内容正文:
专 题 05 代词、冠词和介词
二轮复习讲练测
英
语
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考情透视·目标导航
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知识导图·思维引航
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题型特训·命题预测
目录
CONTENTS
核心精讲·题型突破
第一部分 代词
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01 考情透视·目标导航
考情分析 考点分布 人称代词:考主格与宾格用法区别,如主格作主语、宾格作宾语,以及在比较级等语境中的使用。物主代词:考查形容词性和名词性物主代词辨析,前者后接名词,后者可单独用。反身代词:考其表示动作反射自身的用法,以及在“enjoy oneself”等固定短语中的搭配。不定代词:是重难点,考查both、neither等词用法区分,与形容词位置关系,some与any、few与little等用法区别。指示代词:考查this、that等基本用法,以及在打电话等特殊语境的运用。
题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、阅读理解等题型中。
考法与比重 考法:一是直接考语法规则,二是结合语境考查。比重:约占中考英语总分的5%-10%,不同地区有差异,在各类题型中均有涉及。
命题规律 语境化 注重在真实语言情境考查运用,考查语言实际运用和阅读理解能力。
综合化 与其他语法、词汇知识结合,如和动词时态、句型结构一起考。
高频化 常用代词如人称、物主、不定代词是高频考点。
生活化 考查内容贴近学生生活,阅读理解常涉学校、家庭等生活场景。
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02 知识导图·思维引航
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03 核心精讲·题型突破
考查物主代词和反身代词
考点一 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词
(2024·天津·中考真题)When ________ parents went away on business, I looked after ________.A.my; myself B.my; mine C.me; myself D.me; mine
句意:我父母出差时,我自己照顾自己。考查代词辨析。my我的,形容词性物主代词;myself我自己,反身代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;me我,宾格。第一处作定语修饰parents,用形容词性物主代词;第二处主语和宾语是同一人,所以是“照顾自己”,用反身代词。故选A。
enjoy oneself ;hurt oneself ;teach oneself = learn…by oneslf; all by oneself ; help oneself to … ; look after oneself ; leave sb by oneself ; lose oneself in ; say to oneself ; for oneself ; dress oneself ; improve oneself; see oneself in the mirror。
03 核心精讲·题型突破
人称代词、物主代词与反身代词一览表
类别人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
03 核心精讲·题型突破
1.人称代词的用法
类别 位置 作用 例句
主格 句首, 用在动词前 作主语 I like English very much.
宾格 用在谓语动词或介词后,表示动作或行为的对象 作宾语 The boy asked him for help.(动词之后)Can you look after her while I'm away?(介词之后)
宾格 用在系动词之后 作表语 —Who's the boy in the photo?—It's me.(系动词之后)
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2.物主代词的用法
类别 作用 例句
形容词性物主代词 作定语 Our classroom is very bright.
名词性物主代词 作主语 His bike is new, but mine is old.
作宾语 I can't find my pen. Could I use yours?
作表语 This computer is hers.
与of连用,作定语 The red hat of hers is beautiful.
03 核心精讲·题型突破
【注意】(1)形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。如:This is my bag.=This bag is mine.(2)当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不可以再用a, an, the, this, that等词来修饰。如:my book,前面不可以再加a。(3)形容词性物主代词可与own连用来表示强调,意为“某人自己的”。如:This is her own car.
【拓展】形容词性物主代词的常见固定搭配on one's own独自lose one's life丧生lose one's way迷路change one's mind改变主意make up one's mind下定决心take one's time不着急,慢慢来with one's help在某人的帮助下do/try one's best尽某人最大的努力to one's surprise令某人感到惊讶的是
03 核心精讲·题型突破
3.反身代词的用法
位置 作用 例句
动词或介词之后 作宾语 I hope you enjoy yourselves at the party.(动词之后)Jack, you need to finish your homework by yourself.(介词之后)
系动词之后 作表语 I am not quite myself today.
名词或代词之后或句末 作同位语 The boy made the model plane himself.
