专题06 动词时态和语态（课件）-【上好课】2025年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（全国通用）

专 题 06 动词时态和语态 二轮复习讲练测 英 语 1 01 考情透视·目标导航 02 知识导图·思维引航 03 04 题型特训·命题预测 目录 CONTENTS 核心精讲·题型突破 第一部分 动词时态 2 01 考情透视·目标导航 考情分析 考点分布 动词时态是中考英语核心考点，涵盖一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时及现在完成时6种时态。 题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、词语运用及书面表达等题型中。 考法与比重 考法重语境运用，无明显时间状语提示，依上下文逻辑判断。多数地区试卷中，动词时态题目分值占比约10% - 20%。 命题规律 语境化 融入真实自然语境，如校园生活对话，根据动作时间背景选时态。 综合化 常与语态、从句结合，如现在完成时结合被动语态，宾语从句考查时态呼应。 高频化 现在完成时、一般过去时等重要时态反复考，需重点掌握。 生活化 命题贴近生活，如描述周末旅行，用一般过去时讲活动，现在完成时谈影响。 3 02 02 知识导图·思维引航 4 （2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）To make our hometown more beautiful, we ____ many trees and flowers every year. A．plant B．are planting C．planted D．were planting 03 核心精讲·题型突破 考查一般现在时的用法 考点一 一般现在时 句意：为了使我们的家乡更美丽，我们每年都种很多树和花。考查时态。根据“every year”可知，是一般现在时，主语是we，动词用原形，故选A。 一般现在时表经常，习惯动作或状态。 客观真理和事实，也用一般现在时。 动词要用原形态，主语三单要变化。 否定句，很简单，助动词后加not。 疑问句，也不难，助动词放句首。 03 核心精讲·题型突破 （2022·上海·中考真题）The three Chinese astronauts _______ safely from space on April 16, 2022. A．returned B．are returning C．have returned D．had returned 考查一般过去时的用法 03 核心精讲·题型突破 考点二 一般过去时 句意：这三名中国宇航员于2022年4月16日从太空安全返回。 考查动词时态。根据“April 16, 2022”可知，此句用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选A。 过去动作或状态，一般过去时来表。 时间标志要记牢，long long ago很明了。 动词过去式变化，规则不规则要分家。 规则一般加-ed，不规则得单独记。 否定句用didn't，动词原形要恢复。 疑问句也用did，句首大写别忘记。 03 核心精讲·题型突破 03 核心精讲·题型突破 考点三 一般将来时 （2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Su Hai, what will you do for the coming Father’s Day? —I ________ a beautiful card for my father. A．design B．designed C．will design D．was designing 考查一般将来时的用法 句意：——苏海，在即将到来的父亲节你会做什么？——我将为我父亲设计一张漂亮的卡片。 根据“for the coming Father’s Day”可知动作还未发生，用一般将来时will do。故选C。 口诀： 一般将来时，将要发生事。 will加动原，构成最容易。 be going to，也表将来意。 计划与打算，它来显威力。 时间状语词，tomorrow常遇。 next week也常见，in+时间也可以 03 核心精讲·题型突破 03 核心精讲·题型突破 考点四 现在进行时 （Look! My sister ________ the table. Let’s give her a hand. A．set B．sets C．is setting D．was setting 考查现在进行时的用法 句意：看！我姐姐正在摆桌子。让我们帮她一把。 根据“Look”可知，姐姐正在摆桌子，动作正在发生，应为现在进行时。故选C。 口诀： 现在进行时，动作正进行。 am/is/are+doing，构成很轻松。 直接加ing，多数动词都适用。 不发音e结尾，去e再加ing。 重读闭音节，双写尾字母加ing。 特殊变化有几个，lie变成lying要记清。 03 核心精讲·题型突破 03 核心精讲·题型突破 考点五 过去进行时 考查过去进行时的用法 句意：——Amy，你昨天晚上没接我的电话。你在干什么？——对不起，我没听到铃声。我当时正在书房里读书。 read阅读；am reading现在进行时；have read现在完成时；was reading过去进行时；will read一般将来时。根据“yesterday evening”和问句“What were you doing?”可知，此处是在描述过去某一时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。 口诀 过去进行时不难记，谓语动词有规律。 was/were加doing，表示过去正进行。 句中有when或while，主从动作细分辨。 从句短暂用一般，主句延续进行时。 （2024·北京·中考真题）—Amy, you didn’t answer my call yesterday evening. What were you doing?—Sorry, I didn’t hear the ring. I ________ a book in my study.A．am reading B．have read C．was reading D．will read 03 核心精讲·题型突破 03 核心精讲·题型突破 考点六 现在完成时 考查现在完成时的用法 句意：我已经参观过盐城公园好几次了，所以我对它了解很多。 根据句中的“several times”可知，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时have/has done的结构。故选B。 口诀： 完成时态作用妙，过去动作影响到。 have/has+过去分词，用法记清别混淆。 行为发生在过去，持续到今没停掉。 just、already常相伴，否定疑问用yet好。 since从句表起点，for短语时段标。 （2024·江苏常州·中考真题）I ______ Yancheng Park several times, so I know a lot about it.A．was visiting B．have visited C．visit D．will visit 03 核心精讲·题型突破 03 核心精讲·题型突破 【拓展】 （1）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 ①现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实。 ②现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，而一般过去时可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 I haven't seen her these days.；I saw her this morning. （2）常用现在完成时的固定句型 ①This/It is/was the+形容词最高级+n.+that…结构, that从句中要用现在完成时。 This is the most interesting film that I have seen. 03 核心精讲·题型突破 ②It is/has been+时间段+since…。 