Hewlett教授的研究目的是揭示人类如何适应全球不同环境的机制，即人类是如何适应全球不同环境的。故选B项。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This contrasts with previous studies on the topic that have more heavily emphasized the knowledge of parent to child transmission. (这与之前关于该主题的研究形成对比，之前的研究更强调亲子之间的知识传递)”可知，以前的研究强调亲子之间的知识传递，即孩子们从父母那里获得知识。故选A项。 6．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The broad informal learning network in hunter-gatherer societies is made possible by intimate living conditions. Small camps, usually consisting of 25-35 individuals living in homes a few feet from each other, create an environment where children can observe and interact with a wide range of people. (在狩猎采集社会中，亲密的生活条件使广泛的非正式学习网络成为可能。小营地通常由25到35个人组成，他们的住所彼此相距只有几英尺，这样的环境让孩子们可以观察并与各种各样的人互动)”可知，在狩猎采集社会社区里，人们距离很近，孩子们可以观察并与各种各样的人互动。由此可知，其氛围是亲密且互动性强的。故选D项。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Hunter gatherer children in the Congo Basin have often learned how to hunt, identify eatable plants and care for babies by the age of six or seven. (刚果盆地的狩猎采集社会的儿童通常在六七岁时就学会了如何狩猎、识别可食用的植物以及照顾婴儿)”、第二段中“We focus on hunter gatherers because this way of life characterized 99% of human history (我们关注狩猎采集者，因为这种生活方式占据了人类历史的99%)”、第三段中“For the study, Hewlett and colleagues examine nine different modes of cultural transmission (传递) in hunter-gatherer societies.(在这项研究中，Hewlett和同事们研究了狩猎采集社会中九种不同的文化传播模式)”和最后一段“Moving forward, Hewlett hopes that this research offers a deeper understanding of the nature of social learning in humans and how cultures in general are conserved and change over time.(展望未来，Hewlett希望这项研究能更深入地了解人类社会学习的本质，以及文化是如何随着时间的推移而保存和变化的)”可知，狩猎采集社会占据了人类历史时长的99%，文章介绍了一项关于狩猎采集社会中儿童的学习方式和文化知识传递机制的研究。故D项“How children learned for 99% of human history? (在人类历史99%的时间里孩子们是如何学习的？)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 3 （2025年高二上·重庆·期末）Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, the evolution of wheels is a remarkable journey that has spanned over 5,500 years, with its origins tracing back to ancient Asia. The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn’t become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals can carry heavy loads, such as farming tools, articles of daily use and humans around, making wheels seem unnecessary. But it could also be because of a difficult situation. The construction of smooth road surfaces, which are crucial for the efficient operation of wheels. While wheels need to roll on smooth surface, roads with smooth surfaces weren’t going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually, road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design. In the mid-1700s, a Frenchman came up with a new design of road — a base layer of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong, lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same time, metal hubs (the central part of a wheel) came into being, followed by the pneumatic tyre (充气轮胎) in 1846. Alloy wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads (柏油路). As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster. Despite the reasons for their delayed popularity remaining unclear, it is evident that wheels have played a significant role in shaping the modern world. From ancient Asia to modern times, wheels have revolutionized transportation, making it faster, more efficient, and more accessible to people around globe. 8．What might explain why transport wheels didn’t become popular for some time? A．Few knew how to use transport wheels. B．Humans carried farming tools just as well. C．Animals were a good means of transport. D．The existence of transport wheels was not known. 9．What do we know about road design from the passage? A．It was easier than wheel design. B．It improved after big changes in vehicle design. C．It had been no change before the arrival of wheel design. D．It contributed to the development of wheel design. 10．How is the fourth paragraph mainly developed? A．By following time order. B．By making comparisons. C．By giving data. D．By making explanations. 11．What is the passage mainly about? A．The beginning of road design. B．The development of transport wheels. C．The history of public transport. D．The invention of fast-moving vehicles. 【答案】8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是轮子的发明、发展及其对现代世界，特别是交通运输领域的重要影响。 8．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“This could be because animals can carry heavy loads, such as farming tools, articles of daily use and humans around, making wheels seem unnecessary.(这可能是因为动物可以携带重物，比如农具、日常用品和周围的人，这使得轮子似乎没有必要。)”可知，运输轮子在一段时间内没有流行起来是因为动物是一种很好的交通工具。故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.(在现代道路设计出现之前，车轮和车辆的设计并没有发生重大变化。)”和文章第四段“As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.(随着车轮设计的发展，车辆变得越来越快。)”可知，道路设计的发展促进了车轮的发展。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段“In the mid-1700s, a Frenchman came up with a new design of road — a base layer of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong, lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same time, metal hubs (the central part of a wheel) came into being, followed by the pneumatic tyre (充气轮胎) in 1846. Alloy wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads (柏油路).(18世纪中期，一位法国人想出了一种新的道路设计——一层大石头覆盖一层薄薄的小石头。一位苏格兰人在19世纪20年代改进了这种设计，坚固耐用的路面成为现实。大约在同一时间，金属轮毂（车轮的中心部分）出现了，接着是1846年的充气轮胎。合金车轮发明于1967年，比柏油路晚了60年。)”可知，第四段是按照时间顺序展开的，故选A。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, the evolution of wheels is a remarkable journey that has spanned over 5,500 years, with its origins tracing back to ancient Asia.(几乎所有有活动部件的机器都有轮子，但是没有人确切地知道第一个轮子是什么时候发明的，或者它是用来做什么的。我们知道，车轮的演变是一个跨越5500多年的非凡旅程，它的起源可以追溯到古代亚洲。)”可知，全文讲述了车轮发展历程及道路设计对车轮发展的影响，因此本文的主旨是B选项“The development of transport wheels.(运输车轮的发展。)”。故选B。 Passage 4 （2025年高二上·江西吉安·期末）In 1381, the Ming armed forces killed Zheng He’s father and captured him when he was ten years old. He became a eunuch (太监) and was sent to serve in Yan’s household of Prince Zhu Di. He learned military and fighting strategies, as well as studied the works of Confucius. He became a very close friend of the prince. Later, He fought on Prince Yan’s side and accompanied him on numerous battles throughout China. He was a key player in Yan’s gaining imperial power (政权). In 1404, Zheng He was promoted to Grand Eunuch. The Yongle Emperor appointed Zheng commander of a large treasure fleet (舰队) and over twenty thousand men. Zheng He, at thirty-three years old, had the highest rank of any eunuch in the history of China. In the autumn of the following year, his fleet left Nanjing for Calicut, located on the west coast of India. This was the first of seven expeditions of the treasure fleet. Over the years, he travelled to many areas. He traded and made many diplomatic (外交的) friends during these expeditions. The Yongle Emperor died in 1424. By this time, Zheng He, who was fifty-three years old, had already finished six voyages and had brought back many envoys from various foreign lands to meet the emperor. However, the Yongle Emperor’s oldest son, Zhu Gaozhi, was made the Hongxi Emperor. In his nine month rule, the emperor stopped all treasure fleet repairs and construction because of the expenses. In 1426, the Hongxi Emperor passed away. The new ruler was the Xuande Emperor and he made a decision to send Zheng He and his treasure fleet out once again. In 1432, when Zheng He was sixty-one years old, he left with one of his largest fleets for his final sea voyage across the Indian Ocean. Zheng He died on the return voyage in 1433 as his fleet was sailing east from Calicut, 12．Why did the Yongle Emperor put Zheng He in such a high position? A．Because of his high spirits and great wisdom. B．Because of his extraordinary courage and strength. C．Because of his civil and military skills and devotion. D．Because of his firm perseverance and superior ability. 13．How old was Zheng He when he first voyaged? A．33. B．34. C．53. D．61. 14．What was the reason why Zheng He failed his voyage in 1425? A．Absence of mind. B．Fear of enemies. C．Lack of manpower. D．Shortage of funds. 15．Which is one of Zheng He’s achievements in his expeditions according to the text? A．Prince Zhu Di’s imperial power. B．Occupying various foreign lands. C．New breakthroughs in diplomacy. D．Fleet’s repairs and construction. 【答案】12．C 13．B 14．D 15．C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国明朝时期著名航海家郑和的人生经历，包括他被明朝军队俘虏、成为太监、在皇宫中服务、学习军事和儒家思想、辅佐皇子、成为舰队指挥官、进行多次远洋航海以及最终逝世等历史事件。 12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“He learned military and fighting strategies, as well as studied the works of Confucius.(在那里，他学习军事和作战策略，还研读孔子的著作。)”第二段“Later, He fought on Prince Yan’s side and accompanied him on numerous battles throughout China. He was a key player in Yan’s gaining imperial power(政权). (后来，郑和追随燕王，随他在中国各地征战无数。他在燕王夺取政权的过程中发挥了关键作用。)”可知，郑和学习军事和作战策略，研读孔子著作，且追随燕王四处征战，在燕王夺取政权中发挥关键作用，这体现了他的文韬武略及忠诚，所以永乐皇帝让他担任高位。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The Yongle Emperor appointed Zheng commander of a large treasure fleet(舰队) and over twenty thousand men. Zheng He, at thirty-three years old, had the highest rank of any eunuch in the history of China.(永乐皇帝任命郑和为一支庞大的宝船舰队统帅，麾下将士逾两万。时年三十三岁的郑和，成为中国历史上宦官中品级最高者。)”以及第三段“In the autumn of the following year, his fleet left Nanjing for Calicut, located on the west coast of India. This was the first of seven expeditions of the treasure fleet.(次年秋天，郑和率领舰队从南京出发，驶向位于印度西海岸的卡利卡特。这便是宝船舰队七次远航中的首次。)”可知，郑和33岁被永乐皇帝任命他为庞大宝船舰队的指挥官，而舰队是在第二年秋天出发，即郑和首次航行时是34岁。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The Yongle Emperor died in 1424. By this time, Zheng He, who was fifty-three years old, had already finished six voyages and had brought back many envoys from various foreign lands to meet the emperor. However, the Yongle Emperor’s oldest son, Zhu Gaozhi, was made the Hongxi Emperor. In his nine month rule, the emperor stopped all treasure fleet repairs and construction because of the expenses.(1424年，永乐皇帝驾崩。此时，五十三岁的郑和已经完成六次航行，并带回许多来自不同国家的使节觐见皇帝。然而，永乐皇帝的长子朱高炽即位，成为洪熙皇帝。在其九个月的统治期间，由于开支巨大，皇帝下令停止所有宝船舰队的修缮与建造工作。)”可知，1424年永乐皇帝去世，他的长子朱高炽即位成为洪熙皇帝，在其九个月的统治期间，由于开支问题，皇帝停止了所有宝船舰队的维修和建造；由此可知，资金短缺是1425年郑和无法进行航行的原因。故选D。 15．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He traded and made many diplomatic(外交的) friends during these expeditions.(在这些远航中，他开展贸易活动，还结交了众多外交友人。)”可知，郑和在远航中所取得的成就之一结交许多外交友人，在外交方面取得了新突破。故选C。 