【拓展】反身代词的相关短语lose oneself 迷失自我enjoy oneself 玩得愉快talk to oneself 自言自语keep sth. to oneself 保密dress oneself 自己穿衣服
by oneself 单独地,独自地come to oneself 恢复;苏醒help oneself (to) 自用(食物等)teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学look after/take care of oneself 照顾自己
(2024·江苏连云港·一模)The games of the coming Paris Olympics are similar to ________ of 2008 Beijing Olympic games.A.that B.those C.this D.one
考查指示代词的用法
03 核心精讲·题型突破
考点二 指示代词
句意:即将在巴黎奥运会上的比赛项目和2008年北京奥运会的项目相似。考查指示代词的用法。that那个,指代单数;those那些,指代复数;this这个,指代单数;one一个,指代单数。根据“The games of the coming Paris Olympics are similar to...of 2008 Beijing Olympic games.”可知,此处指代的“games”是复数,因此用“those”,故选B。
指示代词四兄弟,this、that、these、those要牢记;
this、that指单数,these、those表复数含义清;
this、these离我近,说话所指很明确;
that、those离我远,远处事物它们管;
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1.it, one, this/these与that/those
代词 用法 例句
it 特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物(同类同物) He looked for his watch everywhere, but he couldn't find it.
当说话人对所涉及的人的身份、姓名不清楚或看(听)不出来时,常用it指代 Look at the baby!Isn't it lovely?
距离、时间或天气 It's getting colder and colder.
one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个,同类而不同物(同类异物) The scarves are so beautiful. I want to buy one for my mother.
this/these ①常用来指代离自己较近的人或物,单数用this,复数用these;②指代下文要提到的人或物 Please remember this: No pains, no gains.
that/those ①指代离自己较远的人或物,单数用that,复数用those;②常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的名词,以避免重复 Those people in the car are his brothers and sisters.
03 核心精讲·题型突破
2.it的特殊用法(1)it作形式主语,常用于以下句型:①It's+adj. (+for/of sb.)+to do sth. 做某事(对某人
来说)是……的/(某人)做某事真……。如:It's very important for us to eat breakfast every day.②It's time to do/for/that… 是(做)……的时间了。如:It's time to get up.③It seems that… 好像/似乎……。如:It seems that the boy is very interested in Chinese painting.④It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。如:It's your turn to clean the classroom.
⑤It's+adj.+that从句 ……是……的。如:
It's impossible that we finish the work in two days.
⑥It takes/took (sb.)+一段时间+to do sth. 做某事花费(某人)多长时间。如:
It took him three hours to get to the train station.
(2)it作形式宾语,代替由动词不定式或从句等表示的真正宾语,常用在动词find, think, make, consider, feel等词后。如:I find it important to learn history.
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考点三 不定代词
(2024·江苏镇江·中考真题)Chemistry is as interesting as Physics. ________ of them help students explore the science world.A.Neither B.Both C.All D.None
考查疑问代词的用法
句意:化学和物理一样有趣。它们都帮助学生探索科学世界。考查代词辨析。Neither两者都不;Both两者都;All三者或三者以上都;None三者或三者以上都不。根据“Chemistry is as interesting as Physics”可知,这里指的化学和物理两者都可以帮助学生探索科学世界,故选B。
口诀:
some, any, no, every开头记,
few, little表否定意义细;
other, another两词易混淆,
one, the other特指要分清;
none, neither, nor都表无,
either, too, also意义殊;
much, many修饰不可数,可数;
all, both表示全都无遗漏。
03 核心精讲·题型突破
考向1 普通不定代词
1.both, either, neither, all与none
代词 用法辨析
both 表示“两者都”,常见搭配both… and…, 表示“……和……都”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
either 表示“两者中的任意一个”, either… or… 表示“或者……或者……”,作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则
neither 表示“两者都不”, neither… nor… 表示“既不……也不……”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则
all 表示“三者或三者以上都”,常与of连用
none 表示“三者或三者以上都不”,常与of连用
【注意】“either/neither+of+名词复数/代词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式均可。
03 核心精讲·题型突破
2.none与no one
代词 用法辨析
none 指代人或物 可与of连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式均可
no one 常指代人 不与of连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
3.some与any
相同点 均可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词,表示“一些”,即不确定的数量、数目
不同点 some 一般用于肯定句中,也可用于表示建议或请求的疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答
any 多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,用于肯定句时表示“任何(一个、一些)”
03 核心精讲·题型突破
4.each与every
相同点 “each/every+名词”作定语时,谓语动词要用单数形式
不同点 each用作形容词、代词,可单独使用 every仅作定语,不可单独使用
each强调个体 every强调整体
each指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个” every指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”
each后可加of短语 every后不可加of短语
5.many与much
相同点 均表示“很多,许多”,可在句中作主语、宾语、定语,可以与so, too, as, how等连用
不同点 many 指代或修饰可数名词复数
much 指代或修饰不可数名词
03 核心精讲·题型突破
6.a little, little, a few与few
表否定(几乎没有) 表肯定(有一点/几个)
修饰可数名词 few a few
修饰不可数名词 little a little
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考向2 复合不定代词
1.初中常见的复合不定代词
some-(肯定) any-(否定/肯定) every-(肯定) no-(否定)
-one(指人) someone某人 anyone任何人 everyone每人,人人 no one没有人
-body(指人) somebody某人 anybody任何人 everybody每人 nobody没有人
-thing(指物) something某事 anything任何事 everything每一件事 nothing没有东西
2.复合不定代词的用法
03 核心精讲·题型突破
用法 例句
由some-和any-构成的复合不定代词在肯/否定句中的用法与some和any在肯/否定句中的用法基本相同 We need someone to come up with new ideas.She wasn't anybody before she got that job.