It is/has been 5 years since we last met. ③一段时间+现在完成时+since时间状语从句。 Two years has passed since I came here. （3）常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化 open→be open close→be closed become→be begin/start→be on marry→be married borrow→keep leave→be away （from） go to→be in buy→have die→be dead join→be in finish→be over come back→be back wake up→be awake fall asleep→be asleep 04 题型特训·命题预测 1．Look at the timetable. The flight to Shanghai ________ at 10 o’clock. That’s to say, he’s leaving in two hours.A．left B．is leaving C．leaves D．has left2．—Would you like to see the film Boonie Bears: Time Twist with me tomorrow?—Sorry. I ________ it with my parents the other day.A．watch B．watched C．will watcb D．am watching3．—Hello, Sandy. This is Jack. What are you doing?—I’m watching a match. It started at 7:00 p.m. and on for another half an hour.A．has been B．has lasted C．had been D．will be4．—I haven’t seen you these days. What are you busy with?—I ________ my English Speech Competition next week.A．am preparing for B．prepared for C．have prepared for D．will prepare for5．—We couldn’t find you anywhere around 8 o’clock yesterday evening. —I’m sorry for that. I ________ in the supermarket then.A．shop B．am shopping C．was shopping D．will shop 04 题型特训·命题预测 6．—Look, I ________ the Chinese painting.—Wow, truly beautiful!A．finish B．have finished C．will finish D．am finishing7．To help people learn more about Chinese history and culture, Nanjing Museum _________ to the public for free since 2008.A．has opened B．has been open C．was opened D．was open8．—Mum, when will Dad be back? He ________ for a week. —If all goes smoothly, he should arrive home tomorrow afternoon.A．left B．has left C．has been away D．is leaving9．—I haven’t seen your father for several days. —Oh, he ________ Guangzhou on business for a week.A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．has left for10．—Hey, Lucas! I haven’t seen Tom for a long time. —Ah, he ______ Dali. It’s such a beautiful place that he doesn’t even want to come back!A．went to B．goes to C．has gone to D．is going to 01 考情透视·目标导航 02 知识导图·思维引航 03 04 题型特训·命题预测 目录 CONTENTS 核心精讲·题型突破 第二部分 动词语态 21 01 考情透视·目标导航 考情 分析 考点分布 被动语态构成：涵盖一般现在时（am/is/are + 过去分词）、一般过去时（was/were + 过去分词）、一般将来时（will be + 过去分词 或am/is/are going to be + 过去分词）特殊情况：主动形式表被动意义，如感官系动词look、taste、smell等，“The food tastes delicious”；某些及物动词转化的不及物动词，像sell、read、write等和副词连用时，“The pen writes smoothly”；还有不能用被动语态的情况，如表示状态的动词have、belong to等。 题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、句型转换和阅读理解等题型中。 考法与比重 考法：注重语境，常结合时态、从句、动词短语等知识考查。如“Could you tell me when the new library will be opened?” 。比重：多数地区中考试卷里，被动语态相关题目分值占比约5% - 15%，因地区和试卷题型设置而不同。 命题 规律 语境化 在真实自然语境中考查，让学生依上下文逻辑判断是否用被动语态及用何种时态的被动语态。 综合化 常和其他语法知识综合考查，如与时态结合，考查不同时态下被动语态；与从句结合，像在宾语从句、定语从句中考查。 高频化 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态考查频率高 。 生活化 命题贴近学生生活，涉及校园、家庭、社会活动等。如校园活动，“The school sports meeting was held last Friday” ；家庭生活，“The dishes are washed by my sister every day” 。 22 02 02 知识导图·思维引航 23 （2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival. —I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business.A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．held 03 核心精讲·题型突破 考查动词被动语态 句意：——太可惜了！像你这样的乐迷没有去南通音乐节。——我知道这是几周前举行的。但我是出差。 主语it指代“南通音乐节”，和谓语hold“举办”之间是被动关系，根据“several weeks ago”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选C。 主动语态变被动语态的变法： 口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done ,时不变，数格必须随被变。 03 核心精讲·题型突破 1.被动语态的结构 被动语态的基本结构是“主语（动作的承受者）+系动词be+及物动词的过去分词”。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化通过系动词be的变化来体现。