Passage 5 （2025年高二上·内蒙古包头·期末）As a boy, Robert Ballard liked to read about shipwrecks. He read a lot about the Titanic. “My lifelong dream was to find this great ship,” he says. On August 31, 1985, Ballard’s dream came true. He found the wreck of the Titanic. The ship was in two main parts lying four kilometers (2.4 miles) under the sea. Using video cameras and an undersea robot, Ballard looked around the ship. He found many items that told the sad story of the Titanic’s end. For example, he found a child’s shoes, a reminder of the many deaths that happened that night in 1912. In 1986, Ballard visited the Titanic again. This time, he reached the ship in a small submarine. A deep-sea robot — a “swimming eyeball” — took photos inside the ship. When other people saw the photos, they wanted to visit the ship, too. When Ballard returned in 2004, he found the Titanic in very bad condition. Other explorers had taken away about 6,000 items, like clothes, dishes, and shoes. Some even took pieces of the ship. They think these things should be moved to a safer place, but Ballard doesn’t agree. Ballard believes that taking things from the Titanic is like robbing a grave. Instead, he wants to put lights and cameras on and around the shipwreck. This way, people can see the great shipwreck and remember what happened to it. “As long as she needs protection,” says Ballard, “the Titanic will always be part of my life.” 16．What is the reading mainly about? A．Visitors to the Titanic leave it in bad condition. B．The great shipwreck and historical treasure — Titanic. C．Robert Ballard found the Titanic and wants to keep it safe. D．Robert Ballard’s hopes that more people will visit the Titanic. 17．The first time he explored the Titanic, Ballard ______. A．found a girl’s shoes in the shipwreck B．took pieces of the ship to protect it in safer places C．took photos of the shipwreck with a “swimming eyeball” D．explored around the shipwreck with undersea equipment 18．What kind of person is Ballard? A．Adventurous and generous. B．Creative and hardworking. C．Devoted and responsible. D．Inspiring and brave. 19．Which statement would Ballard probably agree with? A．People should not remove anything from the Titanic. B．Lights and cameras will hurt the remains of the Titanic. C．The Titanic wreck should be moved out of the water completely. D．More funds should be provided for the Titanic by the government. 【答案】16．C 17．D 18．C 19．A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Robert Ballard从小梦想找到泰坦尼克号，他于1985年和1986年进行探索，2004年发现因其他探险家拿走物品导致沉船状况变差，他反对这种行为，想通过安装灯光和摄像头保护沉船。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇介绍Robert Ballard从小就梦想找到泰坦尼克号，接着讲述他在1985年和1986年对泰坦尼克号的探索经历，然后提到2004年他发现泰坦尼克号状况不佳，最后表明他想在沉船周围安装灯光和摄像头来保护它。因此，文章主要讲述了Robert Ballard找到泰坦尼克号并想保护它。故选C项。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Using video cameras and an undersea robot, Ballard looked around the ship. (Ballard利用摄像机和一个水下机器人观察了这艘船的四周)”可知，第一次探索泰坦尼克号时，Ballard用海底设备对沉船周围进行了探索。故选D项。 18．推理判断题。根据第一段中““My lifelong dream was to find this great ship,” he says. (“我一生的梦想就是找到这艘伟大的船，”他说)”和第二段中“On August 31, 1985, Ballard’s dream came true. He found the wreck of the Titanic. (1985年8月31日，Ballard的梦想实现了。他发现了泰坦尼克号的残骸)”可知，Ballard从小就怀揣着找到泰坦尼克号的梦想，并且最终实现了，说明他对这件事很执着、投入；再根据第四段中“They think these things should be moved to a safer place, but Ballard doesn’t agree. (他们认为这些东西应该转移到一个更安全的地方，但Ballard不赞同)”和最后一段中““As long as she needs protection,” says Ballard, “the Titanic will always be part of my life.” (Ballard说：“只要她需要保护，泰坦尼克号就永远是我生活的一部分。”)”可知，Ballard坚决反对拿走沉船上物品的行为，还想保护沉船，体现了他的责任感。故选C项。 19．推理判断题。根据第四段中“They think these things should be moved to a safer place, but Ballard doesn’t agree. (他们认为这些东西应该转移到一个更安全的地方，但Ballard不赞同)”和最后一段中“Ballard believes that taking things from the Titanic is like robbing a grave. (Ballard认为，从泰坦尼克号上拿走东西就像盗墓一样)”可知，Ballard不赞同转移沉船上的物品，认为这种行为等同于盗墓。因此，他应该会同意人们不应该从泰坦尼克号上拿走任何东西。故选A项。 Passage 6 （2025年高二上·四川泸州·期末）While accidents and incidents do happen, in this day and age, roller coasters (过山车) are generally considered safe. This wasn’t always the case: Early roller coasters and other rides were uncomfortable at best, and dangerous at worst. One pioneer to the roller coaster were the Ice Slides-hills constructed of wood and ice-found in Russia in the 16th century. After an exhausting climb up a set of stairs, riders would dash down the slope (坡) on a block of ice with a pile of straw as the seat. Fun! In the early 1800s, a wheeled version made its way to France, making it more similar to modern roller coasters. Except that the wheels would often come off and the cars wouldn’t stop at the bottom of the hill. Less fun! Coasters only got more dangerous in the next century. Consider the infamous Coney Island Rough Riders roller coaster, which killed seven people in a five-year span from 1910 to 1915 before it was shut down. The coaster was an honor to Theodore Roosevelt and his “Rough Riders,” the soldiers who fought in the Spanish-American War. But the coaster was almost as dangerous as Battle of San Juan Hill: According to PBS, in one accident, the speeding coaster threw off 16 people, killing four. In another accident, the coaster jumped the track and caused three deaths. One woman survived the dangerous hanging from a rail with one hand, holding her child with the other hand. Another great place to get injured was New Jersey’s Action Park, which did its damage from 1978 to 1996 before closing. How bad was Action Park? A few years ago, my New Jersey-born wife got an email that said “You know you’re from New Jersey when ... you’ve been seriously injured at Action Park.” 20．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By making a contrast. B．By asking a question. C．By giving a definition. D．By offering a suggestion. 21．What was the first roller coaster made of? A．Wood and ice. B．Metal wheels. C．Grass and stone. D．Soldiers’weapons. 22．What was Coney Island Rough Riders built for? A．Testing the challenge of the ride. B．Remembering a historical event. C．Celebrating a woman’s survival. D．Recording a bloody Spanish battle. 23．What is the tone of the author’s description? A．Uncertain. B．Cautious. C．Angry. D．Humorous. 【答案】20．A 21．A 22．B 23．D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是过山车从16世纪俄罗斯的冰滑梯到现代的安全游乐设施的发展历程，以及其间惊险刺激与危险并存的故事。 20．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“While accidents and incidents do happen, in this day and age, roller coasters (过山车) are generally considered safe. This wasn’t always the case: Early roller coasters and other rides were uncomfortable at best, and dangerous at worst.(虽然事故和事件确实会发生，在当今时代，过山车通常被认为是很安全的。然而情况并非总是如此：早期的过山车和其他游乐设施最好的情况下是不舒服的，最坏的情况下则是危险的。)”可知，文章开头指出当今的过山车通常被认为是安全的，随后立即转折到过去的情况，强调了时代的变迁和进步，由此可知，作者通过对比现在过山车的安全性和早期过山车的危险性来引入话题。故选A项。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One pioneer to the roller coaster were the Ice Slides-hills constructed of wood and ice-found in Russia in the 16th century.(过山车的先驱之一是16世纪在俄罗斯出现的冰滑梯——这些由木头和冰建造的山坡。)”可知，最早的过山车之一是由木头和冰构成的冰滑梯。故选A项。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The coaster was an honor to Theodore Roosevelt and his “Rough Riders,” the soldiers who fought in the Spanish-American War.(这辆过山车是为了向西奥多·罗斯福和他的“Rough Riders”致敬，这些士兵参加了美西战争。)”可知，这辆过山车是为了向西奥多·罗斯福以及参加美西战争的士兵表示敬意的，由此可知，这辆过山车是纪念一个历史事件而建造的。故选B项。 23．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Except that the wheels would often come off and the cars wouldn’t stop at the bottom of the hill. Less fun!(除了车轮经常会脱落，汽车不会停在山脚下。不好玩!)”可知，在描述与现代的过山车相似的那种过山车时，提到车轮子脱落这样的滑稽可笑的事情，也说明了这种过山车的危险，结合尾段中的“Another great place to get injured was New Jersey’s Action Park, which did its damage from 1978 to 1996 before closing. How bad was Action Park? A few years ago, my New Jersey-born wife got an email that said “You know you’re from New Jersey when ... you’ve been seriously injured at Action Park.”(另一个容易受伤的地方是新泽西的Action Park（动感公园），该公园从1978年到1996年间造成了不少伤害，直到关闭。Action Park有多糟糕？几年前，我那位出生于新泽西的妻子收到一封邮件，上面写着“你知道你是来自新泽西的，当……你在Action Park受过重伤时。”)”可知，作者为了描述Action Park的糟糕成程度，利用他的妻子在几年前收到这封邮件的内容，而该信件的内容是以一种幽默的方式反映了该公园的安全记录之差，这种幽默并不贬低或轻视所发生的不幸事件，由此可推断，作者使用的是幽默的语调描述的。故选D项。 Passage 7 （2025年高二上·河北张家口·期末）Mention the 1970s and most people will have an opinion. It was mixed up with memories of strikes, power cuts and bombs in London. Go deeper and there were plenty of pubs, televisions limited to three channels, and cinema chains that often changed their programs twice weekly, or had late night screenings. Best of all, though, was live music. Every town had its established site for touring bands but London enjoyed a large number of smaller locations that hosted rock, folk or jazz acts several nights a week. Many of these were Irish owned or managed, and part of a tradition where providing live music was part and parcel (主要) of running a pub. In fact, there were an awful lot of bands and singers you could see on a regular basis within 25 miles of London. Even better, you can go to many of the smaller sites for free. The concentration of so much of this in such a small geographical area was a comparatively recent development and can be traced to the impact the 1973 oil price hike had on the record industry. Against the background of the strikes and power cuts that everyone experienced, would-be rock stars found that touring up and down the UK in a truck and breakfast suddenly became expensive. It was hardly surprising that bands concentrated on sites closer to home to lower travel and accommodation costs. There were other factors at work too. It’s worth remembering that the London of the 1970s was a city with a steadily decreasing population. There were many empty houses as well as local authority flats that were “hard to let”, and commercial space too, which meant plenty of recording and rehearsing (排练) studios. 24．Why is the first paragraph written? A．To introduce the topic of discussion. B．To reveal the setting of a story. C．To explain a phenomenon in question, D．To provide evidence for a point of view. 25．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．Each town had its own music band. B．Irish jazz music was the most popular. C．Music styles varied from area to area. D．Live music was performed in many pubs. 26．Why did many bands in the 1970s choose sites closer to their homes? A．To reduce travel and accommodation costs. B．To contribute to local entertainment industry. C．