形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时需后置 There is something interesting in the book.
复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 Somebody is talking in the empty house.
含复合不定代词的常用句型 There is something/nothing wrong with… ……出问题了/没有问题。 There is nothing wrong with the car.
…have/hassomething/nothing to do with… ……和……有关/无关 Her job has something to do with computers.
sb. can do nothing but… 某人什么都不能做,除了…… Be patient, anyway, you can do nothing but wait.
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考点四 疑问代词
(2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题)— ________ is this basketball?— Perhaps it’s our English teacher’s. He likes sports.A.Whose B.Where C.How D.Which
考查疑问代词的用法
句意:——这个篮球是谁的?——也许是我们英语老师的。他喜欢运动。考查特殊疑问句。whose谁的;where在哪里;how怎样;which哪一个。根据“our English teacher’s”可知,此处询问篮球是谁的,故选A。
口诀:
疑问代词用处广,特殊疑问句中藏;
what什么问事物,where哪里问地方;
when何时问时间,how怎样问状况;
who谁人问身份,whose谁的问所有;
which选择问哪个,why原因问端详。
03 核心精讲·题型突破
疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词,一般放在句首。
代词 用法 例句
who “谁(主格)”,用于询问人,在句中作主语、宾语或表语 Who told you the news?(作主语)
Who did you meet there?(作宾语)
Who is your teacher?(作表语)
whom “谁(宾格)”,用于询问人,在句中作宾语 Whom are you talking with?
whose “谁的”,用于询问所属关系,在句中作定语或表语 Whose book is this?(作定语)
Whose is the shirt?(作表语)
what “什么”,用于询问事件、东西、职业等,在句中作主语、表语或宾语 What is in your bag?(作主语)
What is this?(作表语)
What did you buy?(作宾语)
which “哪一个”,指在一定范围内的人或物,在句中作主语或宾语 Which is my seat?(作主语)
Which picture do you like best?(作宾语)
04 题型特训·命题预测
1.I bought ________ a pen as a gift, and she liked ________ very much.A.she; this B.her; it C.hers; that D.hers; one2.—I’ve lost my ruler and I can’t find ___________ anywhere. —I have many rulers in that box. Just take __________.A.it; it B.it; one C.one; it D.one; one3.The boy is from Tianjin, and ________ name is Li Hua.A.your B.their C.her D.his4.Books are ________ best friends. Reading books can provide ________ with rich knowledge.A.us; our B.us; ours C.ours; us D.our; us5.—Do you know David is ______ cousin?—Yes, and I am a friend of ______. Nice to meet you.A.mine; him B.my; his C.mine; his D.my; him
04 题型特训·命题预测
6.I saw several girls at the door, but ________ of them is my sister.A.either B.neither C.none D.both7.—Lucy, could you please teach ________ English?—Of course! But it’s more important to learn it by ________.A.my; yourself B.me; you C.my; you D.me; yourself8.The American student could speak only ________ Chinese, but he managed to communicate with us.A.few B.little C.a few D.a little9.—Why am I so unlucky today?—Everyone has one of those days when ________ goes right.A.nothing B.anything C.everything D.something10.—Is there ________ in today’s menu? —Yes. We have Beijing Roast Duck.A.special anything B.special nothingC.anything special D.nothing special
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考情透视·目标导航
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知识导图·思维引航
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题型特训·命题预测
目录
CONTENTS
核心精讲·题型突破
第二部分 冠词
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01 考情透视·目标导航
考情分析 考点分布 不定冠词(a/an):依单词首发音选,表数量、泛指,用于固定搭配。定冠词(the):用于特指、上文提及、独一无二事物、序数词等情况。零冠词:复数/不可数名词泛指、季节月份等名词、球类运动、非特指三餐前不用。
题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空等题型中。