常见的被动语态结构如下： 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 主动语态：We clean the classroom every day. 一般过去时 was/were+done A new pen was given to her by her mother. 主动语态：Her mother gave her a new pen. 一般将来时 will/shall/begoto+be+done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 主动语态：They will plant trees tomorrow. 含情态动词 情态动词+be+done The problem must be solved soon. 主动语态：We must solve the problem soon. 03 核心精讲·题型突破 2.主动语态变被动语态的方法 总结：（1）把主动语态宾语变成被动语态主语; （2）原主动语态动词变成“be+动词的过去分词”; （3）把主动语态主语放在被动语态介词by之后; （4）其他不变。 03 核心精讲·题型突破 【注意】主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况 （1）带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语（物）作主语的被动语态时，间接宾语（人）前必须加介词to或for。 My father bought me a computer. →A computer was bought for me by my father. （2）有些感官动词和使役动词（hear, see, watch, notice, make, have等）在主动语态中作谓语时，其宾语补足语后的动词不定式省略to, 但变成被动语态时，必须将to还原。 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. →The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss. 口诀： 如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。 口诀： 感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。 03 核心精讲·题型突破 3.使用被动语态的情况 （1）不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如： Rice is grown in the south of China. （2）需要强调或突出动作的承受者，而不是强调动作的执行者。如： Chinese is spoken more widely in the world. （3）动作的发出者是某个事物。如： Many houses were washed away in the flood. （4）习惯用法。在英语中be born, be located, be dressed, be seated常常以被动语态的形式出现。如： Linda was born in China in 2008. 03 核心精讲·题型突破 4.主动结构表被动意义的情况 （1）open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。如： This kind of pen writes very smoothly. （2）look, feel, sound, taste, smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如： Mooncakes taste delicious. （3）be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。如： This book is worth reading. （4）want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+to be done, to be done为不定式的被动结构。如： My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired. （5）表示“发生”的happen或take place，无被动结构。 1．—What will you do if you _______ this job? —I will work harder and do my best.A．are offered B．offer C．will offer D．will be offered2．—Let’s go to play soccer, Jack. —I’m afraid not. I will need one more hour before my project _________.A．finished B．is finished C．will finish D．will be finished3．—What ______ to you, Jack? —I ______ by an e-bike and hurt my arms.A．took place; hit B．happened; hit C．took place; was hit D．happened; was hit4．It’s a long time! I can’t remember when this picture _____ in Hongshan Forest Zoo.A．takes B．took C．is taken D．was taken5．To make our beloved city much greener, more trees ________ in the next few years.A．plant B．will plant C．will be planted D．are planted 04 题型特训·命题预测 04 题型特训·命题预测 6．I like shopping online because when my order is ready, the things I want ________ to me soon.A．send B．was sent C．are sending D．will be sent7．—Horse-Face Skirt lovers can ________ walking down the street in many cities.—Well, wearing the kind of skirt shows their love for Chinese culture.A．find B．found C．be found D．finding8．—How many books can ________ at a time, Mrs Green?—At most three. And you can ___ them for ten days before you must return or renew them.A．borrow; keep B．be borrowed; keep C．borrow; borrow D．be borrowed; borrow9．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had getting the two tickets. —But the match is really worth ________.A．watch B．watching C．being watched D．to be watched10．Gulliver's Travels ______ so well that it ____ out in all the shops in my town.A．is sold; sell B．sells; sells C．is sold; is sold D．sells; is sold THE END 32 $$