To take advantage of the cultural environment. D．To avoid being affected by strikes and power cuts. 27．What is the best title for the text? A．The History of Live Music B．Live Music and the 1973 Oil Hike C．London’s Live Music in the 1970s D．Pub Culture Giving Rise to Live Music 【答案】24．A 25．D 26．A 27．C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了20世纪70年代伦敦现场音乐演出盛行的现象，并分析了该现象背后的原因。 24．推理判断题。根据第一段“Mention the 1970s and most people will have an opinion. It was mixed up with memories of strikes, power cuts and bombs in London. Go deeper and there were plenty of pubs, televisions limited to three channels, and cinema chains that often changed their programs twice weekly, or had late night screenings. Best of all, though, was live music. (提到20世纪70年代，大多数人都会有自己的看法。它混杂着对伦敦罢工、停电和炸弹袭击的记忆。再往深处走，你会发现那里有很多酒吧，只有三个频道的电视，以及经常每周换两次节目或深夜放映的连锁电影院。不过最棒的是现场音乐表演)”可知，本段先描述人们对20世纪70年代的各种印象，然后引出当时最好的是现场音乐这一话题，为后文围绕70年代伦敦现场音乐展开讨论做铺垫。由此可知，本段是为了引出讨论的话题。故选A项。 25．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Every town had its established site for touring bands but London enjoyed a large number of smaller locations that hosted rock, folk or jazz acts several nights a week. Many of these were Irish owned or managed, and part of a tradition where providing live music was part and parcel (主要) of running a pub. (每个城镇都有固定的乐队巡演场地，但伦敦有很多小场地，每周有几个晚上会举办摇滚、民谣或爵士表演。其中许多都是爱尔兰人拥有或管理的，这是传统的一部分，提供现场音乐是经营酒吧的重要组成部分)”可知，每周在伦敦的很多小场地都有各种现场音乐表演，酒吧提供现场音乐是一项重要传统。由此可知，很多酒吧都有现场音乐表演。故选D项。 26．细节理解题。根据第四段中“It was hardly surprising that bands concentrated on sites closer to home to lower travel and accommodation costs. (不足为奇的是，乐队集中在离家更近的地方来降低出行和住宿费用)”可知，当时乐队选择离家近的演出场地是为了降低出行和住宿费用。故选A项。 27．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Mention the 1970s and most people will have an opinion. (提到20世纪70年代，大多数人都会有自己的看法)”和“Best of all, though, was live music. (不过最棒的是现场音乐表演)”可知，文章主要围绕20世纪70年代伦敦的现场音乐展开，讲述了当时伦敦现场音乐演出盛行，并分析了该现象背后的原因。因此，C项“20世纪70年代的伦敦现场音乐”最能概括文章主要内容，作为标题最合适。故选C项。 Passage 8 （2025年高二上·甘肃临夏·期末）Scientists in Azerbaijan recently discovered something from a 4,000-year-old camp of herders(牧人), which reminded them of a similar discovery found in an superb ancient Egyptian tomb. What they found may be the oldest board game in history, reports Science Alert. Scientists, Walter Crist from Leiden University in the Netherlands and Rahman Abdullayev from the Minnesota History Society, led the team that uncovered the board game. At six sites across Azerbaijan, Crist and Abdullayev found rocks with carved designs that were reminisced of the Ancient Egyptian game Hounds and Jackals (猎犬和豺狼). The board games from Azerbaijan date back to before 2000 BCE, older than those found in ancient Egypt. The discovery suggests that Hounds and Jackals may be older than historians think, and it may not have originated in Egypt after all. Hounds and Jackals is played by moving five pieces with heads shaped like hounds and five pieces with heads shaped like jackals through 58 holes. It is a race game where players try to be the first to reach the finish line. The discovery in Azerbaijan uncovered something else surprising. Whereas Egypt’s Hounds and Jackals, also called Fifty-Eight Holes was found in an superb tomb of a government official, Azerbaijan’s oldest game was probably used by cattle herders. “Whatever the origin of the game of Fifty-Eight Holes, it was quickly adopted and played by a wide variety of people, from the nobility of middle kingdom of Egypt to the cattle herders of the Caucasus, and from the Old Assyrian traders in Anatolia to the workers who built Middle Kingdom pyramids (金字塔).” Crist and Abdullayev wrote in a study. Crist said that the game probably provided more than just recreation. Game playing likely helped ancient people make friends and build trust with each other, much like it does today. “The fast spread of this game proves the ability of games to act as social tools, promoting interactions across social classes.” Crist explained. 28．Why might Hounds and Jackals be the oldest board game? A．It is played by various people. B．It is older than the Egyptian version. C．It was found in many Azerbaijan sites. D．It was discovered from a herders’ camp. 29．What does the underlined word “reminisced” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Highlighted. B．Contrasted. C．Created. D．Recalled. 30．What can we infer about the spread of the game? A．It spread slowly outside of Egypt. B．It spread mainly among the working class. C．It only spread within Egypt and Azerbaijan. D．It spread across different social classes and regions. 31．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．The game was invented by herders. B．The game helped build social connections. C．The game only served as a form of recreation. D．The game was popular with government officials. 【答案】28．B 29．D 30．D 31．B 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了阿塞拜疆科学家发现了可能是史上最古老的棋盘游戏，其类似古埃及的“猎犬和豺狼”游戏，但更古老，这表明该游戏的起源或非埃及。游戏玩法为移动特定棋子争先冲线，且阿塞拜疆发现的此游戏使用者是牧人，它不仅能娱乐，还能促进社交互动。 28．推理判断题。文中第一段“What they found may be the oldest board game in history, reports Science Alert.(据Science Alert报道，他们发现的可能是历史上最古老的棋盘游戏)”提到阿塞拜疆发现的这款棋盘游戏可能是历史上最古老的棋盘游戏。同时，文中第二段“The board games from Azerbaijan date back to before 2000 BCE, older than those found in ancient Egypt.(阿塞拜疆的棋盘游戏可以追溯到公元前2000年之前，比在古埃及发现的还要早)”提到该游戏能追溯到公元前2000年之前，比在古埃及发现的版本时间更早，基于这个时间先后对比，才让人们觉得“猎犬和豺狼”游戏可能比历史学家原本认为的更古老。A选项，它被各种各样的人玩，这不是它可能是最古老的棋盘游戏的原因；C选项，它在阿塞拜疆的许多地方被发现，也不能直接说明它是最古老的；D选项，它从牧人营地被发现也不是主要原因。故选B。 29．词句猜测题。根据文中第二段“At six sites across Azerbaijan, Crist and Abdullayev found rocks with carved designs that were reminisced of the Ancient Egyptian game Hounds and Jackals (猎犬和豺狼).(在阿塞拜疆的六个地点，克里斯特和阿卜杜拉耶夫发现了带有雕刻图案的岩石，这些图案reminisced古埃及的游戏“猎犬和豺狼”)”可知，此处提到科学家发现了带有雕刻图案的石头，划线词下文提到古埃及的“猎犬和豺狼”游戏。推知“reminisced”在这里的意思应该是“使想起，使回忆起”，与recalled意思相近。highlighted意思是“突出，强调”；contrasted意思是“对比，对照”；created意思是“创造，创作”，这三个选项不符合语境。故选D。 30．推理判断题。文中最后一段提到“Whatever the origin of the game of Fifty-Eight Holes, it was quickly adopted and played by a wide variety of people, from the nobility of middle kingdom of Egypt to the cattle herders of the Caucasus, and from the Old Assyrian traders in Anatolia to the workers who built Middle Kingdom pyramids (金字塔).(不管Fifty-Eight Holes的起源是什么，它很快被各种各样的人接受并玩，从埃及中央王国的贵族到高加索的牧民，从安纳托利亚的古亚述商人到建造中央王国金字塔的工人)”，说明该游戏在不同社会阶层（从埃及的贵族到高加索的牧人，从安纳托利亚的亚述商人到建造金字塔的工人）以及不同地区（埃及、高加索、安纳托利亚等）都有传播，所以答案是D选项。A选项说在埃及之外传播缓慢与原文不符；B选项说主要在工人阶级中传播，说法错误；C选项说只在埃及和阿塞拜疆传播也不符合原文描述。故选D。 31．推理判断题。最后一段提到“Game playing likely helped ancient people make friends and build trust with each other, much like it does today. ‘The fast spread of this game proves the ability of games to act as social tools, promoting interactions across social classes.’(玩游戏很可能帮助古人交朋友，建立彼此之间的信任，就像今天一样。‘这款游戏的快速传播证明了游戏作为社交工具的能力，促进了社会阶层之间的互动。’)”，强调游戏有助于人们结交朋友、建立信任以及跨越社会阶层促进互动，也就是帮助建立社会联系，所以答案是B选项。A选项说游戏是由牧人发明的，最后一段没有明确提及；C选项说游戏只作为一种娱乐形式，与原文不符；D选项说游戏在政府官员中很受欢迎，本段未提及。故选B。 Passage 9 It seems that there is no middle ground when it comes to cats. People either love them or hate them. These feelings are not new either. All through history, cats have been worshiped or hated. A study of ancient evidence indicates that for the past 5,000 years, cats have been kept as pets. This may not seem very long compared to the fact that dogs have been domesticated for 50,000 years, and it has definitely had its high and low points. Cats were at their highest position of domesticated life in ancient Egypt. There were more cats living in Egypt during the time of the pharaohs (法老) than in any other place in the world since that time. This high concentration of cats was probably due to the laws protecting the animal. Cats were associated with the moon goddess, so the Egyptians worshiped them as holy animals. If anyone was caught killing a cat, the person could be put to death. This respect for cats carried over to the Roman Empire where cats were the only animals allowed into temples. This fact was probably due to the ability of cats to keep the temples free of mice and rats. With the coming of the Dark Ages in Europe, the place of cats in society took a turn for the worse. Cats had a reputation as helpers of witches. When a person was accused of being a witch, a cat would often be put on trial with the person. The cat would be tortured (拷问) to try and make the person tell the truth, and usually the cat and the person would end up being burned in a bonfire (篝火) or drowned. Bonfires of collected cats were not uncommon during this time. The days of hunting witches have ended, but a few myths about cats still hold out. Many people today continue to believe that black cats are bad luck. If a black cat walks in front of a person, that person must take extra care in the near future to watch out for dangerous situations. Regardless superstition (迷信), cats remain a popular pet today. Some authorities on cats maintain that a cat can never truly be domesticated because it may turn wild and run away at any time. However, this claim has not discouraged people from keeping cats in their homes. One-third of homes in the United States have cats, and one out of every three of these homes keeps both a dog and a cat. Especially in large cities, many people in apartments have found that cats make much better pets when compared to dogs. 32．Why were cats highly respected in ancient Egypt? A．Because they were excellent hunters of mice and rats. B．Because they were associated with the moon goddess. C．Because they were the only animals allowed into temples. D．Because they had a high concentration in Egypt. 33．What happened to cats during the Dark Ages in Europe? A．Cats were often treated as witnesses in witch trials. B．Cats were often put on trial with accused witches. C．Cats were innocent and protected from harm. D．Cats were considered unlucky and subject to punishment. 34．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．More people prefer dogs over cats as their pets nowadays. B．People are not influenced by superstition when choosing pets. C．Cats are becoming less popular as other pets in urban areas. D．All families in the United States have at least one cat. 35．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Cats’ relationship with humans throughout history. B．The scientific evidence to support the domestication of cats. C．People’s mixed feelings about cats among different countries. D．