考法与比重 考法:直接考规则或结合语境判断。比重:占总分3%-7% ,单项选择、完形填空、语法填空均有涉及。
命题规律 语境化 在真实情境,如故事场景中考查。
综合化 常与其他语法知识一同考查。
高频化 a/an、the基本用法为高频考点。
生活化 考查内容关联校园、家庭生活。
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02 知识导图·思维引航
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03 核心精讲·题型突破
考查不定冠词a/an的区别
考点一 不定冠词a/an
(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)—Shenzhou-18 with three astronauts was sent up on April 25th, 2024. It’s such ________ exciting event. —Yes. And the astronauts are our heroes. I want to be ________ useful person like them.A.a, an B.an, a C.a, the
句意:——神舟十八号搭载三名航天员于2024年4月25日发射升空。这是一个激动人心的事件。——是的。宇航员是我们的英雄。我想成为像他们一样有用的人。考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词,表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词,表泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词。第一空泛指一个激动人心的事件,exciting以元音音素发音开头,其前加an。第二空泛指一个有用的人,useful以辅音音素发音开头,其前加a。故选B。
不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前,an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。
口诀:不看字母看读音,不见原因(元音)别施恩(n)
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1.不定冠词基本用法
用法 示例
泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类 A car is a convenient mean of transportation.It seems to be an interesting book.
泛指人或物的身份或性质 A doctor can save people's lives.
用于第一次提到的人或事物 I went to the shop and bought a watch.
用于序数词之前,表示“再一,又一” After reading the story, he wants to read it a second time.
表示“每一”,相当于every He goes to the supermarket three times a week.
用在某些抽象名词或物质名词前,表示“一阵、一份、一场” a great joy a heavy rain a strong wind
03 核心精讲·题型突破
2.不定冠词的常见搭配
动词词组 give a hand 给予帮助 have a cold 感冒 have a good/great time 玩得愉快
have a picnic 去野餐 have a toothache 牙疼 have a try/look 试一试/看一看
keep a diary 记日记 make a living 谋生 pay a visit to 拜访 take a walk 散步
take a photo 拍照
介词词组 in a hurry 匆忙 in a moment立刻 as a result 结果in a word 总之
其他词组 a little/few 一点儿 a lot of许多 a number of许多,大量 a pair/piece/group/bottle of一双/张/组/瓶
3.不定冠词a和an的区别(1)a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如:He told me a very funny story.【注意】有一些词虽然是以辅音字母开头,但是以元音音素开头,要用an。如:an honest boy, an hour(2)an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。如:She is an excellent student.
03 核心精讲·题型突破
(3)下表是常见的以元音字母开头的单词用a/an的各种情况:
A a an apple an artist an Asian country an American girl
E e an exciting job a European country an egg an eight-year-old boy
an eleven-year-old boy
I i an idea an interesting story
O o an orange an old man an outgoing girl
U u a useful book a university student a UFO a usual story an unhappy girl
an umbrella an ugly man an unusual day
(4)26个英文字母中,前面用an的字母要牢记:a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
03 核心精讲·题型突破
考查定冠词的用法
考点二 定冠词the
(2023·上海·中考真题)We Chinese have the tradition of respecting ______ old.A.the B. C.an D.a
句意:我们中国人有尊老的传统。考查冠词。此处是指尊敬老人,应用the+形容词,表示“一类人”。the old“老人”,故选A。
特指双方熟悉,上文已经提及:
世上独一无二,方位名词乐器:
某些专有名词,外加复数姓氏:
序数词最高级,习惯用语要特记:
江山河海和峡湾,戴上定冠较安全:
03 核心精讲·题型突破
1.定冠词的基本用法
用法 示例
用在双方都知道的人或事物前 Give me the pen, please!
特指上文已提过的人或事物 My mother bought me a book.The book was interesting.
用在世界上独一无二的事物前 The earth moves around the sun.
用在序数词前和形容词最高级前 The second girl is the shortest, but she runs (the) fastest of all.(句中fast是副词)
用于形容词前,表示一类人或事物 The young should be polite to the old.
用于单数可数名词前,表示一类人或物 The shark is the most dangerous animal in the sea.
用于姓氏复数前,表示一家人或夫妇 TheWhites are going to have a picnic tomorrow.
用在表示方位的名词前 Xinjiang lies in the northwest of China.
用在乐器前 He plays the piano very well.
用在以普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall the Summer Palace
用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛等的名称前 The West Lake is very beautiful.
03 核心精讲·题型突破
2.定冠词的常见搭配
介词词组 in the end最后 in the past在过去by the way顺便说一下at the age of在……岁时at the same time同时at the moment此刻,现在 at the end/ beginning of 在……的末尾/在……开始时 the same as… 和……一样
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上
动词词组 go to the cinema去看电影go to the station去车站
其他词组 the number of ……的数量all the time一直
句型 What's the matter with you?你(们)怎么了?
03 核心精讲·题型突破
考查零冠词的用法
考点三 零冠词
(2023·江苏淮安·中考真题)I usually have ________ lunch with my classmates at school.A. B.a C.an D.the
句意:我通常在学校和同学们一起吃午饭。考查冠词。表示一日三餐前不加冠词,have lunch“吃午饭”。故选A。
三餐四季和星期,12个月份无假期:
专有称呼和职位,娱乐只有球和棋:
限定复数不可数,习惯用语要牢记:
名词之前不用冠,泛指复数和单数:
星期月份季节前,不用冠词记心间:
三餐饭前不出现,语言学科亦如此:
习语头衔亦无冠,颜色语种国名间:
03 核心精讲·题型突破
1.零冠词的基本用法
用法 示例
用于西方节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前 on Thanksgiving Day 感恩节 on Monday在星期一in May 在五月 in summer在夏天
用于一日三餐、球类运动、语言、学科、棋类游戏等名词前 have lunch 吃午饭 play football 踢足球 in English用英语 play chess 下国际象棋
复数名词泛指一类人或事物 Children like to make snowmen in winter.
用于与by连用的交通工具名词前 by car/bus/plane/subway/… 乘轿车/公交车/飞机/地铁/……
名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰 my brother 我的弟弟 that girl 那个女孩
用于某些专有名词(人名、地名、国名)、物质名词、抽象名词前 live in Hong Kong 住在香港
Courage is very valuable. 勇气是非常宝贵的。
【注意】我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前,要加定冠词the,如:the Spring Festival
03 核心精讲·题型突破
2.零冠词的常见搭配
介词词组 at home 在家 at work 在上班 at first 起初 at last 最后 at noon 在中午
at night 在晚上 at once 立刻 by mistake 错误地 by hand 手工 in danger 处于危险中 in time 及时 in fact 事实上 in need 需要 in order 井然有序
in space 在太空 in trouble 处于困境 in class 在上课 for example 例如
on time 按时 on foot 步行 on show 展览 on business 出差
动词词组 go to school/work 去上学/去上班 have fun 玩得开心 go to bed 上床睡觉learn by heart 背诵 lose heart 灰心
名词词组 day and night 日日夜夜 face to face 面对面 step by step逐步地
04 题型特训·命题预测
1.We can have ________ lunch in the dining hall and then have ________ break.A.the; a B./; a C./; the D.a; the2.Look, there’s ______ notice. It says, “Help! Protect ______ animals in danger.”A.a; an B.an; 不填 C.an; a D.a; the3.Stonehenge is _________ ancient circle of stones in _________ south of England.A.an; the B.an; 不填 C.a; the D.a; a4.Cambridge is on ________ River Cam and has ________ population of about 120, 000.A.the; a B.a; a C.the; the D.a; /5.Fangfang enjoys playing ________ piano and listening to ________ music as well.A./; the B./; / C.the; / D.the; the
04 题型特训·命题预测