The challenges faced by cat owners in modern cities. 【答案】32．B 33．B 34．B 35．A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是猫在人类历史和社会中的地位变迁，以及与之相关的文化、信仰和迷信。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats were associated with the moon goddess, so the Egyptians worshiped them as holy animals.(猫与月亮女神联系在一起，所以埃及人把它们当作神圣的动物来崇拜)”可知，猫在古埃及很受尊敬是因为它们与月亮女神有关。故选B。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段“Cats had a reputation as helpers of witches. When a person was accused of being a witch, a cat would often be put on trial with the person.(猫被认为是女巫的帮手。当一个人被指控为女巫时，一只猫通常会和这个人一起受审)”可知，在欧洲的黑暗时代，猫经常和被指控为女巫的人一起受审。故选B。34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Regardless superstition (迷信), cats remain a popular pet today.(抛开迷信，今天猫仍然是一种受欢迎的宠物)”可知，从最后一段可以推断出人们在选择宠物时不受迷信的影响。故选B。 35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A study of ancient evidence indicates that for the past 5,000 years, cats have been kept as pets. This may not seem very long compared to the fact that dogs have been domesticated for 50,000 years, and it has definitely had its high and low points.(一项对古代证据的研究表明，在过去的5000年里，猫一直被当作宠物饲养。与狗被驯化了5万年的事实相比，这似乎不是很长，而且它肯定有高潮和低谷)”可知，本文主要讲的是猫与人类的关系以及猫在不同历史时期的社会地位，因此主旨大意是A选项“Cats’ relationship with humans throughout history.(历史上猫与人类的关系)”。故选A。 Passage 10 （2025年高二上·陕西西安·期中）It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers (生产商) follow certain uniform standards for various features of clothes. What seems strange, however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. Take a look at the way your clothes button. Men’s clothes tend to button from the right, and women’s from the left. Considering most of the world’s population-men and women-are right-handed, the men’s standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do women’s clothes button from the left? History really seems to matter here. Button first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century, when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly right-handed servants, having women’s shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hand, having men’s shirts button from the right made sense, too. Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt. Today women are seldom dressed by servants, but buttoning from the left is still the standard for them. Is it interesting? Actually, a standard, once set, resists change. At a time when all women’s shirts buttoned from the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women’s shirts that buttoned from the right. After all, women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to switch, since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men’s shirts. 36．What is surprising about the standard of the clothing industry? A．It fails to consider right-handed people. B．It woks better with men than with women. C．It is different for men’s clothing and women’s. D．It has been followed by the industry for over 400 years. 37．What do we know about the rich men in the 17th century? A．They tended to wear clothes without buttons. B．They were interested in the historical matters. C．They were mostly dressed by servants. D．They drew their swords from the left. 38．Women’s clothes still button from the left today because _________. A．customs are hard to change B．modern women dress themselves C．manufacturers should follow standards D．adopting men’s style is improper for women 39．The passage is mainly developed by _________. A．analyzing cause B．making comparisons C．examining differences D．following the time order 【答案】36．C 37．D 38．A 39．A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了男女服装扣子方向不同的历史原因及这一标准难以改变的现状。 36．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers follow certain uniform standards for various features of clothes. What seems strange, however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. (服装制造商对服装的各种特性都遵循一定的统一标准，这一点也不奇怪。然而，奇怪的是，女性采用的标准与男性的相反)”可知，服装行业标准的令人惊讶之处在于男女服装的标准不同。故选C项。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Button first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century, when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly right-handed servants, having women’s shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hand, having men’s shirts button from the right made sense, too. Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt. (17世纪，纽扣首次出现在富人的衣服上，当时有钱的女人都是由仆人打扮的。对于大多数惯用右手的仆人来说，把女衬衫的扣子从左边扣起来会容易些。另一方面，男士衬衫的纽扣从右边扣起也是有道理的。大多数男人自己穿衣服，用右手从左边拔出的剑不太可能被衬衫夹住)”可知，17世纪有钱的男性用右手从左边拔出剑来。故选D项。 38．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Actually, a standard, once set, resists change. At a time when all women’s shirts buttoned from the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women’s shirts that buttoned from the right. After all, women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to switch, since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men’s shirts. (实际上，标准一旦设定，就会抵制改变。在所有女式衬衫都从左边扣扣子的时代，任何一家制造商提供从右边扣扣子的女式衬衫都是有风险的。毕竟，女人们已经习惯了从左边扣扣子的衬衫，她们必须养成新的习惯和技巧来换纽扣，因为任何注意到这一点的人都会认为她们穿的是男衬衫)”可知，女式服装的扣子仍然在左边是因为习惯一旦形成就很难改变。故选A项。 39．推理判断题。根据第一段中“So why do women’s clothes button from the left? (那么为什么女性衣服需要从左侧系扣子呢？)”和下文内容可知，文章由一个问题展开，解释了女性衣服需要从左侧系扣子原因。所以本文是通过分析原因的方式展开的。故选A项。 Passage 11 When it comes to popular symbols of marriage, one can not look past the wedding ring. The wedding ring serves as a perfect symbol of everlasting love — a ring is a circle and thus has no beginning or end, representing the never-ending union of marriage. Wedding rings have long and rich histories. Evidence suggests that wedding rings were used in ancient Egypt around 6,000 years ago. However, unlike the metals and gemstones used today, they were crafted from materials such as reeds, leather or bone. In the centuries that followed, the wedding ring tradition was picked up in the West, where it spread first in ancient Rome and Greece, subsequently throughout Europe during the Middle Ages and eventually to Eastern culture. Throughout history, the circular shape of the ring has endured, and so has the tradition of wearing it on the fourth finger of the left hand. The latter practice stemmed from an ancient belief that a vein ran directly from this finger to the heart. Although this belief has since been proved false, the custom has persisted. Regarding customs surrounding wedding rings, there was a time when only the bride wore a wedding ring. It wasn’t until the early 20th century that the practice of grooms wearing rings gained popularity. This change was influenced by soldiers going off to war, who wore rings as reminders of their loved ones waiting for them at home. Today, the exchange of wedding rings remains an integral part of the wedding ceremony, symbolizing the commitment and love shared between two individuals embarking on a life together. Wedding rings hold a symbolic significance that binds the two members of a married couple. In an ever-changing world, the wedding ring stands as an ancient tradition that is likely to continue for generations to come, reflecting the timeless and eternal love celebrated through marriage. 40．What is the main reason wedding rings are considered symbols of marriage? A．They are made of precious materials. B．They have profound histories. C．They are worn on left hands. D．They have circular shapes. 41．According to the passage, what is an example of a common myth instead of a fact? A．Women were wearing wedding rings long before men were. B．One finger on the left hand contains a vein leading to the heart. C．Both ancient Romans and Egyptians wore the ring on the same finger. D．The wedding ring tradition began in Egypt thousands of years ago. 42．Which of the following aspects of a wedding ring is NOT discussed in the passage? A．How the tradition of it spread around the world. B．What couples do with their wedding rings. C．How to choose suitable wedding rings. D．Materials used to make early rings. 43．How does the author feel about the tradition of wedding rings? A．It will most likely last forever. B．It has already fallen out of date. C．It should be taken more seriously. D．It holds no significance in modern society. 【答案】40．D 41．B 42．C 43．A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了结婚戒指的象征意义、悠久而丰富的历史、早期制作材料、传播过程、相关传统等。 40．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The wedding ring serves as a perfect symbol of everlasting love—a ring is a circle and thus has no beginning or end, representing the never-ending union of marriage. (结婚戒指是永恒爱情的完美象征——戒指是一个圆圈，因此没有起点也没有终点，代表着婚姻的永恒)”可知，结婚戒指被认为是婚姻的象征的主要原因是它们的形状是圆形的。故选D项。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Throughout history, the circular shape of the ring has endured, and so has the tradition of wearing it on the fourth finger of the left hand. The latter practice stemmed from an ancient belief that a vein ran directly from this finger to the heart. Although this belief has since been proved false, the custom has persisted. (纵观历史，圆形戒指的形状一直流传下来，把戒指戴在左手无名指上的传统也一直流传下来。后一种做法源于一种古老的信仰，即静脉直接从这只手指流向心脏。尽管这种信念后来被证明是错误的，但这种习俗仍然存在)”可知，左手的无名指上有一条通向心脏的静脉，这是一个常见的神话，而不是事实。故选B项。 42．细节理解题。根据“However, unlike the metals and gemstones used today, they were crafted from materials such as reeds, leather or bone. In the centuries that followed, the wedding ring tradition was picked up in the West, where it spread first in ancient Rome and Greece, subsequently throughout Europe during the Middle Ages and eventually to Eastern culture. Throughout history, the circular shape of the ring has endured, and so has the tradition of wearing it on the fourth finger of the left hand. (然而，与今天使用的金属和宝石不同，它们是由芦苇、皮革或骨头等材料制成的。在接下来的几个世纪里，结婚戒指的传统在西方被继承，首先在古罗马和希腊传播，随后在中世纪传遍欧洲，最终进入东方文化。纵观历史，圆形戒指的形状一直流传下来，把戒指戴在左手无名指上的传统也一直流传下来)”可知，文章涵盖了用来制造早期戒指的材料，婚戒的传统是如何传播到世界各地的，情侣们怎么使用他们的婚戒的，未提及如何选择合适的婚戒。故选C项。 43．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In an ever-changing world, the wedding ring stands as an ancient tradition that is likely to continue for generations to come, reflecting the timeless and eternal love celebrated through marriage. (在这个瞬息万变的世界里，结婚戒指作为一种古老的传统，很可能会代代相传，反映出通过婚姻庆祝的永恒的爱情)”可知，作者觉得婚戒的传统很可能会永远延续下去。故选A项。 Passage 12 Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes (路线) from west to east. However, businessmen and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did. In ancient times, silk from China found its way over land to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road. But another trading route across the sea was also formed along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centered around Ceylon. Here, businessmen from China and many other places met to exchange goods. Later, the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions. Between 1405 and 1433, seven large fleets (舰队) sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. Under the command of Zheng He, they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea, and then to the east coast of Africa. African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for silk, and spices. Although China stopped further expeditions (远征) after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active for centuries. To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路倡议). The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the relations between China and the rest of the world. China has poured billions of money in systems and services along these routes, which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange. China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects. In recent years, China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. From a scientific point of view, there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects. 44．What do we know about the ancient sea routes? A．The Silk Road existed longer than the sea routes. B．It was Columbus who first explored the sea routes. C．Businessmen travelled along the sea route for their king. D．The sea route was extended along the Indian Ocean coasts. 45．What can be inferred about China’s expeditions in the Ming Dynasty? A．They were stopped for economic reasons. B．They were considered to be a waste of money. C．They also had an influence on the world trade. D．Seven large fleets set sail from the East China Sea. 46．What’s the goal of China’s Belt and Road Initiative? A．To satisfy people’s strong desire and need. B．To promote trade and develop friendships. C．To understand the climate change and its effects. D．To improve the system and service along the routes. 47．What is the text mainly about? A．The Belt and Road Initiative. B．The history of Silk Road. C．Brave businessmen and explorers. D．China’s exploration across the sea. 【答案】44．D 45．C 46．B 47．D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国从古至今在海洋探索方面所做的尝试和取得的成绩。 44．细节理解题。根据第二段“But another trading route across the sea was also formed along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centered around Ceylon. (但另一条以锡兰为中心的跨海贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸形成。)”可知海上航线沿着印度洋海岸延伸。故选D项。 45．推理判断题。根据第三段“Although China stopped further expeditions (远征) after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active for centuries.(虽然中国在1433年后停止了进一步的探险，但这些陆上和海上航线在几个世纪里仍然活跃。)”可推断，中国明朝的远洋探险对世界贸易产生了影响。故选C项。 46．细节理解题。根据第四段“The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the relations between China and the rest of the world. (这一倡议的目的是鼓励丝绸之路沿线地区的合作和贸易，加强中国与世界其他国家的关系。)”可知中国“一带一路”倡议的目的是促进贸易和发展友谊。故选B项。 47．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes (路线) from west to east. However, businessmen and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.(马可波罗的故事激励了欧洲探险家寻找从西向东的海路。然而，来自东方的商人和探险家从东向西航行比哥伦布早很多年。)”可知文章主要介绍中国从古至今在海洋探索方面所做的尝试和取得的成绩。D项“中国的远洋探险。”最符合题意。故选D项。 Passage 13 Deep within the Yukon, one of the most densely wooded areas of Canada, sits a patch of land that is unlike any other forest on the planet. Instead of a canopy of treetops spreading across the horizon, tens of thousands of signposts perch haphazardly one on top of the other. They are all part of the Signpost Forest, the largest collection of signs from places around the world. At last count, the Signpost Forest in Watson Lake, located about 10 miles north of the U.S.-Canadian border, contains 91,000 signs from spots near and far. The tradition began during the Alaska Highway Project in 1942, when U.S. soldier Carl K. Lindley spent time in Watson Lake recovering from an injury. A commanding officer asked him to repair and erect the directional signposts, and while completing the job, the homesick soldier added a sign that indicated the direction and mileage to his hometown: “Danville, Illinois, 2,835 miles.” Others followed suit, and the trend caught on. Each year, an average of 1,000 new signs are being added to the collection. Lindley’s original sign has since been lost to time. Fifty years later, in 1992, Lindley and his wife Elinor made the pilgrimage back to Watson Lake to place a replica, which is still there. The Signpost Forest takes up a couple of acres, with huge panels snaking through the trees. There are street signs, welcome signs, signatures on dinner plates, and license plates from around the world. There are also a lot of familial signs; for example, a grandfather will put up a sign and then years later family will come back and try to find it. A lot of these are personal signs to literally say that they are here. Though the visitor center has wood and paints on hand to help create a sign, many people opt to bring their own signs, though illegally, by snatching a metal sign from their hometown and nailing it to one of the wood posts. The forest has grown so vast that the visitor center no longer tries to keep a detailed list of the signs. 48．What does “The tradition” in the second paragraph refer to? A．Counting the number of signs in the Signpost Forest. B．Replacing the natural forest with signs of different kinds. C．Putting directional signposts on the highways of the Yukon. D．Bringing signs to the Signpost Forest from around the world. 49．According to the passage, which of the following is true about the first sign in the Signpost Forest? A．It remained in the Forest until 1992. B．It was erected by an American soldier. C．It was first put on the Alaska Highway. D．It was brought from Lindley’s hometown. 50．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “replica” in the second paragraph? A．List. B．Trunk. C．Copy. D．Border. 51．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The origins and sizes of the signs in the Signpost Forest. B．The quantity and variety of the signs in the Signpost Forest. C．The difficulty of categorizing the signs in the Signpost Forest. D．The practice of nailing illegal signs to the posts in the Signpost Forest. 【答案】48．D 49．B 50．C 51．B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加拿大Yukon的路标森林。 48．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The tradition began during the Alaska Highway Project in 1942, when U.S. soldier Carl K. Lindley spent time in Watson Lake recovering from an injury. A commanding officer asked him to repair and erect the directional signposts, and while completing the job, the homesick soldier added a sign that indicated the direction and mileage to his hometown: “Danville, Illinois, 2,835 miles.” Others followed suit, and the trend caught on. Each year, an average of 1,000 new signs are being added to the collection.(这个传统始于1942年的Alaska Highway计划，当时美国士兵卡尔·K·林德利在沃森湖养伤。一位指挥官让他修理和竖立路标，在完成这项工作的同时，这位思乡的士兵在上面加了一个标志牌，标明了到他家乡的方向和距离：“伊利诺斯州丹维尔，2835英里。”其他人纷纷效仿，这一趋势开始流行起来。每年，平均有1000个新标识被添加到这个收藏中)”中“Others followed suit, and the trend caught on.”和“an average of 1,000 new signs are being added to the collection”可推知，上文的“The tradition”是指人们开始将世界各地的标识带到路标森林。故选D项。 49．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The tradition began during the Alaska Highway Project in 1942, when U.S. soldier Carl K. Lindley spent time in Watson Lake recovering from an injury. A commanding officer asked him to repair and erect the directional signposts, and while completing the job, the homesick soldier added a sign that indicated the direction and mileage to his hometown: “Danville, Illinois, 2,835 miles.” Others followed suit, and the trend caught on. (这个传统始于1942年的Alaska Highway计划，当时美国士兵卡尔·K·林德利在沃森湖养伤一位指挥官让他修理和竖立路标，在完成这项工作的同时，这位思乡的士兵在上面加了一个标志牌，标明了到他家乡的方向和距离：“伊利诺斯州丹维尔，2835英里。”其他人纷纷效仿，这一趋势开始流行起来)”可知，路标森林中的第一个标志牌是一个美国士兵竖起来的，所以B项是正确的说法。故选B项。 50．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Lindley’s original sign has since been lost to time. Fifty years later, in 1992, Lindley and his wife Elinor made the pilgrimage back to Watson Lake to place a replica, which is still there. (林德利最初的标志已经随着时间的流逝而消失了。50年后的1992年，林德利和他的妻子埃丽诺朝圣回到沃森湖，放置了一个replica，它仍然在那里)”可知，林德利最初的标志牌已经找不到了，50年后他故地重游，重新放了一个“复制品”，所以划线词与copy同义。故选C项。 51．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“The Signpost Forest takes up a couple of acres, with huge panels snaking through the trees. There are street signs, welcome signs, signatures on dinner plates, and license plates from around the world. There are also a lot of familial signs (路标森林占地几英亩，巨大的面板蜿蜒穿过树木。这里有街道标志、欢迎标志、餐盘上的签名，还有来自世界各地的车牌。还有很多家族标志)”和“The forest has grown so vast that the visitor center no longer tries to keep a detailed list of the signs.(森林已经变得如此广阔，以至于游客中心不再试图保留一个详细的标志列表)”可推知，最后一段主要讲了路标森林中指示牌的数量和种类。故选B项。 Passage 14 If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago, we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day, we should be able to give an answer to the question. It is the same in history. Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country, but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to write. For example, we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4,000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them. But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa. because they had not learned to write. Sometimes, of course, even if the people cannot write, they may know something of the past. They have heard about it from older people, and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings, and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations, for most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past. This we may call “remembered history”. Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing. But where there are no written records, such spoken stories are often very helpful. 52．Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage? A．Where there are no written records, there is no history. B．Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history. C．A written account of our daily activities helps us to be able to answer many questions. D．“Remembered history”, compared with written history, is less reliable. 