6.—Hello! Is there ________ underground station near here?—Yes. Look! ________ station is on the left.A.a; The B.a; A C.an; The D.an; A7.I always have an egg and ________ glass of milk for ________ breakfast.A.a; a B.the; a C.the; 不填 D.a; 不填8.Scientists try to find out ________ best ways to protect animals in ________danger.A.the; a B.a; 不填 C.the; 不填 D.a; the9.Jack is good at playing ________ guitar, but Bill is good at playing ________ football.A.a; the B.the; / C.a; a D.the; the10.Take ________ umbrella with you. It’s ________ useful tool on rainy days.A.a; an B.an; a C.a; the D.an; an
01
考情透视·目标导航
02
知识导图·思维引航
03
04
题型特训·命题预测
目录
CONTENTS
核心精讲·题型突破
第三部分 介词
40
01 考情透视·目标导航
考情分析 考点分布 时间介词:in用于长时段,如年、月;on用于具体日期;at用于时间点。还有before、by等。 地点介词:in表大地方或内部,at表小地点,on表表面接触,还有above、under等。 方位介词:in指地区内,on表接壤,to表不接壤。方式介词:in用语言材料,with用具体工具,by用方法手段。固定搭配:像“listen to”“be late for”,是考查重点。
题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空等题型中。
考法与比重 考法:直接考规则,或结合语境判断。比重:分值占比约3% - 7% ,不同题型均有涉及。
命题规律 语境化 在真实情境考查,如旅游日记中考查地点介词。
综合化 常与其他语法结合,如和定语从句一起考。
高频化 时间、地点介词基本用法和固定搭配常考。
生活化 考查内容关联日常出行、地点描述。
41
02
02 知识导图·思维引航
42
03 核心精讲·题型突破
考查介词的用法
考点一 介词的基本用法
(2023·江苏淮安·一模)—Do you like rainy days?—Yes, I enjoy lying in bed and listening to the rain beating ________ the windows.A.through B.toward C.against D.among
句意:——你喜欢雨天吗?——是的,我喜欢躺在床上,倾听雨打窗户的声音。考查介词的用法。through通过;toward朝向;against紧靠,碰,撞;among在……中间。根据“the rain beating…the windows”可知雨水拍打着窗户要用against,故选C。
against有其它含义:1. 反对:2. 与……相对/相反:3. 以防/防备: 4. 以……为背景/衬托:相关词组:go against”(违反)、“fight against”(与……作斗争)、“stand against”(反对)“play against” (与......比赛)
03 核心精讲·题型突破
考向1 时间介词
介词 用法 示例
on ①用在具体的某一天前或特定某一天的上午/下午/晚上前 on June 1st on a cold winter morning
②用在星期、节日前 on Saturday on Children's Day
in ①用在某个世纪、年份、月份、季节或泛指的上午、下午或晚上前 in the 21st century in the 1980s in 2022 in July in spring in the morning/afternoon/evening
②“in+一段时间”表示在一段时间之后,用于将来时 in a few days
at ①用在具体的时刻或正午、黎明、黄昏、午夜前 at 8:00 at noon at midnight
②用于年龄前 at the age of 15
during 在……期间 during the summer holiday
03 核心精讲·题型突破
介词 用法 示例
after ①用于将来时,表示“……之后”,后接时间点 The room will be empty after seven o'clock.
②用于过去时,表示“……之后”,后接以过去为起点的时间段 Uncle Tom graduated from his college after 3 years.
before 在……之前 She must finish all the work before ten o'clock.
since 后接表示过去的时间点,或表示过去时间点的时间状语从句,常用于现在完成时 Mr. Li has taught math in this school since 2003.
for 后接时间段,表示动作的延续,主句常用现在完成时或一般过去时 We haven't seen each other for years.
until/till “到……时;直到……为止”,表示动作持续到某一时间结束 They must practice playing the piano until/till 10 o'clock.The boys didn't go to bed until 12 o'clock last night.
by by+时间点,表示“不迟于……(not later than)”,常用于过去完成时 They had seen four English films by the end of last week.
03 核心精讲·题型突破
考向2 方位介词
1.on, in, at与to
介词 含义及用法 示例
on 表示“在……(的表面)上”(即: ) on the desk on the wall
表示A地位于B地的外部且接壤
(即: ) Hunan Province lies on the west of Jiangxi Province. (湖南省同江西省接壤)
in 表示“在(大地方)”、“在……内部”或“在……范围之内”(即: ) in China in the north in the box
表示A地属于B地(即: ) Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.(台湾是中国的一部分)
at 表示“在(小地方)”或“在……附近,旁边”(即: ) at the door at the airport at the station
at Park Street
to 表示“到……” This road leads to London.