53．We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because_________ A．there was nothing worth being written down at that time. B．the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record. C．the people there did not know how to write. D．the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire. 54．“Remembered history” refers to_________ A．history based on a person’s imagination. B．stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth. C．songs and dances about the most important events. D．both B and C． 55．The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we do now if the ancient people had_________ A．not burnt their written records in wars. B．kept a written record of every past event. C．told exact stories of the most important happenings. D．made more songs and dances. 【答案】52．A 53．C 54．D 55．B 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类是如何记录历史的，有两种方法：书面记录和口口相传。 52．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sometimes, of course, even if the people cannot write, they may know something of the past. They have heard about it from older people, and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings, and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations, for most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past.(当然，有时候，即使人们不会写字，他们也会对过去有所了解。他们从年纪大的人那里听说过这件事，经常有关于最重要的事情的歌曲、舞蹈和故事，这些被唱出来、表演出来并被传颂了许多代，因为大多数人都以讲述他们的父亲过去的事迹为荣)”可知，即使没有文字记载，历史也可以通过其它方式记录下来，所以A项“没有文字记载，就没有历史”不是文章要表达的观点。故选A。 53．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa. because they had not learned to write.(但我们对200年前生活在非洲中部的人们几乎一无所知。因为他们还没学会写字)”可知，我们对200年前的中非知之甚少，因为那里的人不会写字。故选C。 54．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They have heard about it from older people, and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings, and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations, for most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past. This we may call “remembered history”. (他们从年纪大的人那里听说过这件事，经常有关于最重要的事情的歌曲、舞蹈和故事，这些被唱出来、表演出来并被传颂了许多代，因为大多数人都以讲述他们的父亲过去的事迹为荣。我们可以把这叫做“Remembered history”)”可知，Remembered history指的是口口相传的重要事件的故事和关于最重要事件的歌舞。故选D。 55．推理判断题。根据第一段“If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago, we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day, we should be able to give an answer to the question.(如果有人问我们一年前到底在做什么，我们可能不得不说我们不记得了。但是，如果我们有一本书，把我们每天所做的事情记录下来，我们就能回答这个问题)”和第二段中“It is the same in history. Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them.  (历史上也是如此。许多事情已经被遗忘，因为我们没有任何书面记录)”可推知，如果古人对过去的每一件事都有文字记录，我们可能会比现在更了解我们的过去。故选B。 Passage 15 （2025年高二上·山东济南·期末）“Europe in a Second:10 Countries, 6 Days, Unforgettable Memories!” “Dense &Rich: 6 Days, 10 European Countries — A Trip of Culture & Adventure!” Are you still drown to the advertisements? Actually, the days of busy tours or hurried must-do vacations have given way to vacations where resting and recharging is the key. And for many, that means getting a good night’s sleep. A recent survey of 1,095 Americans, conducted by a team at Harvard’s Division of Sleep Medicine, found that over 94 percent of the participants want to participate in slow travel in the future and choose quiet and rest instead of adventure, “Gone are the days of traveling and coming home exhausted,” said Rebecca Robbins, the lead sleep scientist in the team, “The idea that travel could restore you-to learn things and experience new things and also physically and mentally get the rest you need to power your trip and to allow you to return home rested-is really exciting.” A good night’s sleep is something that eludes many people, according to the survey. More than one in three Americans lack enough sleep, not getting the minimum of seven hours of sleep that is recommended by the Center for Disease Control. Poor sleep can cause a host of physical and mental health issues. It’s no wonder that people want to destress and catch some ZZs while on vacation. Hotel guests are increasingly valuing sleeping when they’re traveling and getting a good night’s rest on the road. While many hotels have provided sleep-aid items like masks, light blocking shades and comfortable pillows, sleep tourism is taking it many steps further. Several hotels in the Hilton chain now offer “power down” services including temperature-adjusting mattresses (床垫) and soft light settings. Travelers engaging in sleep tourism are taking that extra step and seeking out unique experiences and environments that help them achieve their sleep and relaxation goals. Maybe a sleep vacation is just what doctors have ordered, especially if travelers use the sleep techniques they have learned when they return home. 56．What does the author think of the European trips mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．Memorable. B．Rushed. C．Costly. D．Refreshing. 57．Which of the following may Rebecca agree with? A．Resting in a hotel for several days. B．Using the sleep aids in a busy tour. C．Having a slow-paced tour in a place. D．Making new adventures in the wild. 58．What does the underlined word “eludes” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Annoys. B．Escapes. C．Confuses. D．Hits. 59．Why is Hilton mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To evidence a point. B．To advertise a hotel. C．To raise a suggestion. D．To spread a strategy. 【答案】56．B 57．C 58．B 59．A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是现代旅行者越来越倾向于选择慢旅行和注重休息的旅游方式，以恢复身心，而不是以往那种紧凑忙碌的行程安排。 56．推理判断题。根据首段中关于欧洲旅行的广告词中的“10 Countries, 6 Days, Unforgettable Memories! (10个国家，6天，难忘的回忆！)”可知，6天可以在10个国家旅行，结合“Actually, the days of busy tours or hurried must-do vacations have given way to vacations where resting and recharging is the key.(实际上，忙碌旅游或匆忙假期的日子已经让位于以休息和充电为主的假期。)”可知，这些旅行是紧凑而忙碌的。故选B项。 57．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“A recent survey of 1,095 Americans, conducted by a team at Harvard’s Division of Sleep Medicine, found that over 94 percent of the participants want to participate in slow travel in the future and choose quiet and rest instead of adventure (哈佛大学睡眠医学部团队进行的一项针对1,095名美国人的调查显示，超过94%的参与者希望未来参与慢旅行，并选择安静与休息而非冒险。)”可知，研究发现，人们希望未来参与慢旅行，并选择安静与休息，结合Rebecca Robbins所说的“The idea that travel could restore you-to learn things and experience new things and also physically and mentally get the rest you need to power your trip and to allow you to return home rested-is really exciting.(旅行可以让你恢复活力——学习新事物、体验新东西，并在身体上和精神上得到你需要的休息来为你的旅程提供动力，使你回家时感到放松，这一想法真的令人兴奋。)”可知，这种慢节奏、恢复性的旅行方式有很多的好处，由此可知，她支持慢节奏、恢复性的旅行方式。故选C项。 58．词句猜测题。根据划线单词后的“More than one in three Americans lack enough sleep, not getting the minimum of seven hours of sleep that is recommended by the Center for Disease Control.(超过三分之一的美国人缺乏足够的睡眠，没有达到疾病控制中心推荐的至少七小时睡眠。)”可知，研究发现，超过三分之一的美国人缺乏足够的睡眠，也就是说许多人没有良好的睡眠，而划线单词所在句子也是研究发现的内容，由此可知，好的睡眠是很多人难以获得的事情，所以划线单词的意思与“难以获得”意义相近。故选B项。 59．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“While many hotels have provided sleep-aid items like masks, light blocking shades and comfortable pillows, sleep tourism is taking it many steps further.(虽然许多酒店提供了如眼罩、遮光窗帘和舒适枕头等助眠物品，但睡眠旅游正在将此推向更远。)”可知，此处介绍的是睡眠旅游这一趋势下酒店业做出了很多的调整，进而在下文中列举了希尔顿酒店的例子来展示一些酒店如何通过提供有助于睡眠的服务和设施来响应旅客对更好休息的需求，由此可知，希尔顿在第四段中被提及是为了提供一个实例来支持文中关于睡眠旅游趋势的观点。故选A项。 Ⅱ阅读理解七选五 Passage 1 （2025年高二上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）I had a book in my hand and a student asked me what I was reading. When I told him it was a history book, he said, “I don’t like history. It’s so boring.” I wasn’t surprised by his opinion. 1 I, on the other hand, have never found history to be a drag because it’s full of engaging stories and valuable life lessons. 2 And who wouldn’t benefit from the mistakes of the overly strict Ming Dynasty? The Spanish-American philosopher George Santayana was correct when he said, “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” 3 First of all, it gives us a sense of identity. Your ancestors stretch back for thousands of years in an unbroken line. They shared the same sun and moon as you, experienced the same seasons, and felt the same emotions. Each generation became a building block for the next, creating the society where you live today. Another reason to study history is to help develop your critical thinking. Critical thinking involves analyzing information from different sources in order to make informed decisions. There is nothing really new under the sun. 4 Analyzing these diverse solutions may help you make wise decisions to deal with your own challenges. The study of history isn’t just about exploring significant events, powerful figures, and memorizing important dates. It’s also about the capturing lives of ordinary people. Sima Qian, known as the “father of Chinese history,” devoted much of the 130 chapters of his Records of the Grand Historian to talking about the lives of poets and merchants, and even magicians and outlaws (刺客). 5 The same is true today. Each of you adds to the richness of society, while also linking yourself to the past and to the people Sima Qian wrote about. When you study the past, you’re ultimately discovering more about yourself. A．Apart from being “not boring”, there are several significant reasons to dig into history. B．History only focuses on the achievements of famous kings and queens, ignoring the contributions of ordinary individuals. C．Who could find the strategic battles of the Warring States Period or the elegance (风雅) of the Song Dynasty boring? D．He was interested in the everyday lives of common people and how each individual contributed to the richness of society. E．For many young students, history is about long-gone figures — those who lived long ago, had strange haircuts, and wore funny, outdated clothes. F．The problems you face have been encountered many times before, and different ways have been employed to solve them. G．Does history serve as a mirror for humanity, reflecting our past to guide our future? 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．A 4．F 5．D 【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了为什么学习历史是重要的。 1．前文“When I told him it was a history book, he said, “I don’t like history. It’s so boring.” I wasn’t surprised by his opinion.(当我告诉他这是一本历史书时，他说：“我不喜欢历史。太无聊了。”我对他的观点并不感到惊讶)”可知，空处应该解释作者为什么对学生对历史不敢兴趣的原因，E选项“对许多年轻学生来说，历史是关于早已逝去的人物——那些生活在很久以前的人，他们留着奇怪的发型，穿着可笑的过时衣服”符合语境。故选E。 2．前文“I, on the other hand, have never found history to be a drag because it’s full of engaging stories and valuable life lessons.(另一方面，我从不觉得历史是个累赘，因为它充满了引人入胜的故事和宝贵的人生经验)”表明作者对认为历史是有趣的，后文“And who wouldn’t benefit from the mistakes of the overly strict Ming Dynasty?(谁不会从过于严格的明朝的错误中受益呢)”用特殊疑问句来强调历史的用处，C选项“谁会觉得战国时期的战略战争或宋朝的优雅乏味呢”用战国和宋朝举例，同样强调历史的有趣，与后文用明朝举例为并列关系。故选C。 3．根据后文“First of all, it gives us a sense of identity.(首先，它给了我们一种认同感)”及下文“Another reason to study history is to help develop your critical thinking.(学习历史的另一个原因是有助于培养你的批判性思维)”可知，空处引出下文，说明要学习历史的原因，A选项“除了“不无聊”之外，还有几个重要的原因值得深入研究历史”承上启下。故选A。 4．前文“There is nothing really new under the sun.(天下无新事)”表明历史与现在的联系，即现在发生的事情有可能历史上发生过，后文“Analyzing these diverse solutions may help you make wise decisions to deal with your own challenges.(分析这些不同的解决方案可以帮助你做出明智的决定来应对你自己的挑战)”表示应分析历史上的解决方案，F选项“你所面临的问题以前已经遇到过很多次了，并且已经采用了不同的方法来解决它们”为对前一句的深入解释，且其中的solve与后文中的these diverse solutions呼应。故选F。 5．前文“Sima Qian, known as the “father of Chinese history,” devoted much of the 130 chapters of his Records of the Grand Historian to talking about the lives of poets and merchants, and even magicians and outlaws(刺客). (被称为“中国历史之父”的司马迁，在《史记》的130章中，用了大量篇幅讲述诗人、商人、甚至魔术师和不法之徒的生活)”表示司马迁在《史记》中的描述的普通人的生活内容，D选项“他感兴趣的是普通人的日常生活，以及每个人如何为社会的丰富做出贡献”中He指代的是司马迁，该句讲述了司马迁的描述源自普通人的生活，符合语境。故选D。 Passage 2 （2025年高二上·安徽·阶段练习）Valleys are one of the most common landforms on the Earth. They are formed through erosion (侵蚀) or the gradual wearing down of the land by wind and water. Their form depends on what is eroding it, the slope (坡度) of the land, the type of rock or soil and the amount of time the land has been eroded. There are three common types of valleys: V-shaped valleys, U-shaped valleys and flat floored valleys. 6    A V-shaped valley, sometimes called a river valley, is a narrow valley with steeply (陡峭地) sloped sides that appear similar to the letter “V”. They are formed by strong streams, which over time have cut down into the rock. These valleys form with streams in their “youthful” stage. 7 An example of a V-shaped valley is the Grand Canyon in the Southwestern United States. A U-shaped valley is a valley with a profile (轮廓) similar to the letter “U”. 8 They are formed by glacial (冰川的) erosion during the last glaciation. This is because ice sheets flowed down the pre-existing river or V-shaped valleys and caused the bottom of the “V” to level out into a “U” shape, resulting in a wider, deeper valley. The third type of the valley is called a flat-floored valley. These valleys, like V-shaped valleys, are formed by streams. 9 Over time, the stream continues to erode the valley’s soil, widening it further. With flood, the material that is eroded and carried in the stream is deposited which builds up the floodplain and the valley. During this process, the shape of the valley changes from a V or U shaped valley into one with a broad flat valley floor. 10 They are close to rivers which enable easier movement and also provide resources like water, good soils and food such as fish. The valleys themselves were also helpful as valley walls often blocked winds and other severe weather if the settlement patterns were positioned correctly. Valleys also provided a safe place for settlement and made invasions difficult. A．A valley is normally occupied by a river or stream. B．During this period, streams flow rapidly down steep slopes. C．The river begins to erode the bank of its channel instead of valley walls. D．The shape of valleys varies but they are typically steep-sided canyons or broad plains. E．This type of valley is characterized by steep sides that curve in at the base of the valley wall. F．The difference is that they are no longer in their youthful stage, and are instead in a mature stage. G．Valleys have played an important role in people’s life since the beginning of human development. 【答案】6．D 7．B 8．E 9．F 10．G 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了山谷的形成机制，包括V形、U形和平坦底谷三种类型的特点及成因，并阐述了山谷对人类生活的重要性。 6．由上文“Their form depends on what is eroding it, the slope (坡度) of the land, the type of rock or soil and the amount of time the land has been eroded. There are three common types of valleys: V-shaped valleys, U-shaped valleys and flat floored valleys. (它们的形态取决于侵蚀它的物质、土地的坡度、岩石或土壤的类型以及土地被侵蚀的时间。有三种常见的山谷类型：V型山谷，U型山谷和平底山谷。)”及下文“A V-shaped valley, sometimes called a river valley, is a narrow valley with steeply (陡峭地) sloped sides that appear similar to the letter “V”. (V形山谷，有时也被称为河谷，是一个狭窄的山谷，侧面陡峭，看起来像字母“V”。)”山谷类型的介绍可知，这里需要一个句子来概括山谷形态的多样性，为下面的具体类型做铺垫。D选项“The shape of valleys varies but they are typically steep-sided canyons or broad plains. (山谷的形状各不相同，但它们通常是陡峭的峡谷或宽阔的平原。)”可知，是对山谷形态的概述，能承上启下，符合题意。故选D。 7．由上文“A V-shaped valley, sometimes called a river valley, is a narrow valley with steeply (陡峭地) sloped sides that appear similar to the letter “V”. They are formed by strong streams, which over time have cut down into the rock. These valleys form with streams in their “youthful” stage. (V形山谷，有时也被称为河谷，是一个狭窄的山谷，侧面陡峭，看起来像字母“V”。它们是由强流形成，随着时间推移，这些水流切割入岩石。这些山谷是在河流的‘年轻’阶段形成的。)”可知，上文描述了V型山谷的形成过程，并指出这是在溪流“年轻”阶段形成的。本空应进一步描述这一阶段的特点。B选项“During this period, streams flow rapidly down steep slopes. (在这个时期，水流迅速沿着陡峭的斜坡流动。)”说明了在这一阶段内，水流快速地流过陡峭的斜坡，这有助于形成V形谷，能承接上文，符合语境。故选B。 8．由上文“A U-shaped valley is a valley with a profile (轮廓) similar to the letter “U”. (U形山谷是一种轮廓类似于字母“U”的山谷。)”及下文“They are formed by glacial (冰川的) erosion during the last glaciation. (它们是由最后一次冰河期的冰川侵蚀形成的。)”可知，上文描述了U型山谷的形状，这里需要进一步描述U形谷的特点。E选项“This type of valley is characterized by steep sides that curve in at the base of the valley wall. (这种类型的山谷以陡峭的侧壁为特征，侧壁在谷底弯曲。)”准确描述了U形谷的特征，即陡峭的侧壁在谷底弯曲，能承接上文，符合语境。故选E。 9．由上文“The third type of the valley is called a flat-floored valley. These valleys, like V-shaped valleys, are formed by streams. (第三种类型的山谷称为平底山谷。这些山谷，像V形山谷一样，是由溪流形成的。)”及下文“Over time, the stream continues to erode the valley’s soil, widening it further. With flood, the material that is eroded and carried in the stream is deposited which builds up the floodplain and the valley. During this process, the shape of the valley changes from a V or U shaped valley into one with a broad flat valley floor. (随着时间的推移，溪流继续侵蚀山谷的土壤，使其变得更宽。洪水时，被侵蚀并携带在溪流中的物质沉积下来，形成了泛滥平原和山谷。在这个过程中，山谷的形状从V形或U形变成了具有宽广平坦谷底的山谷。)”可知，上文描述了平底山谷的形成原因，与V型山谷相似，都是由溪流形成的。本空应描述平底山谷与V型山谷在形成阶段上的差异。F选项“The difference is that they are no longer in their youthful stage, and are instead in a mature stage. (区别在于这些山谷已经不再处于‘年轻’阶段，而是进入了‘成熟’阶段。)”指出了这些山谷已经进入了“成熟”阶段，能承上启下，符合题意。故选F。 10．由下文“They are close to rivers which enable easier movement and also provide resources like water, good soils and food such as fish. The valleys themselves were also helpful as valley walls often blocked winds and other severe weather if the settlement patterns were positioned correctly. Valleys also provided a safe place for settlement and made invasions difficult. (他们靠近河流，便于迁徙，还提供了水、良好的土壤和鱼类等资源。如果定居模式定位正确，山谷本身也有帮助，因为山谷壁经常阻挡风和其他恶劣天气。山谷也为定居提供了一个安全的地方，使入侵变得困难。)”可知，，上文描述了山谷对人类生活的影响，本空应强调山谷和人类的关系。G选项“Valleys have played an important role in people’s life since the beginning of human development. (自人类发展之初，山谷就在人们的生活中扮演了重要角色。)”概括了山谷自人类发展初期就扮演的重要角色，能引起下文，符合题意。故选G。 Passage 3 The game of baseball has long been woven into the fabric of American life. It is no surprise then that the baseball glove is associated with fond memories. 11 It is also an example of a product that has been perfected over time. Originally, baseball was played without gloves because the balls were home-made and soft. Made from string covered with leather or cotton sacks stuffed with rags, the balls were easier on the hand. The late 19th century saw baseballs made by machine and standardized across the United States to be tighter and harder, and they were capable of hurting a catcher’s hands. 12 Baseball gloves were initially just leather work gloves adapted to suit the player’s needs. 13 However, the simple padded work gloves could not prevent knuckles (指关节) from bursting, fingers from splitting and bones from breaking. The solution? More padding was added to the glove. 14 This design changed little until the late1930s, when an extra flap web that looked like a fishing net was added between the thumb and the fingers. This made it possible for first basemen to catch thrown balls more easily, revolutionizing the function of the glove. During the first half of the 20th century, fielders’ gloves evolved steadily to improve their catch. Field glove designs were adapted with longer fingers, deeper pockets and larger webs between the thumb and the fingers. New designs also added lace between the fingers, making it easier for players to catch the ball. Even more significantly, a new glove design was introduced in 1957, with a special feature in the heel of the glove’s palm, which allowed the glove to completely fold around the ball. 15 This characteristic has become the standard for glove design to this day. Catchers’ and first basemen’s gloves also adopted this style. From fingerless work gloves to flashy gloves designed for each position, the evolution of the baseball glove since the early days of professional baseball is as fascinating as the game itself. Due to technological advances, we may look forward to even newer designs for baseball gloves. A．Behind every glove is a great glove story. B．If a glove is well cared for, it can last decades. C．This led to gloves being designed to soften the catch. D．However, the baseball glove is more than an item of emotional value. E．Thanks to this new design, fielders could easily snatch (一下夺过) the ball with only one hand. F．Early first baseball glove designs were specialized from the padded fielders’ glove to an open glove design. G．For example, catchers’ gloves were work gloves without fingers to allow the player to better handle the ball. 【答案】11．D 12．C 13．G 14．F 15．E 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。讲述了棒球手套的演变是一个通过创新不断改进的过程。 11．根据前文“The game of baseball has long been woven into the fabric of American life. It is no surprise then that the baseball glove is associated with fond memories.(棒球运动早已融入美国人的生活。因此，棒球手套与美好的回忆联系在一起也就不足为奇了)”以及后文“It is also an example of a product that has been perfected over time.(它也是一个随着时间不断完善的产品的例子)”可知，空处应是过渡句，所以D项“However, the baseball glove is more than an item of emotional value.(然而，棒球手套不仅仅是一件具有情感价值的物品)”和前文构成转折关系，引出下文，符合文意。故选D项。 12．