表示“在……范围之外”,即A、B两地不接壤(即: ) Japan lies to the east of China. (日本在中国的范围之外,且和中国不接壤)
03 核心精讲·题型突破
2.over, under, above与below
介词 含义及用法 例句
over 表示“在……正上方”,两者不接触 We can build a bridge over the river.
under 表示“在……正下方”,两者不接触 My cat is lying under the chair.
above 表示“在……上方”,两者不接触,不一定垂直 The plane is flying above the clouds.
below 表示“在……下方”,两者不接触,不一定垂直 The coat reaches below the knees.
03 核心精讲·题型突破
3.其他常见方位介词
介词 含义 例句
around 绕着 She put some flowers around her bed.
四处,在……周围 I went out and had a walk around.
along 顺着;沿着…… They walked back along the riverside.
outside 在……外面 The car was still outside the building.
inside 在……里面 There was a telephone inside the office.
behind 在……后面 Li Lei is behind the door.
beside 在……旁边 Come and sit beside me.
into 到……里面,进入 Come into the house.
near 在……附近 My home is near the school.
opposite 与……相对;在……对面 Their house is almost opposite ours.
03 核心精讲·题型突破
考向3 方式介词
介词 用法 示例
by by+表示交通工具的单数名词,且名词前不加任何修饰词 by plane by bus by subway
“by+名词/动名词”表示凭借某种工具或手段 by hand by selling flowers
in in+封闭的交通工具,且名词前有限定词 Alan goes to work in his sister's car.
in+某种材料/语言/声音等 in English
on on+开放型或大型交通工具,且名词前有限定词;固定搭配除外,如:on foot My father goes to work on a bus every morning.
表示通过网络、电话、收音机、电视等 They talked on the phone and made a deal.
with 表示“用;以;借助于”,其后常接具体的工具 I wrote the letter with a pen.
03 核心精讲·题型突破
考向4 其他介词
介词 含义及用法 例句
about 关于(某人或某事) At the museum, I learned a lot about robots.
大约;此处当副词讲,后接数词 There are about six books in my bag.
across 在……对面 There is a big park across from the supermarket.
在……各处;遍及 across the world
against 反对,违反;倚,靠 No shouting, please!It's against the rules.
与……比赛 I am in our school team and we are going to play against another school next week.
as 作为;以……身份 She works as a teacher.
像,如同,跟……一样 He speaks English a san Englishman.
except 除了……之外(没有),不包括后面所提到的人或物 Everyone is very happy except Tina.
03 核心精讲·题型突破
介词 含义及用法 例句
for 因为,由于 Thank you for helping me.
为了(表目的) They went out for a walk.
给(对象、用途等) I'm writing a poem for Grandma.
赞成(常与系动词be连用) I think you'll be for my opinion.
from 来自;源于;出自(表示来源) This gift is from my friend.
从……(到……)(表示幅度或范围) The store is open from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m.
使免遭;使免受(表示防止) He tried to keep himself from falling.
like 相似,类似,像 She was like a princess in a fairy tale.
例如,比如 Jane likes many sports,like running and swimming.
像……一样 Let me talk to you like a teacher.
under 低于,少于,在……以下(表示数量、年龄等) Children under 5 can travel at half price.
through 通过;以,凭借;贯穿;自始至终 You can only achieve success through hard work.
03 核心精讲·题型突破
介词 含义及用法 例句
with 和……在一起,和,同 She came to school with her classmates.
有,具有 There is a girl with a red hat under the tree.
随着,由于 With the development of society, people pay more attention to their health.
without 没有,缺乏 He found the place without any difficulty.
不和……在一起;无……相伴 Don't go without your parents!
不(做某事),无 He left without saying anything.
besides 除……之外,还有…… Besides Beijing, I have been to Shanghai.
among 在……之间(三者及三者以上) The woman who is standing among the students is Lily's mother.
between 在……之间(两者);常用词组:between…and… I will be back between five and six.
towards 朝;向;对着 She stood up and walked towards him.
03 核心精讲·题型突破
考查介词短语辨析
考点二 介词短语及固定搭配
(2024·江苏常州·一模)—It takes a lot of time and effort to develop a good habit.—Yes, let’s take in one step ________.A.by the time B.at a time C.all the time D.at that time
句意:——养成好习惯需要花费很多时间和精力。——是的,让我们一步一步的来。考查短语辨析。by the time到……的时候;at a time每次;all the time一直;at that time在那时。根据“let’s take in one step”可知,本句表示 “让我们一步一步来”,即 “每次” 迈出一步。故选B。
与time有关其它词组
at the same time 同时 in time 及时
at times 有时 from time to time不时
on time 按时 take one’s time慢慢来
kill time消磨时间
03 核心精讲·题型突破
考向1 介词与动词的搭配
(1)与into搭配:turn…into… 将……变成…… get into 进入;陷入 fall into 落入;陷入look into 调查;观察 run into 撞上;偶然碰见 come into 进来
(2)与around搭配:move around 四处走动;走来走去 look around 环顾四周 turn around 转身
(3)与from搭配:hear from收到……的来信 come from来自…… die from死于……protect…from… 保护……免受…… learn from向……学习;从……中吸取教训
(4)与with搭配:mix…with… 把……与……混合 agree with同意 practice with 和……一起练习talk with 和……交谈 argue with 和……争吵
(5)其他go across穿过;横过 wait for等待 dream of梦想 belong to属于 look forward to期待;盼望
03 核心精讲·题型突破
考向2 介词与形容词/v.-ed的搭配
(1)be+adj./v.-ed+aboutbe worried about对……担忧 be crazy about 对……着迷
be sure about确信;对……有把握
(2)be+adj./v.-ed+atbe good at擅长…… be surprised at对……感到惊奇 be angry at对……生气(对事)
(3)be+adj./v.-ed+ofbe scared of 害怕…… be full of充满…… be proud of为……感到自豪
(4)be+adj./v.-ed+frombe different from与……不同 be absent from缺席…… be separated from与……分开
(5)be+adj.+forbe famous/known for 因……而著名 be thirsty for渴望 be good for对……有好处
03 核心精讲·题型突破
(6)be+adj.+inbe interested in 对……感兴趣 be weak in在……方面薄弱 be rich in富于,盛产
考向3 介词与名词的搭配
(1)at短语:at home 在家里 at work 在工作中 at night在晚上 at present 目前;现在at the same time同时 at the moment 在此刻 at breakfast早餐时
(2)by短语:by the way顺便说一下 by accident偶然地 by hand手工
by the time到……的时候 by mistake错误地
(7)be+adj.+withbe filled with 充满…… be angry with生……的气(对人) be busy with忙于
(8)be+adj.+tobe harmful to对……有害 be similar to与……相似 be friendly/kind to对……友好更多初中常见的“形容词/v.-ed+介词”短语详见本书“形容词短语辨析”。
03 核心精讲·题型突破
(3)in短语:in a hurry 匆忙 in order to 以便,为了 in agreement达成一致 in need 处于危难中in person 亲自 in return作为回报 in hospital住院 in the end最后in order井井有条,按顺序 in time及时 in fact事实上 in danger处于危险中 in one's way挡住某人的路 in some way(s)在某种程度上in the beginning开始;起初;在开始的时候
(4)on短语:on fire 着火 on the way在路上 on Sunday 在星期天 on business出差on duty 值日 on foot步行 on time准时 on holiday在休假on the other hand 另一方面 on sale在出售;减价出售on one's way to… 在某人去……的路上
03 核心精讲·题型突破
考向4 其他常见介词相关搭配after a while 过了一会儿 after all毕竟 after breakfast早饭后according to根据 as usual像往常一样 be away from远离 because of因为out of breath上气不接下气 out of control失控 such as 例如 to one's surprise令某人吃惊的是 with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下
04 题型特训·命题预测
1.Our school basketball team is going to play ________ another school team next week. It must be exciting.A.through B.about C.against D.into2.I often take my dog for a walk __________ the street after dinner.A.along B.above C.across D.around3.All the students take the bus to school ________ Sam. He goes to school by bike.A.through B.except C.among D.including4.In China, Dr. Bethune helped treat wounded soldiers. He often worked very hard ________ taking a rest.A.without B.against C.below D.towards5.In the picture, a girl sits ________ her mother, reading a book.A.through B.among C.up D.beside
04 题型特训·命题预测
6.It’s getting colder. The night temperature may drop ________ zero (零) degree.A.over B.beside C.below D.on7.Let’s watch the cartoon. The Monkey King can fly ________ the sky and fight bad people.A.through B.after C.between D.against8.________ the four great classical Chinese novels, I like reading Journey to the West best.A.Among B.Across C.Above D.Along9.The boy used to play computer games ________ night, as a result, he was sent to a hospital ________ a cold morning.A.in; at B.at; in C.at; on D.on; at10.People often lose things when they’re travelling or when they’re ________.A.in a hurry B.at the moment C.in the end D.in the future
THE END
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