根据前文“The late 19th century saw baseballs made by machine and standardized across the United States to be tighter and harder, and they were capable of hurting a catcher’s hands.(19世纪后期，棒球由机器制造，并在美国标准化，变得更紧、更硬，而且能伤到接球手的手)”可推知，针对棒球会伤到接球手的手这一问题，结合全文讲棒球手套的演变，可知该空内容与人们设计出一种手套以减轻接球时的疼痛有关，C项“This led to gloves being designed to soften the catch.(这导致了手套的设计，以软化捕获)”是前句产生的结果，符合文意。故选C项。 13．根据第二段尾句“Baseball gloves were initially just leather work gloves adapted to suit the player’s needs.(棒球手套最初只是皮革工作手套，以适应球员的需要)”以及后文“However, the simple padded work gloves could not prevent knuckles (指关节) from bursting, fingers from splitting and bones from breaking. The solution? More padding was added to the glove.(然而，简单的填充工作手套并不能防止指关节破裂，手指裂开，骨头断裂。解决方案?更多的填充物被添加到手套中)”可知，此处在讲述刚开始的棒球手套的缺点，所以G项“For example, catchers’ gloves were work gloves without fingers to allow the player to better handle the ball.(例如，接球手的手套是没有手指的工作手套，以便球员更好地处理球)”是在举例说明早期手套的样子，承接上文，和后文构成转折关系，符合文意。故选G项。 14．根据后文“This design changed little until the late 1930s, when an extra flap web that looked like a fishing net was added between the thumb and the fingers. This made it possible for first basemen to catch thrown balls more easily, revolutionizing the function of the glove.(这种设计直到20世纪30年代末才发生了变化，当时在拇指和手指之间增加了一个看起来像渔网的额外襟翼。这使得一垒手能够更容易地接住投掷的球，彻底改变了手套的功能)”可知，空处应是提到了一种使用了较久的手套设计，手套设计与有“额外襟翼”便于接球相关，所以F项“Early first baseball glove designs were specialized from the padded fielders’ glove to an open glove design.(早期的棒球手套设计从加垫的守备球员手套发展到了开放式手套设计)”符合文意。故选F项。 15．根据前文“Field glove designs were adapted with longer fingers, deeper pockets and larger webs between the thumb and the fingers. New designs also added lace between the fingers, making it easier for players to catch the ball. Even more significantly, a new glove design was introduced in 1957, with a special feature in the heel of the glove’s palm, which allowed the glove to completely fold around the ball.(Field glove的设计适应了更长的手指，更深的口袋和更大的拇指和手指之间的网。新的设计还增加了手指之间的花边，使球员更容易接球。更重要的是，1957年推出了一种新的手套设计，在手套手掌的后跟处有一个特殊的设计，可以让手套完全折叠在球周围)”以及后文“This characteristic has become the standard for glove design to this day.(这一特点至今已成为手套设计的标准)”可知，此处讲述新型手套的设计和优点，让它成为手套设计的标准，所以E项“Thanks to this new design, fielders could easily snatch (一下夺过) the ball with only one hand.(由于这种新的设计，外野手可以很容易地用一只手抓住球)”是对这种设计优点的解释，符合文意。故选E项。 Passage 4 （2025年高二上·重庆·期中）Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never fun. 16 The answer is clear. History is essential in human civilization. Learning history helps you learn its significance. History grounds us in our roots. History is an interesting field of study, and learning the history of our homeland can offer a deeper glimpse into our pasts. 17 Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is about studying your roots and being open-minded to the today’s evolution. 18 Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago. Experts argue that problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life. History makes us more empathetic (共情的). Studying history can give us insight into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance. 19 History can break down those boundaries. History can inspire us to learn more. What’s fantastic about history is the way it broadens horizons. It’s impossible to learn about one historical period without knowing related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you’ll be amazed by Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist. 20 Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from his novels, and discover the history of England. A．History enriches our experience. B．History helps us know ancestors. C．We’re scared of the things that we don’t understand. D．And it also leads to how we got to where we are today. E．If you’re studying history, ask yourself “why is history important”. F．This book is so attractive that it enjoys popularity in the past and present. G．Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. 【答案】16．E 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．G 【语篇解读】本文是篇议论文。文章主要分析和阐述了学习历史的重要性。 16．根据上句“Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never fun. (学习一门你觉得毫无意义的学科从来都不是有趣的。)”，选项E. If you’re studying history, ask yourself “why is history important”. (如果你正在学习历史，问问自己“为什么历史很重要”。)的“history”与上句的“subject”相对应，具体提出了学习历史这门学科，承接上文；下句“The answer is clear. History is essential in human civilization. (答案很清楚。人类文明离不开历史。)”对选项E提出的问题给出了回答，语意衔接合理。故选E。 17．根据上句“History is an interesting field of study, and learning the history of our homeland can offer a deeper glimpse into our pasts. (历史是一个有趣的研究领域，学习我们祖国的历史可以让我们更深入地了解我们的过去。)”，选项D. And it also leads to how we got to where we are today. (它也让我们了解我们是如何走到今天的。)与其之间为并列关系，句中“it”指代上句中的“learning the history of our homeland”，且句中的“today”和上句中的“pasts”相对应，表明学习祖国的历史不仅可以让我们了解过去，也能让我们了解如何到达现在的。故选D。 18．本题为第三段主题句。根据该段“Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago. (阅读历史是一种奇妙的经历，因为它使我们能够反思很久以前人们的社会和经济生活。)”和“With the information about the ancestors,one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life. (有了关于祖先的信息，一个人可以在处理生活挑战方面变得更有经验。)”，选项A. History enriches our experience. (历史丰富了我们的经验。)概括了该段内容，符合段落主题。故选A。 19．根据上句“Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance. (对别人的恐惧和憎恨通常是由无知引起的。)”，选项C. We’re scared of the things that we don’t understand. (我们害怕我们不了解的东西。)进一步解释了恐惧是由无知引起的，承接上文；下句“History can break down those boundaries. (历史可以打破这些界限。)”中的“those boundaries”指的是选项C中所说的不了解的东西，语意衔接合理。故选C。 20．根据上句“Study the 19th century England, and you’ll be amazed by Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist. (研究19世纪的英国，你会对查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》感到惊讶。)”，选项G. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. (查一下查尔斯·狄更斯，你可能会对现实主义有所了解。)继续提到了查尔斯·狄更斯，指出研究历史会让我们对狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》感到惊讶，从而激发我们去更多地了解狄更斯的信息，就会学到关于现实主义的知识；选项G与下句“Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from his novels, and discover the history of England. (或者你最终会把注意力从他的小说上移开，去发现英国的历史。)”句意之间形成选择关系，提出了惊讶之余的另一种可能的做法，是去研究发现英国历史，符合最后一段主题“History can inspire us to learn more. (历史可以激励我们学习更多。)”。故选G。 Passage 5 What do you do with old stuff? That top you bought for a party three years ago, for example. You wore it once and it’s been hanging in your wardrobe (衣柜) ever since. You could throw it away, but that seems wasteful — after all it’s still perfectly usable. So, what to do? 21 The first charity shops appeared in Britain in the 19th Century. The Salvation Army, a UK charity, was one of the first to run a second-hand clothing shop to provide the poor and needy with affordable clothes. 22 It also raised money for the war effort during World War II. These days, charity shops are a common sight with around 11,200 shops across the UK, according to the Charity Retail Association. During business hours any member of the public can donate their unwanted items to a charity shop. 23 These items are checked and if found still serviceable, priced up to be sold at a heavily discounted price. For many, this is a win-win situation. 24 To the consumer, it provides the opportunity to buy, often extremely cheaply, items and clothes. To the donator, it may help to ease consumer guilt. “You can make a pretty good case, because what you are doing is going towards a charitable cause and you are saving stuff from landfill,” Clare Press. fashion journalist and sustainable style advocate, tells the newspaper. 25 On more than one occasion a buyer has purchased something very cheaply, only to later discover its true value. So next time you need to rid yourself of something, spare a thought for the charity shop — after all, charity begins at home! A．Here are some tips that you can follow. B．In the UK, we might take it to a charity shop. C．You’re recommended to donate new items. D．To the charity, it means they can pursue their charitable aim. E．This was followed by charities such as the British Red Cross. F．There are sometimes hidden treasures for the buyers, too. G．Most charity shops will take anything. 【答案】21．B 22．E 23．G 24．D 25．F 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的慈善商店的历史、发展以及其好处。 21．上文“That top you bought for a party three years ago, for example. You wore it once and it’s been hanging in your wardrobe (衣柜) ever since. You could throw it away, but that seems wasteful — after all it’s still perfectly usable. So, what to do?(比如你三年前在派对上买的那件上衣，你穿过一次，从那以后就一直挂在你的衣柜里。你可以把它扔掉，但这看起来很浪费——毕竟它仍然是完全可用的。那么，该怎么办？)”提出疑问——如何处理不穿的旧衣服，空处应该对此进行回答，B项“在英国，我们可以把它带到慈善商店。”承上启下，符合语境，下文“The first charity shops appeared in Britain in the 19th Century.(第一家慈善商店出现在19世纪的英国)”介绍了慈善商店，故选B。 22．上文“The first charity shops appeared in Britain in the 19th Century. The Salvation Army, a UK charity, was one of the first to run a second-hand clothing shop to provide the poor and needy with affordable clothes.(第一家慈善商店出现在19世纪的英国。英国慈善机构救世军是最早经营二手服装店的公司之一，为穷人和有需要的人提供价格合理的服装)”介绍了慈善机构，第一家慈善商店和最早经营二手服装店的公司——英国慈善机构救世军，空处承接上文，继续介绍其他的慈善机构，E项“紧随其后的是英国红十字会等慈善机构。”符合语境，下文“It also raised money for the war effort during World War Two.(它还为二战期间的战争筹集资金)”介绍了红十字会的作用，故选E。 23．根据上文“During business hours any member of the public can donate their unwanted items to a charity shop.(在营业时间内，任何市民都可以将不需要的物品捐赠给慈善商店)”可知，任何市民都可以将不需要的物品捐赠给慈善商店，这说明慈善商店收的东西范围比较广，G项“大多数慈善商店什么都收。”承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 24．上文“For many, this is a win-win situation.(对许多人来说，这是一个双赢的局面)”指出这是一个双赢的局面，下文“To the consumer, it provides the opportunity to buy, often extremely cheaply, items and clothes. To the donator, it may help to ease consumer guilt. “You can make a pretty good case, because what you are doing is going towards a charitable cause and you are saving stuff from landfill,” Clare Press. fashion journalist and sustainable style advocate, tells the newspaper.(对于消费者来说，它提供了购买物品和衣服的机会，而且往往非常便宜。对捐赠者来说，这可能有助于减轻消费者的负罪感,“你可以做一个很好的事情，因为你正在做的是一个慈善事业，你正在从垃圾填埋场保存东西，”克莱尔出版社，时尚记者和可持续时尚倡导者，告诉新闻报纸)”从消费者和捐赠者的角度来说慈善商店的好处，空处应从慈善机构的角度来说其好处，D项“对慈善机构来说，这意味着他们可以追求自己的慈善目标。”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 25．下文“On more than one occasion a buyer has purchased something very cheaply, only to later discover its true value. So next time you need to rid yourself of something, spare a thought for the charity shop-after all, charity begins at home! (不止一次，买家买了很便宜的东西，后来才发现它的真正价值。所以，下次你需要摆脱什么东西的时候，想想慈善商店吧——毕竟，慈善是从家里开始的！)”举例子说明买家有可能买到的二手东西很值钱，F项“有时候买家也会买到隐藏的珍宝。”衔接下文，符合语境。故选F。 ( 40 / 44 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$